/**
 * A fixed-size circular buffer (ring buffer) that overwrites the oldest elements
 * when the buffer is full and new elements are added.
 *
 * @template T The type of elements stored in the buffer
 *
 * @example
 * // Basic usage with numbers
 * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
 * buffer.push(1); // [1]
 * buffer.push(2); // [1, 2]
 * buffer.push(3); // [1, 2, 3]
 * buffer.push(4); // [2, 3, 4] - '1' was overwritten
 *
 * @example
 * // Usage with objects
 * interface LogEntry {
 *   timestamp: Date;
 *   message: string;
 * }
 *
 * const logs = new CircularBuffer<LogEntry>(100);
 * logs.push({ timestamp: new Date(), message: "User logged in" });
 *
 * @example
 * // Rolling metrics
 * const responseTimesMs = new CircularBuffer<number>(50);
 * responseTimesMs.push(245);
 * responseTimesMs.push(189);
 * const average = responseTimesMs.toArray().reduce((a, b) => a + b) / responseTimesMs.size();
 */
export declare class CircularBuffer<T> {
    private buffer;
    private head;
    private tail;
    private count;
    private readonly maxSize;
    /**
     * Creates a new circular buffer with the specified capacity.
     *
     * @param capacity The maximum number of elements the buffer can hold
     * @throws {Error} When capacity is not a positive integer
     */
    constructor(capacity: number);
    /**
     * Adds an element to the buffer. If the buffer is full, overwrites the oldest element.
     *
     * @param item The item to add to the buffer
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<string>(2);
     * buffer.push("first");  // ["first"]
     * buffer.push("second"); // ["first", "second"]
     * buffer.push("third");  // ["second", "third"] - "first" was overwritten
     */
    push(item: T): void;
    /**
     * Removes and returns the oldest element from the buffer.
     *
     * @returns The oldest element, or undefined if the buffer is empty
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * const oldest = buffer.shift(); // Returns 1, buffer now contains [2]
     */
    shift(): T | undefined;
    /**
     * Gets the element at the specified index without removing it.
     * Index 0 refers to the oldest element, index (size-1) refers to the newest element.
     *
     * @param index The index of the element to retrieve (0-based)
     * @returns The element at the specified index
     * @throws {Error} When index is out of bounds
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<string>(3);
     * buffer.push("a");
     * buffer.push("b");
     * buffer.push("c");
     * console.log(buffer.get(0)); // "a" (oldest)
     * console.log(buffer.get(2)); // "c" (newest)
     */
    get(index: number): T;
    /**
     * Returns the newest element without removing it.
     *
     * @returns The newest element, or undefined if the buffer is empty
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * console.log(buffer.peek()); // 2
     */
    peek(): T | undefined;
    /**
     * Returns the oldest element without removing it.
     *
     * @returns The oldest element, or undefined if the buffer is empty
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * console.log(buffer.peekOldest()); // 1
     */
    peekOldest(): T | undefined;
    /**
     * Returns the current number of elements in the buffer.
     *
     * @returns The current size of the buffer
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(5);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * console.log(buffer.size()); // 2
     */
    size(): number;
    /**
     * Returns the maximum capacity of the buffer.
     *
     * @returns The maximum number of elements the buffer can hold
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(5);
     * console.log(buffer.capacity()); // 5
     */
    capacity(): number;
    /**
     * Checks if the buffer is full.
     *
     * @returns True if the buffer is at maximum capacity, false otherwise
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(2);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * console.log(buffer.isFull()); // false
     * buffer.push(2);
     * console.log(buffer.isFull()); // true
     */
    isFull(): boolean;
    /**
     * Checks if the buffer is empty.
     *
     * @returns True if the buffer contains no elements, false otherwise
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * console.log(buffer.isEmpty()); // true
     * buffer.push(1);
     * console.log(buffer.isEmpty()); // false
     */
    isEmpty(): boolean;
    /**
     * Removes all elements from the buffer.
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * buffer.clear();
     * console.log(buffer.isEmpty()); // true
     */
    clear(): void;
    /**
     * Converts the buffer to a regular array with elements in order from oldest to newest.
     *
     * @returns A new array containing all elements in order
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * buffer.push(3);
     * buffer.push(4); // Overwrites 1
     * console.log(buffer.toArray()); // [2, 3, 4]
     */
    toArray(): T[];
    /**
     * Returns an iterator for the buffer elements from oldest to newest.
     *
     * @returns An iterator for the buffer elements
     *
     * @example
     * const buffer = new CircularBuffer<number>(3);
     * buffer.push(1);
     * buffer.push(2);
     * buffer.push(3);
     *
     * for (const item of buffer) {
     *   console.log(item); // 1, 2, 3
     * }
     */
    [Symbol.iterator](): Iterator<T>;
}