# legal_provisions

document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s99
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 99
title: Implied easements for right of way and other rights shown in subdivision plan
content:
99. —(1) Where the competent authority has approved the development and subdivision of any land comprised in an estate before or after 1 March 1994 and the subdivision plan has been submitted to the competent authority, there is implied, in respect of each lot of the estate which is used or intended to be used as a separate tenement, in favour of the registered proprietor of the lot and as appurtenant thereto, all the easements referred to in subsection (1A). [37/2004] (1A) The easements which are implied under subsection (1) are all such easements of way and drainage, for party wall purposes and for the supply of water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telephone and other services to the lot on, over or under the lands appropriated or set apart for those purposes respectively on the subdivision plan submitted to the competent authority relating to the estate, as may be necessary for the reasonable enjoyment of the lot and of any building or part of a building at any time thereon. [37/2004] (2) All ancillary rights and obligations reasonably necessary to make the easements referred to in subsection (1A) effective are implied. [37/2004] (3) In respect of all the easements implied by this section, there is also implied a covenant binding all registered proprietors enjoying the benefit of such easements to contribute to the cost of maintenance or repair of the subject of the easements as if the easements and the covenant to contribute had been created by an instrument registered under this Act and so long as such easements subsist the covenant to contribute binds any successor in title enjoying the benefit of the easements except that in the case of the right to erect and maintain party walls, the implied covenant provided in this subsection binds only the registered proprietors of the lots on which party walls have been erected. (4) Subsection (3) does not render any person liable to contribute to expenditure incurred at a time before the person became, or after the person ceased to be, a proprietor of the lot to which the liability is attached. (5) The easements implied by this section are enforceable without any memorial or notification on the folios, and accordingly section 97(5) and (6) does not apply thereto. (6) Unity of seisin of 2 or more lots does not destroy the easements implied by this section but on the cessation of such unity, they continue in full force and effect as if the seisin had never been united. (7) The easements implied by this section do not apply to the lots in an estate where subdivision approval was given by the competent authority prior to 1 March 1994 and satisfactory documentary evidence has been produced to the Registrar of the completion of the transfer of any lot in the estate to a purchaser with easements expressly created in an instrument which has been executed and delivered to the purchaser. (8) In this section — “estate” means any land which has been subdivided into lots under the Planning Act 1998, and includes — ( a ) land intended for use as easements to be made appurtenant to other lots within the same estate as shown in the subdivision plan submitted to the competent authority; and ( b ) undeveloped lots (if any) which are shown in the first subdivision plan submitted to the competent authority, each of which is capable of being subdivided as shown in one or more subsequent subdivision plans as and when submitted to or issued by the competent authority; “lot” means a parcel of land forming part of an estate to which the Chief Surveyor has allotted a survey lot number and also described as a “plot” in a subdivision plan submitted to the competent authority. [37/2004; 8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s100
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 100
title: Extinguishment by union of tenements
content:
100. —(1) Except as provided in sections 98 and 99, where upon the registration of a transfer or other instrument, the same person becomes the proprietor for the same estate and in the same interest of both dominant and servient tenements, it is the duty of that proprietor to indicate the fact of such union of tenements in the instrument by which it is effected. (2) Upon the registration of the transfer or other instrument, the Registrar must, at the request of the proprietor, cancel the registration and notification of the easement except that where the survey lots have been amalgamated as one new survey lot by the Chief Surveyor pursuant to the application made by the proprietor to him or her, the Registrar must, as soon as he or she becomes aware of that amalgamation, cancel the registration and notification of the easement. (3) For the purposes of this section, parcels of land are not to be deemed to be held for the same estate and in the same interest while one of those parcels is subject to a registered mortgage, charge or lease.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s101
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 101
title: Easements to pass on transfer without express mention
content:
101. —(1) Upon registration of a transfer or lease of land to which an easement is appurtenant, the easement passes to the transferee or lessee without any express mention in the transfer or lease. (2) Where a transfer of part of a dominant tenement contains an express agreement that the easement does not pass to the transferee, registration of the transfer operates to release the easement to the extent to which it had been appurtenant to the part transferred. (3) Except as provided in subsection (2), an easement, so long as it subsists, continues to be appurtenant to every part of the dominant tenement despite severance.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s102
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 102
title: Contribution to repairs
content:
102. —(1) Where an instrument creating an easement contains a covenant binding either party to contribute to the cost of construction, maintenance or repair of any way, wall, drain or any other matter (the subject of the easement), then, unless a contrary intention is expressed in the instrument, so long as the easement subsists the covenant binds any successor in title to that party as if the successor had been a party to the original covenant. (2) This section does not render any person liable to contribute to expenditure incurred at a time before the person became, or after the person ceased to be, a proprietor of the tenement to which the liability is attached. (3) For the purpose of subsection (2), any liability of a proprietor of an easement ceases from the time at which the person delivers to the proprietor of the servient tenement a registrable release of the easement.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s103
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 103
title: Grant of right of way
content:
103. —(1) In an instrument purporting to create a right of way over registered land, the expressions “right of carriage way” and “right of footway” have the same effect as if there had been inserted in lieu thereof the words respectively contained in Parts 1 and 2 of the Schedule. (2) The expressions mentioned in subsection (1) do not have the meaning attributed to them by this section if any alteration is made in the expressions otherwise than by means of a proviso thereto.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s104
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 104
title: Party walls
content:
104. —(1) In this section, “conveyance” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886, and includes instruments of transfer taking effect under this Act. (2) Where in a conveyance of land made by a person entitled to convey or to create easements in respect of a wall built on the common boundary of that land and adjoining land so that the boundary passes longitudinally through the wall (whether centrally or otherwise), the wall is described as a “party wall”, that expression means (unless a contrary intention appears) a wall severed vertically and longitudinally with separate ownership of the severed portions, and with cross easements entitling each of the persons entitled to a portion to have the whole wall continue in such a manner that each building supported thereby will have the support of the whole wall, and the conveyance operates to create such easements accordingly. (3) Upon the registration of the conveyance creating any party wall, the Registrar must include in a memorial entered for the conveyance on the relevant folio a reference to the creation of the party wall rights over the lot numbers as described in the conveyance.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s105
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 105
title: Variation or release of easements
content:
105. —(1) An easement over registered land may be varied or released by an instrument in the approved form. [8/2014] (2) Where an easement over unregistered land is made appurtenant to registered land, the easement may be varied or released in any manner in accordance with law. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s105A
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 105A
title: Power of court to vary or extinguish easements
content:
105A. —(1) The court may, on application by any person with an interest in a servient tenement, make an order to vary or extinguish wholly or in part the easement (including any implied easement) over the servient tenement. [8/2014] (2) An order under subsection (1) may be made upon the court being satisfied — ( a ) that by reason of a change of use of the land affected, as approved by planning permission within the meaning of the Planning Act 1998, or of changes in the character of the land or the neighbourhood, or other circumstances the court considers material, the continued existence of the easement will, unless varied or extinguished, impede the development of the land for public or private purposes without securing practical benefits to the persons entitled to the easement; or ( b ) that the proposed variation or extinguishment will not substantially injure the persons entitled to the easement. [8/2014] (3) An order varying or extinguishing wholly or in part an easement under subsection (1) may direct the applicant to pay to any person entitled to the benefit of the easement such sum by way of compensation as the court may think just to award under one, but not both, of the following heads: ( a ) a sum to make up for any loss or disadvantage suffered by that person in consequence of the variation or extinguishment; ( b ) a sum to make up for any effect which the easement had at the time when it was imposed in reducing the consideration then received for the land affected by it. [8/2014] (4) An order made under subsection (1) does not vary or extinguish wholly or in part an easement until an instrument in the approved form has been registered. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s106
chapter: PART 10 - EASEMENTS
section: 106
title: Cancellation of easements
content:
106. —(1) The Registrar must cancel the registration or notification of an easement upon proof to his or her satisfaction that — ( a ) any period of time for which the easement was intended to subsist has expired; ( b ) any event upon which the easement was intended to determine has occurred; or ( c ) the easement has been abandoned. (2) Where an application is made to the Registrar in the approved form and evidence is furnished to the Registrar of non-user of an easement for a period exceeding 12 years, the Registrar may, without further evidence of abandonment, give notice to the proprietor of the dominant tenement and, in the absence of objection by that proprietor within one month from the service of the notice, treat the easement as abandoned.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s107
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 107
title: Transmission on death of proprietors in severalty
content:
107. —(1) Personal representatives or any other person claiming land of a deceased proprietor may apply in the approved form to become registered as proprietors by transmission of the land, and upon proof of their representation or claim, the Registrar must enter on the folio a memorial of registration in accordance with section 37. (2) An application under this section by a person claiming land of a deceased proprietor otherwise than as personal representative must not be registered unless it can be established to the satisfaction of the Registrar that a transfer to that person by the personal representative is not reasonably practicable. (3) The Registrar may register a transmission application by the Public Trustee acting in the Public Trustee’s capacity under section 6 of the Public Trustee Act 1915 in the administration of an estate in respect of which representation has not been taken out. (4) For the purposes of this section, “personal representative” includes — ( a ) the administrator of an executor; and ( b ) the executor of an administrator.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s108
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 108
title: Dealings without transmission
content:
108. Upon production of the grant of probate of the will or letters of administration of the estate of a deceased proprietor, the Registrar may, without requiring a transmission application, register — ( a ) any transfer by the personal representative expressed to be made — (i) pursuant to a devise in the will of the proprietor; (ii) in exercise of a power of appropriation of the assets of the proprietor; (iii) pursuant to an appointment of new trustees of the proprietor; (iv) by way of distribution under the intestacy of the proprietor; or (v) pursuant to a contract entered into by the proprietor in his or her lifetime; ( b ) a discharge of a mortgage or charge of which the deceased person was the proprietor; and ( c ) a surrender of a lease of which the deceased person was the proprietor.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s109
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 109
title: Full number of personal representatives required
content:
109. —(1) Despite the existence of any law empowering less than the full number of personal representatives to deal with the estate of a deceased person, the Registrar must not register any dealing under section 108 nor any transmission application made by less than the full number of personal representatives then living except that, where in a grant of probate leave has been reserved to one or more executors to come in and prove, the Registrar need not be concerned to inquire whether double probate has been granted. (2) An executor who has neglected to become registered as proprietor after obtaining a grant of double probate may nevertheless join in or consent to instruments executed by his or her co‑executors.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s110
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 110
title: Transmission on bankruptcy
content:
110. —(1) Subject to subsection (1A), the Official Assignee claiming land under a bankruptcy order against a proprietor or under an order for administration in bankruptcy of the estate of a deceased proprietor may apply in the approved form to become registered as proprietor by transmission of the land so claimed, and upon production of a duly certified copy of that order, the Registrar must enter on the folio a memorial of registration in accordance with section 37. [8/2014] (1A) The Official Assignee must make an application under subsection (1) before exercising the Official Assignee’s rights under the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018 to sell the property. [40/2018] (2) Despite the provisions of any written law relating to bankruptcy for the time being in force, the vesting of registered land pursuant to proceedings thereunder is subject to the registration of a transmission application as provided in this section. (3) For the purposes of this Act, any dealing with land of which the Official Assignee is the proprietor may be executed by the Official Assignee for the time being.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s111
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 111
title: Caveats by Official Assignee
content:
111. Where the Official Assignee is entitled to take possession of land of a proprietor under a bankruptcy order, or under an appointment of an interim receiver, the Official Assignee may lodge a caveat under section 115. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s112
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 112
title: Bankruptcy: Effect of disclaimer, discharge and annulment
content:
112. Despite the provisions of any written law relating to bankruptcy for the time being in force, no disclaimer, nor order for the discharge of a bankrupt, nor order for the annulment of a bankruptcy order, operates to divest the Official Assignee of registered land of which the Official Assignee is the proprietor until the Official Assignee has executed and caused to be registered such transfers or other instruments as may be necessary to give effect to any such disclaimer or order. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s113
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 113
title: Effect of transmission
content:
113. On registration of any transmission application in accordance with this Part — ( a ) the estate and interest of the former proprietor, as set forth in the land‑register, together with all easements, rights and powers, thereto belonging or appertaining, pass to and are vested in the person so registered as proprietor; and ( b ) that person holds the land in trust for the persons and purposes for which it is applicable by law; but for the purpose of any dealing under the provisions of this Act, and despite the fact that that person’s description may indicate a fiduciary capacity, that person is deemed to be the absolute proprietor of the land.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s114
chapter: PART 11 - TRANSMISSIONS
section: 114
title: Notice of death or defeasance
content:
114. —(1) Upon the death of a joint tenant or of a life tenant of registered land, the proprietor who has become entitled to that land consequent upon that death may apply in the approved form to have the death notified in the land‑register. (2) Upon proof to his or her satisfaction of such a death, the Registrar must make such entries in the land-register as may be necessary to indicate that the interest of the deceased proprietor has determined, and that the land has become vested in the survivor or other person entitled in reversion or remainder, as the case may be. (3) Where a person has become entitled to registered land consequent upon defeasance of the interest of the proprietor of that land, and under circumstances in respect of which no express provision is made by this Act for registration of the interest of that person, that person may apply for such registration in the approved form. (4) Section 29 of the Estate Duty Act 1929 applies to registered land, and upon the death of a joint tenant or a life tenant of registered land, the Commissioner of Estate Duties is not required to register any instrument of charge claiming an interest in the land for estate duty payable.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s115
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 115
title: Caveats may be lodged
content:
115. —(1) Any person claiming an interest in land (whether or not the land has been brought under the provisions of this Act), or any person otherwise authorised by this Act or any other written law to do so, may lodge with the Registrar a caveat in the approved form which must include the following particulars: ( a ) the names of the caveator and the caveatee; ( b ) an address in Singapore at which notices may be served on the caveator and the caveatee; ( c ) nature of the interest claimed by the caveator; ( d ) the grounds in support of the claim; ( e ) the nature of the prohibition of the dealing in land; ( f ) the lot affected by the caveat and, where that lot is comprised in a folio, the folio; ( g ) where the caveat relates to only part of the land, such description of that part as will enable it to be identified to the satisfaction of the Registrar; ( h ) if the caveator is a purchaser or sub-purchaser of the interest in the land, the amount of the purchase price and the date of the caveator’s contract or the date on which the caveator exercised the option to purchase the interest in the land, as the case may be; ( i ) the particulars required by section 19 of the Residential Property Act 1976. [8/2014] (2) A caveator may, according to the extent of the caveator’s interest, prohibit the registration under this Act of any dealing affecting the land against which the caveat is directed, either — ( a ) unless the dealing is expressed to be subject to the interest claimed by the caveator; or ( b ) unless the caveator or some person nominated by the caveator in the caveat has consented in writing to the registration. [8/2014] (3) For the purposes of this Part, and without limiting its generality, a reference to a person claiming an interest in land includes a reference to any of the following persons: ( a ) any person who has an interest in the proceeds of sale of land, not being an interest arising from a judgment or order for the payment of money; ( b ) a person who has obtained an injunction in respect of an estate or interest in land. (4) Nothing in this section enables a caveator or a person nominated by the caveator in a caveat under subsection (2)( b ) to withhold consent to any dealing which a caveatee may lawfully make.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s115A
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 115A
title: Controller of Residential Property may lodge caveat
content:
115A. For the purposes of section 25 of the Residential Property Act 1976, the Controller of Residential Property (within the meaning of that Act) may, when directed by the Minister under section 25A of that Act, lodge with the Registrar a caveat over a lot in the approved form prohibiting the registration under this Act, during the period specified by the Minister in a condition imposed when granting approval under section 25 of that Act, of any dealing affecting the land against which the caveat is directed unless the Controller, or some person nominated by the Controller in the caveat, has consented in writing to such registration. [35/2010; 8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s116
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 116
title: Provisional notification of caveats
content:
116. Where a caveat is lodged with the Registrar and before it has been accepted by the Registrar as being in order for notification, the Registrar must — ( a ) if the caveat relates to land not yet brought under the provisions of this Act — provisionally enter the particulars thereof in the Caveat Index; ( b ) if the caveat relates to a manual folio — provisionally enter the particulars thereof on the folio; and ( c ) if the caveat relates to a computer folio of the land‑register — provisionally enter the particulars thereof in the Caveat Index and on the folio.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s117
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 117
title: Notification of caveats
content:
117. —(1) Where the particulars of a caveat have been provisionally entered in the Caveat Index or a folio or both, and the caveat is subsequently accepted by the Registrar as being in order for notification, the Registrar must — ( a ) if the caveat relates to land not yet brought under the provisions of this Act — expeditiously sign and date the entry of the particulars of the caveat in the Caveat Index; ( b ) if the caveat relates to a manual folio — expeditiously sign and date the entry of the particulars of the caveat in the folio; ( c ) if the caveat relates to a computer folio — date the entry of the particulars thereof in the Caveat Index and in the computer folio, and notify the caveatee that the caveat has been lodged and accepted by the Registrar. (2) When any land specified in a caveat which has been notified in the Caveat Index is brought under the provisions of this Act and the caveat is notified in the land-register, the Registrar must as soon as practicable make the appropriate entry in the Caveat Index to indicate clearly the folio created for the land. (3) If upon investigation it is found that a caveat does not comply with the requirements of this Act, the Registrar must give notice to the caveator of the matters in respect of which it is deficient, and if, within a period of not less than 14 days from the date of the service of the notice, the caveat is not rectified, it is deemed to have been withdrawn. (4) The Registrar must cancel the entry of the notification of a caveat mentioned in subsection (3) in the Caveat Index or the land‑register, as the case may be. (5) The Registrar need not be concerned to consider whether or not a caveator’s claim is justified. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s118
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 118
title: Caveats lodged before initial registration
content:
118. —(1) Before bringing land under the provisions of this Act, the Registrar must cause a search to be made for caveats in the Caveat Index, and upon creating a folio for that land must notify thereon any caveat appearing from the search to affect it. (2) In the case of a primary application or of an application for cancellation of a caution, the Registrar may, before giving effect to the application, require the applicant to get in, or otherwise to dispose of, the interest claimed under any inconsistent caveat.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s119
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 119
title: Effect of caveats
content:
119. —(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a caveat which is in order for notification in the land-register at the date of its lodgment takes effect from that date. (2) Where a caveat is lodged against any land which has not yet been brought under the provisions of this Act, that caveat does not operate to prohibit the registration of dealings affecting that land until it becomes registered land. [8/2014] (3) For the purposes of according priority to a caveat which has been lodged under the provisions of this Act and is amended subsequent to its date of lodgment — ( a ) where it is materially amended subsequent to its date of notification in the Caveat Index before the land becomes registered land, the caveat has priority in accordance with section 48 upon the acceptance of the amendment by the Registrar as having complied with the requirements specified by the Registrar under section 117; or ( b ) where it is materially amended at any time after its lodgment against the relevant folio, the caveat has priority upon the acceptance of the amendment by the Registrar as having complied with the requirements specified by the Registrar under section 117. (4) Except as otherwise provided for in section 129(1), the Registrar must not register any dealing which is prohibited by the caveat for so long as the caveat remains effective. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s120
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 120
title: Effect of lodgment of a dealing affecting interest claimed in a caveat
content:
120. —(1) Upon lodgment of a dealing the registration of which is prohibited by a caveat, the Registrar must serve on the caveator a notice of the Registrar’s intention, at the expiration of 30 days from the date of the service of the notice, to register the dealing, and the Registrar must so register the dealing unless within the period of 30 days — ( a ) an order has been obtained from the court extending the operation of the caveat for such further period as may be specified in the order or for such further periods as may be specified in subsequent orders made by the court and the order or a duly certified copy thereof is served on the Registrar; or ( b ) the dealing has been uplifted or withdrawn or otherwise becomes incapable of registration. [8/2014] (2) For the purpose of this section, a dealing is not deemed to have been lodged for registration until (except for the presence of a caveat) it is in order for registration. (3) Where, after the service of the notice under subsection (1), the dealing to which the notice relates is uplifted, or withdrawn, or otherwise becomes incapable of registration, the effect of the notice is cancelled and the caveat is restored to its former efficacy.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s121
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 121
title: Lapsing of caveats
content:
121. —(1) A caveat lapses and ceases to affect land — ( a ) at the expiration of the period of 30 days (or of such further period as the court may direct) from the date of the service of the notice given under section 120; or ( b ) at the expiration of 5 years from the date of the lodgment of the caveat, or where an extension is validly claimed under section 122, at the expiration of each further 5‑year period mentioned in section 122. (2) Where a dealing in favour of the caveator is lodged and accepted by the Registrar, and the caveator states either personally or by the caveator’s solicitor or attorney that the interest in the land affected under the dealing is similar to that in the caveat, the dealing may be registered by the Registrar, and upon its registration, the related caveat lapses and ceases to have any effect. (3) Despite the absence of any statement made by the caveator or by the caveator’s solicitor or attorney that the caveator’s interest is similar to that affected under the dealing as provided in subsection (2), the Registrar may register the dealing under the following circumstances: ( a ) in the case of a dealing disposing of an estate or interest in land — if the Registrar is satisfied that the estate or interest to which the caveator claims to be entitled would, on the dealing being registered, vest wholly in the caveator; ( b ) in the case of an instrument of mortgage or charge — if the Registrar is satisfied that the estate or interest which the caveator claims as mortgagee or chargee is one and the same interest mortgaged or charged in the instrument of mortgage or charge and the caveator may be registered as the mortgagee or chargee. [8/2014] (4) Where, after effecting service of a notice of the intention to register a dealing in accordance with section 120(1), the Registrar registers the dealing that does not completely dispose of the estate of the registered proprietor in the land to which the caveat relates or exhaust the intended functions of the caveat, the caveat is deemed to have lapsed only to the extent necessary to permit the registration. (5) Where a caveat has lapsed either wholly or partially, the Registrar must enter in the Caveat Index or the land‑register (as the case may be) an appropriate notification of the lapsing. (6) The lapsing of a caveat under subsection (1) does not prevent the lodgment of a fresh caveat in respect of the same matter. (7) Where a caveat has lapsed under subsection (1)( a ), any further caveat lodged in respect of the same estate or interest in land claimed under that lapsed caveat and purporting to be based on the same facts as the lapsed caveat (other than a fresh caveat lodged against any person except the caveatee named in the lapsed caveat) has no effect unless the caveator has obtained permission of the court to lodge the further caveat, and that order or a duly certified copy of that order has to accompany the further caveat when it is lodged with the Registrar. [8/2014] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (8) The Registrar need not be concerned with the validity of the further caveat mentioned in subsection (7) and if such further caveat is lodged without being accompanied by the order as mentioned in that subsection, the caveator is liable to pay compensation to any person who sustains pecuniary loss that is attributable to such an act or omission in complying with that subsection. (9) Subsection (1)( b ) also applies to a caveat which relates to land not brought under the provisions of this Act and was lodged and entered in the Caveat Index under sections 116 and 117. (10) The Registrar may, after registering the dealing under subsection (3)( a ) or ( b ), cancel the caveat.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s122
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 122
title: Extension of caveats
content:
122. —(1) At any time before a caveat has lapsed, a caveator may lodge an extension of caveat in the approved form claiming the same interest as that shown in the caveat and where such an extension of caveat has been lodged and notified in the land‑register, the caveat does not lapse until — ( a ) the expiration of a period of 5 years commencing from the date of the lodgment of the extension of caveat which was accepted and notified on the land‑register; or ( b ) where more than one extension of caveat has been lodged and notified on the land‑register before the expiration of each 5‑year period from the date of the lodgment of the last extension of caveat which was accepted and notified on the folio, the expiration of a period of 5 years from the date of the lodgment of the last extension of caveat which was accepted and notified on the folio. (2) Where an extension of caveat mentioned in subsection (1) is accepted for notification in the land‑register, the Registrar must make an appropriate notification showing clearly the relationship between the extension of caveat and the caveat affected. (3) The Registrar must not accept an extension of caveat for the purpose of extending the period of validity of a prior caveat unless the nature of the claim in the extension of caveat is the same as that disclosed in the caveat. (4) The Registrar need not be concerned to consider or enquire into the validity of each claim except to satisfy himself or herself that the claim expressed in each extension of caveat is similar to that expressed in the immediately prior caveat. (5) This section also applies to a caveat which relates to land not brought under the provisions of this Act and was lodged and entered in the Caveat Index under sections 116 and 117. (6) Where an extension of caveat is accepted for notification on the land-register, the Registrar must notify the caveatee.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s123
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 123
title: Service of notices on caveator
content:
123. —(1) Where under this Part provision is made for the service on the caveator of a notice relating to a caveat lodged under any provision of this Part, or to any proceedings in respect of such a caveat, the notice is duly served if it is served in one of the following ways: ( a ) the notice is served on the caveator personally; ( b ) the notice is left at or sent by registered post to — (i) the address specified in the caveat; (ii) where an address has been notified to the Registrar in respect of the caveat under subsection (2), that address or, if more than one address has been notified in respect of the caveat under that subsection, the last of the addresses so notified; ( c ) if the caveat was signed on behalf of the caveator by an agent other than a solicitor, the notice is left at or sent by registered post to the business or residential address in Singapore of that agent; ( d ) if the caveat was signed on behalf of the caveator by a solicitor, the notice is left or sent by registered post to the office of the solicitor in Singapore; ( e ) the notice is served in any other manner, whether by advertisement or otherwise, as the Registrar may direct in writing. [8/2014] (2) A person entitled to withdraw a caveat lodged under this Part may, at any time before the caveat is withdrawn, notify the Registrar — ( a ) using the approved form, of a change in the name of the caveator specified in the caveat; or ( b ) in writing, of a change in the address specified in the caveat for service of notices, whereupon the Registrar must record the change of name or address on the folio or in any other manner which the Registrar may direct. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s124
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 124
title: Order for security, etc.
content:
124. In any proceedings in respect of a caveat, the court may — ( a ) order that the caveator give an undertaking or security that the court considers sufficient to indemnify every person against any damage that may be sustained by reason of any disposition of the property being delayed or to answer the costs of the caveatee; ( b ) direct the Registrar to delay registering any instrument dealing with the land, mortgage or encumbrance during the time the order of the court provides; ( c ) direct the caveator to take further proceedings by action or otherwise on the caveator’s caveat; or ( d ) make any other order considered just.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s125
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 125
title: Notifications for lapsing, cancellation or extension of caveats
content:
125. The Registrar must make the appropriate notifications in the land-register or the Caveat Index of any lapsing, cancellation or extension of any caveat when such event has taken effect.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s126
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 126
title: Withdrawal of caveats
content:
126. —(1) A caveat may be withdrawn either wholly or as to part of the land thereby affected by an instrument of withdrawal signed — ( a ) by the caveator or the caveator’s authorised agent including a solicitor acting on the caveator’s behalf; ( b ) where the caveator is a natural person who has died, by his or her personal representative or the trustee of the caveator’s estate; ( c ) where 2 or more caveators claim to be entitled as joint tenants to the estate or interest protected by the caveat and one or more (but not all) of them has died, by the surviving caveator or caveators; ( d ) where the caveator is adjudicated a bankrupt, by the Official Assignee; or where the caveator is a corporation or a limited liability partnership and is in liquidation, and the estate or interest claimed by the caveator has become vested in the liquidator, by the liquidator; ( e ) where the caveator lacks capacity within the meaning of the Mental Capacity Act 2008 — (i) by a donee of a lasting power of attorney which is granted by the caveator under the Mental Capacity Act 2008, and under which the caveator confers on the donee authority to make decisions in relation to the management and care of the estate or interest claimed in the caveat; or (ii) by a deputy who is appointed or deemed to be appointed for the caveator by the court under the Mental Capacity Act 2008, and who is conferred power to make decisions in relation to the management and care of the estate or interest claimed in the caveat; or ( f ) by the solicitor acting for any of the persons mentioned in paragraphs ( b ), ( c ), ( d ) or ( e ). [21/2008; 8/2014; 16/2016] (2) The Registrar need not be concerned to satisfy himself or herself whether or not a solicitor who signs an instrument of a withdrawal of a caveat as solicitor for the caveator or for the person mentioned in subsection (1)( b ), ( c ), ( d ) or ( e ) has the authority to withdraw the caveat. (3) An instrument of withdrawal of a caveat, which is lodged with and accepted as being in order by the Registrar, takes effect from the date of the notification in the records maintained by the Registrar, either as notified in the Caveat Index or the land‑register, as the case may be.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s127
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 127
title: Remedies of caveatee
content:
127. —(1) At any time after the lodgment of a caveat, the caveatee may summon the caveator to attend before the court to show cause why the caveat should not be withdrawn or otherwise removed, and the court may make such order, whether in the absence of the caveator or otherwise, as seems just. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) A caveatee who contends that a caveat has been lodged, or is being allowed to remain, vexatiously or frivolously or not in good faith, may lodge with the Registrar an application to that effect, whereupon the Registrar must give notice to the caveator that he or she intends to cancel the notification of the caveat, and the Registrar must cancel it unless within 30 days from the date of the service of the notice an order by the court to the contrary is served on the Registrar. [8/2014] (3) In any case in which the Registrar, after giving the notice under subsection (2) to the caveator, does not cancel the notification of a caveat under this section, the Registrar must inform the caveatee that the Registrar has withdrawn or extended the time of the notice of intended cancellation, as the case may be. (4) A caveator who has been given notice under subsection (2) may, at any time during the currency of the notice, apply to the court for relief, and the court may make such order in the premises as seems just. (5) Subsections (2), (3) and (4) apply only to caveats affecting registered land. (6) For the purposes of this section, a person claiming an estate or interest in the land under another caveat is deemed to be a caveatee.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s128
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 128
title: Compensation payable for wrongfully lodging caveats, etc.
content:
128. —(1) Any person who wrongfully, vexatiously or without reasonable cause — ( a ) lodges a caveat with the Registrar; ( b ) procures the lapsing of such a caveat; or ( c ) being the caveator, refuses or fails to withdraw such a caveat after being requested to do so, is liable to pay compensation to any person who sustains pecuniary loss that is attributable to an act, a refusal or a failure referred to in paragraph ( a ), ( b ) or ( c ). (2) The compensation mentioned in subsection (1) is recoverable in proceedings taken in a court by the person who claims to have sustained the pecuniary loss. (3) A person who is a caveator is not entitled to bring proceedings under subsection (1)( b ) if that person, having had an opportunity to do so, has failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent the caveat from lapsing. (4) For the purposes of this section, a caveator is deemed to allow a caveat to remain without reasonable cause if the caveator fails to withdraw it within 7 days of the day on which the caveator’s right to the interest claimed terminates.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s129
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 129
title: Registration of dealings in land
content:
129. —(1) A subsisting caveat lodged to protect any estate or interest in land does not prohibit the registration or notification of any of the following dealings in respect of the same estate or interest in the land: ( a ) a change or correction in the name or particulars of a registered proprietor; ( b ) a transfer of land in favour of the President by way of surrender for the purpose of reissuing one or more fresh State titles; ( c ) a vesting of land under section 81 of the Housing and Development Act 1959; ( d ) a statutory vesting of mortgage under section 145(3); ( e ) a postponement of a mortgage or a charge, or a postponement of a registered mortgage or a registered charge; ( f ) a total or partial discharge of a mortgage or a charge, or a total or partial discharge of a registered mortgage or a registered charge; ( g ) a cancellation or withdrawal of the registration of a writ or an order of court under section 134 or 136; ( h ) an application for a new certificate of title or subsidiary certificate of title under section 43 or as otherwise provided under this Act; ( i ) an application for a certificate of title or subsidiary certificate of title for a leasehold estate comprised in a registered lease; ( j ) a strata title application made under the Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967; ( k ) an application for notional shares in land under section 84E of the Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967; ( l ) an application made to a Strata Titles Board, or any order made by a Strata Titles Board or the court, under Part 5A of the Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967; ( m ) a cancellation of the notification of an application for an order for collective sale made to a Strata Titles Board under Part 5A of the Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967; ( n ) an application to cancel a Registrar’s caution prohibiting assurance of a provisional lot under section 31(3) of the Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967. [8/2014] (1A) In addition, except insofar as it otherwise specifies, a subsisting caveat lodged to protect any estate or interest in land does not prohibit the registration or notification of any of the following dealings in respect of the same estate or interest in the land: ( a ) a vesting pursuant to compulsory acquisition under section 143; ( b ) a transfer of land sold under section 144; ( c ) a transfer or lease executed by a mortgagee or chargee, or a registered mortgagee, or a registered chargee, under a mortgage or charge registered or notified and subsisting prior to the lodgment and notification of the caveat in the land‑register, pursuant to a power of sale or lease contained in the mortgage or charge or conferred on the registered mortgagee or registered chargee under this Act; ( d ) a transfer of a mortgage or charge, or a registered mortgage or registered charge; ( e ) a variation of a mortgage or charge, or a registered mortgage or registered charge; ( f ) a transmission upon death of a registered proprietor, notice of death of one or more joint tenants, a transmission upon a registered proprietor being adjudicated a bankrupt or on the vesting in the Official Receiver of a corporation’s or limited liability partnership’s estate or interest in land upon the effective date of its winding up; ( g ) easements or restrictions which are not expressly prohibited by the caveat, or any variation thereof (including an extension of the duration of restrictions under section 141); ( h ) a total or partial release or extinguishment of any easements or restrictions; ( i ) in relation to a lease lodged in registrable form and accepted before the lodgment of the caveat, a dealing effected by the lessee pursuant to a right conferred by the lease or by or under any existing law; ( j ) a dealing effected by a lessee, mortgagee or chargee under a lease, mortgage or charge to the registration of which lease, mortgage or charge the caveator has consented or such lease, mortgage or charge has been made subject to the interest of the caveator as claimed in the caveat, being a dealing relating to the lease, mortgage or charge. [8/2014] (2) For the purpose of subsection (1A), where the Registrar registers a dealing that — ( a ) completely disposes of the estate of the registered proprietor in the land to which the caveat relates — the caveat lapses and ceases to have any effect; or ( b ) does not completely dispose of the estate of the registered proprietor in the land to which the caveat relates — the caveat is deemed to have lapsed only to the extent necessary to permit such registration. [8/2014] (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a registration made under section 107, 110 or 114 is deemed not to dispose completely of the estate of the registered proprietor whose estate is transmitted under those sections. (4) In this section — “mortgage”, “mortgagee” and “mortgagor” are as defined in section 69; “mortgage” includes a “submortgage”, “mortgagee” includes a “submortgagee” and “mortgagor” includes a “submortgagor”; “registered mortgage” means a mortgage registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 and notified on the land-register and includes a charge so registered and notified; and a “registered mortgagee” has the corresponding meaning as in section 69. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s130
chapter: PART 12 - CAVEATS
section: 130
title: Right to injunction not affected
content:
130. Nothing in this Part is to be construed as preventing or restricting a caveator from applying for and obtaining from a court an injunction for the purpose of — ( a ) restraining the Registrar from registering a dealing the registration of which is prohibited by the caveat; or ( b ) restraining another caveator or any party to an action or suit in which the court orders the withdrawal or removal of a caveat or in which it declines to extend the currency of a caveat from lodging another caveat in the same matter. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s131
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 131
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
131. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires — “enforcement order” means an enforcement order against land issued by a court having jurisdiction to issue such an order, and, where the context admits, includes renewal of an enforcement order and a second or subsequent enforcement order on the same judgment; [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] “order” includes any rule or decree of any court; “Sheriff” includes any officer directed by a court to execute an enforcement order against land. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] [ Deleted by Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022 ]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s132
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 132
title: Enforcement orders and orders not binding unless registered
content:
132. —(1) An enforcement order, or an order of court directing, appointing or empowering some person other than the proprietor to sell or otherwise to deal with or dispose of registered land, does not bind or affect such land until particulars of the enforcement order or order have been entered in the land‑register. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) An entry referred to in subsection (1) constitutes a memorial of registration within the meaning of section 37. (3) The person seeking registration must lodge with the Registrar a duly certified copy of the enforcement order or order together with an application indicating the titles in respect of which registration is required. [8/2014] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (4) The registration of an enforcement order or an order enables the Sheriff or other person named therein to execute instruments registrable in accordance with this Act. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (5) An enforcement order must not be registered unless it has been lodged for registration within 6 months of the date of its issue. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (6) Where an enforcement order has been registered then, until its registration has been cancelled in accordance with this Act, a renewal of that enforcement order, or a second or subsequent enforcement order on the same judgment, must not be registered. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s133
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 133
title: Dealings by judgment debtors
content:
133. —(1) The registration of an enforcement order does not prevent the lodgment of instruments executed by the judgment debtor, but any such instrument must not be registered until registration of the enforcement order has been cancelled as in this Act provided. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) A renewal of an enforcement order, or any second or subsequent enforcement order on the same judgment, must not be registered while any instrument executed by the judgment debtor is awaiting and is otherwise in order for registration. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s134
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 134
title: Lapsing of enforcement orders
content:
134. —(1) Registration of an enforcement order lapses, and the power of the Sheriff to execute registrable instruments pursuant thereto is extinguished, at the expiration of one year from the date of the registration of the enforcement order, and the land thereupon ceases to be bound thereby. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) Subsection (1) does not prevent the registration of a renewal of an enforcement order, or of a second or subsequent enforcement order issued on the same judgment. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (3) Nothing in this Act enables a judgment creditor by a succession of enforcement orders on the same judgment to bind land for an uninterrupted period exceeding one year. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (4) Upon the lapsing of the registration of an enforcement order, the Registrar must, on an application made by the proprietor or of anyone claiming through the proprietor in an approved form, cancel the registration of the enforcement order. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (5) The lapsing of the registration of an enforcement order does not prevent the registration of any instrument executed pursuant thereto and lodged for registration prior to such lapsing. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s135
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 135
title: Land sold pursuant to enforcement orders
content:
135. —(1) The interest in registered land which may be sold in execution under an enforcement order is the interest which belongs to the judgment debtor at the date of the registration of the enforcement order. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) For the purpose of determining the interest in land which belongs to a judgment debtor — ( a ) any interest in that land purported to be created subsequent to the date of the registration of the enforcement order; and [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( b ) any interest in that land created prior to the date of the registration of the enforcement order, and not notified in the land-register nor protected by caveat at least 3 clear days before the date of the sale, is void against a purchaser of the land at the sale in execution under the enforcement order. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (3) Land must not be sold in an execution under an enforcement order until the expiration of 30 days from the date of the registration of the enforcement order. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (4) Where land is sold under this section, a transfer must be lodged in favour of the purchaser, and where the existing certificate of title for the land is not presented with the transfer, the Registrar must cancel the existing folio and create a new folio in favour of the transferee. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s136
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 136
title: Withdrawal and satisfaction of enforcement orders and orders
content:
136. —(1) An enforcement order or order of court may be withdrawn by the judgment creditor or other person for whose benefit it was issued, and the Registrar must, upon receipt of an application made in the approved form, cancel the registration of that enforcement order or order of court. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) Upon production to him or her of sufficient evidence of the satisfaction of an enforcement order, the Registrar must cancel the registration thereof. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (3) Before registering a withdrawal or a satisfaction of an enforcement order, the Registrar may require evidence that the enforcement order has not been put in force. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s137
chapter: PART 13 - ENFORCEMENT ORDERS AND ORDERS OF COURT
section: 137
title: Vesting orders
content:
137. —(1) In all cases where a vesting order affecting registered land would be made under the Trustees Act 1967, the court may, in accordance with section 51 of that Act, make an order appointing a person to execute such transfers or other instruments as may be necessary to give effect to the vesting. (2) After the registration of that order under section 132, any instrument so executed has effect as if it had been executed by such proprietors of the land intended to be dealt with thereunder as would be necessary to pass the registered title of the estate or interest in question.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s138
chapter: PART 14 - RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
section: 138
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
138. In this Part — “dominant land” means the land to which the benefit of a restriction is annexed; “restriction” means a restriction on the user of registered land created expressly by a covenant other than a covenant contained in a mortgage, charge or lease; “servient land” means the land subject to the burden of a restriction.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s139
chapter: PART 14 - RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
section: 139
title: Notification of restrictions
content:
139. —(1) Any proprietor entitled to burden registered land with restrictions may do so by an instrument in the approved form and, subject to this section, the Registrar must enter a notification of the restrictions on the folio comprising the servient land. (2) Unless so notified a restriction does not bind assigns of the land affected thereby. (3) The Registrar must not enter a notification of any such instrument unless — ( a ) obligations which it purports to create are negative or restrictive; and ( b ) the instrument clearly indicates the dominant and servient land. (4) The Registrar may refuse to enter a notification of an instrument purporting to create a restriction if the obligations contained in the instrument are in part positive or affirmative. (5) An instrument containing a restraint on the right of a proprietor to alienate or otherwise to dispose of land must not be notified on the land‑register under this section. (6) The notification of an instrument containing a restriction which would not have been binding on assigns of the servient land does not give the instrument any greater operation or effect than it would have had without that notification. (7) The Registrar must not enter on the folio a notification of any restriction contained in an instrument executed before the servient land was brought under the provisions of this Act unless the restriction appears to be enforceable wholly or in part against assigns of that land. (8) The Registrar may, upon the application of the proprietor of the servient land, or of his or her own motion, cancel the notification of an instrument creating a restriction which has become unenforceable against assigns of that land, or which for any reason should not have been notified.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s140
chapter: PART 14 - RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
section: 140
title: Release and variation of restrictions
content:
140. —(1) The burden of a restriction may be released wholly or in part, and the obligation created by a restriction may be varied, by an instrument in the approved form executed by the proprietor for the time being of the dominant land and by any person having a registered interest in that land. (2) Upon application by the proprietor of the servient land, the Registrar must enter a notification of that instrument on the relevant folio. (3) Where the dominant land is not under the provisions of this Act, the Registrar need not be concerned to investigate the title to that land. (4) The entry of a notification of an instrument of release or variation does not give the instrument any greater operation or effect than it would have had without such entry. (5) Without prejudice to subsection (1), upon the application of any person interested in land affected by a restriction, the court has power, by order, wholly or partially, to extinguish or vary the restriction, upon being satisfied — ( a ) that by reason of a change of use of the land affected, as approved by planning permission within the meaning of the Planning Act 1998, the continued existence of the restriction will impede the development of the land for public or private purposes; or ( b ) that the proposed extinguishment or variation will not materially injure the person entitled to the benefit of the restriction. [8/2014] (6) An order extinguishing or varying a restriction under subsection (5) may direct the applicant to pay to any person entitled to the benefit of the restriction such sum by way of compensation as the court may think just to award under one, but not both, of the following heads: ( a ) a sum to make up for any loss or disadvantage suffered by that person in consequence of the extinguishment or variation; ( b ) a sum to make up for any effect which the restriction had at the time when it was imposed in reducing the consideration then received for the land affected by it. (7) On an application to the court under subsection (5), the court is to give any necessary directions as to the persons who are or who are not to be admitted (as appearing to be entitled to the benefit of the restriction) to oppose the application. (8) Any order made under subsection (5) is binding on all persons whether ascertained or of full age and capacity or not, then entitled, or thereafter capable of becoming entitled, to the benefit of any restriction which is extinguished, varied or dealt with, and whether those persons are parties to the proceedings or have been served with notice or not. (9) An order may be made under subsection (5) notwithstanding that any instrument which is alleged to impose the restriction intended to be extinguished, varied or dealt with may not have been produced to the court and the court may act on such evidence as it may think sufficient. (10) For the purposes of subsection (5), the court may dispense with personal service and may order service to be effected by an advertisement in any one or more daily newspapers or in such other manner as the court thinks fit. (11) The Registrar must enter on the relevant folio a notification of any order of court extinguishing wholly or in part a restriction already notified thereon, or varying the provisions of such a restriction, if the order or a duly certified copy thereof is produced to him or her for that purpose and upon entry of the notification, the restriction is extinguished or varied to that extent. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s141
chapter: PART 14 - RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
section: 141
title: Duration of restrictions
content:
141. —(1) Unless extended in the manner provided by this section, a restriction (other than a restriction mentioned in subsection (2)) ceases to be enforceable against assigns of the servient land at the expiry of 20 years from the date of entry of a notification thereof on the land‑register. (2) Where a restriction was created before bringing the servient land under the provisions of this Act and the owner of the servient land is not the covenantor, the restriction ceases (unless extended in the manner provided by this section) to be enforceable against the owner or assigns of the servient land at — ( a ) the expiry of 20 years from the date of creation of the restriction; ( b ) the expiry of 5 years from the date of entry of a notification thereof on the land‑register; or ( c ) the expiry of 24 months from 20 August 2001, whichever expires the latest. (3) A notification on the land‑register in respect of any restriction must be cancelled by the Registrar after the restriction ceases to be enforceable under subsection (1) or (2). [8/2014] (4) A restriction which has not become unenforceable may from time to time be extended by an instrument in the approved form executed by any person having an interest in the dominant land and entitled to the benefit of the restriction, and the Registrar must notify any such extension on each folio on which the restriction is notified, and on the document of title if produced for that purpose. [8/2014] (5) Each instrument of extension may prolong the duration of a restriction for a period of 10 years from the date on which the instrument of extension has been notified in the land-register. (6) Where for any reason (other than the expiration of the period referred to in subsection (1) and of any extension of that period) a restriction would have become unenforceable, an instrument of extension does not prolong the duration of the restriction beyond the time for which it would otherwise have enured. (7) Where the dominant land is not under the provisions of this Act, the Registrar, for the purpose of entering a notification of any instrument of extension executed by a person claiming to have an interest in that land, need not be concerned to investigate the title to that land. (8) A notification of any instrument of extension mentioned in subsection (7) does not prolong the duration of the restriction unless the person executing the instrument of extension was, at the relevant time, entitled to the interest which the person claimed to have. (9) Any restriction extended under this section enures for the benefit of every person who, during the period of the extension, is entitled to an interest in the dominant land.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s142
chapter: PART 15 - STATUTORY ACQUISITION AND SALE
section: 142
title: Statutory obligations
content:
142. —(1) For the purposes of this section, “statutory obligation” means — ( a ) any charge on land; and ( b ) any order, award, determination, notification, resolution, by‑law or proclamation affecting the title to or restricting or otherwise affecting the user of land or prescribing or authorising any act or thing to be done on land, under the provisions of any written law or regulations made thereunder, and which is intended to bind successive owners of the land. (2) A statutory obligation intended to affect registered land may be notified by lodging with the Registrar an instrument of statutory obligation in the approved form. (3) The Registrar must give effect to the statutory obligation by entering a notification of the particulars thereof on the relevant folio or other document of title claimed to be affected by the statutory obligation, and on the document of title if produced for that purpose. [8/2014] (4) The notification of an instrument of statutory obligation does not give the statutory obligation any greater operation or effect than it would have had without such notification, nor any greater effect than is claimed for it in the instrument. (5) Nothing in this section affects the personal liability of the proprietor of land affected by a statutory obligation at the time when the liability was first incurred or the statutory obligation first attached. (6) A statutory obligation relating to a rate or tax may not be notified under this section unless the amount due exceeds the sum of $500 or 10% of the value of the land on which it is charged. (7) Where any money due under a statutory obligation is in arrears, there may be added to the amount due the costs of notification of an instrument of statutory obligation. (8) This section does not apply to any statutory obligation or class of statutory obligations which may from time to time be exempted from its application by rules made under section 172.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s143
chapter: PART 15 - STATUTORY ACQUISITION AND SALE
section: 143
title: Compulsory acquisition of registered land
content:
143. —(1) For the purposes of this section, “public authority” means the Government, the Collector, and any other person, corporation or body, authorised or empowered by any written law to acquire land compulsorily. (2) Where registered land has been acquired by any public authority otherwise than by purchase or agreement, an instrument of acquisition in the approved form, executed by that authority or by an officer appointed by the authority in that behalf, may be lodged with the Registrar. [8/2014] (3) The Registrar need not be concerned to inquire into the regularity or validity of the acquisition, but upon registration thereof the estate or interest acquired vests in the public authority according to the tenor of the instrument of acquisition. (4) On registration of an instrument of acquisition, the Registrar must cancel the registration of all encumbrances including any mortgage, charge or lease thereby overreached and must, if so requested, cancel the folio (and the certificate of title thereof if produced for that purpose) and must create a new folio for the estate or interest not affected by the acquisition. (5) Whenever a public authority that has become the proprietor of registered land so requests, the Registrar must endorse on the relevant folio a notification to the effect that the land has become vested in the Government as State land, and has ceased to be subject to the provisions of this Act.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s144
chapter: PART 15 - STATUTORY ACQUISITION AND SALE
section: 144
title: Sale of land for revenue or rates
content:
144. —(1) Where registered land is sold under — ( a ) Part 2 of the Land Revenue Collection Act 1940; or ( b ) section 39 of the Property Tax Act 1960, the Collector or the Comptroller of Property Tax (as the case may be) may execute a transfer in the approved form, and neither the purchaser of the land nor the Registrar need be concerned to inquire whether the provisions of the relevant Act relating to the sale or transfer have been complied with, nor otherwise to inquire into the regularity or validity of the sale or transfer. (2) Upon registration of that transfer, the land vests in the transferee for the estate therein set forth, freed and discharged from all trusts, obligations, estates, interests, charges and rates that have not been entered in the memorandum of prior encumbrances in the transfer, but subject to any subsisting exceptions, reservations, covenants and conditions contained or implied in the State title. [8/2014] (3) Where the existing certificate of title for the land is not presented with the transfer, the Registrar must cancel the existing folio and must create a new folio in favour of the transferee. (4) Section 14(1), (2) and (4) of the Land Revenue Collection Act 1940 does not apply to transfers pursuant to this section.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s145
chapter: PART 15 - STATUTORY ACQUISITION AND SALE
section: 145
title: Statutory vesting not elsewhere provided for
content:
145. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), whenever by the operation of any Act, either directly or by reason of anything done in pursuance thereof, registered land becomes vested in some person other than the proprietor, either alone or jointly or in common with the proprietor, the Registrar must, upon application by that person and upon such evidence as the Registrar considers sufficient, enter in the land‑register a memorial of registration of the vesting. (2) This section does not apply to any vesting for the registration of which express provision is made by this Act. (3) Despite subsection (1), where a certificate of approval has been issued under section 14A of the Banking Act 1970 effecting a bank merger, the Registrar must, upon application in an approved form by the bank issued with the certificate of approval and accompanied by such evidence as the Registrar considers sufficient, enter in the land‑register a notification of the vesting of the mortgages transferred to that bank under the provisions of the Second Schedule to the Banking Act 1970. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s146
chapter: PART 16 - POWERS OF ATTORNEY
section: 146
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
146. In this Part, “attorney” means any person appointed by an instrument under seal to act as the agent for or on behalf of a principal in relation to transactions with registered land, whether the agent is called attorney, receiver, broker, factor or otherwise and, where the context admits, “power” means the instrument by which an attorney is appointed.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s147
chapter: PART 16 - POWERS OF ATTORNEY
section: 147
title: Registration of instruments executed by attorneys
content:
147. —(1) On lodgment for registration of any instrument executed by an attorney, the Registrar may require the power of attorney or a duly certified copy thereof to be exhibited to him or her, and in case of doubt, or where the Registrar suspects impropriety, may require the execution of the power to be proved. [8/2014] (2) Where a power of attorney has been deposited in the Registry of the Supreme Court under section 48 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886, no further proof of execution is required by the Registrar. (3) Before registering any instrument executed by an attorney, the Registrar may require either — ( a ) that the power of attorney or a true copy thereof be deposited in the Registry of the Supreme Court under section 48 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886; or ( b ) that a duly certified copy delivered out of the Supreme Court under section 48 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act 1886 be lodged in the Land Titles Registry for inspection or for permanent record. [8/2014] (4) As between an attorney and any purchaser from the attorney of registered land, and despite any agreement or stipulation to the contrary, there is implied an undertaking by the attorney to comply, at the attorney’s own expense (or that of the attorney’s principal), with all reasonable requirements of the Registrar made under this section.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s148
chapter: PART 16 - POWERS OF ATTORNEY
section: 148
title: Exoneration of purchasers
content:
148. —(1) In favour of a purchaser of registered land claiming through an instrument executed by an attorney, the power under which the attorney purports to act is presumed to be in full force and effect at the time of such execution unless the purchaser, prior to completion of the purchase, has received notice of the revocation of the power, and the Registrar need not be concerned to inquire as to whether or not any such notice was received. (2) This section does not operate to prolong the duration of a power which is expressed to terminate on a specified day, nor does it validate any act of the attorney done after that day. (3) An attorney who purports to act in exercise of a power after the attorney has received notice of its revocation is liable to the same penalties as if the attorney had made a statutory declaration that, at the time of so purporting to act, the power had not been revoked. (4) Nothing in this section prejudices the right of a principal to recover damages from, or to institute other proceedings against, an agent who has exceeded the agent’s authority.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s149
chapter: PART 16 - POWERS OF ATTORNEY
section: 149
title: General attorneys
content:
149. —(1) Where in a power the attorney is described as the “general attorney” of the principal, the attorney is to be presumed by purchasers of registered land to have power to do all things the doing of which could lawfully be delegated by the principal. (2) This section applies only — ( a ) to powers executed within Singapore; and ( b ) to powers executed outside Singapore which are expressed to be made pursuant to this section. (3) The generality of the authority of an attorney who has been appointed a “general attorney” is not restricted by reason of the fact that the instrument appointing the attorney also confers specific powers. (4) A general attorney may be appointed in relation to one or more specified items of property, and the attorney’s authority as general attorney, and the exoneration conferred by this section, is restricted to those items.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s150
chapter: PART 16 - POWERS OF ATTORNEY
section: 150
title: Investigation and registration fees
content:
150. —(1) Any purchaser of registered land from an attorney who is not a “general attorney” within the meaning of section 149 is entitled to be paid by the attorney — ( a ) the sum of $100 towards the costs of investigating title; and ( b ) any additional registration fee which may be prescribed for instruments executed by attorneys. (2) Any agreement, condition or stipulation in contravention of this section is void. (3) Where an attorney proves to the satisfaction of the Registrar that the power under which the attorney acts is likely to be used in a series or course of similar transactions, and that complications are not likely to arise in the interpretation of the power, the Registrar may, by an endorsement on the power or a duly certified copy thereof, exempt all transactions or any particular kind or kinds of transactions from this section, and thereupon, for the duration and within the limits of that exemption, additional fees or costs as prescribed by this section are not payable. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s151
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 151
title: Assurance fund
content:
151. —(1) From the fees which are collected by the Registrar under this Act, the Authority must set apart the proportion prescribed from time to time by rules made under this Act to constitute an assurance fund, from which are to be paid — ( a ) any sum necessary to compensate claimants under section 155; and ( b ) any other disbursements that are directed or authorised to be paid, or expressed to be recoverable, from that fund. (2) The Registrar may authorise payment from the assurance fund of any claim for compensation not exceeding $1,000. (3) A claim for compensation exceeding $1,000 may be paid from the assurance fund only on the authority in writing of the Minister or on a determination by the court. (4) If the amount to the credit of the assurance fund is inadequate to meet any claim, the deficiency is charged on and paid out of the Consolidated Fund. (5) The assurance fund is not liable to compensate any person suffering loss, damage or deprivation occasioned by the breach by a proprietor of any trust.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s152
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 152
title: Registrar may be summoned for refusal to register instruments, etc.
content:
152. —(1) If, upon the application of any person to have land brought under the provisions of this Act, or to have any instrument registered or notified, or to have any certificate of title or other instrument issued, or to have performed or done by the Registrar any act or duty which by this Act is prescribed to be performed or done by him or her, the Registrar refuses to comply therewith, or if that person is dissatisfied with any requisition made or direction given by the Registrar which the Registrar refuses to withdraw, the person may — ( a ) require the Registrar to set forth in writing under his or her hand the grounds of his or her refusal; and ( b ) if the person thinks fit, summon the Registrar to appear before the court to substantiate and uphold the grounds of his or her refusal. (2) Such a summons is to be issued under the hand of a judge of the court and served upon the Registrar at least 6 clear days before the day appointed for hearing the complaint of that person, and at the hearing, counsel for the Registrar has the right of reply. (3) The court may, if any question of fact is involved, direct an issue to be tried to decide that fact, and the court may make such order in the circumstances as the case may require, and the Registrar must obey that order. (4) Upon any summons or proceedings under this section, the court may make such order as to costs and expenses as it thinks just, and any costs or expenses to be paid by the Registrar are to be paid out of the assurance fund.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s153
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 153
title: Registrar may state a case
content:
153. —(1) Whenever any question of difficulty arises with regard to the performance of the duties, or the exercise of the functions, of the Registrar, he or she may state a case for the opinion of the court, and the court may give its judgment thereon, and that judgment is binding on the Registrar. (2) In order that a case stated under this section may be fully argued, the court may, upon the application of the Registrar, or of any person interested in the subject matter of the case, or of any other person or body to whom the court may give permission, certify that a question of public importance is involved and that the costs of the suit, or of some of the persons appearing in the suit, are to be paid out of the assurance fund. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s154
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 154
title: Actions for recovery of land
content:
154. —(1) No action of ejectment or other action for the recovery of registered land lies or may be sustained against the proprietor thereof except in the case of — ( a ) a mortgagee against a mortgagor in default; ( b ) a chargee against a chargor in default; ( c ) a lessor against a lessee in default; ( d ) a person deprived of land by fraud against the person who has become registered as proprietor of the land by fraud, or against any person claiming through that proprietor otherwise than as a purchaser; or ( e ) a re-entry or forfeiture upon breach of a covenant or condition contained or implied in a State title. [8/2014] (2) In any action under this section, the court may make such order for the cancellation of any folio or of any entry therein, or for the recovery of possession of the land, as the circumstances of the case may require. (3) In any action based on fraudulent deprivation, the court may make an order for payment of damages either in addition to or in substitution for an order for the recovery of land. (4) On making an order under this section, the court is to have regard to any improvements which may have been made to the land subsequently to the deprivation, and to the conduct of the parties, and may, if it sees fit, put the successful party on terms of paying compensation. (5) For the purposes of this section, any unlawful acquisition of land, whether by a person purporting to act under statutory authority or otherwise, is deemed to be fraudulent.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s155
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 155
title: Actions for recovery of damages
content:
155. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), any person who is deprived of land or sustains loss or damage through any omission, mistake or misfeasance of the Registrar, or any member of the Registrar’s staff, in the bringing of the land under the provisions of this Act or in the registration of any instrument, and who is barred by this Act from bringing any action for the recovery of land, proceeds of the sale of land, moneys secured by a registered mortgage or interests protected by a caveat notified on a folio, may bring an action for the recovery of damages against the assurance fund. (2) In any action for the recovery of damages or compensation, whether for deprivation or for error or otherwise, the court is to take into consideration the fact that the claimant’s own neglect, default or incaution may have caused or contributed to the deprivation, loss or damage, and in any such case may withhold or abate damages or compensation accordingly. (3) No compensation is to be paid out of the assurance fund under any circumstances for any loss, damage or deprivation occasioned by — ( a ) the issue of a qualified folio for the land brought under the provisions of this Act; ( b ) any incorrect description of the parcels, the boundaries or dimensions (including area) of any land provided by the Chief Surveyor or any incorrect particulars of the alienation of the land forwarded by the Collector to the Registrar; or ( c ) any incorrect description or lack of description of the parcels or dimensions (including area) of any land or a strata lot where no survey has been carried out. (4) For the purposes of this section, any person who may bring an action for the recovery of land, proceeds of sale of land or moneys secured by a registered mortgage or charge, or interests protected by a caveat notified on a folio is deemed not to have been deprived of the land or suffered any loss or damage, as the case may be. (5) Any person in respect of whom a folio has been created for the person’s land under any of the provisions of this Act is deemed to be the person by whom the land comprised in that folio was brought under the provisions of this Act and who derived benefit therefrom. (6) On receipt of a notice, the Registrar is entitled to appear in any such action and may offer to compensate any party to the action out of the assurance fund. (7) On any such offer being made, further action is limited to determination of the compensation to be paid.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s156
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 156
title: Procedure in actions against assurance fund
content:
156. —(1) Any person intending to claim against the assurance fund must, not less than 14 days before the commencement of the action, serve notice of the person’s claim on the Registrar as nominal defendant, stating the grounds on which the person’s claim is made and the amount claimed. (2) The Registrar may tender in settlement of the claim the amount claimed or any lesser amount, and if the claimant rejects that tender and fails later to recover damages exceeding the amount tendered by 20% of that amount, the claimant must pay, in addition to the claimant’s own costs, the costs of the Registrar in defending the action. (3) If in any such action the claimant recovers final judgment against the Registrar, then the court is to certify the fact of the judgment and the amount of damages and costs recovered, and the amount of those damages and (except as provided in subsection (2)) those costs must be — ( a ) paid to the person recovering them; and ( b ) charged to the account of the assurance fund. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (4) In all other cases, the Registrar’s costs are payable by the claimant. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (5) Despite anything to the contrary in section 155, any person deprived of land to a value of not more than $1,000, or sustaining loss or damage of not more than that amount, may claim against the assurance fund in the first instance and the Registrar may settle or compound the claim.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s157
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 157
title: Protection of bona fide purchasers, Authority and Registrar
content:
157. —(1) Despite anything in this Act, no purchaser who has become a proprietor may be subject to action for the recovery of land or of money on the plea that the purchaser’s vendor, or any predecessor in title, may have acted in bad faith. [8/2014] (2) Neither the Authority, the Registrar nor any person acting under the Authority’s or the Registrar’s authority shall be personally liable in respect of any action, suit or proceeding in respect of any act or matter in good faith done or omitted to be done in the administration of this Act.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s158
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 158
title: Limitation of actions for damages
content:
158. —(1) No action under section 155 shall lie unless such action is commenced within 12 years from the date on which the deprivation occurred or the loss or damage was sustained. (2) Where an action for deprivation, loss or damage has been commenced against any person within the period of 12 years mentioned in subsection (1), an action against the assurance fund for the same cause may be commenced within one year after the discontinuance of the former action, even though the period of 12 years may have expired. (3) Any person under the disability of infancy or mental incapacity may bring such an action within 12 years of the date on which the disability ceases. (4) Despite this section, the Authority may, with the Minister’s approval, waive any immunity of the assurance fund conferred by this Act.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s159
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 159
title: Correction of errors in land-register
content:
159. —(1) The Registrar may, upon such evidence as appears to him or her sufficient, correct errors and omissions in the land‑register. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Registrar, of his or her own motion, or at the request of the aggrieved proprietor, may — ( a ) correct any folio which is erroneous because of the entry of a misspelt name, or of the inclusion of land already included in a prior folio, or of the wrong description of parcels or of the boundaries or dimensions (including the area) of the land; ( b ) correct any erroneous entry or endorsement in the land‑register; ( c ) add to the land-register any matter which has been erroneously omitted; or ( d ) where it is not practicable to make corrections to any folio, cancel the folio and create a new folio with the corrections made thereon. (3) Any correction to a manual folio must be made in such manner as to leave the erroneous matter legible and show the date the correction was made and must be authenticated by the Registrar’s signature or initials and any correction to a computer folio must be made in such manner as to show the exact nature of the correction and the date of the correction. (4) In any case in which the Registrar corrects the land‑register, he or she must have regard to any improvements to the land which may have been made since the occurrence of the error and, where 2 or more titles are involved, he or she may correct that folio, entry or endorsement which in his or her opinion involves the least loss to the assurance fund. (5) Any person who, having dealt on the faith of an erroneous registration, has suffered loss or damage by the exercise of the power conferred on the Registrar by this section is, subject to section 158, entitled to be compensated from the assurance fund for the land of which the person has been deprived and for any improvement made thereon by the person or by any predecessor in title, and may bring an action for the recovery of such compensation. (6) Any person having custody of a certificate of title, subsidiary certificate of title or duplicate lease required for correction may be summoned by the Registrar to deliver that certificate of title, subsidiary certificate of title or duplicate lease to the Registrar, and upon that person refusing or neglecting to do so, the Registrar may apply to the court for an order requiring that person to show cause why the certificate of title, subsidiary certificate of title or duplicate lease should not be so delivered, and the court may make such order as the circumstances of the case require. [8/2014] (7) When any person so summoned neglects or refuses to show cause, or to deliver up the certificate of title, subsidiary certificate of title or duplicate lease, as directed by the court, the Registrar may, if the circumstances of the case so require, issue a new certificate of title or a new subsidiary certificate of title in the same manner, and having the same effect, as provided by section 43 in the case of certificates of title, subsidiary certificates of title or duplicate leases which have been lost, mislaid, destroyed or that are being improperly or wrongfully withheld. [8/2014] (8) In this section, “correction” includes cancellation and the addition of matter which has been omitted. (9) For the purposes of section 158, time does not run against any person entitled to compensation for loss or damage by reason of a correction under this section until the Registrar has given the person notice that the correction has been made.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s160
chapter: PART 17 - CIVIL RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
section: 160
title: Rectification of land-register by court
content:
160. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), the court may order rectification of the land-register by directing that any registration be cancelled or amended in any of the following cases: ( a ) where 2 or more persons have, by mistake, been registered as proprietors of the same registered estate or interest in the land comprised in a folio; ( b ) where the court is satisfied that any registration or notification of an instrument has been obtained through fraud, omission or mistake; ( c ) where the court has declared that any instrument which purports to pass any estate or interest in any residential property within the meaning of the Residential Property Act 1976 is void under section 24 of that Act. (2) The land-register must not be rectified so as to affect the registered estate or interest of a proprietor who is in possession unless that proprietor is a party or privy to the omission, fraud or mistake in consequence of which the rectification is sought, or has caused that omission, fraud or mistake or substantially contributed thereto by that proprietor’s act, neglect or default. (3) Subsection (2) does not apply in the circumstances referred to in subsection (1)( c ).


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s161
chapter: PART 18 - SEARCHES AND CERTIFIED COPIES
section: 161
title: Searches by public
content:
161. —(1) Subject to this section, any person may, upon payment of the prescribed fee, have access to the land‑register for the purpose of inspection and search on such days and during such hours and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. (2) Subject to subsection (3), a search made does not extend to original instruments except those evidencing the current proprietorship and subsisting encumbrances. (3) Where instruments and related documents have been microfilmed or imaged by the Registrar, any person making a search must not be permitted to inspect at the Land Titles Registry the original instruments forming part of the land‑register or filed with the Registrar but may apply for a microprint or a print‑out of such instruments. [8/2014] (4) A search extends only to such electronic instruments as the Registrar may determine.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s162
chapter: PART 18 - SEARCHES AND CERTIFIED COPIES
section: 162
title: Official searches
content:
162. —(1) Any person may apply in the approved form for an official search in the land‑register to be made on the person’s behalf. (2) Upon receipt of such an application, the Registrar must cause a diligent search to be made, and must issue a certificate of the result of that search to the person requiring it. (3) Any purchaser for whom or on whose behalf an official search is obtained, and who suffers loss or damage by reason of any error in, or omission from, that official search, may recover compensation from the assurance fund. (4) A solicitor for whom or on whose behalf an official search has been obtained is not answerable for any loss or damage which may arise from any error in, or omission from, that official search. (5) An official search must be sent by registered post, or delivered manually or by fax to the applicant as the applicant may require.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s163
chapter: PART 18 - SEARCHES AND CERTIFIED COPIES
section: 163
title: Priority affected by final official searches
content:
163. —(1) The Registrar may issue a final official search to any person who wishes to close the land‑register, and who satisfies the Registrar (whether by production of an acknowledgment from the proprietor or otherwise) that the person is a purchaser of the land in respect of which the search is required. (2) The Registrar must make an entry in the land‑register of the day and hour of posting, fax or manual delivery of a final official search. (3) Upon an entry made under subsection (2), no instrument affecting the land to which the search relates (other than an instrument in favour of the applicant) which is lodged for registration within the period of 7 days next ensuing upon the entry may be registered or notified until the expiration of that period, or until the registration of an instrument in favour of the applicant, whichever is the earlier. (4) Upon the expiration of that period of 7 days, or upon registration of the instrument in favour of the applicant (whichever is the earlier), instruments affecting the land to which the final official search relates must be registered or notified in the manner directed by section 37. (5) A person who has obtained a final official search is not entitled to obtain any further final official search relating to the same land until the expiration of 8 days from the time of posting, fax or delivery of the final official search.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s164
chapter: PART 18 - SEARCHES AND CERTIFIED COPIES
section: 164
title: Certified copies: Value as evidence
content:
164. —(1) Subject to subsection (4), the Registrar, upon payment of the prescribed fee, must furnish to any person applying for it a certified copy of any instrument registered under the provisions of this Act, or which is in his or her custody and is the subject of a notification on the land-register. (2) Every such certified copy signed by the Registrar and sealed with his or her seal shall be received in evidence in any court, or before any person having by law or by consent of parties authority to receive evidence, as prima facie proof of all the matters contained in or entered on the original instrument. (3) A print-out of any information (other than computer folios) stored in a computer in the Land Titles Registry issued by the Registrar and bearing a facsimile of the Registrar’s seal shall be received in evidence in any court, or before any person having authority by law or by consent of parties to receive evidence, as prima facie proof of all the matters contained in or entered on any instrument filed in the Land Titles Registry. [4/2012] (4) Subsection (1) applies only to such electronic instruments as the Registrar may determine.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s165
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 165
title: Subdivision of registered land
content:
165. —(1) Except as provided in this section, the Registrar must not register any instrument affecting part of the land in a folio until he or she is satisfied that the boundaries and dimensions of part of the land in a folio described in an instrument are in accordance with the final boundaries and dimensions shown in the plan lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998. [37/2004] (2) Where the Registrar has created a new folio pursuant to a registration of part of the land which is not conclusive as to boundaries and dimensions, the Registrar must enter thereon a caution to that effect, and must cancel that caution when the boundaries and dimensions have been shown on the plan lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor. (3) No compensation is to be paid out of the assurance fund for any loss caused or occasioned by any inaccuracy of the boundaries and dimensions shown on a folio which bears a caution as is provided in subsection (2). (4) Nothing in this section prevents the entry of a caveat, nor the registration of — ( a ) an easement; ( aa ) a lease mentioned in section 4(2)( a ) or ( b ) of the Planning Act 1998; ( b ) a mortgage or charge; or ( c ) any other instrument or class of instruments which may from time to time be prescribed. [8/2014]


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s166
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 166
title: Trusts
content:
166. —(1) A person named in an instrument as acquiring registered land in a fiduciary capacity may be described in that capacity and the instrument may disclose brief particulars of the trust relating to the consideration paid and for providing that the person named assumes liability only to the extent of an estate or interest of which the person is a trustee. (2) The Registrar must not enter particulars of the trust except that he or she may describe the person having fiduciary capacity as a trustee in a folio or the relevant instrument but the description of a person as trustee in the folio or the instrument does not affect the operation of section 47. (3) Subject to the provisions of any caveat affecting the land, a registered proprietor of an estate or interest who is a trustee holds the estate or interest on trust for the persons and purposes to which it is applicable by virtue of the instrument creating the trust. (4) Any purchaser dealing with the registered land which is held in a fiduciary capacity need not be concerned to enquire whether a dealing of that land is within the powers of the registered proprietor and the purchaser is entitled to assume that the registered proprietor has all the powers of disposition of a beneficial owner and as the absolute proprietor of the estate or interest in question.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s167
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 167
title: Exoneration of Authority and Registrar
content:
167. —(1) Where by any Act or instrument or by law any person is exonerated from inquiring as to any matter or fact relating to a title to, or to a power of dealing with, land, or is protected from the effect of notice of any such matter or fact, then, in registering any instrument relating to that land, the Registrar need not be concerned to make any inquiry or search in relation to that land which that person need not have made, nor is the Registrar affected by any notice with which that person need not have been affected. [8/2014] (2) No action or claim may be brought against the Authority, the Registrar or against the assurance fund in respect of a deprivation or loss arising out of any matter into which the Registrar is exonerated from inquiring.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s168
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 168
title: Fees and accounts
content:
168. The Registrar is responsible for collecting such fees as are by this Act directed to be paid, and for accounting for them to the Authority, or as otherwise directed by rules made under this Act.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s169
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 169
title: Offences and penalties
content:
169. —(1) Any person who — ( a ) fraudulently procures, assists in fraudulently procuring, or is privy to the fraudulent procuring of any certificate of title or other instrument, or of any entry in the land‑register, or any alteration or erasure of, or addition to, any entry in the land‑register, or in any instrument or form issued by the Registrar; ( b ) fraudulently uses, assists in fraudulently using, or is privy to the fraudulent usage of any instrument or form purporting to be issued or authorised by the Registrar; ( c ) knowingly misleads or deceives any person authorised by this Act to demand explanation or information with respect to any land, or the title to any land, which is the subject of a primary application or with respect to which any instrument is proposed to be registered or notified; or ( d ) fraudulently removes from the Land Titles Registry any part of the land‑register or any instrument issued by the Registrar, or causes any defacement, obliteration, mutilation, or unauthorised entry or alteration to be made thereto, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $25,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or to both. [8/2014] (2) No proceeding or conviction for any act made punishable by subsection (1) affects any remedy which any person aggrieved or injured by that act may be entitled to against the person who committed the act or against the person’s estate.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s170
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 170
title: Composition of offences
content:
170. —(1) The Registrar or any person authorised by the Registrar in writing may compound any offence under this Act which is prescribed as a compoundable offence by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding $2,000. (2) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules to prescribe the offences which may be compounded. (3) On payment of the sum, no further proceedings are to be taken against that person in respect of the offence. (4) All sums collected under this section must be paid into the funds of the Authority.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s171
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 171
title: Fees to be paid to Authority
content:
171. All fees collected by the Registrar or the Land Titles Registry for any matter or thing done therein under this Act must be paid into the funds of the Authority.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s172
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 172
title: Rules
content:
172. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make rules not inconsistent with this Act prescribing all matters which are required or permitted to be prescribed, or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed, for carrying out or giving effect to this Act and, in particular, the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make rules — ( a ) prescribing standard covenants and conditions for mortgages limited to the rights and obligations over the mortgaged property; and ( b ) prescribing the fees to be taken in the Land Titles Registry for any matter or thing done therein under this or any other Act (including any fees that may be required to be borne by solicitors themselves relating to additional work done by the Registry in relation to instruments lodged and rejected and fresh instruments or amended instruments lodged after such date of rejection), and when and by whom such fees may be dispensed with or remitted. (2) The Authority may make rules regulating the practice of the Land Titles Registry in relation to matters arising under this Act. (3) All rules made under this Act must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette .


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s173
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 173
title: Saving of rights
content:
173. To avoid doubt, it is declared that nothing in this Act affects the rights conferred on the Public Utilities Board by section 6 of and the Second Schedule to the Public Utilities Act 2001 and by section 4 of the Sewerage and Drainage Act 1999 and the Commissioner of Building Control by sections 27, 28, 29 and 32 of the Street Works Act 1995.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s174
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 174
title: Savings
content:
174. —(1) A reference in this Act to land brought under the provisions of this Act includes a reference to land which has been brought under the provisions of the repealed Land Titles Act (Cap. 157, 1985 Revised Edition) (called in this Part the repealed Act). (2) Any register, instrument, index or other document maintained under the repealed Act continues to be maintained under the corresponding provision of this Act. (3) Insofar as any entry in a register or instrument was made or other thing whatsoever was done under any provision of the repealed Act, that entry or thing has effect as if made or done under the corresponding provision of this Act. (4) A reference to a caveat in this Act includes a reference to a caveat lodged and notified in a folio or the Caveat Index under the provisions of the repealed Act. (5) Any caveat lodged under the repealed Act may, unless it has lapsed or been removed or cancelled in accordance with the provisions of the repealed Act before 1 March 1994, be extended in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (6) Any application, instrument or caveat lodged for registration under the provisions of the repealed Act before 1 March 1994 and whose registration was not completed before that date is, where applicable, deemed to be an application, instrument or caveat lodged for registration under a corresponding provision of this Act. (7) Where at any time before 1 March 1994 a person — ( a ) was in adverse possession of any registered land; and ( b ) has lodged an application for a possessory title to the land under the provisions of the repealed Act and the application has not been withdrawn but is on that date pending in the Land Titles Registry, the application must be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the repealed Act in force immediately before that date. (8) Where at any time before 1 March 1994 a person — ( a ) was in adverse possession of any registered land; and ( b ) was entitled to lodge an application for a possessory title to the land under the provisions of the repealed Act which were in force immediately before that date, the person may, within 6 months of that date make an application to court for an order to vest the title in the person or lodge an application for a possessory title to the land and the application must be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the repealed Act in force immediately before that date. (9) Section 87 does not prevent the registration of leases for a term not exceeding 7 years which were executed before 1 March 1994 and any such lease may be registered under the provisions of the repealed Act as if those provisions were never repealed. (10) A person who, immediately before 1 March 1994, held office as the Registrar of Titles, Deputy Registrar of Titles or Assistant Registrar of Titles continues to hold such office as if he or she had been appointed under section 5. (11) Any written law or other document referring to the repealed Act is, as far as may be necessary for preserving its effect, to be construed as referring, or as including a reference, to this Act. (12) Except as expressly provided in this section, nothing in this section is to be taken as prejudicing the operation of section 16 of the Interpretation Act 1965 (which relates to the effect of repeals).


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s175
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 175
title: Validation of extensions of caveats lodged under repealed Act
content:
175. —(1) Where at any time before 1 March 1994 a caveat was notified on a folio or the Caveat Index under the provisions of Part XI of the repealed Act and an extension of caveat was notified on the folio or Caveat Index in respect of the same matter dealt with by the caveat notwithstanding that the repealed Act did not provide for caveats to be extended, the caveat does not lapse until — ( a ) the expiration of a period of 5 years commencing from the date of the lodgment of the extension of caveat which was accepted and notified on the folio or Caveat Index; or ( b ) where more than one extension of caveat has been lodged and notified on the folio or Caveat Index before the expiry of each 5‑year period from the date of the lodgment of the last extension of caveat which was accepted and notified on the folio or Caveat Index, the expiration of a period of 5 years from the date of the lodgment of the last extension of caveat which was accepted and notified on the folio or Caveat Index. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a caveat where an order has been made by a court before 1 March 1994 in respect of the validity or priority of the caveat.


document_id: lta-1993
provision_ref: s176
chapter: PART 19 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 176
title: Transitional provisions
content:
176. The amendment to section 47 made by section 15 of the Land Titles (Amendment) Act 2001 (Act 25 of 2001) does not affect any person who dealt with a proprietor or who was entitled to be a proprietor under any contract or any other instrument evidencing the dealing in land that is dated before 20 August 2001.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “accoutrement” includes — ( a ) a uniform; and ( b ) surveillance equipment capable of being worn on the body for the purpose of recording a view of, or recording a conversation between, the wearer and another individual; “Authority” means the Land Transport Authority of Singapore established under section 3; “bus service” means a service for the carriage of passengers for a fare or other consideration by one or more buses operating on pre‑determined timetables and routes; “bus service licence” has the meaning given by the Bus Services Industry Act 2015; “Chairperson” means the Chairperson of the Authority and includes any acting Chairperson of the Authority; “Chief Executive” means the Chief Executive of the Authority, and includes any individual acting in that capacity; “claim” means a claim for compensation under section 20; “claimant” means a person who has made a claim for compensation; “Compensation Board” means the Compensation Board established under section 26; “construction”, in relation to a railway or road, includes — ( a ) the reconstruction or realignment of the railway or road; ( b ) permanently improving the railway or road or otherwise bringing it to a higher standard; and ( c ) any associated investigative and engineering studies, but does not include the planning, maintenance and management of the railway or road; “Deputy Chairperson” means the Deputy Chairperson of the Authority; “Land Transport Revenue Account” or “Account” means the Land Transport Revenue Account established under section 12; “land transport system” means the infrastructure facilitating transport on land by the railway or road; “maintenance”, in relation to a railway or road, includes the execution of all works of any description which are necessary to keep the railway or road in the state of utility in which it was on the completion of its construction; “member” means a member of the Authority; “outsourced enforcement officer” means an individual who is appointed under section 11 as an outsourced enforcement officer; “president” means the president of the Compensation Board appointed under section 26; “Rail Infrastructure Fund” means the fund of that name established under section 13C; “railway” has the meaning given by the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 or the Cross‑Border Railways Act 2018, as the case may be; “road” includes — ( a ) any street, bridge, underpass, tunnel square, footway or passage, whether a thoroughfare or not, over which the public has a right of way; ( b ) any street, footway or passage, open court or open alley, used or intended to be used as a means of access to 2 or more holdings, whether the public has a right of way over it or not; and ( c ) all channels, sewers, drains, tunnels, ditches and reserves at the side of any road. [17/2012; 30/2015; 5/2018; 21/2018; 38/2018; 49/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 2 - ESTABLISHMENT, INCORPORATION AND
section: 3
title: Establishment and incorporation of Land Transport Authority of Singapore
content:
3. A body called the Land Transport Authority of Singapore is established, which is a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal and is by that name capable of — ( a ) suing and being sued; ( b ) acquiring, owning, holding and developing or disposing of property, both movable and immovable; and ( c ) doing and suffering any other acts or things that bodies corporate may lawfully do and suffer.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - ESTABLISHMENT, INCORPORATION AND
section: 4
title: Common seal
content:
4. —(1) All deeds and other documents requiring the seal of the Authority must be sealed with the common seal of the Authority and any instruments to which the common seal is affixed must be signed — ( a ) by any 2 members generally or specially authorised by the Authority for the purpose; or ( b ) by one member and the Chief Executive. (2) All courts, judges and persons acting judicially are to take judicial notice of the common seal of the Authority affixed to any document and presume that it was duly affixed.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - ESTABLISHMENT, INCORPORATION AND
section: 5
title: Constitution of Authority
content:
5. —(1) The Authority consists of — ( a ) a Chairperson; and ( b ) 2 or more other members as the Minister may from time to time determine. [49/2018] (2) The First Schedule has effect with respect to the Authority, its members and proceedings.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 3 - FUNCTIONS, DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUTHORITY
section: 6
title: Functions and duties of Authority
content:
6. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, it is the function and duty of the Authority — ( a ) to plan, design, construct, manage and maintain roads in Singapore in accordance with this Act and the Street Works Act 1995; ( b ) to plan, design, construct, maintain and improve pedestrian walkways, bus stops or shelters, bus interchanges or terminals, bus depots, bus parks, taxi stands, bicycle parking and other commuter facilities in accordance with this Act, the Street Works Act 1995 and any other written law; ( c ) to maintain, operate and improve road traffic signs or signals, traffic control equipment or lighting equipment associated with a road and other road traffic facilities for the purposes of traffic management and control; ( d ) to provide parking places for motor vehicles, to license and regulate the use of parking places and to administer the Parking Places Act 1974; ( e ) to develop and implement road traffic management strategies and practices; ( ea ) to regulate the import of small motorised vehicles under the Small Motorised Vehicles (Safety) Act 2020; ( f ) to provide registration and licensing procedures and systems for road transport in accordance with the Road Traffic Act 1961, and to perform any other functions that may be conferred on the Authority by that Act, including — (i) the regulation of the parking of vehicles on roads and the taking of enforcement action in relation thereto; (ii) the regulation, prohibition or restriction of the use of roads on account of any construction or maintenance works being carried on the roads, or any other considerations of safety; and (iii) the determination and prescription of vehicular speed limits on roads; ( fa ) to regulate the provision of shared mobility services under the Shared Mobility Enterprises (Control and Licensing) Act 2020; ( fb ) to regulate the supply of electric vehicle chargers, the provision of electric vehicle charging services and the operation of charging stations under the Electric Vehicles Charging Act 2022; [Act 43 of 2022 wef 08/12/2023] ( g ) without affecting the Public Transport Council Act 1987 — (i) to carry out operational planning for bus services to meet the needs and expectation of the public, including coordinating the routes and scheduling of bus services provided by holders of bus service licences; (ii) to provide financial assistance to holders of bus service licences with the object of improving and expanding the range and reliability of the bus services provided by all or any of them; (iii) to procure for or make available to any holder of a bus service licence such buses as are necessary for improving and expanding the range and reliability of the bus services provided by all or any of them; (iv) to regulate the carriage of passengers on any road for hire or reward in accordance with the Road Traffic Act 1961; and (v) to regulate the provision of point‑to‑point passenger transport services under the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; ( ga ) to operate any bus service or any bus depot or bus interchange, if there is for any reason no licensee under the Bus Services Industry Act 2015 to operate that bus service, bus depot or bus interchange (as the case may be), having regard to the reasonable requirements of the land transport system in Singapore or the relevant part thereof; ( h ) to regulate the construction of motor vehicles and the conditions under which they may be used on roads in Singapore; ( i ) to determine load limits for any road, bridge or culvert and to establish guidelines or requirements for the issue of vehicle mass and dimension permits; ( ia ) to promote and regulate the safe use of electric vehicles in Singapore; ( ib ) to undertake or facilitate the development and maintenance in Singapore of accessible charging points in public and common areas and other ancillary facilities that allow for the safe transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle; ( ic ) to set standards for devices and equipment used in the charging of an electric vehicle in order to protect the public; ( id ) to cooperate and collaborate with the Energy Market Authority of Singapore in the discharge of its functions under the Electricity Act 2001 or other written law insofar as those functions relate to electrical installations for the charging of an electric vehicle; ( j ) to promote better understanding of land transport policies and programmes, whether solely or jointly with other authorities or organisations; ( k ) to plan, design, construct, manage, operate and maintain the railway in accordance with this Act and the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; ( ka ) to plan, design, construct, manage, operate and maintain the railway in accordance with this Act and the Cross‑Border Railways Act 2018; ( l ) to approve and regulate the operation of the railway in accordance with this Act and the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; ( m ) to coordinate land transport services, including developing or promoting the development of integrated ticket systems; ( n ) to conduct, or engage persons to conduct, research and demonstration projects in respect of land transport and associated matters, and to encourage, advise and otherwise assist (whether financially or otherwise) any such research or project; ( na ) to advise on, or to conduct, promote or facilitate, training and education relating to public transport; ( o ) to advise the Government in respect of the land transport system in Singapore, including, but not limited to — (i) its adequacy to meet national and community needs in an efficient, viable and safe manner; (ii) changes considered advisable in the provision of finance for the control, construction, management or maintenance of the land transport system; and (iii) changes considered advisable in the levying and collection of land transport taxation, including the granting or withdrawing of exemptions or partial exemptions from any form of land transport taxation; ( p ) to maintain contact with land transport organisations in Singapore and abroad, in order to obtain, collect and exchange information relating to land transport developments in Singapore and abroad, and to make such information available to bodies and persons with an interest in land transport in Singapore; ( q ) to represent Singapore internationally in respect of matters relating to land transport; ( r ) to act as agent of the Government and provide service in administering, assessing, collecting and enforcing payment of — (i) the special tax imposed under section 17 of the Customs Act 1960; (ii) the surcharge imposed under the Parking Places (Surcharge) Act 1975; (iii) the deficiency charge imposed under the Parking Places Act 1974 for the waiver of requirements under that Act in relation to private parking places; (iv) the proposed sums of successful bids for particular index marks and registration numbers for any type or category of vehicle; (v) all composition sums under the Small Motorised Vehicles (Safety) Act 2020; (vi) all taxes, fees and charges collected by the Registrar of Vehicles under the Road Traffic Act 1961 or any rules made under that Act which are not specified in the Second Schedule; (vii) all composition sums and financial penalties under the Point‑to‑Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019; [Act 43 of 2022 wef 08/12/2023] (viii) all composition sums and financial penalties under the Shared Mobility Enterprises (Control and Licensing) Act 2020; and [Act 43 of 2022 wef 08/12/2023] (ix) all composition sums and financial penalties under the Electric Vehicles Charging Act 2022; [Act 43 of 2022 wef 08/12/2023] ( s ) to act as agent of the Government in the vesting of land under the Street Works Act 1995; ( t ) to collect, compile and analyse information of a statistical nature relating to land transport or such other subject matter necessary for the performance of the functions of the Authority, and to publish and disseminate the results of any such compilation and analysis or abstracts of those results; ( u ) to establish and maintain a Land Transport Revenue Account in accordance with the provisions of this Act; ( ua ) to manage and administer the Rail Infrastructure Fund in accordance with this Act subject to the directions of the Minister; ( v ) to undertake any other activity considered necessary or desirable to achieve a safe and efficient land transport system that maximises national economic and social benefits; and ( w ) to perform any other functions that are conferred on the Authority by any other written law. [24/2010; 17/2012; 17/2015; 30/2015; 21/2018; 24/2018; 49/2018; 20/2019; 8/2020; 25/2020; 13/2021] (2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, it is a function of the Authority to develop and manage, or participate in the development and management of, land transport systems, whether in Singapore or elsewhere. [11/2007] (3) In performing the functions and discharging the duties imposed on it by subsections (1) and (2), the Authority must have regard to the promotion of energy efficiency within the land transport sector, environmental protection and the sustainable development of land transport. [11/2012] (4) Nothing in this section is to be construed as imposing on the Authority, directly or indirectly, any form of duty or liability enforceable by proceedings before any court to which it would not otherwise be subject. [17/2012] (5) In addition to the functions and duties imposed by this section, the Authority may undertake any other functions that the Minister may assign to the Authority by notification in the Gazette , and in so doing the Authority is deemed to be fulfilling the purposes of this Act and the provisions of this Act apply to the Authority in respect of those functions. [49/2018] (6) To avoid doubt, any reference in this section to an electric vehicle is a reference to a vehicle that is — ( a ) propelled wholly or partly by electricity (whether or not designed or adapted to be capable, in at least some circumstances or situations, of safely driving itself); and ( b ) equipped with an electric rechargeable energy storage system which can be recharged externally. [13/2021]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 3 - FUNCTIONS, DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUTHORITY
section: 7
title: Powers of Authority
content:
7. —(1) Subject to this Act, the Authority may carry on any activities that appear to the Authority to be advantageous, necessary or convenient for it to carry on for or in connection with the discharge of its functions and duties under this Act or any other written law, and in particular may exercise any of the following powers: ( a ) to grant licences or permits, or to register persons, for land transport purposes and to supervise and enforce compliance with such licences, permits or registration; ( b ) to open and break up any road and to take possession of and use any road or portion of any road; ( c ) to utilise all property of the Authority, movable and immovable, in such manner as the Authority may think expedient, including the raising of loans by mortgaging such property; ( d ) to lease or let, with or without taking a premium, any property vested in or acquired by it or to grant easements, rights of way, temporary licences or other rights or privileges over, under, through or in respect of any land or buildings belonging to or vested in the Authority upon any terms and conditions that the Authority thinks fit; ( e ) to subscribe for or acquire any securities, stocks and shares of an incorporated company or other body corporate, to procure its admission to membership of an incorporated company limited by guarantee and not having a share capital or to acquire an undertaking or part of an undertaking; ( f ) to form or participate in the formation of any company or corporation, or enter into any joint venture or partnership, whether in Singapore or elsewhere; ( fa ) to participate in any overseas venture or development which the Authority has the expertise to engage in or undertake; ( fb ) to establish and maintain offices, whether in Singapore or elsewhere; ( fc ) to grant loans, and to guarantee the repayment of any loan granted, to any company or corporation — (i) of which the Authority, or any subsidiary of the Authority, is a member; or (ii) any shares of which are held or beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by the Authority or any subsidiary of the Authority; ( fd ) to provide financial assistance by way of grant, loan or guarantee to any holder of a bus service licence; ( fe ) to establish or expand facilities or to assist in the maintenance of facilities (whether by itself or with the cooperation of other persons or bodies as the Authority thinks fit), including but not limited to providing grants, for the purpose of training and education relating to public transport; ( g ) to enter into any contract for the supply of goods, services or materials or for the execution of works or any other contract that may be necessary for the discharge of its duties and functions under this Act; ( h ) to engage alone or in conjunction with other corporations in the production, manufacture or sale of equipment, whether in Singapore or elsewhere; ( i ) to provide technical advice or assistance, including training facilities and consultancy services, to any person as respects any matter in which the Authority has skill or experience; ( j ) to impose fees or charges for services rendered by the Authority; ( k ) to grant loans to officers or employees of the Authority for any purposes specifically approved by the Authority that are likely to increase the efficiency of officers or employees; ( l ) to provide recreational facilities and promote recreational activities for, and activities conducive to, the welfare of officers or employees of the Authority and members of their families; ( la ) to cooperate with the Transport Safety Investigation Bureau of Singapore in relation to investigations under the Transport Safety Investigations Act 2018; [Act 36 of 2018 wef 01/01/2024] ( m ) to provide training for employees of the Authority and to award scholarships or otherwise pay for such training; ( n ) to receive donations and contributions from any source and raise funds by all lawful means; and ( o ) to do anything incidental to any of its powers. [11/2007; 17/2012; 17/2015; 30/2015] (2) This section does not limit any power of the Authority conferred by or under any other written law. (3) The Authority must provide the Minister with information with respect to its property and activities in the manner and at the times that the Minister may require. (4) In subsection (1)( fc ), “subsidiary” has the meaning given by section 5 of the Companies Act 1967. [11/2007] [17/2012; 30/2015]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 3 - FUNCTIONS, DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUTHORITY
section: 8
title: Appointment of committees and delegation of powers
content:
8. —(1) The Authority may appoint from among its own members or other persons who are not members any number of committees that it thinks fit consisting of members or other persons or members and other persons for purposes which, in the opinion of the Authority, would be better regulated and managed by means of those committees. (2) The Authority may, subject to any conditions or restrictions that it thinks fit, delegate to any such committee or to any member, officer or employee of the Authority, any of the functions or powers of the Authority under this Act or any other written law. [5/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 4 - PROVISIONS RELATING TO STAFF
section: 9
title: Chief Executive, officers and employees, etc.
content:
9. —(1) There must be a Chief Executive of the Authority, whose appointment, removal, discipline and promotion must be in accordance with the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018. [5/2018] (2) The Authority may, subject to the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018, appoint an individual to act temporarily as the Chief Executive during any period, or during all periods, when the Chief Executive — ( a ) is absent from duty or Singapore; or ( b ) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office. [5/2018] (3) The Authority may, subject to the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018, appoint and employ, on any terms and conditions that it may determine, any other officers, employees, consultants and agents necessary for the effective performance of its functions. [5/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 4 - PROVISIONS RELATING TO STAFF
section: 10
title: Protection from personal liability
content:
10. No liability shall lie personally against any member, officer or employee of the Authority or any other person acting under the direction of the Authority for anything done or intended to be done in good faith and with reasonable care in the execution or purported execution of this Act. [17/2015]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 4 - PROVISIONS RELATING TO STAFF
section: 11
title: Outsourced enforcement officers
content:
11. —(1) The Authority may in writing appoint an individual who — ( a ) is at least 18 years of age; ( b ) is not an employee of the Authority; ( c ) is not a public officer; and ( d ) has suitable qualifications or experience, to be an outsourced enforcement officer to assist the Authority in the administration of any land transport legislation in any particular area in Singapore. [38/2018] (2) The Authority may, for any reason that appears to the Authority to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment as an outsourced enforcement officer. [38/2018] (3) The Authority must issue to each outsourced enforcement officer an identification card, which must be carried at all times by the outsourced enforcement officer when exercising powers under any land transport legislation. [38/2018] (4) An outsourced enforcement officer whose appointment as such ceases must return to the Authority any identification card issued to him or her under subsection (3). [38/2018] (5) An outsourced enforcement officer must be issued with such accoutrement or equipment, or such description of accoutrement or equipment, as the Chief Executive may determine necessary for the effectual discharge of the duties of an outsourced enforcement officer. [38/2018] (6) An outsourced enforcement officer is not an employee of the Authority. [38/2018] (7) An individual who is appointed as an outsourced enforcement officer under subsection (1) does not, by virtue only of the appointment, become an agent of the Authority. [38/2018] (8) In this section and section 11A, “land transport legislation” means any written law administered by the Authority which is specified in the Fifth Schedule. [38/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s11A
chapter: PART 4 - PROVISIONS RELATING TO STAFF
section: 11A
title: Powers of outsourced enforcement officers
content:
11A. —(1) The Chief Executive must issue to each outsourced enforcement officer a written authorisation specifying such of the powers expressly specified in any land transport legislation as exercisable by an outsourced enforcement officer, as what the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise, and no other powers. [38/2018] (2) The authorisation of the Chief Executive under subsection (1) issued to an outsourced enforcement officer may also do all or any of the following: ( a ) limit the powers mentioned in subsection (1) that the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise; ( b ) limit when, and where in Singapore, the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise those powers or any of them; ( c ) limit the circumstances in which the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise those powers or any of them. [38/2018] (3) To avoid doubt, the Chief Executive cannot authorise under this section an outsourced enforcement officer to arrest any individual. [38/2018] (4) The powers that an outsourced enforcement officer may be authorised under this section to exercise may be exercised only — ( a ) when in uniform, and upon production of the identification card issued under section 11(3); ( b ) to the extent authorised by the Chief Executive under subsection (1); and ( c ) as directed (generally or specially) by an officer or employee of the Authority. [38/2018] (5) An outsourced enforcement officer who is authorised under subsection (1) to exercise any power expressly specified in any land transport legislation as exercisable by an outsourced enforcement officer is deemed to be a public servant for the purposes of the Penal Code 1871 when exercising that power. [38/2018] (6) Without limiting subsection (5), where any law or written law protects an officer or employee of the Authority from liability for the officer’s or employee’s acts or omissions, that law or written law is taken to operate as if those acts or omissions included an outsourced enforcement officer’s acts or omissions when acting in the course of his or her duty as an outsourced enforcement officer in accordance — ( a ) with the authorisation of the Chief Executive under subsection (1); and ( b ) with subsection (4). [38/2018] (7) To avoid doubt, an outsourced enforcement officer does not cease to be acting on the direction of an officer or employee of the Authority by reason only that the officer or employee of the Authority is not present at all times. [38/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s11B
chapter: PART 4 - PROVISIONS RELATING TO STAFF
section: 11B
title: Impersonation as outsourced enforcement officers
content:
11B. —(1) An individual who represents himself or herself, by word or conduct to be an outsourced enforcement officer when he or she is not an outsourced enforcement officer shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [38/2018] (2) An outsourced enforcement officer who uses — ( a ) any accoutrement or equipment issued under section 11; or ( b ) any identification card issued under section 11(3), otherwise than in the course of, or for the purpose of, exercising the functions of an outsourced enforcement officer, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [38/2018] (3) However, it is a defence in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) where the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused used or possessed the accoutrement, equipment or identification card issued under section 11 for the purposes of a public entertainment provided in compliance with the Public Entertainments Act 1958. [38/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 12
title: Land Transport Revenue Account
content:
12. —(1) The Authority must establish, maintain and operate a Land Transport Revenue Account into which must be paid, except where expressly provided otherwise in section 13A or 13B — ( a ) all taxes, fees and charges specified in the Second Schedule; ( b ) all fees received by the Authority for services rendered by the Authority to any person, including any collection agency fee; ( c ) all moneys derived from the disposal, lease, or hire of, or any other dealing with, any property vested in or acquired by the Authority; ( d ) all income derived from the investment of moneys in the Account, including any gains made on the sale of any investment of moneys of the Account, and interest or gains thereon; ( e ) the balance of the fees, rental or other revenue lawfully received by the Authority — (i) for or in connection with the hiring or leasing of buses, bus stops, bus interchanges or terminals or bus parks from the Authority; or (ii) for or in connection with the advertising on such buses or at such bus stops, bus interchanges or terminals or bus parks, after deducting such proportion of those fees, rental or other revenue as the Minister has approved for the Bus Service Enhancement Fund under section 13B(1)( h ); ( f ) all moneys borrowed by the Authority under this Act; and ( g ) all other moneys lawfully received by the Authority for the purposes of the Authority. [17/2012] (2) The Land Transport Revenue Account must be managed and administered by the Authority, subject to the directions of the Minister.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 13
title: Application of revenue
content:
13. —(1) The revenue of the Land Transport Revenue Account for any financial year must be applied in defraying the following charges: ( a ) the remuneration, fees and allowances of the members of the Authority and the remuneration of the auditor of the Authority; ( b ) the salaries, fees, remuneration, pensions, superannuation allowances and gratuities of the officers, agents, employees, advisers and former employees of the Authority; ( c ) working and establishment expenses and expenditure on, or provision for, the maintenance of any of the property of the Authority, and the discharge of the functions of the Authority properly chargeable to revenue account; ( d ) expenses incurred or incidental to the investment or management of moneys in the Account; ( e ) interest on any loan raised by the Authority; ( f ) sums required to be paid to the Government towards repayment of any loan made by the Government to the Authority; ( g ) sums required to be transferred to a sinking fund or otherwise set aside for the purpose of making provision for the repayment of borrowed money; ( h ) any sums that may be deemed appropriate to set aside in respect of depreciation or renewal of the property of the Authority, having regard to the amount set aside out of revenue under paragraphs ( c ) and ( f ); ( i ) the cost, or any portion of the cost, of any new works, plant, vessels or appliances not being a renewal of the property of the Authority, which the Authority may determine to charge to revenue; ( j ) sums to be transferred to the Railway Sinking Fund mentioned in section 13A to fund expenditure — (i) for the cost (or part of the cost) of any capital equipment including new works, plant, equipment, trains, vessels or appliances related to the operation and maintenance of the railway network under the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; or (ii) for the cost of acquiring any estate or interest in any area or space within a station, or any area or space abutting a station the access to which is limited to an entrance or exit to the station; ( k ) any sums by way of contribution, for the purposes associated with the objects of this Act as the Authority may determine, to the public or for charities; ( l ) grants, loans or guarantees to any holder of a bus service licence for the purpose of improving and expanding the range and reliability of the bus services provided by the holders of such licences, including but not limited to meeting such expenditure for the delivery of bus services as the Authority may approve; and ( m ) any other expenditure authorised by the Authority and properly chargeable to revenue account. [21/2010; 17/2012; 30/2015; 5/2018] (2) The balance of the revenue of the Land Transport Revenue Account may be applied to the creation of a general reserve and any other reserves that the Authority thinks fit.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s13A
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 13A
title: Railway Sinking Fund
content:
13A. —(1) There is established by the Authority a Railway Sinking Fund comprising — ( a ) all charges and cash‑bids (if any) that are payable under section 13A of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; ( b ) all moneys authorised by or under any other written law to be paid into the Railway Sinking Fund; ( c ) all moneys borrowed or raised by the Authority for the purposes of the Railway Sinking Fund; ( d ) all grants by any person or organisation to the Authority for the purposes of the Railway Sinking Fund; ( e ) all interest payable under section 19B of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 on outstanding amounts of — (i) any charge and cash‑bid (if any) imposed under section 13A of that Act in respect of a licence; or (ii) any financial penalty imposed before 1 April 2016 under section 19(1)( k ) of that Act in respect of a licensee which is granted a licence on or after 13 September 2010; ( f ) all financial penalties imposed before 1 April 2016 under section 19(1)( k ) of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 in respect of licences granted on or after 13 September 2010; ( g ) all amounts paid to the Authority by way of discharge of any insurance claims in respect of any property of the Authority paid for with money from the Railway Sinking Fund; ( h ) all interest received on investments belonging to the Railway Sinking Fund, and all amounts received by the Authority from the sale of any investments or other property paid for with money from the Railway Sinking Fund; and ( i ) all investments and other property purchased out of moneys in the Railway Sinking Fund, including the net income from those investments. [21/2010; 31/2015] (2) Moneys must not be withdrawn by the Authority from the Railway Sinking Fund except for all or any of the following purposes: ( a ) to meet any of the following expenditure to the extent not expressly provided as may be met from the Rail Infrastructure Fund: (i) for the cost (or part of the cost) of any capital equipment including new works, plant, equipment, trains, vessels or appliances related to the operation and maintenance of the railway network under the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; (ii) for the cost of acquiring any estate or interest in any area or space within a station, or any area or space abutting a station the access to which is limited to an entrance or exit to the station; ( b ) to pay insurance premiums on capital equipment, area, space or other investment acquired using moneys of the Railway Sinking Fund; ( c ) to pay any principal or interest on moneys borrowed or raised by the Authority for the purposes of the Railway Sinking Fund; ( d ) to pay any expenses properly attributable to the setting up of the Railway Sinking Fund, the administration and management of moneys in the Railway Sinking Fund, or the borrowing or raising of moneys for the purposes of the Railway Sinking Fund; ( e ) to refund any sums collected as charges or cash‑bids that are in excess of what is payable under section 13A of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; ( f ) for investment of moneys in the Railway Sinking Fund in accordance with section 17; ( g ) to pay all amounts relating to the sale, disposal or write‑off of any investments paid for with money from the Railway Sinking Fund; ( h ) to pay all reasonable legal costs incurred by the Authority and all reasonable expenses incurred by the Authority in connection with the collection or attempted collection of any outstanding amounts (including any interest on the amounts) of — (i) any charge and cash‑bid (if any) imposed under section 13A of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 in respect of a licence; or (ii) any financial penalty imposed before 1 April 2016 under section 19(1)( k ) of that Act in respect of a licensee which is granted a licence on or after 13 September 2010. [21/2010; 31/2015; 49/2018] (3) For the purposes of subsection (1)( i ), the net income from investments is the amount ascertained by adding to, or deducting from, the income received from investments of moneys in the Railway Sinking Fund any gain derived or loss sustained, realised or unrealised (as the case may be) from those investments. [21/2010; 49/2018] (4) The Railway Sinking Fund must be managed and administered by the Authority subject to the directions of the Minister. [21/2010]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s13B
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 13B
title: Bus Service Enhancement Fund
content:
13B. —(1) There is established by the Authority a Bus Service Enhancement Fund comprising — ( a ) all moneys from time to time appropriated from the Consolidated Fund or the Development Fund and authorised to be paid into the Bus Service Enhancement Fund by any written law; ( b ) all moneys authorised by or under any other written law to be paid into the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( c ) all moneys borrowed or raised by the Authority for the purposes of the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( d ) all gifts or donations by any person or organisation to the Authority for the purposes of the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( e ) all investments and other property purchased out of moneys in the Bus Service Enhancement Fund, including the net income from such investments; ( f ) all interest received on investments belonging to the Bus Service Enhancement Fund, and all amounts received by the Authority from the sale of any investments or other property paid for with money from the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( g ) all sums received by way of repayment of any loan or advance from the Bus Service Enhancement Fund, and any interest and late payment charge from any such loan or advance; ( h ) such proportion as the Minister may approve of the fees, rental or other revenue lawfully received by the Authority for or in connection with the hiring or leasing of buses, bus stops, bus interchanges or terminals or bus parks from the Authority, or for or in connection with the advertising on such buses or at such bus stops, bus interchanges or terminals or bus parks; and ( i ) all damages, cost or other moneys lawfully received by the Authority from any holder of a bus service licence on account of any breach by the holder of such a licence of any term in a grant or loan from or in a lease, contract or other arrangement with the Authority, made in connection with improving and expanding the range and reliability of bus services provided by the holders of bus service licences. [17/2012; 30/2015] (2) The moneys in the Bus Service Enhancement Fund may be withdrawn by the Authority only for all or any of the following purposes: ( a ) to provide grants or loans to any holder of a bus service licence for the purpose of improving and expanding the range and reliability of the bus services provided by the holders of such licences, including but not limited to meeting such expenditure for the delivery of bus services as the Authority may approve; ( b ) to pay all reasonable legal costs incurred by the Authority and all reasonable expenses incurred by the Authority in connection with the collection or attempted collection of any outstanding amounts (including any interest on the amounts) of any sums due under any loan or grant made out of moneys in the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( c ) to acquire any property, movable or immovable, including but not limited to buses, with the object of improving and expanding the range and reliability of the bus services provided by all or any of the holders of bus service licences; ( d ) for investments in accordance with section 17 of moneys in the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( e ) to pay all amounts relating to the sale, disposal or write‑off of any investments paid for with money from the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( f ) to pay any principal or interest on moneys borrowed or raised by the Authority for the purposes of the Bus Service Enhancement Fund; ( g ) to pay any expenses properly attributable to the setting up of the Bus Service Enhancement Fund and the administration and management of moneys in that Fund. [17/2012; 30/2015] (3) For the purposes of subsection (1)( e ), the net income from investments is the amount ascertained by adding to, or deducting from, the income received from investments of moneys in the Bus Service Enhancement Fund any gain derived or loss sustained, realised or unrealised (as the case may be) from those investments. [17/2012] (4) No loan made or investments paid for with moneys from the Bus Service Enhancement Fund is to be written‑off without the prior approval of the Minister. [17/2012] (5) Without limiting subsection (4), the Bus Service Enhancement Fund must be managed and administered by the Authority subject to the directions of the Minister. [17/2012] (6) Upon dissolution of the Bus Service Enhancement Fund during any term of office of the Government (within the meaning of the Constitution), the balance of the moneys remaining in that Fund must be transferred to the Consolidated Fund and be added to the reserves of the Government not accumulated by it during that term of office. [17/2012]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s13C
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 13C
title: Rail Infrastructure Fund
content:
13C. —(1) The Rail Infrastructure Fund is established consisting of — ( a ) all moneys from time to time appropriated from the Consolidated Fund or Development Fund and authorised to be paid into the Rail Infrastructure Fund by Supply law; ( b ) all moneys authorised by or under any other written law to be paid into the Rail Infrastructure Fund; ( c ) any gifts or donations made by any person for the purposes of the Rail Infrastructure Fund; and ( d ) all investments of moneys in the Rail Infrastructure Fund authorised to be made by this Act and the proceeds of any such investments, including the net income from those investments. [49/2018] (2) On 15 January 2019, the Government must pay into the Rail Infrastructure Fund such sum as the Minister for Finance may determine out of moneys to be provided by Parliament for the Rail Infrastructure Fund. [49/2018] (3) For the purposes of subsection (1)( d ), the net income from investments is the amount ascertained by adding to, or deducting from, the income received from investments of moneys in the Rail Infrastructure Fund any gain derived or loss sustained, realised or unrealised (as the case may be) from those investments. [49/2018] (4) Upon the dissolution of the Rail Infrastructure Fund during any term of office of the Government (within the meaning of the Constitution), the balance then remaining in that Fund must be transferred to the Consolidated Fund and added to the reserves of the Government not accumulated by it during that term of office. [49/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s13D
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 13D
title: Purposes of Rail Infrastructure Fund
content:
13D. —(1) The moneys in the Rail Infrastructure Fund may be withdrawn by the Authority only for the following purposes: ( a ) for the Authority to carry on any construction, improvement or extension, or any demolition and replacement, of any railway (in whole or part), the operation of which is or is to be subject to the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; ( b ) for the acquisition by the Authority of capital machinery or equipment required for or in connection with the start of operations of — (i) a railway (or a part of a railway) the construction, or demolition and replacement, of which (as the case may be) was paid for with money from the Rail Infrastructure Fund; or (ii) an improved or extended railway (or an improved or extended part of a railway) the improvement or extension of which was paid for with money from the Rail Infrastructure Fund; ( c ) for the Authority to carry on any associated design, investigative and engineering studies, survey or research preparatory to the undertaking of any work or acquisition mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ); ( d ) to pay any of the following which is incurred or payable (as the case may be) for the purposes of the construction, improvement or extension, or the demolition and replacement (as the case may be) by the Authority of a railway, the operation of which is or is to be subject to the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995: (i) the costs incurred by the Collector of Land Revenue in the acquisition under the Land Acquisition Act 1966 of any land; (ii) the compensation payable for the acquisition under the Land Acquisition Act 1966 of any land that is the subject of a notice under section 7 of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995; ( e ) to pay insurance premiums on capital equipment or other investments acquired, and land (including structures) acquired and constructed, using money from the Rail Infrastructure Fund; ( f ) to pay all amounts relating to the sale, disposal or write‑off of any investments paid for with money from the Rail Infrastructure Fund; ( g ) to invest in accordance with section 17; ( h ) to pay any expenses properly attributable to the setting up of the Rail Infrastructure Fund and the administration, management and investment of moneys in that Fund. [49/2018] (2) However, no investment paid for with money from the Rail Infrastructure Fund may be written off by the Authority without the prior approval of the Minister. [49/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 14
title: Funds for construction, etc., projects
content:
14. —(1) For the purpose of enabling the Authority to carry out its function and duty of constructing any railway or roads or other related facilities, the Minister for Finance must, from time to time, provide funds by way of grants, subject to any conditions that he or she may impose, to the Authority out of moneys provided by Parliament. (2) The Authority may, from time to time and with the approval of the Minister for Finance, borrow or otherwise raise money in any currency in Singapore or elsewhere for the purposes referred to in subsection (1) and on any terms and conditions that the Authority thinks fit. (3) The repayment of money borrowed or raised by the Authority for the purposes referred to in subsection (1), and interest, premium and other charges thereon and costs and fees incurred for the purpose of borrowing or raising such money must be met out of funds provided to the Authority by the Minister for Finance. (4) Nothing in this section restricts the power of the Authority to borrow or raise or secure the repayment of money for purposes other than the purposes referred to in subsection (1).


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s14A
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 14A
title: Issue of shares, etc.
content:
14A. As a consequence of — ( a ) the vesting of any property, rights or liabilities of the Government in the Authority under this Act; or ( b ) any capital injection or other investment by the Government in the Authority in accordance with any written law, the Authority must issue such shares or other securities to the Minister for Finance as that Minister may direct. [5/2002]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 15
title: Operating expenses
content:
15. —(1) It is the duty of the Authority to exercise and perform its functions under this Act so as to secure that the total revenues of the Authority are sufficient, taking one financial year with another, to meet its total operating expenses properly chargeable to the Land Transport Revenue Account. (2) In this section, “operating expenses” does not include — ( a ) operating expenses associated directly with the function and duty mentioned in section 14(1); and ( b ) interests, fees and other charges in respect of loans incurred under section 14(2), the payment of which must be met from funds provided by the Minister for Finance to the Authority pursuant to section 14(1).


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 16
title: Bank accounts and application of revenue
content:
16. —(1) The Authority must open and maintain one or more accounts with such bank or banks as the Authority thinks fit; and every such account must be operated as far as practicable by cheque signed by such person or persons authorised to do so by the Authority. (2) The moneys of the Authority must be applied only in payment or discharge of the expenses, obligations and liabilities of the Authority and in making any payments that the Authority is authorised or required to make.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 5 - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
section: 17
title: Power of investment
content:
17. The Authority may invest its funds in the Land Transport Revenue Account, the Railway Sinking Fund, the Rail Infrastructure Fund or the Bus Service Enhancement Fund in accordance with the standard investment power of statutory bodies as defined in section 33A of the Interpretation Act 1965. [45/2004; 21/2010; 17/2012; 49/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 19
title: No remedy except under this Act
content:
19. —(1) No action, claim or proceedings shall lie or be brought against the Authority or any other person — ( a ) to restrain the doing of anything which is authorised by or under the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 or to compel the doing of anything which may be omitted to be done under that Act; ( b ) to restrain the doing of anything which is authorised by or under the Cross‑Border Railways Act 2018 or to compel the doing of anything which may be omitted to be done under that Act; or ( c ) to recover damages, compensation or costs for — (i) damage or disturbance to or loss of or in the value of any land, chattel, trade or business; (ii) personal disturbance or inconvenience; (iii) extinguishment, modification or restriction of rights; or (iv) effecting or complying with any requirement or condition imposed by the Authority, which is authorised by or under the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 or the Cross‑Border Railways Act 2018 or arises from any act or omission so authorised, except pursuant to one of the rights to compensation provided for in section 20. [21/2018] (2) No action, claim or proceedings shall lie or be brought against the Authority or any other person — ( a ) to restrain the doing of anything which is authorised — (i) by section 9, 12 or 29 of the Street Works Act 1995; or (ii) by any other provision of the Street Works Act 1995 relating to the construction of a road tunnel, or to compel the doing of anything which may be omitted to be done under those provisions of that Act; or ( b ) to recover damages, compensation or costs for — (i) damage or disturbance to or loss of or in the value of any land, chattel, trade or business; (ii) personal disturbance or inconvenience; (iii) extinguishment, modification or restriction of rights; or (iv) effecting or complying with any requirement or condition imposed by the Authority, which is authorised by or under section 9, 12 or 29 of the Street Works Act 1995 or is authorised by any other provision of that Act relating to the construction of a road tunnel, or arises from any act or omission so authorised, except pursuant to one of the rights of compensation provided for in section 20.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 20
title: Compensation
content:
20. —(1) The rights to compensation mentioned in section 19 are the rights to claim from the Authority or any other person for the items of loss, damage or cost set out in the first column of Part 1 of the Fourth Schedule a sum assessed on the basis specified opposite in the second column thereof and with regard to the provisions of Part 2 of the Fourth Schedule, subject to — ( a ) the claim being served on the Authority or that other person within the appropriate period specified in the fourth column of Part 1 of the Fourth Schedule; and ( b ) the other provisions of this Act. (2) Every person who is described in the third column of Part 1 of the Fourth Schedule has the right to claim compensation for the items of loss, damage or cost set out opposite in the first column to the extent of the loss, damage or cost suffered or incurred by the person as assessed pursuant to this Act.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 21
title: Claims against persons other than Authority
content:
21. Where any action, claim or proceeding is brought against any person other than the Authority to recover the damages, compensation or costs for — ( a ) damage or disturbance to or loss of or in the value of any land, chattel, trade or business; ( b ) personal disturbance or inconvenience; or ( c ) extinguishment, modification or restriction of rights, pursuant to one of the rights to compensation provided for in section 20, sections 22, 23, 25 and 27 apply and any reference to the Authority in those sections is a reference to that other person.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 22
title: Claims out of time
content:
22. —(1) Subject to this section, if a claim for an item of loss, damage or cost is not served on the Authority before the end of the period specified in the fourth column of Part 1 of the Fourth Schedule in respect of that item, the right to claim compensation for that item is barred. (2) The period mentioned in subsection (1) may, upon application made to the Compensation Board either before or after the end of that period, be extended in accordance with this section. (3) Notice of an application under subsection (2) must be given to the Authority by the applicant. (4) The Compensation Board may extend the period within which a claim must be served upon the Authority if the Board considers that — ( a ) the delay in serving the claim was occasioned by mistake of fact or mistake of any matter of law (other than the relevant provision in the fourth column of Part 1 of the Fourth Schedule) or by any other reasonable cause; or ( b ) the Authority is not materially affected in the conduct of its case or otherwise by the delay. (5) An extension may be granted by the Compensation Board under subsection (4), with or without conditions, for any period that the Board thinks fit but not in any case exceeding 6 years from the time when the right to compensation first arose.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s22A
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 22A
title: Disqualification as to certain compensation
content:
22A. —(1) If an owner of any land temporary possession of which is or has been taken in the exercise of any power in section 5 of the Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995 gives to the Authority any notice under section 7(1) of that Act in relation to that land within the claim period referred to in section 7A(2)( d ) of that Act, the owner is entitled to claim only for loss due to displacement of any person in lawful occupation of the land on the date of the notice under section 5 of that Act, and no other item in the Fourth Schedule. [12/2015] (2) If an owner of any land temporary possession of which is or has been taken in the exercise of any power in section 8 of the Cross‑Border Railways Act 2018 gives to the Authority any notice under section 15(1) of that Act in relation to that land within the claim period mentioned in section 16(2)( d ) of that Act, the owner is entitled to claim only for loss due to displacement of any person in lawful occupation of the land on the date of the notice under section 8 of that Act, and no other item in the Fourth Schedule. [21/2018] (3) If an owner of any land temporary possession of which is or has been taken in the exercise of any power in section 9 of the Street Works Act 1995 gives to the Authority any notice under section 11(1) of that Act in relation to that land within the claim period referred to in section 11A(2)( d ) of that Act, the owner is entitled to claim only for loss due to displacement of any person in lawful occupation of the land on the date of the notice under section 9 of that Act, and no other item in the Fourth Schedule. [12/2015]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 23
title: Claims procedure
content:
23. —(1) Any person who claims to be entitled to compensation under this Act must serve on the Authority a written claim setting out such of the following particulars as are applicable to the person’s claim: ( a ) the name of the claimant and the claimant’s address for service of notices; ( b ) a full description of the land to which the claim relates including any covenants, easements or restrictions affecting the same; ( c ) the nature of the claimant’s interest in the land including, in the case of a sublessee or subtenant, the landlord’s name and address and details of the sublease or tenancy; ( d ) details of any mortgage, including the principal still owing and the name and address of the mortgagee; ( e ) if the claimant has sublet the land or any part of the land, the name and address of each tenant and details of the lease or tenancy; ( f ) particulars of the claim showing — (i) under which item the claim is made; and (ii) how the amount claimed under any item is calculated. (2) The Authority must in writing acknowledge receipt and the date of receipt of every claim served on the Authority under subsection (1). (3) If a claimant amends a claim before proceedings are commenced before the Compensation Board and the Authority considers the amendment to be substantial, the Authority may, within 14 days of the receipt of the amended claim, notify the claimant that it elects to treat the claim, for the purposes of this section, as if it were a new claim served under subsection (1) on the date on which the amendment was received by the Authority, and this section applies accordingly. (4) The Authority may by written notice to the claimant request that the claimant supply further particulars of and in support of the claim or any item of the claim, and if any of those particulars are not supplied to the Authority within a period of 28 days from the date of the notice, or within any further period that the Authority may in writing allow, the claim or the item concerning which the particulars are requested is deemed to be rejected and subsection (5) does not apply. (5) The Authority must, within 3 months of the service of a claim on it, or if the Authority has requested further particulars under subsection (4) within 3 months of the day on which they are provided in accordance with that subsection, notify the claimant in writing that the Authority — ( a ) admits the entire claim; ( b ) rejects the entire claim; or ( c ) admits a specified part or parts and rejects the remainder, and in every case must briefly state its reasons for rejection so that the claimant is adequately informed of those reasons. (6) Where the Authority has rejected a claim or any part of a claim under subsection (5) or where a claim or any part of it is deemed to have been rejected under subsection (4), the Authority may — ( a ) by written notice offer to the claimant a sum (including costs) that the Authority is willing to pay in full and final settlement of the claim or any part of it, as the case may be; or ( b ) commence proceedings before the Compensation Board to have the claim or any part of it heard and determined by the Board in accordance with this Act. (7) The Authority may commence proceedings before the Compensation Board to have the claim or any part of it heard and determined in accordance with this Act where any offer under subsection (6)( a ) is refused by the claimant. (8) If, at the end of 4 months from the receipt of a claim by the Authority, it has not been settled by agreement, either the claimant or the Authority may commence proceedings before the Compensation Board to have the claim, or so much of it as is still then in dispute, heard and determined by the Board in accordance with this Act. (9) In any case where the claimant has failed to supply further particulars required by the Authority in accordance with subsection (4), the Compensation Board may on the hearing of the claim consider the merits of the Authority’s request for further particulars, and the claimant’s failure to supply them and may, if the Board thinks fit — ( a ) order the claimant to supply some or all of the particulars; ( b ) adjourn the hearing until the order is complied with and the particulars are considered by the Authority; and ( c ) make such further order as the Board thinks fit as to the costs of either party occasioned by the Authority’s request for and the claimant’s failure to supply the further particulars.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 24
title: Claims by minor, etc.
content:
24. A claim may be brought on behalf of a minor by his or her guardian or guardians, or any of them, and on behalf of a mentally disordered person by the person empowered by law to administer his or her assets.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 6 - RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION, CLAIMS PROCEDURE
section: 25
title: Settlement after reference to Compensation Board
content:
25. —(1) At any time after proceedings have been commenced before the Compensation Board but before compensation is finally assessed, the Authority may make a written offer of the kind described in section 23(6)( a ) or the claimant may by notice to the Authority offer a sum (inclusive or exclusive of costs) which the claimant is willing to accept in full and final settlement of the claim or any rejected part of the claim. (2) Where an offer made by the Authority pursuant to section 23(6)( a ) or by the Authority or the claimant pursuant to subsection (1) is not accepted by the other party, no part of the contents of the offer which relates to any part of a claim before the Compensation Board is to be disclosed to the Board until the amount of compensation for that part is assessed by it but a copy of the offer enclosed in a sealed envelope may be lodged with the president and opened by him or her after the Board has made its assessment. (3) Where the Authority has made any offer pursuant to section 23(6)( a ) which is refused by the claimant or either party has made any offer pursuant to subsection (1) which is refused by the other and the compensation including costs (if any) assessed by the Compensation Board does not exceed the amount of compensation including costs (if any) comprised in the offer, the Board must, unless for special reasons the Board thinks it proper not to do so, order the party who refused the offer to bear the party’s own costs and to pay the costs of the other party insofar as the costs of either party are incurred after the making of the offer.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 7 - ASSESSMENT AND AWARD OF COMPENSATION
section: 26
title: Establishment of Compensation Board
content:
26. —(1) For the purposes of this Act, there is established a Compensation Board consisting of a president and such number of members, not fewer than 2, as the Minister may think fit. (2) The president and every member of the Compensation Board must be appointed by the Minister and upon appointment the names of the president and every member of the Board must be published in the Gazette . (3) The president must possess the qualifications required for a District Judge under section 9(3) of the State Courts Act 1970 or be a District Judge appointed under section 9(1) of that Act, and must preside at all sessions of the Compensation Board. [5/2014] (4) Three members of the Compensation Board of whom the president is one, form a quorum, and the opinion of the majority of the Board present is decisive upon any matter, except that in the case of an equality the president decides which opinion prevails. (5) Every member of the Compensation Board, except where his or her appointment is revoked by the Minister under subsection (6) or he or she resigns during the period of his or her appointment, holds office for a period of 3 years or for such shorter period as the Minister may, in any case, determine but is eligible for re‑appointment. (6) The Minister may at any time revoke the appointment of a member of the Compensation Board. (7) Where a person ceases to be a member of the Compensation Board, the Minister must, as soon as is reasonably practicable, take steps to fill the vacancy but the existence of any vacancy in the Board does not invalidate the acts of the Board. (8) Every member of the Compensation Board when and so long as serving on the Board is deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the Penal Code 1871 and the proceedings of the Board are deemed to be judicial proceedings. (9) There must be paid to the members of the Compensation Board such salaries, fees and allowances as the Minister may determine. (10) Any interested party may be represented before the Compensation Board — ( a ) by an advocate and solicitor of the Supreme Court; ( b ) subject to the provisions of the Legal Aid and Advice Act 1995, by the Director of Legal Aid or any of his or her officers; or ( c ) in any particular case in which the Board may at the request of that party and for good reason permit, by an agent acting without fee, gain, reward or any expectation thereof as that party may appoint. (11) Every summons and notice issued under the hand of the president is deemed to be issued by the Compensation Board. (12) The Minister may appoint a secretary of the Compensation Board and such other officers and employees of the Board as may be necessary.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 7 - ASSESSMENT AND AWARD OF COMPENSATION
section: 27
title: Compensation Board to hear and determine claims
content:
27. —(1) The Compensation Board has jurisdiction to hear and determine in accordance with this Act — ( a ) all claims for compensation which the Authority or the claimant may refer to it under section 23(6); and ( b ) applications provided for by section 22(2). (2) The Compensation Board also has jurisdiction to award compensation or any part of it to a claimant if at the time of the award the Board has no notice or intimation of any dispute as to the claimant’s entitlement. (3) However, the making of any award under subsection (2) does not affect the entitlement to receive compensation under this Act of any other person who may later be held by a court of competent jurisdiction to have a better title to the compensation or any other part of the compensation other than the person to whom it was awarded.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 7 - ASSESSMENT AND AWARD OF COMPENSATION
section: 28
title: Power of Compensation Board to examine witness on oath, etc.
content:
28. The Compensation Board has powers to examine any witness on oath, to summon any person to appear before it and to require any interested party or witness to produce any relevant document which the Board may require.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 7 - ASSESSMENT AND AWARD OF COMPENSATION
section: 29
title: Review of awards of Compensation Board
content:
29. —(1) An award of compensation of the Compensation Board may be reviewed, varied or set aside by the Board in any of the following circumstances: ( a ) where an award of compensation was made in consequence of any fraud, misrepresentation or mistake; ( b ) where fresh evidence of a material nature which could not by the exercise of reasonable diligence have been produced when an award of compensation was made is available; ( c ) where an award of compensation was made in the absence of any necessary or proper party whose absence was not due to any default or neglect on the party’s part; ( d ) where in the opinion of the Board some substantial wrong or miscarriage of justice is occasioned by an award of compensation. (2) An award must not be reviewed, varied or set aside by the Compensation Board under subsection (1) unless a party aggrieved by the award applies to the Board not later than 2 years from the date of the award.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s30
chapter: PART 7 - ASSESSMENT AND AWARD OF COMPENSATION
section: 30
title: Power of Compensation Board to state special case for decision of General Division of High Court
content:
30. —(1) The Compensation Board may, at any stage of an application or proceeding before it, reserve for the consideration of the General Division of the High Court any question of law arising in the application or proceeding in the form of a special case which must be — ( a ) drawn up by the president and must set out shortly the facts on which the law is to be applied and the question or questions of law to be determined; ( b ) sent by the president to the Registrar of the Supreme Court; and ( c ) set down for argument in such manner as the General Division of the High Court directs. [40/2019] (2) The General Division of the High Court is to hear and determine any question of law arising on the special case and thereupon remit the matter to the president with the opinion of the General Division of the High Court on the question and that opinion is binding on the Compensation Board. [40/2019] (3) The costs of the proceeding in the General Division of the High Court are in the discretion of the General Division of the High Court and may be dealt with by the order of the General Division of the High Court, except that no member of the Compensation Board shall be personally liable to any costs in respect of the proceedings. [40/2019] (4) Nothing in this section prevents the Compensation Board from determining any question of law arising in the application or proceeding before it.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s31
chapter: PART 7 - ASSESSMENT AND AWARD OF COMPENSATION
section: 31
title: General Division of High Court may call for proceedings of Compensation Board
content:
31. —(1) The General Division of the High Court, either on its own motion or on the application within 14 days of any party aggrieved by a decision of the Compensation Board on the ground that it is wrong in law, may call for the proceedings and the grounds of the award and give such order thereon, either by directing a fresh hearing or otherwise, as seems necessary to secure that substantial justice is done. [40/2019] (2) The powers of review conferred upon the General Division of the High Court in this section do not extend to a decision of the Compensation Board as to the quantum of compensation awarded or apportioned under section 27. [40/2019] (3) There is no further right of appeal from the decision of the General Division of the High Court under this section and under section 30. [40/2019]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s32
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 32
title: Transfer to Authority of property, assets and liabilities of Government
content:
32. —(1) As from 1 September 1995, such movable and immovable property vested in the Government as may be determined by the Minister for Finance and used or managed by — ( a ) the Registry of Vehicles; ( b ) the Roads and Transportation Division of the Public Works Department; and ( c ) the Land Transport Division of the Ministry of Communications, and all assets, interests, rights, privileges, liabilities and obligations of the Government relating to the Registry of Vehicles, the Roads and Transportation Division of the Public Works Department and the Land Transport Division of the Ministry of Communications are transferred to and vest in the Authority without further assurance. (2) If any question arises as to whether any particular property, or whether any particular asset, interest, right, privilege, liability or obligation has been transferred to or vested in the Authority under subsection (1), a certificate under the hand of the Minister for Finance is conclusive evidence that the property, asset, interest, right, privilege, liability or obligation was or was not so transferred or vested. (3) Any immovable property to be transferred to and vested in the Authority under subsection (1) must be held by the Authority upon such tenure and subject to such terms and conditions as the President of Singapore may determine.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s33
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 33
title: Transfer of employees
content:
33. —(1) As from 1 September 1995, such categories of persons employed immediately before that date in — ( a ) the Registry of Vehicles; ( b ) the Roads and Transportation Division of the Public Works Department; and ( c ) the Land Transport Division of the Ministry of Communications, as the Minister may determine are transferred to the service of the Authority on terms no less favourable than those enjoyed by them immediately prior to their transfer. (2) Until such time as terms and conditions of service are drawn up by the Authority, the scheme and terms and conditions of service in the Government continue to apply to every person transferred to the service of the Authority under subsection (1) as if he or she were still in the service of the Government.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s34
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 34
title: Pension rights, etc., of Government employees to be preserved
content:
34. —(1) The terms and conditions to be drawn up by the Authority must take into account the salaries and terms and conditions of service, including any accrued rights to leave, enjoyed by the persons transferred to the service of the Authority under section 33 while in the employment of the Government; and any such term or condition relating to the length of service with the Authority must provide for the recognition of service under the Government by the persons so transferred to be service by them under the Authority. (2) The terms and conditions to be drawn up by the Authority must not adversely affect the conditions that would have been applicable to persons transferred to the service of the Authority as regards any pension, gratuity or allowance payable under the Pensions Act 1956. (3) In every case where a person has been transferred to the service of the Authority under section 33, the Government is liable to pay to the Authority such portion of any gratuity, pension or allowance payable to that person on his or her retirement as the same bears to the proportion which the aggregate amount of his or her pensionable emoluments during his or her service with the Government bears to the aggregate amount of his or her pensionable emoluments during his or her service under both the Government and the Authority. (4) Where any person in the service of the Authority whose case does not fall within the scope of any pension or other schemes established under this section retires or dies in the service of the Authority or is discharged from such service, the Authority may grant to him or her or to such other person or persons wholly or partly dependent on him or her, as the Authority thinks fit, such allowance or gratuity as the Authority may determine. (5) Where any person who is transferred to the service of the Authority under section 33 is a contributor under the Widows’ and Orphans’ Pension Act 1904, he or she shall for the purposes of that Act continue to make contributions under that Act as if he or she had not been transferred to the service of the Authority and for the purposes of that Act his or her service with the Authority is deemed to be service with the Government.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s35
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 35
title: No benefits in respect of abolition or reorganisation of office
content:
35. Despite the provisions of the Pensions Act 1956, no person who is transferred to the service of the Authority under section 33 is entitled to claim any benefit under the Pensions Act 1956 on the ground that he or she has been retired from the service of the Government on account of abolition or reorganisation of office in consequence of the establishment and incorporation of the Authority.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s36
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 36
title: Existing contracts
content:
36. All deeds, bonds, agreements, instruments and arrangements subsisting immediately before 1 September 1995 to which the Government is a party and relating to the Registry of Vehicles, the Roads and Transportation Division of the Public Works Department or the Land Transport Division of the Ministry of Communications or to any person transferred to the service of the Authority under section 33 continue in force on and after that date and are enforceable by or against the Authority as if the Authority had been named therein or had been a party thereto instead of the Government.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s37
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 37
title: Continuation and completion of disciplinary proceedings
content:
37. —(1) Where on 1 September 1995 any disciplinary proceedings were pending against any employee of the Government transferred to the service of the Authority, the proceedings must be carried on and completed by the Authority; but where on that date any matter was in the course of being heard or investigated or had been heard or investigated by a committee acting under due authority but no order or decision had been rendered thereon, the committee must complete the hearing or investigation and make such order, ruling or direction as it could have made under the authority vested in it before 1 September 1995. (2) Any order, ruling or direction made or given by a committee pursuant to this section is treated as an order, a ruling or a direction of the Authority and has the same force or effect as if it had been made or given by the Authority pursuant to the authority vested in the Authority under this Act.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s38
chapter: PART 8 - TRANSFER OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES
section: 38
title: Misconduct or neglect of duty by employee before transfer
content:
38. The Authority may reprimand, reduce in rank, retire, dismiss or punish in any other manner a person who had, while he or she was in the employment of the Government, been guilty of any misconduct or neglect of duty which would have rendered him or her liable to be reprimanded, reduced in rank, retired, dismissed or punished in any other manner if he or she had continued to be in the employment of the Government and if this Act had not been enacted.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s39
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 39
title: Powers of enforcement
content:
39. —(1) In addition to the powers conferred on him or her by any written law specified in the Fifth Schedule, an officer or employee of the Authority may, on declaration of his or her office and production to the person against whom he or she is acting such identification card as the Chief Executive may direct to be carried by officers or employees of the Authority, in relation to any offence under any such written law — ( a ) exercise all the powers of a police officer under sections 81, 92, 93 and 127 of the Road Traffic Act 1961 and all the powers of a duly authorised police officer under section 94 of that Act, and any reference in those sections to a police officer or duly authorised police officer includes a reference to such officer or employee of the Authority; ( b ) require any person whom he or she reasonably believes to have committed an offence under any such written law to furnish evidence of the person’s identity; ( c ) if he or she is generally or specially authorised in writing by the Chief Executive, arrest without warrant any person found committing or whom he or she has reason to believe has committed an offence under any such written law, except as otherwise provided in paragraph ( a ); ( d ) for the purposes of any such written law, require any person to give any information or produce any book, document or copy thereof in the possession of that person, and may, without fee or reward, inspect, copy or make extracts from the book or document; ( e ) when conducting any investigation under such written law, require, by written order, the attendance before the officer or employee of any person being within the limits of Singapore who from the information given or otherwise appears to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case, and the person so ordered must attend as required; and ( f ) detain or seize any document found in the course of a search under this subsection. [3/2017; 20/2019] (2) The power of an officer or employee of the Authority to require a person to give any information or document under subsection (1)( d ) includes the power — ( a ) to require the person, or any person who is or was an officer or employee of that person, to provide an explanation of the information or document; ( b ) if the information or document is not given, to require the person to state, to the best of the person’s knowledge and belief, where it is; and ( c ) if the information or document is recorded otherwise than in legible form, to require the information or document to be made available to the officer or employee of the Authority in legible form. [3/2017] (3) For the purposes of subsection (1), if any information or document required by an officer or employee of the Authority is kept in electronic form — ( a ) the power of the officer or employee to inspect the information or document includes the power — (i) to access any computer or other equipment (including a mobile telephone) in which the information or document is stored; and (ii) to require any person having charge of, or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the computer or equipment to provide assistance in gaining such access; and ( b ) the power of the officer or employee to seize the information or document includes the power — (i) to make copies of the information or document in legible or electronic form; and (ii) to transfer the content from the information or document to a disk, tape or other storage device. [3/2017] (4) If an officer or employee of the Authority is unable to make copies of the information or document, or transfer the content from the information or document, under subsection (3), the officer or employee may — ( a ) seize the computer or other equipment (including a mobile telephone) in which the information or document is stored, as evidence in proceedings for an offence under this Act or written law specified in the Fifth Schedule; and ( b ) require any person having charge of, or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the computer or equipment to disclose any password or access code for gaining access to the information or document held in the computer or equipment. [3/2017] (5) Where any person is arrested by an officer or employee of the Authority under subsection (1), the officer or employee must comply with sections 67 and 68 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 as if he or she were a police officer. [15/2010] (6) A person who — ( a ) refuses to give access to, or assaults, obstructs, hinders or delays, an officer or employee of the Authority in the discharge of his or her duties; ( b ) wilfully misstates or without lawful excuse refuses to give any information, or without lawful excuse refuses to produce any book, document or copy thereof required of him or her by an officer or employee of the Authority under subsection (1); or ( c ) fails to comply with a lawful demand of an officer or employee of the Authority in the discharge of his or her duties, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s40
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 40
title: Proceedings conducted by officers of Authority
content:
40. —(1) Proceedings in respect of any offence under this Act or any written law specified in the Fifth Schedule, or any subsidiary legislation made under this Act or any such written law, may, with the authorisation of the Public Prosecutor, be conducted by an officer of the Authority who is authorised by the Authority to conduct such proceedings. [15/2010; 3/2017; 20/2019] (2) The Minister may, by order in the Gazette , amend the Fifth Schedule.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s41
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 41
title: Preservation of secrecy
content:
41. —(1) Except for the purpose of the performance of duties or the exercise of functions or when lawfully required to do so by any court or where required or allowed by the provisions of any written law, a person who is or has been a member, an officer, an employee or an agent of the Authority or a member of a committee of the Authority must not disclose any information relating to the affairs of the Authority or of any other person which has been obtained by the person in the performance of duties or the exercise of functions. [5/2018] (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s42
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 42
title: Authority’s symbol or representation
content:
42. —(1) The Authority has the exclusive right to the use of such symbol or representation as the Authority may select or devise and to display or exhibit the symbol or representation in connection with its activities or affairs. (2) Any person who uses a symbol or representation identical with that of the Authority, or which so resembles the Authority’s symbol or representation as to deceive or cause confusion, or to be likely to deceive or to cause confusion, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s43
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 43
title: Electronic service system
content:
43. —(1) The Authority may establish a system providing for the electronic service — ( a ) by a person (or an electronic service agent on behalf of that person) on the Authority or an officer of the Authority administering any relevant land transport legislation; or ( b ) by the Authority, or an officer of the Authority administering any relevant land transport legislation, on a person or an electronic service agent on behalf of that person, of an application, a notice or other document which is permitted or required by or under any relevant land transport legislation to be served or given. [38/2018] (2) Rules may be made under section 44 regarding the administration and use of the system provided under this section, including — ( a ) the assignment of authentication codes and accounts to users of the service; ( b ) the circumstances under which authentication codes and accounts of users may be cancelled or suspended; ( c ) the registration of electronic service agents of account holders, including the qualifications to be registered as electronic service agents, and the cancellation and suspension of the registration; ( d ) the manner in which an electronic service agent may be authorised by a person to give or serve on behalf of that person through the electronic service an application, a notice or other document; ( e ) the inspection by the Authority (or any person authorised in writing by the Authority) of records and accounts kept by electronic service agents relating to the use of the system; ( f ) the procedure for the proper use of the system, including the procedure in circumstances where there is a breakdown of the system or an interruption in any electronic service using the system; ( g ) the procedure for correcting any return, estimate, statement, document or information that is electronically served using the system; and ( h ) the fees for — (i) the use of the system; (ii) the assignment of an authentication code or account to use the system, and the cancellation or suspension of such a code or an account on request; (iii) the registration of electronic service agents; and (iv) the corrections mentioned in paragraph ( g ). [38/2018] (3) Where an application, a notice or other document which is permitted or required by or under any relevant land transport legislation is served electronically using the system provided under subsection (1), the following have effect, despite any Act to the contrary: ( a ) the application, notice or document is deemed for the purposes of that legislation to be served on or given to the recipient at the time when the electronic record of the application, notice or document (as the case may be) enters the recipient’s account with the electronic service; ( b ) where the electronic service is done by an electronic service agent on behalf of any person (called in this section the principal) — (i) the application, notice or document is deemed to be served or given with the authority of the principal; and (ii) the principal is to be treated to be cognizant of all matters in the application, notice or document, unless that principal has, before the electronic service is done, informed the Chief Executive in the prescribed manner that the principal has revoked the authority of the electronic service agent for the serving of the application, notice or document in question; ( c ) where the electronic service of an application, a notice or document which is permitted or required by or under any relevant land transport legislation is done using the authentication code assigned to a person before that person applies to cancel the authentication code — (i) the application, notice or document is, for the purposes of that legislation, presumed to have been served or given by that person unless the person adduces evidence to the contrary; and (ii) if that person alleges that the person did not serve or give the application, notice or document, the burden lies on the person to adduce evidence of that fact. [38/2018] (4) Despite any other Act, an electronic record of an application, a notice or document which is permitted or required by or under any relevant land transport legislation that was electronically served using the system provided under subsection (1), or any copy or print‑out of that electronic record, is, in any proceedings under that legislation, admissible as evidence of the facts stated or contained therein if that electronic record, copy or print‑out — ( a ) is certified by the Chief Executive (or an officer of the Authority whom the Chief Executive designates) to contain all or any information filed, submitted or served through the electronic service in accordance with this section; and ( b ) is duly authenticated in the manner specified in subsection (7) or is otherwise authenticated in the manner provided in the Evidence Act 1893 for the authentication of computer output. [38/2018] (5) Where the electronic record of any document, or a copy or print‑out of that electronic record, is admissible under subsection (4), it must be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that the electronic record, copy or print‑out accurately reproduces the contents of that document. [38/2018] (6) To avoid doubt, the following do not apply to an electronic record of a document served electronically using the system provided under subsection (1), or any copy or print‑out of that electronic record: ( a ) section 18(7) of the Parking Places Act 1974; ( b ) section 139A of the Road Traffic Act 1961. [38/2018] (7) For the purposes of this section, a certificate — ( a ) giving the particulars of — (i) any person whose authentication code was used to electronically serve the document using the system; or (ii) any person or device involved in the production or transmission of the electronic record of the document, or the copy or print‑out; ( b ) identifying the nature of the electronic record or a copy or print‑out; and ( c ) purporting to be signed by the Chief Executive or an officer of the Authority whom the Chief Executive designates at the relevant time, is sufficient evidence that the electronic record, copy or print‑out has been duly authenticated, unless the court, in its discretion, calls for further evidence on this issue. [38/2018] (8) In this section and the rules made for the purposes of this section — “authentication code”, in relation to any person, means an identification or identifying code, a password or any other authentication method or procedure which is assigned to that person for the purposes of identifying and authenticating the access to, and use of, the system provided under subsection (1) by that person, and includes one assigned for such purposes in order to file, submit or retrieve a particular document only; “electronic record” has the meaning given by the Electronic Transactions Act 2010; “relevant land transport legislation”, for any application, notice or document permitted or required by or under such legislation, means — ( a ) this section and any rules made under section 44 for the purposes of this section; or ( b ) any written law specified in the Fifth Schedule which provides for a method for the service of applications, notices or documents of that kind if the recipient consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of an application, a notice or document of that kind in that way. [38/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s43A
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 43A
title: Service of documents
content:
43A. —(1) A document that is permitted or required by this Act to be served on a person may be served as described in this section. [38/2018] (2) A document may be served on an individual — ( a ) by giving it to the individual personally; ( b ) by sending it by prepaid registered post to the address specified by the individual for the service of documents or, if no address is specified, the individual’s residential address or business address; ( c ) by leaving it at the individual’s residential address with an adult person apparently residing there, or at the individual’s business address with an adult person apparently employed there; ( d ) by affixing a copy of the document in a conspicuous place at the individual’s residential address or business address; ( e ) by sending it by fax to the fax number given by the individual as the fax number for the service of documents under this Act; ( f ) by sending it by email to the individual’s email address; ( g ) by giving an electronic notice to the individual by the individual’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the individual may use the individual’s chosen means of access to access the document’s contents; or ( h ) by any other method authorised by rules made under section 44 for the service of documents of that kind if the individual consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of a document of that kind in that way. [38/2018] (3) A document may be served on a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership) — ( a ) by giving it to any partner or other similar officer of the partnership; ( b ) by leaving it at, or by sending it by prepaid registered post to, the partnership’s business address; ( c ) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the partnership’s business address; ( d ) by sending it by email to the partnership’s email address; ( e ) by giving an electronic notice to the partnership by the partnership’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the partnership may use the partnership’s chosen means of access to access the document’s contents; or ( f ) by any other method authorised by rules made under section 44 for the service of documents of that kind if the partnership consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of a document of that kind in that way. [38/2018] (4) A document may be served on a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership) or an unincorporated association — ( a ) by giving it to the secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or unincorporated association, or the limited liability partnership’s manager; ( b ) by leaving it at, or by sending it by prepaid registered post to, the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s registered office or principal office in Singapore; ( c ) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s registered office or principal office in Singapore; ( d ) by sending it by email to the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s email address; ( e ) by giving an electronic notice to the body corporate or unincorporated association by the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the body corporate or unincorporated association (as the case may be) may use its chosen means of access to access the document’s contents; or ( f ) by any other method authorised by rules made under section 44 for the service of documents of that kind if the body corporate or unincorporated association (as the case may be) consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of a document of that kind in that way. [38/2018] (5) Service of a document on a person under this section takes effect — ( a ) if the document is sent by fax and a notification of successful transmission is received, on the day of the transmission; ( b ) if the document is sent by email, at the time that the email becomes capable of being retrieved by the person; and ( c ) if the document is sent by prepaid registered post, on the second day after the day the document is posted (even if it is returned undelivered). [38/2018] (6) However, service of any document under this Act on a person by email or by an electronic notice at the person’s chosen means of notification may be effected only with the person’s prior consent (express or implied) to service in that way. [38/2018] (7) This section does not apply to documents to be served in proceedings in court for an offence or other matter under this Act. [38/2018] (8) In this section — “business address” means — ( a ) in the case of an individual, the individual’s usual or last known place of business in Singapore; and ( b ) in the case of a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), the partnership’s principal or last known place of business in Singapore; “chosen means of access”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means the addressee agrees with the person giving or serving the document as the means by which the addressee may access that document’s contents; “chosen means of notification”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means that the addressee nominates to the person giving or serving the document as the means by which the addressee may be notified that such a document has been served on the addressee; “email address” means the last email address given by the addressee concerned as the email address for the service of documents under this Act; “residential address” means an individual’s usual or last known place of residence in Singapore. [38/2018]


document_id: ltasa-1995
provision_ref: s44
chapter: PART 9 - GENERAL
section: 44
title: Rules
content:
44. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules for or with respect to the following matters: ( a ) the manner of appointment, conduct and discipline and the terms and conditions of service of the officers and employees of the Authority; ( b ) the payment of gratuities and other benefits to officers and employees of the Authority; ( c ) the fees to be charged in respect of anything done or any services rendered by the Authority under or by virtue of this Act, including but not limited to — (i) fees in respect of surveys or searches of maps, plans and other documents made or maintained by the Authority; (ii) fees in respect of the sale or copying of maps, plans or other documents made or maintained by the Authority; and (iii) fees in respect of the supply of information maintained by the Authority in relation to its functions.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 3
title: Interpretation
content:
3. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “accessory lot” means a lot intended for separate proprietorship and use with any other specified lot or lots for any purpose; “assurance” includes any transfer, lease, charge, mortgage, transmission application or any other application for vesting made under this Act; “Authority” means the Singapore Land Authority established under the Singapore Land Authority Act 2001; “Board” means a Strata Titles Board constituted under the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “building” includes — ( a ) any building partially completed; ( b ) where applicable, any building to be erected within a stratum shown or specified in any strata subdivision plan submitted to the relevant authority for approval; or ( c ) any building to be erected which is authorised for strata subdivision under a notification made by the Minister under section 21(6) of the Planning Act 1998; “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Buildings appointed under section 3 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “common property”, subject to subsection (2), means — ( a ) in relation to any land and building comprised or to be comprised in a strata title plan, such part of the land and building — (i) not comprised in any lot or proposed lot in that strata title plan; and (ii) used or capable of being used or enjoyed by occupiers of 2 or more lots or proposed lots; ( b ) in relation to any other land and building, such part of the land and building — (i) not comprised in any non-strata lot; and (ii) used or capable of being used or enjoyed by occupiers of 2 or more non-strata lots within that land or building; or ( c ) in relation to any land and building mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ), any of the following whether or not comprised in a lot, proposed lot or non‑strata lot: (i) the pipes, wires, cables or ducts which are used, or capable of being used or enjoyed, by occupiers of 2 or more lots, proposed lots or non‑strata lots (as the case may be) within that land or building, or are used or capable of being used for the servicing or enjoyment of the common property; (ii) the cubic space enclosed by a structure enclosing pipes, wires, cables or ducts mentioned in sub‑paragraph (i); (iii) any structural element of the building; (iv) the waterproof membrane attached to an external wall or a roof; Examples ( a ) A foundation, load‑bearing wall, column or beam, a shear core, strut, ground anchor, slab (not including any layer that is the underlayment or the flooring finishing), truss and common staircase. ( b ) An external wall, or a roof or fa&#231;ade of a building which is used or enjoyed, or capable of being used or enjoyed, by occupiers of 2 or more lots, proposed lots or non‑strata lots. ( c ) A garden, sporting or recreational facility, car park or parking area for other vehicles, none of which are comprised in a lot, proposed lot or non‑strata lot. ( d ) A central air‑conditioning system and its appurtenances, and a fire sprinkler protection system and its appurtenances. ( e ) Any chute, pipe, wire, cable, duct or facility for the passage or provision of water, sewage, drainage, gas, oil, electricity, telephone, radio, television, garbage, heating or cooling systems, or any other similar services. “company” includes — ( a ) any body of persons incorporated in or outside Singapore; and ( b ) an unincorporated society, association or other body which under the law of its place of origin may hold property in the name of the society, association or other body or in the name of its trustees, secretary or other officer duly appointed for that purpose; “competent authority”, in relation to the development or subdivision of land, means the competent authority appointed under section 5 of the Planning Act 1998 in respect of the development or subdivision of land, as the case may be; “council” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “flat” means a horizontal stratum of any building or part thereof, whether such stratum is on one or more levels or is partially or wholly below the surface of the ground, which is used or intended to be used as a complete and separate unit for the purpose of habitation or business or for any other purpose, and may be comprised in a lot, or in part of any subdivided building not shown in a registered strata title plan; “immediate family member” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “land” has the meaning given by the Land Titles Act 1993; “Land Titles Registry” means the Land Titles Registry of the Authority; “lot” means a stratum which is shown as a lot on a strata title plan, and includes a lot specified as an accessory lot on any such plan; “management corporation” means a management corporation constituted under this Act; “ordinary resolution” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “parcel” means the whole of the registered land having a Government survey lot number and comprised in a strata title plan; “planning permission” has the meaning given by the Planning Act 1998; “proposed lot” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “proprietor”, in relation to land comprised in a strata title plan, means the person who was the proprietor of that land immediately before the registration of the strata title application for that plan under section 9; “provisional lot” means a lot within which one or more buildings or parts of any building are to be erected or completed and is shown as a provisional lot in a strata title plan and in any other record maintained by the Registrar; “registered land” means land which has been brought under the provisions of the Land Titles Act 1993, by being included in a folio of the land-register, and held by the registered proprietor for an estate in fee simple or perpetuity, or for a leasehold estate comprised in a Crown or State lease; “registered lease” means a lease registered under the provisions of the Land Titles Act 1993; “registered lessee”, in relation to any subdivided building not comprised in a strata title plan, means the registered proprietor of a leasehold estate in registered land comprising a flat which is shown in a plan annexed to a registered lease, having an unexpired term of not less than 21 years as at the date of the lodgment of an application by that registered proprietor for a subsidiary certificate of title; “Registrar” means the Registrar of Titles appointed under the Land Titles Act 1993; “relevant authority” means any one or more Government or statutory authorities empowered to approve plans for development or subdivision of any land or plans relating to the construction of any building under the Planning Act 1998 or under any other written law and includes the competent authority; “schedule of strata units”, in relation to any land or building, means the schedule of strata units accepted by the Commissioner under section 11 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 for that land or building; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “share value” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “special resolution” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “strata roll” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “strata subdivision” includes a subdivision of land to comprise one or more strata units whether or not any strata unit is on the same level as any other strata unit; “strata title plan” means a plan of registered land which — ( a ) is described in the title or heading thereto as a strata title plan; ( b ) shows the whole or any part of the land comprised therein as being divided into 2 or more strata, whether or not any stratum is divided into 2 or more lots; and ( c ) contains the particulars prescribed under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998, and includes a strata title plan for redevelopment of any lot in a strata title plan registered under this Act; “stratum” means any part of land consisting of a space of any shape below, on or above the surface of the land, or partly below and partly above the surface of the land, the dimensions of which are delineated; “structural element” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “subdivided building” means — ( a ) any one or more buildings comprised in a strata subdivision plan approved by the relevant authority; or ( b ) any building or class of buildings authorised for strata subdivision under a notification made by the Minister under section 21(6) of the Planning Act 1998; “subsidiary certificate of title” means the subsidiary certificate of title issued under section 122; “subsidiary management corporation” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] “subsidiary proprietor” means — ( a ) the registered subsidiary proprietor for the time being of the entire estate in a lot including an estate for life, an estate in remainder or an estate in reversion; and ( b ) in relation to a lot where a lease has been granted, the registered subsidiary proprietor for the time being of a leasehold interest in a lot described in an instrument of lease whose unexpired term is not less than 21 years as from the date of lodgment of the instrument of lease for registration with the Registrar including such a lease registered prior to 1 December 1987; “subsidiary strata certificate of title” means a subsidiary strata certificate of title issued under this Act; “unanimous resolution” has the meaning given by the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] [35/2017] (2) For the purposes of this Act — ( a ) all windows of a lot, proposed lot or non-strata lot that are located on any exterior wall of the lot, proposed lot or (as the case may be) non-strata lot, being either louvres, casement windows, sliding windows or windows with any movable part, are part of the lot, proposed lot or (as the case may be) non-strata lot and not common property; and ( b ) all other windows of a lot, proposed lot or non-strata lot that are located on any exterior wall of the lot, proposed lot or (as the case may be) non-strata lot are common property, unless otherwise described in a strata title plan.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 4
title: Application of Land Titles Act 1993
content:
4. The Land Titles Act 1993 and any rules made under that Act, insofar as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act or of any rules made under this Act, apply in all respects to land registered in any folio of the subsidiary strata land-register.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 5
title: Approval of subdivision under Planning Act 1998
content:
5. The provisions relating to the subdivision of land contained in the Planning Act 1998 and any rules made under that Act apply to the subdivision of any building or any lot.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s5A
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 5A
title: Authorisation of strata subdivision under notification made by Minister under Planning Act 1998
content:
5A. —(1) Where by reason of any notification made by the Minister under section 21(6) of the Planning Act 1998 — ( a ) the strata subdivision of any building or class of buildings as specified in that notification is authorised; and ( b ) the approval by the competent authority of a strata subdivision plan for that building or class of buildings is not required under the Planning Act 1998, then for the purposes of this Act and any regulations made under this Act, where any thing or matter is required to be done in accordance with or to be ascertained from any strata subdivision plan approved or issued by the competent authority, such requirement is deemed to be complied with or satisfied if it is done in accordance with or ascertained from building plans approved by the relevant authority. (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the building plans approved by the relevant authority — ( a ) must be endorsed with a certificate by a registered surveyor under the Land Surveyors Act 1991 who has in force a practising certificate issued under that Act certifying that the boundaries of all the strata lots which the surveyor has delineated on the approved building plans have been endorsed by the proprietor of the development to be correct and in accordance with what was sold or agreed to be sold by the proprietor; and [Act 25 of 2024 wef 01/10/2025] ( b ) must contain such other certifications and particulars as may be required by the Registrar or the Chief Surveyor.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 6
title: Dealings with subdivided building
content:
6. —(1) Subject to this section and except in the case where under section 22 of the Land Titles Act 1993 the Registrar has directed that any building may be dealt with in parts under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act 1988, an assurance (except mortgages, charges, reconveyances or discharges of subsisting mortgages or charges, vesting orders issued by the General Division of the High Court and any assurance made pursuant to a power of sale conferred by any written law) disposing of any part of a subdivided building must not be registered under the Land Titles Act 1993 or the Registration of Deeds Act 1988. [40/2019] (1A) The Registrar or the Registrar of Deeds (as the case may be) has the power to refuse to register that assurance or, where the assurance has been registered in contravention of subsection (1), cancel that registration upon the discovery thereof. (2) An assurance disposing of any part of a subdivided building may be lodged for registration under the provisions of this Act where — ( a ) a strata title application in the approved form for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title has been lodged with the Registrar; ( b ) a strata title plan has been lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998; and ( c ) the Registrar has registered the strata title application lodged under paragraph ( a ) and has issued the subsidiary strata certificates of title applied for. (3) This section does not apply to any building or class of buildings specified by the Minister by notification in the Gazette . (4) Where a notification has been made under subsection (3), the Minister may at any time cancel the notification when the registered proprietor of the land on which the building is erected has, with the approval of the Minister, transferred all the estate and interest in such land to the lessees of the registered leasehold estate of the subdivided parts of the building as tenants-in-common in accordance with the terms and conditions of the leases granted in respect of the subdivided parts of the building. (5) Subject to sections 125, 125A, 126 and 127, this section does not apply to any building where, on 15 April 1976, a flat forming part of that building has been disposed of by the proprietor thereof by a lease registered under the Land Titles Act 1993 or the Registration of Deeds Act 1988, and the registered leasehold interest is vested in any person other than the proprietor. [4/2021] (6) In this section — “assurance” includes any transaction to be registered under the Land Titles Act 1993; “charge” includes a charge mentioned in section 21 of the Central Provident Fund Act 1953; “Registrar of Deeds” means the Registrar of Deeds appointed under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988. 7. [ Repealed by Act 47 of 2004 ]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 8
title: Notification of planning condition on land-register, etc.
content:
8. —(1) Where planning permission has been granted by the competent authority for the development of any land subject to the condition that 30% of the floor area of any building in the development must be owned by a single person for a period of 10 years from the date of the latest temporary occupation licence issued before the grant of the certificate of fitness in respect of the development, the competent authority must notify the Registrar of the planning permission and file with the Registrar the plans delineating the specified flats in any building comprising the aforesaid 30% of the floor area. (2) Where the Registrar has received the notice and plans mentioned in subsection (1) and the Registrar is satisfied that the plans adequately identify the flats comprised in the said 30% of the floor area of the development, the Registrar — ( a ) must enter the appropriate notification on the relevant folio of the land-register or subsidiary strata land-register; and ( b ) has the power to refuse to register any instrument disposing of any interest in any flat in contravention of the condition mentioned in subsection (1) when the instrument is presented for registration. (3) Where the Registrar has discovered that any instrument has been lodged for registration or has been finally registered in contravention of the condition mentioned in subsection (1), the Registrar must serve a written notice on the person who appears in the records of the Registrar as the party claiming under the said instrument of the Registrar’s intention to cancel the registration of the instrument and any instrument relating to the flats mentioned in subsection (1) and any relating entries in the records maintained by the Registrar. (4) On the expiration of the Registrar’s notice under subsection (3), the Registrar must without giving any further notice cancel the registration of the instruments mentioned in subsection (3) and all entries relating thereto. (5) The registered proprietor may lodge an application with the Registrar in the approved form for the cancellation of any notification made by the Registrar in the land-register or subsidiary strata land‑register under this section and the Registrar must cancel the notification if he or she is satisfied that the condition mentioned in subsection (1) has been fulfilled.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 9
title: Registration of strata title application and strata title plan
content:
9. —(1) A strata title application for a parcel must not be registered under this section unless — ( a ) it is in the approved form; and ( b ) the strata title plan for that parcel has been lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998. (2) Every strata title application must — ( a ) show the share values in whole numbers of each lot (except an accessory lot) and a number equal to the aggregate share value entitlement of all the lots comprised in the parcel; and ( b ) contain such other particulars as may be prescribed or as the Registrar may specify. (3) The strata title plan is deemed to be registered under the provisions of this Act on the date that the strata title application is registered by the Registrar under subsection (1) and the strata title plan has been assigned a strata title plan serial number as notified in the land-register. (4) For the purposes of subsection (2)( a ), where planning permission for the erection of the buildings comprising the lots has been granted on or after 15 April 1976, the share values shown on the strata title application must be those shown in the schedule of strata units filed with and accepted by the Commissioner. (5) No share value is to be allotted to an accessory lot. (6) In this section, “lot” includes a provisional lot.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 10
title: Subsidiary strata land-register
content:
10. —(1) The Registrar must — ( a ) prepare and maintain for the purposes of this Act a series of records to be called “the subsidiary strata land-register”; and ( b ) issue for each lot shown on the strata title application a subsidiary strata certificate of title. (2) Upon registration of a strata title application, a subsidiary proprietor is deemed to be the proprietor of the subsidiary proprietor’s lot and share in the common property subject to the encumbrances (if any) registered or notified in the subsidiary strata land-register. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, any assurance or other dealing affecting a lot may be registered in the same manner and form and, upon registration, has the same effect as a similar assurance or dealing registered under the provisions of the Land Titles Act 1993, and affecting part of registered land comprised in a subdivision plan submitted to the competent authority.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s10A
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 10A
title: Constitution of management corporation, etc.
content:
10A. —(1) The subsidiary proprietors from time to time of all lots comprised in a strata title plan constitute, on the date of registration of the strata title application in respect of that strata title plan under this Act, the management corporation for that strata title plan. (2) The subsidiary proprietors from time to time of the lots for whose exclusive benefit any limited common property is designated in a strata title plan, or in a comprehensive resolution filed with the Chief Surveyor under section 78(2)( b ) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 constitute, on the date of registration of the strata title application in respect of that strata title plan or such other instrument as required by the Registrar under this Act, the subsidiary management corporation for that limited common property. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (3) The Registrar may, upon payment of a prescribed fee, issue to a management corporation or a subsidiary management corporation a certificate stating that the management corporation or subsidiary management corporation (as the case may be) is a body corporate constituted on the day specified therein.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 11
title: Share value not to be changed
content:
11. —(1) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act or the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004, the share value of any lot shown in the subsidiary strata land-register must not be altered in any manner on or after the date of registration of the strata title application comprising that lot. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) The Registrar may correct any entry in the subsidiary strata land-register in respect of the share value of a lot if he or she is satisfied that there is an error in the entry. (3) The court may order the share value of a lot shown in the subsidiary strata land-register to be amended where the court is satisfied that the value was fraudulently assigned to the lot. (4) Nothing in this section prohibits the alteration of the share value of a lot consequent upon the subdivision of that lot into 2 or more lots or the amalgamation of 2 or more lots.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 12
title: Plan of redevelopment
content:
12. —(1) A subsidiary proprietor of a lot or of 2 or more lots who intends to subdivide that lot or amalgamate those lots may lodge a strata title application for redevelopment for registration with the Registrar after obtaining the relevant authority’s approval. (2) Where the subdivision of a lot or the amalgamation of 2 or more lots results in the creation of any additional or new common property, the subsidiary proprietor must obtain the approval of the management corporation before lodging the strata title application for redevelopment with the Registrar. (3) A strata title application for redevelopment must not be accepted by the Registrar unless an amended schedule of strata units showing the proposed share values to be allotted to the lot or lots affected by the redevelopment has been filed with and accepted by the Commissioner. (3A) In the proposed allotment of share values referred to in subsection (3) — ( a ) where a lot is subdivided, the aggregate share value of the proposed new lot or lots must be equal to the share value of the former lot; and ( b ) where 2 or more lots are amalgamated, the share value of the proposed new lot or lots must be equal to the aggregate share value of the former lots. (4) The Registrar must not be concerned to inquire whether a subsidiary proprietor has obtained the approval of the relevant authority or the management corporation under subsection (1) or (2). (5) A strata title application for redevelopment must not be registered unless — ( a ) it is in the approved form; and ( b ) the strata title plan for redevelopment has been lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998. (5A) The strata title plan for redevelopment is deemed to be registered under the provisions of this Act on the date that the strata title application for redevelopment is registered by the Registrar. (6) On registration of the strata title application for redevelopment, parts of any lot which are capable of forming the common property as provided under this Act will form part of the common property, free from any encumbrances (except those created by statute and subsisting easements), in relation to all the lots comprised within the same parcel as described in the strata title plan first registered with the Registrar, without the need for a resolution made under section 25 directing the management corporation concerned to accept a transfer of such parts of a lot to form part of the common property. (7) On registration of the strata title application for redevelopment, the Registrar must make the appropriate amendment and entry on the relevant folios of the land-register and subsidiary strata land-register comprising the lot or lots shown in the strata title plan for redevelopment. (8) All other provisions of this Act relating to a strata title plan, a strata title application and a lot, so far as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, apply to a strata title plan for redevelopment, a strata title application for redevelopment and any lot shown therein, respectively.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 13
title: Common property
content:
13. —(1) On registration of the strata title application the Registrar must enter a memorial in the land-register on the volume and folio of the parcel to the effect that a subsidiary strata land-register has been created, and thereupon the common property is held by the subsidiary proprietors as tenants-in-common proportional to their respective share value and for the same term and tenure as their respective lots are held by them. (2) The Registrar on issuing a subsidiary strata certificate of title for a lot must certify therein the subsidiary proprietor’s share in the common property, but no subsidiary strata certificate of title is to be issued for the common property. (3) Any share in the common property must not be disposed of except as appurtenant to the lot of the subsidiary proprietor and any assurance of a lot operates to assure the share in the common property appurtenant to that lot without any express mention in the assurance. (4) The certificate of title comprising the parcel must be retained by the Registrar after the issue of the relevant subsidiary strata certificates of title. (5) Where the subsidiary strata certificates of title were issued before 15 April 1976, the duplicate certificate of title comprising the parcel may be deposited with the Registrar.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 14
title: Powers of mortgagees of flats brought under this Act
content:
14. Where all the flats in a development have been brought under this Act pursuant to section 50, 51 or 52, which were in force immediately prior to 1 December 1987, or pursuant to section 125, 125A, 126 or 127 or the repealed section 126A and subsidiary strata certificates of title have been issued for all the flats, the mortgagee whose mortgage was registered in respect of such a flat either under the Land Titles Act 1993 or the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 prior to the issue of a subsidiary strata certificate of title for the flat, is deemed — ( a ) to be the donee of an irrevocable power of attorney granted by the mortgagor in respect of the mortgagor’s estate in the undivided share in the common property appurtenant to the lot comprising the mortgaged flat upon the issue of the subsidiary strata certificate of title; and ( b ) to have been vested with all rights and powers as if the mortgagee is the registered proprietor of the estate in the share of the common property appurtenant to the flat mortgaged by the subsidiary proprietor as and when the mortgagee exercises the mortgagee’s powers as mortgagee under the registered mortgage of the flat. [4/2021]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 2 - SUBDIVISION AND SUBSIDIARY STRATA LAND-REGISTER
section: 15
title: Accessory lot
content:
15. —(1) An accessory lot or any share, estate or interest therein must not be dealt with independently of the lot to which the accessory lot has been made appurtenant as shown on the relevant registered strata title plan. (2) Any person who deals with any accessory lot or any share, estate or interest therein independently and not made as appurtenant to the lot which such accessory lot is shown on the relevant registered strata title plan as being appurtenant shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. (3) Any assurance made in contravention of subsection (1) must not be registered under this Act and any registration thereof is null and void and does not pass any estate or interest in the accessory lot. (4) Where such assurance has been registered, the Registrar on discovery thereof must cancel the registration, and no person affected by the cancellation is entitled to any compensation from the assurance fund.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 16
title: Easement of support
content:
16. —(1) In respect of each lot there is implied — ( a ) in favour of the subsidiary proprietor of the lot, and as appurtenant thereto, an easement for the subjacent and lateral support thereof by the common property and by every lot capable of affording support; and ( b ) as against the subsidiary proprietor of the lot, and to which the lot is subject, an easement for the subjacent and lateral support of the common property and to every other lot capable of enjoying support. (2) The easement of support created by this section entitles the subsidiary proprietor of the dominant tenement to enter on the servient tenement to replace, renew or restore any support.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 17
title: Easement of shelter
content:
17. —(1) Every subsidiary proprietor is entitled to have the subsidiary proprietor’s lot sheltered by all other parts of the subdivided building that are capable of affording shelter. (2) The right created by this section is an easement to which the aforesaid parts of the subdivided building are subject. (3) The easement of shelter created by this section entitles the subsidiary proprietor of the dominant tenement to enter on the servient tenement to replace, renew or restore any shelter.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 18
title: Easements for passage of water, sewerage, drainage and other services
content:
18. In respect of each lot there are implied — ( a ) in favour of the subsidiary proprietor of the lot, and as appurtenant thereto, easements for the passage or provision of water, sewerage, drainage, gas, electricity, garbage, artificially heated or cooled air and other services (including telephone, radio and television services) through or by means of any pipes, wires, cables or ducts to the extent to which those sewers, pipes, wires, cables or ducts are capable of being used in connection with the enjoyment of the lot; and ( b ) as against the subsidiary proprietor of the lot, and to which the lot is subject, easements for the passage or provision of water, sewerage, drainage, gas, electricity, garbage, artificially heated or cooled air and other services (including telephone, radio and television services) through or by means of any sewers, pipes, wires, cables or ducts, as appurtenant to the common property and also to every other lot capable of enjoying such easements.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 19
title: Easements for light, overhanging eaves and other projections
content:
19. —(1) In respect of each lot and the common property, there are implied in favour of the subsidiary proprietor of the dominant tenement and against the subsidiary proprietor of the servient tenement — ( a ) easement for uninterrupted access and use of light to or for any windows, doors or other apertures existing and enjoyed at the date of registration of the relevant strata title plan; and ( b ) the right to maintain and use overhanging eaves and other projections existing at the date of registration of the relevant strata title plan. (2) There are implied as appurtenant to the common property and subservient to any lot affected — ( a ) an easement for the provision of any service through any installation in any lot; and ( b ) an easement for support by any lot capable of providing support. (3) This section also extends to a lot for which a subsidiary strata certificate of title has been issued before 15 April 1976.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 20
title: Ancillary rights
content:
20. All ancillary rights and obligations reasonably necessary to make easements effective are implied whenever easements are created or implied by and under this Act.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 21
title: Waiver of registration of statutory easements
content:
21. The easements implied or created by this Act take effect and are enforceable without any memorial or notification on the folios of the subsidiary strata land-register and section 97(5) and (6) of the Land Titles Act 1993 does not apply to such easements.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 22
title: Creation of easements and restrictions
content:
22. —(1) This section applies where a management corporation has, in accordance with section 35(1) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004, passed a unanimous resolution to — ( a ) execute on the behalf of its subsidiary proprietors a grant of easement or a restrictive covenant burdening the parcel; ( b ) accept on their behalf a grant of easement or a restrictive covenant; ( c ) surrender on their behalf a grant of easement or a restrictive covenant burdening the parcel; or ( d ) accept on their behalf a surrender of a grant of easement or a restrictive covenant. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) The management corporation, if it is satisfied that the resolution was duly passed, and that all persons having registered interests in the parcel have consented in writing to the manner of creating those interests in respect of the registered land comprised in the proposed disposition, must execute the appropriate instrument and that instrument is valid and effective without any execution by any person having an interest in the parcel. (2A) The receipt of the management corporation for any moneys payable to the management corporation under the instrument mentioned in subsection (2), is a sufficient discharge and exonerates the person taking under the instrument from seeing to the application or being answerable for any loss or misapplication of the moneys expressed to have been so received. (3) Every instrument creating the easement or restrictive covenant lodged for registration must be endorsed with or accompanied by a certificate in the prescribed form under the seal of the management corporation that the resolution was duly passed and that all necessary consents were given, and the certificate in favour of a purchaser and the Registrar is conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein. (4) The Registrar must register the instrument creating the easement or restrictive covenant by making the appropriate notification on the relevant folio of the land-register.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 23
title: Dispositions of common property
content:
23. —(1) This section applies where a management corporation has, in accordance with section 34(1) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004, passed a 90% resolution as defined under that Act — ( a ) to execute on the behalf of its subsidiary proprietors a transfer of any part of the common property (including a part of any building or any immovable property affixed to common property); or ( b ) to execute on their behalf a lease of or rent part of such common property. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) The management corporation, if it is satisfied that the resolution was duly passed, and that all persons (other than the subsidiary proprietors) having registered interests in the parcel have consented in writing to the release of those interests in respect of the registered land comprised in the proposed transfer or lease, and that the relevant authority has consented in writing to the proposed transfer or lease so far as it affects subdivision and amalgamation of the land comprised therein, must execute the appropriate instrument. (2A) The instrument mentioned in subsection (2) is valid and effective without execution by any person having an interest in the common property, and the receipt of the management corporation for any moneys payable to the management corporation under the instrument is a sufficient discharge, and exonerates the purchaser from seeing to the application or being answerable for any loss or misapplication of the moneys expressed to have been so received. (3) Every instrument of such transfer or lease lodged for registration must be endorsed with or accompanied by a certificate in the approved form under the seal of the management corporation that the resolution was duly passed and that all necessary consents were given, and the certificate in favour of the purchaser and the Registrar is conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein. (4) Upon registration of the transfer by the Registrar, the part of the common property transferred is free from any encumbrances (except those created by statute and subsisting easements not created or implied under this Act) and the Registrar must — ( a ) enter a memorial of the transfer on the folio of the land‑register comprising the parcel; ( b ) amend the relevant folios of the land-register and subsidiary strata land-register in such manner as the Registrar may think fit so as to show thereon the part of the common property which has been transferred; and ( c ) issue to the transferee a certificate of title for the land transferred.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 24
title:
Vesting of part of common property in Government for roads, streets, road reserves, road widening, drainage reserves or for any other public use as shown on plans approved by relevant authority

content:
24. —(1) Where any part of land comprised in the common property of a parcel has been demarcated in any plan approved by the relevant authority for roads, streets, road reserves, road widening and drainage reserves or for any other public use, that part of the common property as demarcated for any of the above purposes becomes vested in the Government upon the registration by the Registrar of an instrument of vesting in the approved form lodged by the public authority. (2) The Registrar, if satisfied that the instrument of vesting relates to part of the common property as shown in the plan approved by the relevant authority for any of the purposes mentioned in subsection (1) and that the instrument has been duly executed and certified by the public authority, must, notwithstanding that any part of a building within one or more lots is erected on, over or under any part of such common property, register the instrument on the relevant folio of the land-register without production of the duplicate instrument. (2A) Upon registration under subsection (2), the estate or interest in the part of the common property comprised in the instrument of vesting vests in the Government freed and discharged from all encumbrances and from any subsisting easements. (3) On registration of the instrument of vesting, the Registrar must cancel the registration of any mortgage, charge or lease thereby overreached and make the appropriate notification on the relevant folio of the land-register comprising the common property. (4) The land thereby vested in the Government ceases to be subject to the provisions of the Land Titles Act 1993 and the Registrar must enter an appropriate notification to that effect on the relevant folio of the land-register, and create a new folio for the balance of the common property which remains vested in the subsidiary proprietors.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 25
title: Addition to common property
content:
25. —(1) This section applies where a management corporation has, in accordance with section 34(3) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004, passed a special resolution to accept — ( a ) a grant or transfer of any land (not being a lot within the parcel) which abuts the parcel, free from any encumbrances (except those created by statute and subsisting easements); ( b ) a grant or transfer of any lot, including the undivided share in the common property appurtenant to that lot, free from any encumbrances (except those created by statute and subsisting easements); or ( c ) a lease of land, not being a lot within the parcel, whether or not it abuts on the parcel, for the purpose of creating additional common property. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) The transfer lodged for registration must contain a request to the Registrar that such land or part thereof, or the lot transferred (as the case may be), be included as part of the common property. (3) Upon registration of the transfer, the Registrar must — ( a ) enter a memorial of the transfer on the folio of the land‑register comprising the common property; ( b ) amend the relevant folios of the land-register and subsidiary strata land-register in such manner as the Registrar may think fit so as to show thereon the transferred land or part thereof or the lot transferred as forming part of the common property; and ( c ) where a lot is transferred, amend the relevant folios of the subsidiary strata land-register to decrease the aggregate share value by a number equivalent to the share value of that lot. (4) Upon registration of the transfer by the Registrar — ( a ) the transferred land or the transferred lot (as the case may be) forms part of the common property and the provisions of this Act applicable to common property as varied by this section apply to the transferred land or lot; ( b ) the subsidiary proprietors hold the common property (including the transferred land or lot) as tenants‑in‑common in accordance with their respective share values as determined under subsection (3); and ( c ) without any further assurance the subsidiary proprietors hold the common property in the following manner: (i) where the tenure of the transferred land is similar to that of the common property held by the subsidiary proprietors prior to the date of the registration of the transfer of such land — the subsidiary proprietors hold the common property (including the transferred land) for the same term and tenure as tenants‑in‑common in the manner as provided in paragraph ( b ); (ii) where the tenure of the transferred land is not similar to that of the common property held by the subsidiary proprietors prior to the date of the registration of the transfer of such land — the subsidiary proprietors hold the entire term and tenure transferred to and accepted by the management corporation on behalf of the subsidiary proprietors as tenants-in-common in the manner as provided in paragraph ( b ); (iii) where a lot is transferred — the term and tenure of that lot which comprises the additional common property is to be held for the same term and tenure as that of the lots held by the subsidiary proprietors prior to the date of the registration of the transfer; (iv) if there is a subsisting registered mortgage, charge, lease or sub-lease or any other encumbrance on the lot of a subsidiary proprietor — the undivided share or shares in the transferred land or transferred lot forming the additional common property is or are to be held by the subsidiary proprietor of the said lot subject to the same mortgage, charge, lease or sub‑lease or any other such subsisting encumbrance. (5) Any reference to a transfer or transferred land in this section includes a lease of land mentioned in subsection (1)( c ).


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 26
title: Amalgamation of whole of common property comprised in 2 or more parcels
content:
26. —(1) This section applies where 2 or more management corporations have, in accordance with section 34(5) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004, passed their respective special resolutions to amalgamate their respective common properties; and the relevant management corporation must execute an instrument of transfer. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (1A) Upon registration of the instrument of transfer, such common property is amalgamated and held in the shares proportionate to their respective share values subject to the same covenants, conditions and encumbrances, and for the same term and tenure then held by the subsidiary proprietors in respect of their respective lots prior to the date of the registration of the transfer by the Registrar. (2) Such transfer must show the undivided proportionate shares to be held by each subsidiary proprietor named therein and must be executed by the relevant transferor management corporations. (3) The procedure laid down in section 23(2), (2A), (3) and (4) applies, with the necessary modifications, to the transferor management corporations and the subsidiary proprietors of the parcels to be amalgamated under this section. (4) Upon the amalgamation of the common property pursuant to the registration of the transfer by the Registrar — ( a ) the transferor management corporations are amalgamated into a single management corporation (called in this section the transferee management corporation) which is to be responsible for all matters relating to the management of the subdivided buildings and the common property relating thereto; ( b ) all the members of the transferor management corporations are the members of the transferee management corporation; ( c ) all the members of the management councils of the transferor management corporations are, until a new management council is elected for the transferee management corporation, deemed to be the members of the management council of the transferee management corporation; ( d ) all the properties of the transferor management corporations are deemed to be transferred to and vested in, and all the liabilities of the transferor management corporations are transferred to and become the liabilities of, the transferee management corporation; and ( e ) all legal proceedings pending by or against the transferor management corporations may be continued by or against the transferee management corporation. (5) In this section — “liabilities” includes duties; “properties” includes rights and powers of every description.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 27
title: Court orders affecting common property
content:
27. —(1) Every instrument of transfer or acceptance of a transfer lodged for registration under section 36 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 must be accompanied by a certified true copy of the order of the court made under that section directing such transfer or acceptance of a transfer, and where the approval of the competent authority is required for any subdivision and amalgamation of any land or common property, a true copy of the approval given by the competent authority must be lodged with the instrument. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) Upon the registration of the transfer by the Registrar — ( a ) in the case of a disposition of all or part of the common property — all subsidiary proprietors and other persons having registered interests in the common property are bound to accept the terms of the order of court and section 23(4) applies, with the necessary modifications, to the transfer; ( b ) in the case of an addition to the common property — section 25(3) and (4) applies, with the necessary modifications, to the transfer; and ( c ) in the case of the amalgamation of the common property of 2 or more management corporations — sections 23(4) and 26(2), (4) and (5) apply, with the necessary modifications, to the amalgamation.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 28
title: Limitation Act 1959 not to extend to common property
content:
28. No action shall be brought by any person claiming title by adverse possession to the common property of a parcel or to any accessory lot or any part thereof created under this Act and the provisions of the Limitation Act 1959 relating to adverse possession shall not extend to such common property and accessory lot.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 29
title: Unity of seisin not to affect easements, etc.
content:
29. Unity of seisin in 2 or more lots does not destroy easements or restrictions implied or created by this Part, but on the cessation of such unity they continue in full force and effect as if the seisin had never been united.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s30
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 30
title: Share values
content:
30. —(1) Each lot including a provisional lot (except an accessory lot) shown in a strata title plan has its share value determined as shown in the strata title application registered under section 9. (1A) In the case of a strata title plan comprising land and buildings in respect of which planning permission has been granted on or after 15 April 1976, each lot shown in that plan has the share value as shown in the schedule of strata units filed with and accepted by the Commissioner under section 11 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) The share value of a lot determines — ( a ) the voting rights of the subsidiary proprietors; ( b ) the quantum of the undivided share of each subsidiary proprietor in the common property; and ( c ) the amount of contributions levied by a management corporation on the subsidiary proprietors of all the lots in a subdivided building.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s31
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 31
title: Provisional lots
content:
31. —(1) An assurance of any provisional lot for which a subsidiary strata certificate of title is issued must not be registered under this Act and the Registrar must enter an appropriate caution on the relevant subsidiary strata certificate of title prohibiting any assurance of the provisional lot comprised therein from being registered. (2) Where an assurance of any provisional lot has been registered, the registration does not pass any title or interest in the said provisional lot, and the Registrar must, on discovery of the registration, cancel the registration, and no person affected by such cancellation is entitled to any compensation from the assurance fund. (3) The subsidiary proprietor of a provisional lot is required to lodge the relevant duplicate subsidiary strata certificate of title and an application with the Registrar for the cancellation of the Registrar’s caution mentioned in subsection (1) immediately after the relevant authority has certified to the effect that all buildings within the provisional lot have been completed to the satisfaction of the relevant authority. (4) The Registrar, after receipt of the application lodged for cancellation of the Registrar’s caution mentioned in subsection (1) and being satisfied that all buildings within the provisional lot have been completed to the satisfaction of the relevant authority, must cancel the caution endorsed on the subsidiary strata certificate of title and make the appropriate deletion of the word “provisional” wherever it appears as relating to that provisional lot in the records maintained by the Registrar, and thereupon that provisional lot constitutes a lot under this Act. (5) Where the word “provisional” has been deleted by the Registrar under subsection (4), any part of the lot which is capable of forming part of the common property comprised within the same parcel as shown in the strata title plan which was first registered with the Registrar forms part of the common property in relation to all the lots comprised within the same parcel as described in the strata title plan registered with the Registrar without the need for a resolution made under section 25 directing the management corporation concerned to accept a transfer of such part of the lot to form part of the common property. (6) Except as provided in subsections (1), (2) and (3), the provisions of this Act relating to a lot apply in all respects to a provisional lot. (7) In this section, “assurance” does not include any mortgage or charge or any application for vesting made under this Act.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s32
chapter: PART 3 - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
section: 32
title: Restrictions on subsidiary proprietor’s rights
content:
32. Any term or condition contained in a lease, granted in respect of a lot (whether created before, on or after 15 April 1976) creating a leasehold interest of a term of not less than 21 years computed as from the date of the lodgment of the lease with the Registrar, which seeks to deprive or deny the lessee under the lease of the lessee’s rights to exercise the powers conferred upon the lessee by this Act as the subsidiary proprietor of the lot relating to the management of the subdivided building and the common property, has no effect.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s77
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 77
title:
Variation of strata subdivision scheme consequent upon damage to or destruction of subdivided building

content:
77. —(1) Where all of the land and buildings comprised in a strata title plan is the subject of a declaration under section 5 of the Land Acquisition Act 1966, or any building comprised in a strata title plan is damaged or destroyed — ( a ) any subsidiary proprietor of a lot in the subdivided building; ( b ) where such a lot is subject to a mortgage or charge — the mortgagee or chargee; or ( c ) the management corporation, may make an application to the court for an order under subsection (4). (2) Notice of an application under subsection (1) must be served, in accordance with the Rules of Court, on — ( a ) every person referred to in subsection (1), other than the applicant; ( b ) the Commissioner; ( c ) the Registrar; ( d ) any person having a reversionary estate or interest in a lot in the subdivided building concerned; and ( e ) such other persons as the court may direct. (3) The applicant and any person referred to in subsection (2) (whether or not the person has been served with a notice of the application) are entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application. (4) The court may, on an application made under subsection (1) (except in relation to land and buildings that are the subject of a declaration under section 5 of the Land Acquisition Act 1966), make an order to settle a scheme for the reinstatement or continued use of the subdivided building in whole or in part. (5) An order made under subsection (4) takes effect on such day as may be specified in the order. (6) Without limiting subsection (4), an order made under that subsection may include directions for or with respect to any one or more of the following matters: ( a ) the substitution for the existing schedule of strata units of a new schedule of strata units; ( b ) the reinstatement in whole or in part of the building; ( c ) the transfer or vesting of the interests of subsidiary proprietors of lots which have been wholly or partly destroyed to or in the management corporation free from mortgages and charges; ( d ) the application of any insurance moneys received by the management corporation in respect of the damage to or destruction of the subdivided building; ( e ) the payment of moneys to or by the management corporation or the subsidiary proprietors or any one or more of them; ( f ) any matter in respect of which it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable, in the circumstances of the case, to make provision in the order. (7) An order made under subsection (4) has effect according to its tenor. (8) Where the court is of the opinion that an order should not be made under subsection (4), it may, upon application made by any person entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application made under subsection (1) or of its own motion, direct that the application be treated as an application for an order under section 78. (9) Where the court makes a direction under subsection (8) — ( a ) the application that is the subject of the direction is deemed to be made under section 78 by a person entitled to make the application; and ( b ) the applicant under subsection (1), as well as any other person entitled to appear and be heard under section 78, is entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application. (10) The court may vary any order made under subsection (4) on the application of any person entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application for that order.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s78
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 78
title: Termination of strata subdivision scheme by court
content:
78. —(1) An application to the court for an order for the termination of the strata subdivision of a subdivided building and the cancellation of the strata title plan registered under this Act may be made by — ( a ) any subsidiary proprietor of a lot in the subdivided building; ( b ) where such a lot is subject to a mortgage or a charge — the mortgagee or chargee; or ( c ) the management corporation. (1A) The court on being satisfied that it is just and equitable that the strata subdivision of a subdivided building be terminated may make an order to that effect after having considered — ( a ) the scheme and intent of this Act; ( b ) the probability of unfairness to one or more subsidiary proprietors if termination of subdivision is not ordered; and ( c ) the rights and interests of the subsidiary proprietors as a whole. (2) Notice of an application under subsection (1) must be served, in accordance with the Rules of Court, on — ( a ) every person referred to in subsection (1), other than the applicant; ( b ) the Commissioner; ( c ) the Registrar; ( d ) any person having a reversionary estate or interest in a lot in the subdivided building; and ( e ) such other persons (including creditors of the management corporation) as the court may direct. (3) The applicant and any person referred to in subsection (2) (whether or not the person has been served with a notice of the application) are entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application. (4) An order made under subsection (1) takes effect on such day as may be specified in the order. (5) An order made under subsection (1) must include directions for or with respect to the following matters: ( a ) the sale or disposition of any property of the management corporation; ( b ) the discharge of the liabilities of the management corporation; ( c ) the persons liable to contribute moneys required for the discharge of the liabilities of the management corporation and the proportionate liability of each such person; ( d ) the distribution of the assets of the management corporation and the proportionate entitlement of each person under that distribution; ( e ) the administration, powers, duties and functions of the management corporation; ( f ) the voting power at meetings of the management corporation of persons referred to in paragraph ( c ) or ( d ); ( g ) any matter in respect of which it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable, in the circumstances of the case, to make provision in the order; and ( h ) the winding up of the management corporation (including the appointment, powers, duties and functions of any person to carry out the winding up). (6) Upon an order under this section taking effect — ( a ) the persons who, immediately before the order took effect, were subsidiary proprietors of the lots that are the subject of the strata title plan concerned, cease to be subsidiary proprietors of those lots and are entitled to the parcel as tenants-in-common in the shares proportional to their respective share values and for the same term and tenure as their respective lots were held by them prior to the date the order took effect; ( b ) any subsisting encumbrance registered against any of the lots mentioned in paragraph ( a ) is an encumbrance on the share of the subsidiary proprietor concerned in the registered land comprising the parcel, and a memorial or notification of the encumbrance entered in the volume and folio of the land comprising the registered land must bear the same date as the date of registration of that encumbrance against the lot; ( c ) all statutory easements implied under this Act cease to affect the registered land comprising the parcel or any part thereof; and ( d ) the former subsidiary proprietors have the power to transfer their interests and estates in the parcel or any part thereof. (7) The provisions of an order made under this section have effect despite any provision of this Act, other than this section. (8) An order made under subsection (1) has effect according to its tenor. (9) Where the court is of the opinion that an order should not be made under subsection (1), it may, upon application made by any person entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application made under subsection (1) or of its own motion, direct that the application be treated as an application for an order under section 77. (9A) Where the court makes a direction under subsection (9) — ( a ) the application that is the subject of the direction is deemed to be an application made under section 77 by a person entitled to make the application; and ( b ) the applicant under subsection (1), as well as any other person entitled to appear and be heard under section 77, is entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application. (10) The court may, from time to time, vary any order made under subsection (1) on the application of any person who was entitled to appear and be heard on the hearing of the application for that order. (11) No application shall be made under this section where the only reason for the application by the subsidiary proprietors for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan is that they — ( a ) have not been able to satisfy the requirement under section 84A(1) or 84FA(2); ( b ) have been able to satisfy the requirement under section 84A(1) or 84FA(2) but have not made an application to a Board under section 84A(1) or 84FA(2); or ( c ) have been able to satisfy the requirement under section 84A(1) or 84FA(2) but their application for an order under section 84A or 84FA has been refused by a Board. [2/2012]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s79
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 79
title: Interchangeability of notices
content:
79. Any notice served under section 77 or 78 is, where it relates to an application which is required to be treated as an application under the other section, deemed to be a notice served under that other section.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s80
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 80
title: Consequences of making order under section 77 or 78
content:
80. —(1) Upon receipt of a certified copy of an order made under section 77 or 78, the Registrar must make appropriate entries in the subsidiary strata land-register of the effect of the order. (2) Where, pursuant to the receipt of a certified copy of an order made under section 78, the Registrar has made entries in accordance with subsection (1), the Registrar must, as soon as practicable after making the entries, cancel each folio of the subsidiary strata land‑register which evidences title to a lot that is the subject of the strata title plan.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s81
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 81
title: Termination of strata subdivision scheme by management corporation
content:
81. —(1) This section applies where a management corporation has, in accordance with section 84 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004, resolved to terminate the strata subdivision of the building. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (2) A management corporation must — ( a ) within 14 days after the passing of a resolution referred to in subsection (1), give notice of the resolution in one or more newspapers circulating in Singapore; and ( b ) within 30 days after the passing of the resolution, lodge an application with the Registrar to terminate the strata subdivision. (3) If a management corporation fails to comply with subsection (2), the management corporation and every officer of the management corporation who is in default shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000. (4) Upon registration of an application under subsection (2)( b ) to terminate the strata subdivision, the Registrar must cancel the relevant folios of the subsidiary strata land-register and enter a notification of the cancellation of the strata subdivision of the building and a memorial of the vesting of the parcel in the subsidiary proprietors as tenants-in-common in the relevant folio of the land‑register comprising the parcel. (5) Upon the entry of that memorial — ( a ) each subsidiary proprietor ceases to be a subsidiary proprietor of the lot, and is entitled to the parcel as a tenant‑in‑common with the other subsidiary proprietors in the shares proportional to the subsidiary proprietor’s share value and for the same term and tenure held by the subsidiary proprietor in respect of the subsidiary proprietor’s lot; ( b ) any subsisting encumbrance registered against a lot is an encumbrance on the share of the subsidiary proprietor concerned in the registered land comprising the parcel, and a memorial or notification of the encumbrance entered in the volume and folio of the land-register comprising that registered land must bear the same date as the date of registration of that encumbrance against the lot; and ( c ) all statutory easements implied under this Act cease to affect the registered land comprising the parcel or any part thereof. (6) The former subsidiary proprietors may by 90% resolution direct the management corporation to transfer the parcel or any part thereof. (7) The management corporation, if it is satisfied that the resolution was duly passed and that all persons having registered interests in the parcel have consented in writing to the release of their respective interests in the registered land comprising the parcel or any part thereof, intended to be transferred, must execute the appropriate transfer. (7A) The transfer under subsection (7) is valid and effective without execution by any person having a registered interest in the parcel, and the receipt of the management corporation for any moneys payable to the management corporation under the transfer is a sufficient discharge, and exonerates the person taking under the transfer from seeing to the application, or being answerable for any loss or misapplication, of the moneys expressed to have been so received. (8) A transfer under subsection (7) must not be accepted for registration unless accompanied by a certificate in the prescribed form under the seal of the management corporation that the resolution was duly passed and that all necessary consents were given, in favour of a purchaser of the parcel and in favour of the Registrar, and such a certificate is conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein. (9) When registered land or any part thereof is transferred by a former subsidiary proprietor or the management corporation after an application under subsection (2)( b ) to terminate the strata subdivision has been lodged with the Registrar — ( a ) the former subsidiary proprietor, if the transferor, must surrender to the Registrar the former subsidiary proprietor’s duplicate subsidiary strata certificate of title relating to the former subsidiary proprietor’s lot; ( b ) the management corporation, if it is transferring the land on behalf of all the former subsidiary proprietors, must surrender to the Registrar on behalf of all the former subsidiary proprietors their duplicate subsidiary strata certificates of title; and ( c ) the Registrar, on receipt of the duplicate subsidiary strata certificate or certificates of title comprising the lot or lots (as the case may be), must cancel the relevant folios of the subsidiary strata land-register, and the registration of the transfer is effected by the Registrar issuing a certificate of title for the undivided share in the registered land or for the whole of the registered land transferred to the transferee, as the case may be. (10) Despite the termination of a strata subdivision under this section, the relevant record of the subsidiary strata land-register may be used in evidence as a record of matters relating to the subdivision before its termination so long as the management corporation continues in existence. (11) Where a transfer of the parcel made under subsection (7) has been lodged with and registered by the Registrar, the management corporation continues in existence for the purpose of winding up its affairs. (12) Until a liquidator has been appointed by the management corporation for the purpose of carrying out the winding up of the management corporation, the council of the management corporation must continue to perform the management corporation’s business for the purpose of winding up its affairs. (13) On a management corporation being wound up — ( a ) every former subsidiary proprietor is liable to contribute to the assets of the management corporation to an amount sufficient for the payment of its debts and liabilities and the costs, charges and expenses of the winding up; and ( b ) the assets of the management corporation (if any) must be distributed among the former subsidiary proprietors, in the same proportion as the proportion of contributions for which the former subsidiary proprietors would have been liable in accordance with section 39(2) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s82
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 82
title: Liquidators
content:
82. —(1) Where a management corporation resolves that the strata subdivision of a building be terminated, it must immediately in general meeting appoint one or more liquidators for the purpose of winding up the affairs and distributing the assets of the management corporation and may fix the remuneration to be paid to the liquidator or liquidators, as the case may be. (2) Where a liquidator has not been appointed for a management corporation under this section, the court may, on the application of a former subsidiary proprietor, a former mortgagee or a creditor of the management corporation, appoint a liquidator for the management corporation. (3) On the appointment of a liquidator all the powers of the council of the management corporation cease and the liquidator has the power to carry on the management corporation’s business for the purpose of winding up its affairs. (4) The management corporation may in general meeting convened by any former subsidiary proprietor by special resolution of which special notice has been given to all the former subsidiary proprietors, former mortgagees, the creditors and the liquidators, remove any liquidator but no such resolution is effective to remove a liquidator if the court on the application of the liquidator or a creditor or a former mortgagee has ordered that the liquidator be not removed. (5) If a vacancy occurs by death, resignation, removal or otherwise in the office of a liquidator, the management corporation in general meeting must immediately fill the vacancy by the appointment of a liquidator and fix the remuneration to be paid to the liquidator, and for that purpose a general meeting may be convened by any former subsidiary proprietor or, if there were more liquidators than one, by the continuing liquidators. (6) The meeting must be held in the manner provided by this Act or in such manner as is on application by any former subsidiary proprietor or by the continuing liquidators determined by the court. (7) The court may, on the application of a former subsidiary proprietor, a former mortgagee or the liquidator and on being satisfied that the affairs of the management corporation have been wound up, make an order that the liquidator be released and that the management corporation be dissolved and on the expiry of 3 months of the lodging of the order with the Registrar and the Commissioner, the management corporation is dissolved. (8) Despite subsection (7), the court may, on the application of the liquidator or of any other person who appears to the court to be interested, make an order deferring the date at which the dissolution of the management corporation is to take effect for such time as the court thinks fit. (9) The person on whose application an order of the court under this section is made must, within 21 days after the making of the order, lodge with the Registrar and with the Commissioner a certified copy of the order, and if the person fails to do so the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s83
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 83
title: Qualifications of liquidator
content:
83. A person must not be appointed as a liquidator of a management corporation unless the person is a licensed insolvency practitioner under the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018. [40/2018]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s83A
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 83A
title: Application to subsidiary management corporations
content:
83A. Sections 81, 82 and 83 apply, with the necessary modifications, where a subsidiary management corporation has resolved to terminate its limited common property, in accordance with section 84 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84
chapter: PART 5 - VARIATION OR TERMINATION OF
section: 84
title: Interpretation of sections 81 and 82
content:
84. In sections 81 and 82 — “former mortgagee” means a person who, or a body which, immediately before the subdivision of a subdivided building is terminated under this Part, was the registered mortgagee of a lot, forming part of the subdivided building; “former subsidiary proprietor” means a person who, or a body which, immediately before the subdivision of a subdivided building is terminated under this Part, was the subsidiary proprietor of a lot, forming part of the subdivided building.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84A
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84A
title:
Application for collective sale of parcel by majority of subsidiary proprietors who have made conditional sale and purchase agreement

content:
84A. —(1) An application for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan may be made by — ( a ) the subsidiary proprietors of the lots with not less than 90% of the share values and not less than 90% of the total area of all the lots (excluding the area of any accessory lot) as shown in the subsidiary strata certificates of title where less than 10 years have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan, whichever is the later; or ( b ) the subsidiary proprietors of the lots with not less than 80% of the share values and not less than 80% of the total area of all the lots (excluding the area of any accessory lot) as shown in the subsidiary strata certificates of title where 10 years or more have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan, whichever is the later, who have agreed in writing to sell all the lots and common property in the strata title plan to a purchaser under a sale and purchase agreement which specifies the proposed method of distributing the sale proceeds to all the subsidiary proprietors (whether in cash or kind or both), subject to an order being made under subsection (6) or (7). [13/2010] (1A) For the purposes of a collective sale under this section and before the signing of the collective sale agreement by any subsidiary proprietor — ( a ) there must be constituted a collective sale committee to act jointly on behalf of the subsidiary proprietors of the lots whose members are elected by the subsidiary proprietors of the lots at a general meeting of the management corporation convened in accordance with the Second Schedule; and ( b ) the Third Schedule has effect as respects the collective sale committee, its composition, constitution, members and proceedings. (2) The subsidiary proprietors mentioned in subsection (1) must appoint not more than 3 persons from the collective sale committee mentioned in subsection (1A) to act jointly as their authorised representatives in connection with any application made under subsection (1). (2A) An application under subsection (1) for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan — ( a ) must be made to a Board in the first instance; and ( b ) may be made to the General Division of the High Court thereafter if, and only if, a section 84A stop order is issued by the Board under subsection (6A)( b ) with respect to the application to that Board in respect of the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (2B) An application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (1) for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan must be made within 14 days after a section 84A stop order is issued by a Board under subsection (6A)( b ) in relation to the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (3) Subject to subsection (7C), no application may be made to a Board under subsection (1) by the subsidiary proprietors mentioned in subsection (1) unless they have complied with the requirements specified in the First, Second and Third Schedules and have provided an undertaking to pay the costs of the Board under subsection (5). [13/2010] (4) In the case of an application to a Board under subsection (1) for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan, each of the following persons may file an objection to the sale, stating the grounds of objection, within 21 days after the date of the notice served pursuant to paragraph 1( e ) of the First Schedule or such longer period as the Board allows in exceptional circumstances, whether before or after the end of the 21 days: ( a ) a subsidiary proprietor of any lot in the strata title plan who has not agreed in writing to the sale; ( b ) a mortgagee, chargee or other person (other than a lessee) with an estate or interest in land and whose interest is notified on the land-register for that lot. [13/2010] (4A) Where a section 84A stop order is issued under subsection (6A)( b ) in respect of an application to a Board under subsection (1) for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan, and an application is then made to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (1) for an order for the same sale of all the lots and common property in the same strata title plan, any person referred to in subsection (4)( a ) or ( b ) who filed an objection to the Board (but no others) may re‑file the person’s objection to the sale, stating the same grounds of objection, to the General Division of the High Court in the manner and within the time delimited by the Rules of Court. [13/2010; 40/2019] (5) The Board has power — ( a ) to mediate in any matter arising from an application made to it under subsection (1); ( aa ) to summon any person whom the Board is of the view is connected or otherwise related to the sale which is the subject of the application, to attend before the Board at the time and place specified in the summons and to produce such books, documents or other records in the person’s custody or control which the person is required by the summons to produce; ( b ) to call for a valuation report or other report and to require the subsidiary proprietors mentioned in subsection (1) to pay for the costs; and ( c ) to impose such conditions as it may think fair and reasonable in approving an application made to it under subsection (1). [13/2010] (5A) Where an application is made under subsection (1) to the General Division of the High Court in the circumstances described in subsection (2A)( b ), the General Division of the High Court, without prejudice to any other powers it may have under law, has power — ( a ) to summon any person whom the General Division of the High Court is of the view is connected or otherwise related to the sale which is the subject of the application, to attend before the General Division of the High Court at the time and place specified in the summons and to produce such books, documents or other records in the person’s custody or control which the person is required by the summons to produce; ( b ) to call for a valuation report or other report and to require the subsidiary proprietors mentioned in subsection (1) to pay for the costs; and ( c ) to impose such conditions as it may think fair and reasonable in approving the application. [13/2010; 40/2019] (6) Where an application has been made under subsection (1) to a Board and no objection has been filed under subsection (4), the Board must, subject to subsection (9), approve the application and order that the lots and common property in the strata title plan be sold. [13/2010] (6A) Where an application is made under subsection (1) to a Board, and one or more objections have been filed under subsection (4) in relation to that application — ( a ) the Board must mediate matters that are in dispute between the objectors and the applicants to achieve a resolution of the dispute; and ( b ) if — (i) at the end of a period of 60 days starting from the first day set aside for mediation; or (ii) mediation has proceeded as far as it reasonably can in an attempt to achieve a resolution of the dispute but has nevertheless failed to resolve the dispute, whichever first occurs, one or more of those objections are not withdrawn, the Board must, subject to subsection (6B), order a discontinuance of all proceedings before it in connection with that application (called in this section a section 84A stop order). [13/2010] (6B) No section 84A stop order shall be made by a Board under subsection (6A)( b ) with respect to an application made to it under subsection (1) unless — ( a ) the Board has, by notice served on every objector who filed an objection under subsection (4) in relation to that application and the authorised representatives of the applicants, informed the objector and authorised representatives of its intention to make a section 84A stop order; and ( b ) at the end of a period of 7 days after the notice under paragraph ( a ) is so served, one or more of those objections so filed are not withdrawn. [13/2010] (7) Where one or more objections have been filed under subsection (4A) in respect of an application under subsection (1) to the General Division of the High Court, the General Division of the High Court is to, subject to subsection (9), approve the application and order that all the lots and common property in the strata title plan be sold unless, having regard to the objections, the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that — ( a ) any objector, being a subsidiary proprietor, will incur a financial loss; or ( b ) the proceeds of sale for any lot to be received by any objector, being a subsidiary proprietor, mortgagee or chargee, are insufficient to redeem any mortgage or charge in respect of the lot. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7A) An order made under subsection (7) by the General Division of the High Court may, with the consent of the collective sale committee, include an order that the proceeds of sale for any lot to be received by an objector, being a subsidiary proprietor who has filed an objection under subsection (4A), be increased if the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that it would be just and equitable to do so. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7B) The total sum ordered by the General Division of the High Court for all the objectors under subsection (7A) is to be paid from the proceeds of sale of all the subsidiary proprietors and must not exceed the aggregate sum of 0.25% of the proceeds of sale for each lot or $2,000 for each lot, whichever is the higher. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7C) A Board must not invalidate an application to the Board for an order under subsection (1) or section 84D(2), 84E(3) or 84FA(2) by reason only of non-compliance with any requirement in the First, Second or Third Schedule if the Board is satisfied that such non‑compliance does not prejudice the interest of any person, and the Board may make such order as may be necessary to rectify the non‑compliance and such order for costs. (8) For the purposes of subsection (7)( a ), a subsidiary proprietor — ( a ) is taken to have incurred a financial loss if the proceeds of sale for the subsidiary proprietor’s lot, after such deduction as the General Division of the High Court may allow (including all or any of the deductions specified in the Fourth Schedule), are less than the price the subsidiary proprietor paid for that lot; ( b ) is not to be taken to have incurred a financial loss by reason only that the subsidiary proprietor’s net gain from the sale of the subsidiary proprietor’s lot will be less than the other subsidiary proprietors; and ( c ) is not to be taken to have incurred a financial loss by reason that the proceeds of sale for the subsidiary proprietor’s lot, after such deduction as the General Division of the High Court may allow (including all or any of the deductions specified in the Fourth Schedule), are less than the price the subsidiary proprietor paid for that lot if the subsidiary proprietor had purchased the lot after a collective sale committee had signed a sale and purchase agreement to sell all the lots and common property to a purchaser. [13/2010; 40/2019] (9) The General Division of the High Court or a Board must not approve an application made under subsection (1) — ( a ) if the Gener


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84B
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84B
title: Effect of order of General Division of High Court or Board
content:
84B. —(1) Where the General Division of the High Court or a Board has made an order under section 84A(6), (7) or (11) — ( a ) the order binds all the subsidiary proprietors of the lots in the strata title plan, their successors in title and assigns and any mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in land; ( b ) the subsidiary proprietors of the lots must sell the lots and common property in accordance with the sale and purchase agreement; and ( c ) a lease affecting any of the lots in the strata title plan (other than a lease held by a subsidiary proprietor) determines, if there is no earlier agreed date, on the date on which vacant possession is to be given to the purchaser of the lots and common property. [13/2010; 40/2019] (2) Nothing in subsection (1)( c ) prejudices the rights of any lessee of a subsidiary proprietor to compensation from the subsidiary proprietor. (3) [ Deleted by Act 13 of 2010 ] (4) The subsidiary proprietors of the lots who have not agreed in writing to the sale under section 84A and any mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in those lots must, for the purposes of the sale of the lots and common property, produce the subsidiary strata certificates of title for the lots to the person having conduct of the sale, the representatives appointed under section 84A(2) or to their solicitors.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84C
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84C
title:
Power of General Division of High Court or Board to appoint person to act for certain subsidiary proprietor

content:
84C. —(1) Where the General Division of the High Court or a Board has made an order under section 84A(6), (7) or (11), the General Division of the High Court or the president, deputy president or registrar of the Board (as the case may be) may, on application by the representatives of the subsidiary proprietors appointed under section 84A(2), appoint any person to deal with all matters in connection with the sale of any lot — ( a ) where the subsidiary proprietor of the lot has died and no personal representative has been appointed; or ( b ) in such other case as the General Division of the High Court or the president, deputy president or registrar of the Board (as the case may be) thinks fit. [13/2010; 2/2012; 40/2019] (2) The General Division of the High Court or the president, deputy president or registrar of the Board (as the case may be) may authorise the person appointed under subsection (1) to act for the subsidiary proprietor concerned in all aspects of the sale, including the redemption of mortgages and charges, the execution of the transfer, the receipt of moneys, the settlement of encumbrances on the lot, applying for a replacement subsidiary strata certificate of title, giving valid receipts thereof and as soon as practicable paying the remaining moneys into court under section 62 of the Trustees Act 1967. [13/2010; 40/2019] (3) The execution of any instrument in respect of any lot by the person appointed under subsection (1) has the same force and validity as if it had been executed by the subsidiary proprietor in whom the lot is vested. (4) When the transfers of the lots in the strata title plan are lodged for registration under this Act, the authorised representatives or the solicitor acting for the subsidiary proprietors or the person appointed under subsection (1) must certify in such form as the Registrar may approve that the provisions of section 84A have been complied with; and the certificate in favour of the purchaser of the lots and common property and the Registrar is conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84D
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84D
title:
Application for collective sale of parcel not registered under this Act by majority of proprietors where proprietors of flats own land

content:
84D. —(1) This section applies where there are subsisting leases of flats in a development registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 or the Land Titles Act 1993 and the proprietors of the flats own the land comprised in the development. (2) An application for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies may be made by — ( a ) the proprietors of the flats who own not less than 90% share of the land and not less than 90% of the total area of all the flats where less than 10 years have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development, whichever is the later; or ( b ) the proprietors of the flats who own not less than 80% share of the land and not less than 80% of the total area of all the flats where 10 years or more have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development, whichever is the later, who have agreed in writing to sell all the flats and the land in the development to a purchaser under a sale and purchase agreement which specifies the proposed method of distributing the sale proceeds to all the proprietors of the flats (whether in cash or kind or both), subject to an order being made under subsection (4) or (5). [13/2010] (2A) An application under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies — ( a ) must be made to a Board in the first instance; and ( b ) may be made to the General Division of the High Court thereafter if, and only if, a section 84D stop order is issued by the Board under subsection (4A)( b ) with respect to the application to that Board in respect of the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (2B) An application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies must be made within a period of 14 days after a section 84D stop order is issued by a Board under subsection (4A)( b ) in relation to the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (3) In the case of an application to a Board under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies, each of the following persons may file an objection to the sale, stating the grounds for the objection, within 21 days after the date of the notice served pursuant to paragraph 1( e ) of the First Schedule or such longer period as the Board allows in exceptional circumstances, whether before or after the end of the 21 days: ( a ) a proprietor of any flat in the development who has not agreed in writing to the sale; ( b ) a mortgagee, chargee or other person (other than a lessee) with an estate or interest in the flat and whose interest is notified on the land-register for that flat. [13/2010] (3A) Where a section 84D stop order is issued under subsection (4A)( b ) in respect of an application to a Board under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies, and an application is made to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (2) for an order for the same sale of all the flats and the land in the same development, any person referred to in subsection (3)( a ) or ( b ) who filed an objection to the Board (but no others) may re‑file the person’s objection to the sale, stating the same grounds of objection, to the General Division of the High Court in the manner and within the time delimited by the Rules of Court. [13/2010; 40/2019] (4) Where an application has been made to a Board under subsection (2) and no objection has been filed under subsection (3), the Board must, subject to subsection (7), approve the application and order that the flats and the land in the development be sold. [13/2010] (4A) Where an application is made under subsection (2) to a Board, and one or more objections have been filed under subsection (3) in relation to that application — ( a ) the Board must mediate matters that are in dispute between the objectors and the applicants to achieve a resolution of the dispute; and ( b ) if — (i) at the end of a period of 60 days starting from the first day set aside for mediation; or (ii) mediation has proceeded as far as it reasonably can in an attempt to achieve a resolution of the dispute but has nevertheless failed to resolve the dispute, whichever first occurs, one or more of those objections are not withdrawn, the Board must, subject to subsection (4B), order a discontinuance of all proceedings before it in connection with that application (called in this section a section 84D stop order). [13/2010] (4B) A section 84D stop order must not be made by a Board under subsection (4A)( b ) with respect to an application made to it under subsection (2) unless — ( a ) the Board has, by notice served on every objector who filed an objection under subsection (3) in relation to that application and the authorised representatives of the applicants, informed the objector and authorised representatives of its intention to make a section 84D stop order; and ( b ) at the end of a period of 7 days after the notice under paragraph ( a ) is so served, one or more of those objections so filed are not withdrawn. [13/2010] (5) Where one or more objections have been filed under subsection (3A) in respect of an application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (2), the General Division of the High Court is to, subject to subsection (7), approve the application and order that the flats and the land in the development be sold unless, having regard to the objections, the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that — ( a ) any objector, being a proprietor, will incur a financial loss; or ( b ) the proceeds of sale for any flat to be received by any objector, being a proprietor, mortgagee or chargee, are insufficient to redeem any mortgage or charge in respect of the flat. [13/2010; 40/2019] (5A) An order made under subsection (5) by the General Division of the High Court may, with the consent of the collective sale committee, include an order that the proceeds of sale for any flat to be received by an objector, being a proprietor who has filed an objection under subsection (3A), be increased if the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that it would be just and equitable to do so. [13/2010; 40/2019] (5B) The total sum ordered by the General Division of the High Court for all the objectors under subsection (5A) is to be paid from the proceeds of sale of all the proprietors and must not exceed the aggregate sum of 0.25% of the proceeds of sale for each flat or $2,000 for each flat, whichever is the higher. [13/2010; 40/2019] (6) For the purposes of subsection (5)( a ), a proprietor — ( a ) is taken to have incurred a financial loss if the proceeds of sale for the proprietor’s flat, after any deduction allowed by the General Division of the High Court, are less than the price the proprietor paid for that flat; ( b ) is not to be taken to have incurred a financial loss by reason only that the proprietor’s net gain from the sale of the proprietor’s flat will be less than the other proprietors. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7) The General Division of the High Court or a Board must not approve an application made under subsection (2) — ( a ) if the General Division of the High Court or Board (as the case may be) is satisfied that — (i) the transaction is not in good faith after taking into account only the following factors: (A) the sale price for the flats and the land in the development; (B) the method of distributing the proceeds of sale; and (C) the relationship of the purchaser to any of the proprietors; or (ii) the sale and purchase agreement would require any proprietor who has not agreed in writing to the sale to be a party to any arrangement for the development of the flats and the land in the development; or ( b ) if the collective sale committee does not consent to any order made by the General Division of the High Court under subsection (5A). [13/2010; 40/2019] (8) Where no objection has been filed under subsection (3) to a Board or under subsection (3A) to the General Division of the High Court, the determination under subsection (7) is to be made by the General Division of the High Court or the Board on the basis of the facts available to the General Division of the High Court or Board, as the case may be. [13/2010; 40/2019] (9) Sections 84A(1A), (2), (3), (5), (5A), (7C), (8)( a ), ( b ) and ( c ), (11), (11A), (12) and (13), 84B and 84C and the Second and Third Schedules apply, with the necessary modifications, to any application or order made under this section. [13/2010; 2/2012] (9A) In the application of section 84A(1A) and the Second and Third Schedules to any development to which this section applies, any reference to a management corporation is to be read as a reference to the proprietors of the flats. (10) In this section — “development” means any parcel of land with one or more buildings where the parcel is owned by the proprietors of the flats; “proprietor” includes a successor in title.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84E
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84E
title:
Application for collective sale where proprietors of flats own leasehold tenure of at least 850 years or other tenure in flats not registered under this Act but do not own land

content:
84E. —(1) This section applies where there are subsisting leases of flats in a development registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 or the Land Titles Act 1993 for a leasehold tenure of 850 years or more or for such other tenure as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette , specify and where the proprietors of the flats do not own the land comprised in the development. (2) The proprietors of 25% of the flats to which this section applies may apply to the Registrar for notional shares in the land to be assigned to each of the flats based on the method used by the Commissioner for the allocation of share values. (3) An application for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies may be made by — ( a ) the proprietors of the flats who own not less than 90% notional share of the land and not less than 90% of the total area of all the flats where less than 10 years have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development, whichever is the later; or ( b ) the proprietors of the flats who own not less than 80% of notional share of the land and not less than 80% of the total area of all the flats where 10 years or more have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the development, whichever is the later, who have agreed in writing to sell all the flats in the development to a purchaser under a sale and purchase agreement which specifies the proposed method of distributing the sale proceeds to all the proprietors of the flats (whether in cash or kind or both), subject to an order being made under subsection (6) or (7). [13/2010] (3A) An application under subsection (3) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies — ( a ) must be made to a Board in the first instance; and ( b ) may be made to the General Division of the High Court thereafter if, and only if, a section 84E stop order is issued by the Board under subsection (6A)( b ) with respect to the application to that Board in respect of the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (3B) An application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (3) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies must be made within 14 days after a section 84E stop order is issued by a Board under subsection (6A)( b ) in relation to the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (4) The proprietors of the flats mentioned in subsection (3) must also serve a copy of the notice to be served pursuant to the First Schedule on the proprietor of the land and every mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in the land and whose interest is notified on the land‑register for that land. (5) In the case of an application to a Board under subsection (3) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies, each of the following persons may file an objection to the sale, stating the grounds of objection, within 21 days after the date of the notice served pursuant to paragraph 1( e ) of the First Schedule or such longer period as the Board allows in exceptional circumstances, whether before or after the end of the 21 days: ( a ) a proprietor of any flat in the development who has not agreed in writing to the sale; ( b ) a mortgagee, chargee or other person (other than a lessee) with an estate or interest in the flat and whose interest is notified on the land‑register for that flat. [13/2010] (5A) Where a section 84E stop order is issued under subsection (6A)( b ) in respect of an application to a Board under subsection (3) for an order for the sale of all the flats and the land in a development to which this section applies, and an application is made to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (3) for an order for the same sale of all the flats and the land in the same development, any person referred to in subsection (5)( a ) or ( b ) who filed an objection to the Board (but no others) may re‑file the person’s objection to the sale, stating the same grounds of objection, to the General Division of the High Court in the manner and within the time delimited by the Rules of Court. [13/2010; 40/2019] (6) Where an application has been made to a Board under subsection (3) and no objection has been filed under subsection (5), the Board must, subject to subsection (9), approve the application and order that the flats and the land in the development be sold. [13/2010] (6A) Where an application is made under subsection (3) to a Board, and one or more objections have been filed under subsection (5) in relation to that application — ( a ) the Board must mediate matters that are in dispute between the objectors and the applicants to achieve a resolution of the dispute; and ( b ) if — (i) at the end of a period of 60 days starting from the first day set aside for mediation; or (ii) mediation has proceeded as far as it reasonably can in an attempt to achieve a resolution of the dispute but has nevertheless failed to resolve the dispute, whichever first occurs, one or more of those objections are not withdrawn, the Board must, subject to subsection (6B), order a discontinuance of all proceedings before it in connection with that application (called in this section a section 84E stop order). [13/2010] (6B) A section 84E stop order must not be made by a Board under subsection (6A)( b ) with respect to an application made to it under subsection (3) unless — ( a ) the Board has, by notice served on every objector who filed an objection under subsection (5) in relation to that application and the authorised representatives of the applicants, informed the objector and authorised representatives of its intention to make a section 84E stop order; and ( b ) at the end of a period of 7 days after the notice under paragraph ( a ) is so served, one or more of those objections so filed are not withdrawn. [13/2010] (7) Where one or more objections have been filed under subsection (5A) in respect of an application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (3), the General Division of the High Court must, subject to subsection (9), approve the application and order that all the flats and the land in the development be sold unless, having regard to the objections, the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that — ( a ) any objector, being a proprietor, will incur a financial loss; or ( b ) the proceeds of sale for any flat to be received by any objector, being a proprietor, mortgagee or chargee, are insufficient to redeem any mortgage or charge in respect of the flat. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7A) An order made under subsection (7) by the General Division of the High Court may, with the consent of the collective sale committee, include an order that the proceeds of sale for any flat to be received by an objector, being a proprietor who has filed an objection under subsection (5), be increased if the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that it would be just and equitable to do so. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7B) The total sum ordered by the General Division of the High Court for all the objectors under subsection (7A) is to be paid from the proceeds of sale of all the proprietors and must not exceed the aggregate sum of 0.25% of the proceeds of sale for each flat or $2,000 for each flat, whichever is the higher. [13/2010; 40/2019] (8) For the purposes of subsection (7)( a ), a proprietor — ( a ) is taken to have incurred a financial loss if the proceeds of sale for the proprietor’s flat, after any deduction allowed by the General Division of the High Court, are less than the price the proprietor paid for that flat; ( b ) is not to be taken to have incurred a financial loss by reason only that the proprietor’s net gain from the sale of the proprietor’s flat will be less than the other proprietors. [13/2010; 40/2019] (9) The General Division of the High Court or a Board must not approve an application made under subsection (3) — ( a ) if the General Division of the High Court or Board (as the case may be) is satisfied that — (i) the transaction is not in good faith after taking into account only the following factors: (A) the sale price for the flats and the land in the development; (B) the method of distributing the proceeds of sale; and (C) the relationship of the purchaser to any of the proprietors; or (ii) the sale and purchase agreement would require any proprietor who has not agreed in writing to the sale to be a party to any arrangement for the development of the flats and the land in the development; or ( b ) if the collective sale committee does not consent to any order made by the General Division of the High Court under subsection (7A). [13/2010; 40/2019] (10) Where no objection has been filed under subsection (5) to a Board or under subsection (5A) to the General Division of the High Court, the determination under subsection (9) is to be made by the General Division of the High Court or the Board on the basis of the facts available to the General Division of the High Court or Board, as the case may be. [13/2010; 40/2019] (11) Where the General Division of the High Court or a Board (as the case may be) has made an order for the sale of the flats and the land, the proprietor of the land is deemed to have transferred that proprietor’s estate and interest in the land to the purchaser without consideration upon the registration by the Registrar of the transfers of all the flats (except the flats deemed to be owned by the proprietor under subsection (14)) in the development and the Registrar must enter a notification of the vesting of the land in the purchaser on the land‑register. [13/2010; 40/2019] (12) The proprietors of the flats who have not agreed in writing to the sale, the proprietor of the land, a mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in land, where applicable, must produce the title deeds for the flats or the land to the person having conduct of the sale, the representatives appointed under section 84A(2) or to their solicitors. (13) If the title deeds for the flats or the land are not produced under subsection (12), the person having conduct of the sale is not required to produce to the purchaser any title deed other than a certified true copy of the title deed or a subsidiary certificate of title. (14) Where the proprietor of the land in a development mentioned in subsection (1) has granted leases for some but not all the flats in the development, that proprietor is deemed to be the proprietor of the flats which are still owned by that proprietor. (14A) Upon registration by the Registrar of the transfers of all the flats (except the flats deemed to be owned by the proprietor under subsection (14)) in the development — ( a ) the proprietor of the land is deemed to have transferred that proprietor’s estate and interest in the flats which are still owned by that proprietor to the purchaser; and ( b ) the Registrar must enter a notification of the vesting of those flats in the purchaser on the land-register. (14B) The Registrar may dispense with production of the certificate of title for the land for the purposes of subsections (11) and (14A). (15) Sections 84A(1A), (2), (3), (5), (5A), (7C), (8)( a ), ( b ) and ( c ), (11), (11A), (12) and (13), 84B and 84C a


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84F
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84F
title:
Collective sale by all proprietors of flats who own leasehold tenure of at least 850 years or other tenure in flats not registered under this Act but do not own land

content:
84F. —(1) This section applies where there are subsisting leases of flats registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 or the Land Titles Act 1993 for a leasehold tenure of 850 years or more or for such other tenure as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette , specify and where the proprietors of the flats do not own the land comprised in the development. (2) Where the proprietors of all the flats in a development to which this section applies agree in writing under a sale and purchase agreement to sell all their flats to a purchaser (whether in cash or kind or both), they must serve a notice on the proprietor of the land and every mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in the land and whose interest is notified on the land-register at least 21 days before the date of the first transfer of any such flat informing them of the transfer under subsection (4). (3) Notice under subsection (2) must be given by — ( a ) advertising the proposed sale in such local newspapers in the 4 official languages as approved by the Registrar; ( b ) serving the notice on the proprietor of the land and every mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in the land and whose interest is notified on the land-register by registered post; and ( c ) affixing a copy of the notice in the 4 official languages to a conspicuous part of each building in the development. (4) The proprietor of the land mentioned in subsection (2) is deemed to have transferred that proprietor’s estate and interest in the land to the purchaser without consideration upon the registration by the Registrar of the transfers of all the flats in the development and the Registrar must enter a notification of the vesting of the land in the purchaser on the land-register. (5) A notice sent by registered post under this section to a proprietor of the land, that proprietor’s mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in the land and whose interest is notified on the land-register at its last registered address in the case of a company registered under the Companies Act 1967 or otherwise at its last recorded address at the Land Titles Registry or the Registry of Deeds (as the case may be) is deemed to be duly served on the person to whom it is addressed 2 days after the day on which the notice was posted, despite the fact that the letter may be returned by the post office as undelivered. (6) When the transfers of the flats to which this section applies are lodged for registration with the Registrar, the solicitors acting for the proprietors of the flats must certify in such form as the Registrar may determine that the provisions of this section have been complied with, and the certificate in favour of the purchaser and the Registrar is conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein. (7) Section 84E(12), (13), (14B) and (16) applies, with the necessary modifications, to a development to which this section applies.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84FA
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84FA
title:
Application for collective sale of parcel by majority of subsidiary proprietors who own registered leasehold tenure of at least 850 years or other tenure

content:
84FA. —(1) This section applies where there are subsisting leases registered under the Land Titles Act 1993 of all or some of the lots in a strata title plan for a leasehold tenure of 850 years or more or for such other tenure as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette , specify. (2) An application for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan to which this section applies may be made by — ( a ) the subsidiary proprietors of the lots with not less than 90% of the share values and not less than 90% of the total area of all the lots (excluding the area of any accessory lot) as shown in the subsidiary strata certificates of title where less than 10 years have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan, whichever is the later; or ( b ) the subsidiary proprietors of the lots with not less than 80% of the share values and not less than 80% of the total area of all the lots (excluding the area of any accessory lot) as shown in the subsidiary strata certificates of title where 10 years or more have passed since the date of the issue of the latest temporary occupation permit on completion of any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan or, if no temporary occupation permit was issued, the date of the issue of the latest certificate of statutory completion for any building (not being any common property) comprised in the strata title plan, whichever is the later, who have agreed in writing to sell all the lots and common property in the strata title plan to a purchaser under a sale and purchase agreement which specifies the proposed method of distributing the sale proceeds to all the subsidiary proprietors (whether in cash or kind or both), subject to an order being made under subsection (5) or (6). [13/2010] (2A) An application under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a strata title plan to which this section applies — ( a ) must be made to a Board in the first instance; and ( b ) may be made to the General Division of the High Court thereafter if, and only if, a section 84FA stop order is issued by the Board under subsection (5A)( b ) with respect to the application to that Board in respect of the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (2B) An application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the lots and common property in a development to which this section applies must be made within 14 days after a section 84FA stop order is issued by a Board under subsection (5A)( b ) in relation to the same sale. [13/2010; 40/2019] (3) The subsidiary proprietors of the lots mentioned in subsection (2) must also serve on the subsidiary proprietor in reversion of the leasehold estate and every mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in land and whose interest is notified on the subsidiary strata land‑register for the lots, a copy of all notices to be served pursuant to the First Schedule. (4) In the case of an application to a Board under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the lots and the common property in a strata title plan to which this section applies, each of the following persons may file an objection to the sale, stating the grounds of objection, within 21 days after the date of the notice served pursuant to paragraph 1( e ) of the First Schedule or such longer period as the Board allows in exceptional circumstances, whether before or after the end of the 21 days: ( a ) a subsidiary proprietor of any lot in the strata title plan who has not agreed in writing to the sale; ( b ) a mortgagee, chargee or other person (other than a lessee) with an estate or interest in the land and whose interest is notified on the subsidiary strata land‑register for that lot. [13/2010] (4A) Where a section 84FA stop order is issued under subsection (5A)( b ) in respect of an application to a Board under subsection (2) for an order for the sale of all the lots and the common property in a strata title plan to which this section applies, and an application is made to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (2) for an order for the same sale of all the lots and the common property in the same strata title plan, any person referred to in subsection (4)( a ) or ( b ) who filed an objection to the Board (but no others) may re‑file the person’s objection to the sale, stating the same grounds of objection, to the General Division of the High Court in the manner and within the time delimited by the Rules of Court. [13/2010; 40/2019] (5) Where an application has been made to a Board under subsection (2) and no objection has been filed under subsection (4), the Board must, subject to subsection (9), approve the application and order that the lots and common property in the strata title plan be sold. [13/2010] (5A) Where an application is made under subsection (2) to a Board, and one or more objections have been filed under subsection (4) in relation to that application — ( a ) the Board must mediate matters that are in dispute between the objectors and the applicants to achieve a resolution of the dispute; and ( b ) if — (i) at the end of a period of 60 days starting from the first day set aside for mediation; or (ii) mediation has proceeded as far as it reasonably can in an attempt to achieve resolution of the dispute but has nevertheless failed to resolve the dispute, whichever first occurs, one or more of those objections are not withdrawn, the Board must, subject to subsection (5B), order a discontinuance of all proceedings before it in connection with that application (called in this section a section 84FA stop order). [13/2010] (5B) A section 84FA stop order must not be made by a Board under subsection (5A)( b ) with respect to an application made to it under subsection (2) unless — ( a ) the Board has, by notice served on every objector who filed an objection under subsection (4) in relation to that application and the authorised representatives of the applicants, informed the objector and authorised representatives of its intention to make a section 84FA stop order; and ( b ) at the end of a period of 7 days after the notice under paragraph ( a ) is so served, one or more of those objections so filed are not withdrawn. [13/2010] (6) Where one or more objections have been filed under subsection (4A) in respect of an application to the General Division of the High Court under subsection (2), the General Division of the High Court must, subject to subsection (9), approve the application and order that the lots and common property be sold unless, having regard to the objections, the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that — ( a ) any objector, being a subsidiary proprietor, will incur a financial loss; or ( b ) the proceeds of sale for any lot to be received by any objector, being a subsidiary proprietor, mortgagee or chargee, are insufficient to redeem any mortgage or charge in respect of the lot. [13/2010; 40/2019] (7) An order made under subsection (6) by the General Division of the High Court may, with the consent of the collective sale committee, include an order that the proceeds of sale for any lot to be received by an objector, being a subsidiary proprietor who has filed an objection under subsection (4A), be increased if the General Division of the High Court is satisfied that it would be just and equitable to do so. [13/2010; 40/2019] (8) The total sum ordered by the General Division of the High Court for all the objectors under subsection (7) is to be paid from the proceeds of sale of all the subsidiary proprietors and must not exceed the aggregate sum of 0.25% of the proceeds of sale for each lot or $2,000 for each lot, whichever is the higher. [13/2010; 40/2019] (9) The General Division of the High Court or a Board must not approve an application made under subsection (2) — ( a ) if the General Division of the High Court or Board (as the case may be) is satisfied that — (i) the transaction is not in good faith after taking into account only the following factors: (A) the sale price for the lots and the common property in the strata title plan; (B) the method of distributing the proceeds of sale; and (C) the relationship of the purchaser to any of the subsidiary proprietors; or (ii) the sale and purchase agreement would require any subsidiary proprietor who has not agreed in writing to the sale to be a party to any arrangement for the development of the lots and the common property in the strata title plan; or ( b ) if the collective sale committee does not consent to any order made by the General Division of the High Court under subsection (7). [13/2010; 40/2019] (10) Where no objection has been filed under subsection (4) to a Board or under subsection (4A) to the General Division of the High Court, the determination under subsection (9) is to be made by the General Division of the High Court or the Board on the basis of the facts available to the General Division of the High Court or Board, as the case may be. [13/2010; 40/2019] (11) Where the General Division of the High Court or a Board (as the case may be) has made an order for the sale of the lots and the common property in the strata title plan — ( a ) the subsidiary proprietor in reversion of the leasehold estate is deemed to have transferred that subsidiary proprietor’s estate and interest in the lots to the purchaser without consideration upon the registration by the Registrar of the transfers of all the lots (except the lots still owned by the subsidiary proprietor in reversion under subsection (14)) in the strata title plan; and ( b ) the Registrar must enter a notification of the vesting of the reversionary interest in the purchaser on the subsidiary strata land‑register and cancel the registration of any mortgage, charge or lease notified on the subsidiary strata land‑register. [13/2010; 2/2012; 40/2019] (12) The subsidiary proprietors of the lots who have not agreed in writing to the sale, the subsidiary proprietor in reversion and any mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in those lots, where applicable, must produce the subsidiary strata certificates of title for the lots to the person having conduct of the sale, the representatives appointed under section 84A(2) or to their solicitors. (13) If the subsidiary strata certificates of title for the lots are not produced under subsection (12), the person having conduct of the sale is not required to produce to the purchaser any subsidiary strata certificate of title other than a certified true copy thereof. (14) Where the subsidiary proprietor in reversion has granted leases for some but not all the lots in the strata title plan, that subsidiary proprietor is deemed to have transferred that subsidiary proprietor’s estate and interest in the lots still owned by that subsidiary proprietor to the purchaser upon registration by the Registrar of the transfers of the other lots in the strata title plan and the Registrar must enter a notification of the vesting of the lots in the purchaser on the subsidiary strata land-register and cancel the registration of any mortgage, charge or lease notified on the subsidiary strata land‑register. [2/2012] (15) The Registrar may dispense with production of the subsidiary strata certificates of title for the lots still owned by the subsidiary proprietor in reversion for the purposes of subsections (11) and (14). (16) Sections 84A(1A), (2), (3), (5), (5A), (7C), (8)( a ), ( b ) and ( c ), (11), (11A), (12) and (13), 84B and 84C and the Second and Third Schedules ap


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84FB
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84FB
title:
Collective sale by all subsidiary proprietors who own registered leasehold tenure of at least 850 years or other tenure

content:
84FB. —(1) This section applies where there are subsisting leases registered under the Land Titles Act 1993 of all or some of the lots in a strata title plan for a leasehold tenure of 850 years or more or for such other tenure as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette , specify. (2) Where the subsidiary proprietors of all the lots in the strata title plan to which this section applies agree in writing under a sale and purchase agreement to sell all their lots and common property to a purchaser (whether in cash or kind or both), they must serve a notice on the subsidiary proprietor in reversion of the leasehold estate and every mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in land and whose interest is notified on the land-register at least 21 days before the date of the first transfer of any such lot informing them of the transfer under subsection (4). (3) Notice under subsection (2) must be given by — ( a ) advertising the proposed sale in such local newspapers in the 4 official languages as approved by the Registrar; ( b ) serving the notice on the subsidiary proprietor in reversion of the leasehold estate and every mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in land and whose interest is notified on the land-register by registered post; and ( c ) affixing a copy of the notice in the 4 official languages to a conspicuous part of each building in the development. (4) The subsidiary proprietor in reversion of the leasehold estate mentioned in subsection (2) is deemed to have transferred that subsidiary proprietor’s estate and interest in the lots to the purchaser without consideration upon the registration by the Registrar of the transfers of all the lots in the strata title plan and the Registrar must enter a notification of the vesting of the land in the purchaser on the land-register. (5) A notice sent by registered post under this section to the subsidiary proprietor in reversion of the leasehold estate, that subsidiary proprietor’s mortgagee, chargee or other person with an estate or interest in land and whose interest is notified on the land‑register at its last registered address in the case of a company registered under the Companies Act 1967 or otherwise at its last recorded address at the Land Titles Registry is deemed to be duly served on the person to whom it is addressed 2 days after the day on which the notice was posted, despite the fact that the letter may be returned by the post office as undelivered. (6) When the transfers of the lots to which this section applies are lodged for registration with the Registrar, the solicitors acting for the subsidiary proprietors of the lots must certify in such form as the Registrar may determine that the provisions of this section have been complied with, and the certificate in favour of the purchaser and the Registrar is conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein. (7) Section 84FA(12), (13), (15) and (17) applies, with the necessary modifications, to all the lots in a strata title plan to which this section applies.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s84G
chapter: PART 5A - COLLECTIVE SALE OF PROPERTY
section: 84G
title: Application of Building (Strata Management) Act 2004
content:
84G. Part 6 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 and any regulations made under that Act apply in respect of applications under this Part with the necessary modifications. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s115
chapter: PART 7 - GENERAL
section: 115
title: Other rights and remedies not affected by this Act
content:
115. Nothing in this Act affects or takes away any rights or remedies that a subsidiary proprietor or mortgagee of a lot or a management corporation may have in relation to any lot or the common property apart from this Act. 116. [ Repealed by Act 47 of 2004 ] 117. [ Repealed by Act 47 of 2004 ] 118. [ Repealed by Act 47 of 2004 ]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s119
chapter: PART 7 - GENERAL
section: 119
title: Service of documents on management corporation, subsidiary proprietors and others
content:
119. —(1) A summons or other legal process may be served on a management corporation by leaving it with the chairperson or secretary of the management corporation or of the council or with any member of the council. (2) A document other than a document referred to in subsection (1) may be served on a management corporation — ( a ) by leaving it with any person referred to in subsection (1) or in the receptacle provided by the management corporation under section 28 of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; or [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] ( b ) by sending it, by registered post, to the management corporation at its address recorded on the folio of the land‑register comprising the common property. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a notice or other document required or authorised by this Act or the by-laws to be served by a management corporation, a council or the secretary of a council on a proprietor, subsidiary proprietor, lessee, mortgagee or occupier of a lot may be served — ( a ) by leaving it — (i) where the person to be served is an occupier of the lot — at the address of the lot; or (ii) where an address for the service of notices on the person to be served is recorded in the strata roll — at the address so recorded; ( b ) by sending it, by registered post, to the person to be served, where an address for the service of notices on that person is recorded in the strata roll, at the address so recorded and, if that notice or document is not returned through the post office as undelivered, that service is deemed to have been made at the time at which the registered letter would in the ordinary course be delivered; or ( c ) in the case of a subsidiary proprietor, by affixing the notice on the front door of the subsidiary proprietor’s lot. (4) Section 60A of the Land Titles Act 1993 applies to the service of documents on a management corporation and a subsidiary proprietor. (5) This section does not apply to notices served in proceedings in the court. 120. [ Repealed by Act 47 of 2004 ]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s121
chapter: PART 7 - GENERAL
section: 121
title: Legal proceedings
content:
121. —(1) Every application to the court under this Act must be by originating application. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2021] (2) Where this Act provides for any sum to be recovered by any person or authority from any other person or authority, the sum may be recovered by an action for a debt in any court of competent jurisdiction.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s122
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 122
title: Issue of subsidiary certificate of title to registered lessee
content:
122. —(1) A registered lessee may by an application in the approved form apply to the Registrar for the issue of a subsidiary certificate of title in respect of the registered leasehold estate to the registered lessee’s flat. (2) The registered lessee must at the time of making the application surrender the registered lessee’s duplicate lease to the Registrar. (3) Upon the issue of a subsidiary certificate of title, the Registrar must enter a memorial in the volume and folio of the land-register of the registered land on or over which the flat is erected to the effect that a subsidiary certificate of title has been issued to the registered lessee for the registered leasehold estate. (4) The subsidiary certificate of title must be in the approved form and upon its issue any assurance or other dealing affecting the leasehold estate comprised therein is subject to the Land Titles Act 1993.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s123
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 123
title: Flats sold by Housing and Development Board
content:
123. —(1) The restriction imposed by section 6(1) on an assurance disposing of any part of a subdivided building does not apply to any assurance disposing of any interest in any flat in a subdivided building erected on registered land where the interest in the flat is held under a lease from the Housing and Development Board constituted under the Housing and Development Act 1959. (2) Where a strata title application for a parcel is lodged by the Housing and Development Board with and duly registered by the Registrar, the provisions of this Act relating to a strata title plan and a subsidiary proprietor and section 10A and Part 5 and this Part and the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 apply to each and every subdivided building comprised in the registered strata title plan for that parcel. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s124
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 124
title: Flats sold by Jurong Town Corporation
content:
124. —(1) The restriction imposed by section 6(1) on an assurance disposing of any part of a subdivided building does not apply to any assurance disposing of any interest in any flat in any subdivided building erected on registered land where the interest in the flat is held under a lease from the Jurong Town Corporation constituted under the Jurong Town Corporation Act 1968. (2) Where a strata title application for a parcel is lodged by the Jurong Town Corporation with and duly registered by the Registrar, the provisions of this Act relating to a strata title plan and a subsidiary proprietor and section 10A and Part 5 and this Part and the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004 apply to each and every subdivided building comprised in the registered strata title plan for that parcel. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s125
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 125
title:
Subsidiary strata certificates of title for flats with registered leases under Registration of Deeds Act 1988

content:
125. —(1) Where there are 3 or more flats in a building and subsisting leases for those flats have been registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988, the proprietor of the land together with the proprietors of those flats who altogether own not less than 25% of the total number of flats in the building may lodge with the Registrar a strata title application in the approved form — ( a ) to have the land brought under the Land Titles Act 1993; and ( b ) for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for all those flats. (2) A strata title application submitted to the Registrar under subsection (1) — ( a ) must be accompanied by a transfer of the proprietor’s estate and interest in the land to the proprietors of all the flats in that building as tenants-in-common in the shares according to the ratio of one share to each flat, except that where the flats are of different sizes, the share in the land allotted to the proprietor of each flat has the value determined by the Registrar based on the methods used by the Commissioner for the allocation of share values under the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004; and [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] ( b ) must not be registered unless the strata title plan has been lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998. (3) The Registrar may, upon acceptance of the application, dispense with the production of the leases of the flats. (4) Before issuing subsidiary strata certificates of title in favour of the proprietors of the flats as shown in the records of the Registry of Deeds, the Registrar must — ( a ) require a notice in the form approved by him or her to be inserted once in one or more daily newspapers to the effect that the Registrar will issue the subsidiary strata certificates of title under this section to the proprietors of the flats as shown in the records maintained at the Registry of Deeds after the expiration of 6 weeks from the date of publication of the notice if no valid objection is received by the Land Titles Registry; and ( b ) send by registered post a copy of the notice mentioned in paragraph ( a ) to the proprietors of all the flats at the addresses shown in the transfer mentioned in subsection (2). (5) Despite subsections (1) to (4), the Registrar may, in order to relieve any case of extreme hardship, in his or her discretion, issue any subsidiary strata certificate of title in favour of a purchaser of a flat whose assignment of the leasehold estate of the flat has been duly stamped and lodged with the Registrar of Deeds, notwithstanding that the name of the purchaser was not shown in the transfer lodged under subsection (2). (6) Where the proprietors of the flats who altogether own not less than 25% of the total number of the flats as shown in the records of the Registry of Deeds as at the date of transfer mentioned in subsection (2) have agreed in writing to accept the transfer of the estate and interest of the proprietor of the land, all the proprietors of the flats within the same development and all the respective successors in title or assigns are deemed to have accepted the transfer of the proprietor’s estate and interest in the land and to have given consent to the application for the issue of the subsidiary strata certificates of title by the Registrar and the acceptance of the transfer of the proprietor’s estate and interest in the land. (7) The proprietor of the land must deposit with the Registrar the title deeds in that proprietor’s possession relating to the land and the Registrar may, after inspection of the title deeds, create a folio of the land-register by issuing a certificate of title for the land on which the flats are erected. (8) Where the Registrar is satisfied with the evidence of title and that all the necessary documents are in order, the Registrar may issue subsidiary strata certificates of title for the flats after the publication of the notice mentioned in subsection (4). (9) The Registrar may, under subsections (7) and (8), issue the certificate of title and the subsidiary strata certificates of title qualified as to their title or their boundaries and dimensions, and sections 25 and 165 of the Land Titles Act 1993 apply, with the necessary modifications, to such certificate of title and subsidiary strata certificates of title. (10) Upon the registration of the strata title application, the management corporation of the parcel of land must reimburse the person or persons who incurred any expenditure for the purpose of — ( a ) bringing the land under the Land Titles Act 1993; ( b ) applying for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for all those flats comprised in a building or buildings erected on the parcel; ( c ) lodging the transfer under subsection (2); ( d ) the preparation of the strata title plan for the parcel; ( e ) the publication of the notices mentioned in subsection (4)( a ); and ( f ) issuing notices to the proprietors of the flats under subsection (4)( b ). (11) It is the duty of the management corporation to determine the amount of contributions payable by the subsidiary proprietors of the lots in the subdivided building concerned to its management fund to meet the expenditure mentioned in subsection (10) and any contributions so levied by the management corporation are deemed to be contributions levied under section 39(3) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (12) For the purposes of this section, where the registered proprietor of the land on which the building is erected has granted leases for some but not all of the flats in the building, that registered proprietor is deemed a proprietor of the flats which are still owned by that registered proprietor.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s125A
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 125A
title:
Subsidiary strata certificates of title for flats where proprietors own leasehold estate of at least 999 years or other estate

content:
125A. —(1) Where the subsisting leases of the flats registered under the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 or the Land Titles Act 1993 are for a leasehold estate of 999 years or more or for such other estate as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette , specify and where the proprietors of those flats who altogether own not less than 25% of the total number of flats in the development have agreed to have the land brought under the Land Titles Act 1993 and for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for all the flats, the proprietor of the land is deemed to have agreed to the transfer of the land without consideration to the proprietors of the flats in the shares as specified in section 125(2)( a ) or 126(1) or (2), as the case may be. (2) The proprietors of the flats mentioned in subsection (1) must serve a notice on the proprietor of the land and the subsisting mortgagees, chargees or other persons with an estate or interest in land who appear as such in the records of the Land Titles Registry or the Registry of Deeds (as the case may be) at least one month before the date of the strata title application is filed with the Registrar, informing them of the transfer under subsection (1). (3) Section 125 or 126 (as the case may be), except the provisions relating to the transfer of the land by the registered proprietors, continues to apply to the proprietors of the flats mentioned in subsection (1). (4) Upon registration of the strata title application for the development and the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for the flats in the development, the estate and interest of the registered proprietor in the land vests in the subsidiary proprietors.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s126
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 126
title:
Issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for flats with subsisting leases registered under Land Titles Act 1993

content:
126. —(1) Where there are subsisting leases of flats registered under the Land Titles Act 1993, the registered proprietors of the flats who altogether own not less than 25% of the total number of flats comprised in the development together with the registered proprietor of the land on which the said development is erected may lodge with the Registrar a transfer of the estate and interest of the registered proprietor of the land to all the registered proprietors of the flats as tenants-in-common in the shares according to the ratio of one share to each flat together with a strata title application in the approved form. (2) Where the flats in the development are of different sizes, the shares in the land to be allotted to the registered proprietor of each flat are the values determined by the Registrar based on the methods used by the Commissioner for the allocation of share values under the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (3) A strata title application submitted under subsection (1) must not be registered unless the strata title plan has been lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998. (4) The Registrar may, upon being satisfied that the transfer and the strata title application are in order — ( a ) register all the registered proprietors of the flats as the proprietors of the registered land as tenants-in-common; ( b ) issue the subsidiary strata certificates of title according to the strata title application; and ( c ) dispense with the production of the duplicate leases of the flats. (5) Where the registered proprietors of the flats who altogether own not less than 25% of the total number of flats comprised in the development have agreed in writing to accept the transfer of all the estate and interest of the registered proprietor in the land on which the development is erected, all the remaining registered proprietors of the flats in the same development are deemed to have accepted the transfer and deemed to have applied for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for the flats. (6) Before issuing subsidiary strata certificates of title in favour of the registered proprietors of the flats as shown in the records of the Land Titles Registry, the Registrar must — ( a ) require a notice in the form approved by him or her to be inserted once in one or more daily newspapers to the effect that the Registrar will issue the subsidiary strata certificates of title under this section to the registered proprietors of the flats as shown in the records maintained at the Land Titles Registry after the expiration of 6 weeks from the date of publication of the notice if no valid objection is received by the Registrar; and ( b ) send by registered post a copy of the notice mentioned in paragraph ( a ) to the registered proprietors of all the flats at the addresses shown in the records of the Land Titles Registry or in the transfer lodged under subsection (1) where the addresses differ from that shown in the records of the Land Titles Registry. (7) Despite subsections (1), (2) and (3), the Registrar may, in order to relieve any case of extreme hardship, issue any subsidiary strata certificate of title in favour of a purchaser of a flat whose transfer of the leasehold estate of the flats has been duly stamped and lodged with him or her, notwithstanding that the name of the purchaser was not shown in the transfer lodged under subsection (1). (8) The Registrar may, under subsection (4), issue the subsidiary strata certificates of title qualified as to their title or their boundaries and dimensions, and sections 25 and 165 of the Land Titles Act 1993 apply, with the necessary modifications, to such subsidiary strata certificates of title. (9) Upon the registration of the strata title application, the management corporation of the parcel of land must reimburse the person or persons who incurred any expenditure for the purpose of — ( a ) applying for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for all those flats comprised in the development erected on the parcel; ( b ) lodging the transfer under subsection (1); ( c ) the preparation of the strata title plan for the parcel; ( d ) the publication of the notices mentioned in subsection (6)( a ); and ( e ) issuing notices to the proprietors of the flats under subsection (6)( b ). (10) It is the duty of the management corporation to determine the amount of contributions payable by the subsidiary proprietors of the lots in the subdivided building concerned to its management fund to meet the expenditure mentioned in subsection (9) and any contributions so levied by the management corporation are deemed to be contributions levied under section 39(3) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025] (11) For the purposes of this section, where the registered proprietor of the land on which the development is erected has granted leases for some of but not all the flats in the development, that registered proprietor is deemed the registered proprietor of the flats which are still owned by that registered proprietor. 126A. [ Repealed by Act 4 of 2021 ] 126B. [ Repealed by Act 4 of 2021 ]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s127
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 127
title:
Issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for flats with subsisting leases registered under Registration of Deeds Act 1988 where land is vested in flat owners as tenants-in-common

content:
127. —(1) Where there are subsisting leases of flats registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 and the registered estate or interest in the land on which the flats are erected is vested, subject to the provisions of the Land Titles Act 1993, in the lessees of the flats as tenants-in-common in the shares shown in the land-register, the registered lessees of those flats who altogether own not less than 25% of the total number of those flats may lodge with the Registrar a strata title application in the approved form. (2) A strata title application submitted under subsection (1) must not be registered unless the strata title plan has been lodged with and approved by the Chief Surveyor under the Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998. (3) The Registrar may, upon acceptance of the application, dispense with the production of the leases of the flats. (4) Before issuing subsidiary strata certificates of title in favour of the registered lessees of the flats as shown in the records of the Registry of Deeds or the Land Titles Registry, the Registrar must — ( a ) require a notice in the form approved by him or her to be inserted once in one or more daily newspapers to the effect that the Registrar will issue the subsidiary strata certificates of title under this section to the registered lessees of the flats as shown in the records maintained at the Registry of Deeds or the Land Titles Registry after the expiration of 6 weeks from the date of publication of the notice if no valid objection is received by the Land Titles Registry; and ( b ) send by registered post a copy of the notice mentioned in paragraph ( a ) to the registered lessees of all the flats at the addresses shown in the records of the Registry of Deeds or the Land Titles Registry. (5) Where the Registrar is satisfied that all the necessary documents are in order, the Registrar may issue subsidiary strata certificates of title for the flats after the publication of the notice mentioned in subsection (4). (6) Any subsidiary strata certificate of title issued by the Registrar under subsection (5) may be qualified as to its title or its boundaries and dimensions, and sections 25 and 165 of the Land Titles Act 1993 apply, with the necessary modifications, to such subsidiary strata certificate of title. (7) Upon the registration of the strata title application, the management corporation of the parcel of land must reimburse the person or persons who incurred any expenditure for the purpose of — ( a ) applying for the issue of subsidiary strata certificates of title for all those flats comprised in a building or buildings erected on the parcel; ( b ) the preparation of the strata title plan for the parcel; ( c ) the publication of the notices mentioned in subsection (4)( a ); and ( d ) issuing notices to the registered lessees of the flats under subsection (4)( b ). (8) It is the duty of the management corporation to determine the amount of contributions payable by the subsidiary proprietors of the lots in the subdivided building concerned to its management fund to meet the expenditure mentioned in subsection (7) and any contributions so levied by the management corporation are deemed to be contributions levied under section 39(3) of the Building (Strata Management) Act 2004. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s128
chapter: PART 8 - ISSUE OF SUBSIDIARY CERTIFICATES OF TITLE
section: 128
title: Effect of issue of qualified certificate of title and of subsidiary strata certificates of title
content:
128. —(1) Upon the issue of a qualified certificate of title for the land under section 125, the provisions of the Land Titles Act 1993 relating to a qualified certificate of title apply to the land comprised therein. (2) Upon the issue of the subsidiary strata certificates of title for the flats under section 125, 125A, 126 or 127 or the repealed section 126A, all the provisions of the leases of the flats registered under the provisions of the Registration of Deeds Act 1988 and the Land Titles Act 1993 cease to apply to the flats except in respect of any terms, covenants and conditions which were subsisting prior to the date of the issue of the subsidiary strata certificates of title insofar as they relate to any obligations which have yet to be fulfilled or any cause of action which had arisen as between the registered proprietors of the flats themselves and as between the registered proprietors of the flats and the registered proprietors of the land on which the flats are erected. [4/2021] 129. [ Repealed by Act 38 of 2002 ]


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s130
chapter: PART 9 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 130
title: Regulations
content:
130. —(1) Subject to section 131, the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make regulations not inconsistent with this Act for giving effect to the provisions of this Act. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, may make regulations with respect to — ( a ) the fees to be paid in respect of lodgment and registration of plans and documents under this Act; ( b ) any matter which by this Act is required or permitted to be prescribed or is necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to any provision of this Act.


document_id: ltsa-1967
provision_ref: s131
chapter: PART 9 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 131
title: Regulations made by, and fees to be paid to, Authority
content:
131. —(1) The Authority may make regulations on any of the following matters: ( a ) the preparation of plans and documents for the purposes of this Act; ( b ) the lodgment and registration of plans under this Act. (2) All prescribed fees collected under or in connection with any service provided by the Registrar under this Act must be paid into the funds of the Authority.


document_id: ma-1967
provision_ref: s1
section: 1
title: Removal of certain bars to rescission for innocent misrepresentation
content:
1. Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him, and — ( a ) the misrepresentation has become a term of the contract; or ( b ) the contract has been performed, or both, then, if otherwise he would be entitled to rescind the contract without alleging fraud, he shall be so entitled, subject to the provisions of this Act, notwithstanding the matters mentioned in paragraphs ( a ) and ( b ).


document_id: ma-1967
provision_ref: s2
section: 2
title: Damages for misrepresentation
content:
2. —(1) Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him by another party thereto and as a result thereof he has suffered loss, then, if the person making the misrepresentation would be liable to damages in respect thereof had the misrepresentation been made fraudulently, that person shall be so liable notwithstanding that the misrepresentation was not made fraudulently, unless he proves that he had reasonable ground to believe and did believe up to the time the contract was made that the facts represented were true. (2) Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him otherwise than fraudulently, and he would be entitled, by reason of the misrepresentation, to rescind the contract, then, if it is claimed, in any proceedings arising out of the contract, that the contract ought to be or has been rescinded, the court or arbitrator may declare the contract subsisting and award damages in lieu of rescission, if of opinion that it would be equitable to do so, having regard to the nature of the misrepresentation and the loss that would be caused by it if the contract were upheld, as well as to the loss that rescission would cause to the other party. (3) Damages may be awarded against a person under subsection (2) whether or not he is liable to damages under subsection (1), but where he is so liable any award under subsection (2) shall be taken into account in assessing his liability under subsection (1).


document_id: ma-1967
provision_ref: s3
section: 3
title: Avoidance of provision excluding liability for misrepresentation
content:
3. If a contract contains a term which would exclude or restrict — ( a ) any liability to which a party to a contract may be subject by reason of any misrepresentation made by him before the contract was made; or ( b ) any remedy available to another party to the contract by reason of such a misrepresentation, that term shall be of no effect except in so far as it satisfies the requirement of reasonableness as stated in section 11(1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, and it is for those claiming that the term satisfies that requirement to show that it does.


document_id: ma-1967
provision_ref: s4
section: 4
title: Saving for past transactions
content:
4. Nothing in this Act applies in relation to any misrepresentation or contract of sale made before 12 November 1993 except in so far as it was applicable by virtue of section 5 of the Civil Law Act 1909 in force before that date.


document_id: ma-1970
provision_ref: s2
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, “International System of Units” — ( a ) means the metric system of units as set out in the First and Second Schedules; and ( b ) includes the units set out in the Fourth Schedule unless there is something in the subject or context thereof inconsistent with such construction or unless it is therein otherwise expressly provided. (2) The abbreviation “SI” is recognised as a legal reference to the International System of Units.


document_id: ma-1970
provision_ref: s3
section: 3
title: International System of Units
content:
3. —(1) On and after 15 February 1971, the use of the system of units known as the International System of Units has legal force and validity in Singapore. (2) The International System of Units consists of — ( a ) the basic units set out in the First Schedule; ( b ) the supplementary and derived units set out in the Second Schedule; and ( c ) the units which may be used in conjunction with the basic and supplementary and derived units set out in the Fourth Schedule.


document_id: ma-1970
provision_ref: s4
section: 4
title: Power to adapt, etc.
content:
4. —(1) The Minister may by order provide for the adaptation, alteration, conversion or modification of any provisions contained in any written law relating to such departments and subjects as may be appropriate for the purpose of replacing references to units other than metric units contained in the written law with references to units of the International System of Units which are either — ( a ) equivalent; or ( b ) such approximations as appear to the Minister desirable for the purpose of securing that the enactments as adapted, altered, converted or modified are expressed in convenient terms. (2) Any order made under subsection (1) must be published in the Gazette .


document_id: ma-1970
provision_ref: s5
section: 5
title: Conversion of imperial standard units to metric system units
content:
5. The values expressed in terms of — ( a ) any imperial standard relating to measures of extension whether lineal, superficial or solid, or of weight or capacity; or ( b ) the local customary system of weights and measures, may be converted into the values expressed in terms of the International System of Units in accordance with the Third Schedule.


document_id: ma-1970
provision_ref: s6
section: 6
title: Power to vary Schedules
content:
6. The Minister may, from time to time by notification in the Gazette , add to, vary or amend the Schedules as the Minister may think fit.


document_id: ma-1970
provision_ref: s7
section: 7
title: Saving
content:
7. —(1) No act or thing done before the making of any order under section 4 may be challenged only on the ground that the act or thing done was done in a unit other than a unit of the International System of Units. (2) Nothing in this Act affects the legal force and validity of any other system of units lawfully used in Singapore.


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s1
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 1
title: Short title and commencement
content:
1. —(1) This Act is the Medicines Act 1975. (2) Section 76 and the Second Schedule come into operation on a date that the Minister appoints by notification in the Gazette . [S 759/2022]


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: General interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “administration” means giving or applying to a human being or an animal, whether orally, by injection or by introduction into the body in any other way, or by external application, whether by direct contact with the body or not; and any reference in this Act to administering a substance or article is a reference to administering it either in its existing state or after it has been dissolved or dispersed in, or diluted or mixed with, some other substance used as a vehicle; “analysis” includes micro-biological assay and “analyse” has a corresponding meaning; “analyst” means an analyst appointed by the licensing authority; “animal” includes any bird, fish or reptile; “assemble”, in relation to a medicinal product, means enclosing the product (with or without other medicinal products of the same description) in a container which is labelled before the product is sold or supplied, or, where the product (with or without other medicinal products of the same description) is already enclosed in the container in which it is to be sold or supplied, labelling the container before the product is sold or supplied in it, and “assembly” has a corresponding meaning; “Authority” means the Health Sciences Authority established under the Health Sciences Authority Act 2001; “Chief Executive of the Authority” means the person appointed under section 15 of the Health Sciences Authority Act 2001 to be the Chief Executive of the Authority; “clinical trial” means an investigation or series of investigations consisting of the administration of one or more medicinal products of a particular description by, or under the direction of — ( a ) a doctor or dentist to one or more of his or her patients; or ( b ) two or more doctors or dentists, each product being administered by or under the direction of one or other of those doctors or dentists to one or more of his or her patients, where (in any such case) there is evidence that medicinal products of that description have effects which may be beneficial to the patient or patients in question and the administration of the product or products is for the purpose of ascertaining whether, or to what extent the product has, or the products have, those or any other effects, whether beneficial or harmful; “composition”, in relation to a medicinal product, means the ingredients of which it consists and the proportions, and the degrees of strength, quality and purity, in which those ingredients are contained in it respectively; “container”, in relation to a medicinal product, means the bottle, jar, box, packet or other receptacle which contains or is to contain it, not being a capsule, cachet, or other article in which the product is or is to be administered, and where any such receptacle is or is to be contained in another such receptacle, includes the former but does not include the latter receptacle; “contravention” includes failure to comply and “contravene” has a corresponding meaning; “dentist” means a person registered under the Dental Registration Act 1999 whose name appears in the first division of the Register of Dentists; “disease” includes any injury, ailment or adverse condition whether of body or mind; “doctor” means a person registered under the Medical Registration Act 1997; “herbal remedy” means a medicinal product consisting of a substance produced by subjecting a plant or plants to drying, crushing or other process or of a mixture whose ingredients are 2 or more substances so produced, or of a combination of such mixture with water or such other inert substances as the licensing authority may, by notification in the Gazette , specify; “hospital” includes any institution for the reception and treatment of the sick and designated as a hospital by the Minister for the purposes of this Act; “import” means import into Singapore whether by land, sea or air and “export” has a corresponding meaning; “ingredient”, in relation to the manufacture or preparation of a substance, includes anything which is the sole active ingredient of that substance as manufactured or prepared; “labelling”, in relation to a container or package of medicinal products, means affixing to or otherwise displaying on it a notice describing or otherwise relating to the contents, and “label” has a corresponding meaning; “leaflet” includes any written information; “licensing authority” means the appropriate licensing authority as defined in section 4(1); “manufacture”, in relation to a medicinal product, includes any process carried out in the course of making the product, but does not include dissolving or dispersing the product in, or diluting or mixing it with, some other substance used as a vehicle for the purpose of administering it; “medicinal test on animals” means an investigation or series of investigations consisting of any of the following: ( a ) the administration of a medicinal product of a particular description to one or more animals, where there is evidence that medicinal products of that description have effects which may be beneficial to, or otherwise advantageous in relation to, that animal or those animals, and the product is administered for the purpose of ascertaining whether, or to what extent, it has those or any other effects, whether advantageous or otherwise; ( b ) the administration of a medicinal product to one or more animals in circumstances where there is no such evidence as is mentioned in paragraph ( a ), and the product is administered for the purpose of ascertaining whether, or to what extent, it has any effects relevant to a medicinal purpose; ( c ) the administration of any substance or article, other than a medicinal product, to one or more animals for the purpose of ascertaining whether it has any effects relevant to a medicinal purpose or whether there is evidence that it has effects which may be beneficial to, or otherwise advantageous in relation to, that animal or those animals; “midwife” means a registered midwife within the meaning of the Nurses and Midwives Act 1999; “Minister” means — ( a ) except as provided in paragraph ( b ), the Minister for Health; and ( b ) for the purpose of performing any function under this Act (whether by the making of any regulations or order or otherwise) where the function is performed exclusively in relation to veterinary medicinal products and animals, the Minister for National Development; “nurse” means a registered nurse or enrolled nurse within the meaning of the Nurses and Midwives Act 1999; “package”, in relation to any medicinal product, means any box, packet or other article in which one or more containers of the products are or are to be enclosed, and, where any such box, packet or other article is or is to be itself enclosed in one or more boxes, packets or other articles, includes each of the boxes, packets or articles in question; “pharmacist” means a person who is registered as a pharmacist under the Pharmacists Registration Act 2007 and has in force a valid practising certificate issued under that Act; “plant” includes any part of a plant; “practitioner” means a doctor, dentist or veterinary surgeon; “product licence”, “manufacturer’s licence” and “wholesale dealer’s licence” have the meanings given by sections 5 and 6 and include any such provisional licence; “retail sale”, in relation to a medicinal product, has the meaning given by subsection (2); “sell” includes barter, and also includes offering or attempting to sell, or receiving for sale, or having in possession for sale, or exposing for sale, or sending or delivering for sale, or causing or allowing to be sold, offered or exposed for sale, and “sale” and “sold” have corresponding meanings; “substance” means any natural or artificial substance whether in solid or liquid form or in the form of gas or vapour; “supply” includes having in possession for the purpose of supply; “treatment”, in relation to disease, includes anything done or provided for alleviating the effects of the disease, whether it is done or provided by way of cure or not; “veterinary medicinal products” means medicinal products which are manufactured, sold, supplied, imported or exported for the purpose of being administered to animals, but not for the purpose of being administered to human beings; “veterinary surgeon” means a person who holds a veterinary qualification approved by the Minister and who is licensed to treat, vaccinate or inoculate animals or birds under section 53(1) of the Animals and Birds Act 1965; “wholesale dealing”, in relation to a medicinal product, has the meaning given by subsection (2). [46/99; 4/2001; 22/2007; 48/2007; 4/2021] (2) In this Act any reference to — ( a ) selling anything by way of wholesale dealing is a reference to selling it to a person as being a person who buys it for the purpose of selling or supplying it in the course of a business carried on by that person except that it does not include any such sale by the person who manufactured it; ( b ) selling by retail, or to retail sale, is a reference to selling a substance or article to a person as being a person who buys it otherwise than for a purpose specified in paragraph ( a ); and ( c ) supplying anything in circumstances corresponding to retail sale is a reference to supplying it, otherwise than by way of sale, to a person as being a person who receives it for a purpose other than that of selling or supplying.


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 3
title: Meaning of “medicinal product” and related expressions
content:
3. —(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, in this Act “medicinal product” means any substance or article (not being an instrument, apparatus or appliance) which is manufactured, sold, supplied, imported or exported for use wholly or mainly in either or both of the following ways: ( a ) use by being administered to one or more human beings or animals for a medicinal purpose; ( b ) use as an ingredient in the preparation of a substance or article which is to be administered to one or more human beings or animals for a medicinal purpose. (2) In this Act, “a medicinal purpose” means any one or more of the following purposes: ( a ) treating or preventing disease; ( b ) diagnosing disease or ascertaining the existence, degree or extent of a physiological condition; ( c ) contraception; ( d ) inducing anaesthesia; ( e ) otherwise preventing or interfering with the normal operation of a physiological function, whether permanently or temporarily, and whether by way of terminating, reducing or postponing, or increasing or accelerating, the operation of that function or in any other way. (3) Despite subsection (1), in this Act “medicinal product” does not include any substance or article which is manufactured for use wholly or mainly by being administered to one or more human beings or animals, where it is to be administered to them — ( a ) in the course of the business of the manufacturer or on behalf of the manufacturer in the course of the business of a laboratory or research establishment carried on by another person; ( b ) solely by way of a test for ascertaining what effects it has when so administered; and ( c ) in circumstances where the manufacturer has no knowledge of any evidence that those effects are likely to be beneficial to those human beings, or beneficial to, or otherwise advantageous in relation to, those animals, as the case may be, and which (having been so manufactured) is not sold, supplied or exported for use wholly or mainly in any way not fulfilling all the conditions specified in paragraphs ( a ), ( b ) and ( c ). (4) In this Act, “medicinal product” also does not include — ( a ) substances used in dental surgery for filling dental cavities; ( b ) bandages and other surgical dressings, except medicated dressings where the medication has a palliative or curative function which is not limited to sterilising the dressings; and ( c ) substances and articles of such other description or classes as the Minister may specify by order. (5) Where in accordance with subsections (1) to (4) a substance or article is a medicinal product immediately after it has been manufactured, imported or exported as mentioned in subsection (1), or immediately after the first occasion on which it has been sold or supplied as mentioned in that subsection, then it does not cease to be a medicinal product for the purposes of this Act by reason only that, at any subsequent time, it is sold, supplied, imported or exported for use wholly or mainly in a way other than those specified in subsection (1). (6) For the purposes of this Act, medicinal products are of the same description if — ( a ) they are manufactured to the same specification; and ( b ) they are, or are to be, sold, supplied, imported or exported in the same pharmaceutical form, and in this Act “description”, in relation to medicinal products, is to be construed accordingly. (7) For the purposes of this Act a document, advertisement or representation is to be taken to be likely to mislead as to the uses or effects of medicinal products of a particular description if it is likely to mislead as to any of the following matters: ( a ) any purposes for which medicinal products of that description can with reasonable safety be used; ( b ) any purposes for which such products cannot be so used; ( c ) any effects which such products when used, or when used in any particular way referred to in the document, advertisement or representation, produce or are intended to produce.


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES RELATING TO
section: 4
title: Licensing authority
content:
4. —(1) For the purposes of this Part, the authority responsible for the grant, renewal, variation, suspension and revocation of licences and certificates is — ( a ) except as provided in paragraph ( b ), the Chief Executive of the Authority; and ( b ) the Director‑General, Animal Health and Welfare appointed under section 3(1) of the Animals and Birds Act 1965 in respect of any function to be performed under this Act exclusively in relation to veterinary medicinal products and animals. [4/2001; 10/2019] (2) Any function conferred on the licensing authority by this Act may be performed by such officers as the licensing authority may designate, subject to the licensing authority’s general direction and control. (3) Any person to whom a licensing authority refuses to grant, renew or vary a licence or whose licence has been suspended or revoked may appeal to the Minister whose decision is final.


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES RELATING TO
section: 5
title: General provisions as to dealing with medicinal products
content:
5. —(1) Except in accordance with a licence granted for the purposes of this section (called in this Act a product licence) a person must not in circumstances to which this section applies — ( a ) sell, supply or export any medicinal product; ( b ) procure the sale, supply or export of any medicinal product; or ( c ) procure the manufacture or assembly of any medicinal product for sale, supply or export. (2) A person must not import any medicinal product except in accordance with a product licence or an import licence. (3) In relation to an imported medicinal product, this section applies to circumstances in which the person selling, supplying or exporting the medicinal product in question, or procuring the sale, supply or export or the manufacture or assembly for sale, supply or export of that product, has himself or herself imported the product or procured its import. (4) In relation to any medicinal product which has not been imported, this section applies to any circumstances in which the person selling, supplying or exporting the medicinal product in question, or procuring the sale, supply or export or the manufacture or assembly for sale, supply or export of that product, is responsible for the composition of the product. (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), a person is taken to be responsible for the composition of a medicinal product if — ( a ) the person procures the manufacture of the product to the person’s order by another person, where the order specifies, or incorporates by reference to some other document, particulars of the composition of the product ordered, whether those particulars amount to a complete specification or not; or ( b ) the person manufactures the product otherwise than pursuant to an order which fulfils the conditions specified in paragraph ( a ).


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES RELATING TO
section: 6
title: Provisions as to manufacture and wholesale dealing
content:
6. —(1) This section has effect without affecting section 5. (2) A person must not manufacture or assemble any medicinal product except in accordance with a licence granted for the purposes of this subsection (called in this Act a manufacturer’s licence). (3) A person must not sell any medicinal product by way of wholesale dealing except in accordance with a licence granted for the purposes of this subsection (called in this Act a wholesale dealer’s licence). (4) A manufacturer’s licence does not have effect so as to authorise the manufacture or assembly of medicinal products of any description for sale or supply to any other person, or for export, unless — ( a ) the holder of the licence is also the holder of a product licence which is applicable to medicinal products of that description; or ( b ) the products are manufactured or assembled to the order of a person who is the holder of such a product licence, and the products are manufactured or assembled in accordance with that product licence.


document_id: ma-1975
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES RELATING TO
section: 7
title: Exemptions for pharmacists and practitioners
content:
7. —(1) The restrictions imposed by sections 5 and 6 do not apply to anything which is done in a hospital by or under the supervision of a pharmacist — ( a ) in preparing or dispensing a medicinal product in accordance with a prescription given by a practitioner; ( b ) in assembling a medicinal product; or ( c ) in procuring the preparation or dispensing of a medicinal product in accordance with a prescription given by a practitioner, or in procuring the assembly of a medicinal product. [4/2021] (2) Without affecting subsection (1), the restrictions imposed by sections 5 and 6 do not apply to anything which is done in a hospital by or under the supervision of a pharmacist — ( a ) in preparing or dispensing a medicinal product for administration to a person where the pharmacist is requested by or on behalf of that person to do so in accordance with the pharmacist’s own judgment as to the treatment required, and that person is present in the pharmacy at the time of the request pursuant to which that product is prepared or dispensed; or ( b ) in preparing a stock of medicinal products with a view to dispensing them as mentioned in subsection (1)( a ) or in paragraph ( a ). [4/2021] (3) The restrictions imposed by sections 5 and 6 do not apply to the preparation, dispensing and assembly of any medicinal product by or under the supervision of a practitioner for the purpose of administration to a patient or animal under the practitioner’s care. (4) The exemptions conferred by subsections (1), (2) and (3) do not apply to veterinary biologics except where such veterinary biologics are prepared in a veterinary centre. [4/2021] (5) For the purpose of subsection (4) — “veterinary biologics” means aggressions, serums, viruses, toxins, tuberculin, mallein, Johnin, abortin, vaccines, micro‑organisms either living or killed, and products of micro‑organisms intended for use in the treatment or diagnosis of diseases of animals and birds; “veterinary centre” means a veterinary centre established under section 54 of the Animals and Birds Act 1965.


