# legal_documents

id: aa-1966
type: statute
title: Audit Act 1966
title_en: Audit Act 1966
short_name: AA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to make provision for the audit of the accounts of Singapore and of other public authorities and bodies administering public funds and for matters connected therewith.


id: aa-1991
type: statute
title: Architects Act 1991
title_en: Architects Act 1991
short_name: AA1991
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AA1991
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to establish the Board of Architects, to provide for the registration of architects, and to regulate the qualifications and practice of architects and the supply of architectural services in Singapore by corporations, partnerships and limited liability partnerships. [28/2005]


id: aa-2020
type: statute
title: Apostille Act 2020
title_en: Apostille Act 2020
short_name: AA2020
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AA2020
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to give effect to the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, done at the Hague on 5 October 1961, and for connected purposes.


id: aba-1965
type: statute
title: Animals and Birds Act 1965
title_en: Animals and Birds Act 1965
short_name: ABA1965
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ABA1965
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act for preventing the introduction into, and the spreading within, Singapore of diseases of animals, birds or fish; for the control of the movement of animals, birds or fish into, within and from Singapore; for the prevention of cruelty to animals, birds or fish; for measures pertaining to the general welfare and improvement of animals, birds or fish in Singapore and for purposes incidental thereto.


id: aca-2022
type: statute
title: Adoption of Children Act 2022
title_en: Adoption of Children Act 2022
short_name: ACA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ACA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to repeal and re-enact the Adoption of Children Act 1939 with amendments to provide for the process of the adoption of children and the regulation of practices in the adoption sector and connected matters, and to make related and consequential amendments to certain other written laws.


id: acraa-2004
type: statute
title: Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004
title_en: Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004
short_name: ACRAA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ACRAA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: adba-1966
type: statute
title: Asian Development Bank Act 1966
title_en: Asian Development Bank Act 1966
short_name: ADBA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ADBA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to implement the International Agreement for the establishment and operation of the Asian Development Bank and to enable Singapore to become a member thereof and for matters connected therewith.


id: aela-1993
type: statute
title: Application of English Law Act 1993
title_en: Application of English Law Act 1993
short_name: AELA1993
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AELA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to declare the extent to which English law is applicable in Singapore and for purposes connected therewith.


id: agafa-2014
type: statute
title: Attorney-General (Additional Functions) Act 2014
title_en: Attorney-General (Additional Functions) Act 2014
short_name: AGAFA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AGAFA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to confer on the Attorney‑General certain functions in addition to functions conferred by or under the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore and any other written law.


id: ahpa-2011
type: statute
title: Allied Health Professions Act 2011
title_en: Allied Health Professions Act 2011
short_name: AHPA2011
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AHPA2011
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for the registration of prescribed allied health professionals for the protection of the health and safety of the public and for purposes connected therewith.


id: aiiba-2015
type: statute
title: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Act 2015
title_en: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Act 2015
short_name: AIIBA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AIIBA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to implement the International Agreement for the establishment and operation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, to enable Singapore to become a member of the Bank and for connected purposes.


id: aiida-1968
type: statute
title: Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act 1968
title_en: Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act 1968
short_name: AIIDA1968
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AIIDA1968
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to implement the International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States.


id: ajpa-2016
type: statute
title: Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016
title_en: Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016
short_name: AJPA2016
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AJPA2016
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to state and consolidate the law of contempt of court for the protection of the administration of justice, to define the powers of certain courts in punishing contempt of court and to regulate their procedure in relation thereto.


id: ama-2017
type: statute
title: Active Mobility Act 2017
title_en: Active Mobility Act 2017
short_name: AMA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AMA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act for the establishment of public paths for walking, cycling or other similar purposes, and to regulate the use of these public paths.


id: amda-1996
type: statute
title: Advance Medical Directive Act 1996
title_en: Advance Medical Directive Act 1996
short_name: AMDA1996
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AMDA1996
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for, and give legal effect to, advance directives to medical practitioners against artificial prolongation of the dying process and for matters connected therewith.


id: amla-1966
type: statute
title: Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966
title_en: Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966
short_name: AMLA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AMLA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act relating to Muslims and to make provision for regulating Muslim religious affairs and to constitute a council to advise on matters relating to the Muslim religion in Singapore and a Syariah Court.


id: ana-1966
type: statute
title: Air Navigation Act 1966
title_en: Air Navigation Act 1966
short_name: ANA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ANA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for the control and regulation of aviation so as to maintain, enhance and promote safety and security in civil aviation, and to provide for the implementation of Singapore’s obligations under the Chicago Convention and any other international convention, agreement, or understanding relating to safety of civil aviation to which the Government is a party.


id: aoa-1973
type: statute
title: Arms Offences Act 1973
title_en: Arms Offences Act 1973
short_name: AOA1973
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AOA1973
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act relating to the unlawful possession of guns and ammunition and the carrying and using of guns. [Act 3 of 2021 wef 01/07/2025]


id: asa-2007
type: statute
title: Accounting Standards Act 2007
title_en: Accounting Standards Act 2007
short_name: ASA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ASA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to establish the Accounting Standards Committee to issue accounting standards applicable to companies and other incorporated and unincorporated bodies, to provide for accounting standards applicable to statutory bodies with a public function and for matters connected therewith. [Act 36 of 2022 wef 01/04/2023]


id: astra-1990
type: statute
title: Agency for Science, Technology and Research Act 1990
title_en: Agency for Science, Technology and Research Act 1990
short_name: ASTRA1990
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ASTRA1990
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to establish the Agency for Science, Technology and Research and for matters connected therewith.


id: ba-1970
type: statute
title: Banking Act 1970
title_en: Banking Act 1970
short_name: BA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for the licensing and regulation of the businesses of banks, merchant banks and related institutions, and the credit card and charge card business of banks, merchant banks and other institutions, and matters related thereto. [5/2016]


id: ba-1994
type: statute
title: Broadcasting Act 1994
title_en: Broadcasting Act 1994
short_name: BA1994
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BA1994
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to regulate dealing in, the operation of and ownership in broadcasting services and broadcasting apparatus, to regulate online communication services accessible by Singapore end-users, and for matters connected therewith. [Act 38 of 2022 wef 01/02/2023]


id: bata-2005
type: statute
title: Biological Agents and Toxins Act 2005
title_en: Biological Agents and Toxins Act 2005
short_name: BATA2005
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BATA2005
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to prohibit or otherwise regulate the possession, use, import, transhipment, transfer and transportation of biological agents, inactivated biological agents and toxins, to provide for safe practices in the handling of such biological agents and toxins.


id: bca-1989
type: statute
title: Building Control Act 1989
title_en: Building Control Act 1989
short_name: BCA1989
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BCA1989
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to consolidate and amend and to make further provision concerning the law relating to buildings, and for matters connected therewith.


id: bcaa-1999
type: statute
title: Building and Construction Authority Act 1999
title_en: Building and Construction Authority Act 1999
short_name: BCAA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BCAA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to establish the Building and Construction Authority, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: bcispa-2004
type: statute
title: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004
title_en: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004
short_name: BCISPA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BCISPA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to facilitate payments for construction work done or for related goods or services supplied in the building and construction industry, and for matters connected therewith.


id: bla-1992
type: statute
title: Bills of Lading Act 1992
title_en: Bills of Lading Act 1992
short_name: BLA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BLA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to replace the Bills of Lading Act 1855 with new provision with respect to bills of lading and certain other shipping documents.


id: bnra-2014
type: statute
title: Business Names Registration Act 2014
title_en: Business Names Registration Act 2014
short_name: BNRA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BNRA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for the registration of persons carrying on business in Singapore and their business names.


id: bsgo-1950
type: statute
title: Brothers of St. Gabriel Ordinance 1950
title_en: Brothers of St. Gabriel Ordinance 1950
short_name: BSGO1950
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BSGO1950
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Titular Superior of the Congregation of the Brothers of Christian Instruction of St. Gabriel in the Colony of Singapore.


id: bsia-2015
type: statute
title: Bus Services Industry Act 2015
title_en: Bus Services Industry Act 2015
short_name: BSIA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BSIA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to regulate the provision of bus services and the operation of bus depots and bus interchanges in Singapore, and to control entities providing essential transport services and their equity interest holders. [Act 20 of 2024 wef 01/04/2025]


id: bsma-1998
type: statute
title: Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998
title_en: Boundaries and Survey Maps Act 1998
short_name: BSMA1998
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BSMA1998
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for the demarcation of land, the establishment and maintenance of boundary marks and the publication of certain survey maps.


id: bsma-2004
type: statute
title: Building (Strata Management) Act 2004
title_en: Building (Strata Management) Act 2004
short_name: BSMA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BSMA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to provide for proper maintenance and management of buildings in strata developments. [Act 12 of 2020 wef 01/10/2025]


id: bta-2004
type: statute
title: Business Trusts Act 2004
title_en: Business Trusts Act 2004
short_name: BTA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BTA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act relating to the registration and regulation of business trusts and matters connected therewith.


id: bwaa-1966
type: statute
title: Bretton Woods Agreements Act 1966
title_en: Bretton Woods Agreements Act 1966
short_name: BWAA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BWAA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to enable Singapore to become a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by acceptance of the International Agreements for the establishment and operation of the Fund and the Bank.


id: ca-1967
type: statute
title: Currency Act 1967
title_en: Currency Act 1967
short_name: CA1967
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA1967
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to establish the national currency of Singapore, and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: ca-1994
type: statute
title: Charities Act 1994
title_en: Charities Act 1994
short_name: CA1994
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA1994
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to make provision for the registration of charities, the administration of charities and their affairs, the regulation of charities and institutions of a public character, the regulation of fund‑raising activities carried on in connection with charities and other institutions and the conduct of fund‑raising appeals, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: ca-2004
type: statute
title: Competition Act 2004
title_en: Competition Act 2004
short_name: CA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to make provision about competition and the abuse of a dominant position in the market; and to establish the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore, to provide for its functions and powers and for matters connected therewith. [10/2018]


id: ca-2018
type: statute
title: Cybersecurity Act 2018
title_en: Cybersecurity Act 2018
short_name: CA2018
status: in_force
issued_date: 2018-03-02
in_force_date: 2018-08-31
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to require or authorise the taking of measures to prevent, manage and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents, to regulate certain persons in relation to the cybersecurity of certain computers or computer systems, to regulate cybersecurity service providers, and for matters related thereto. [Act 19 of 2024 wef 31/10/2025]


id: ca-2021
type: statute
title: Copyright Act 2021
title_en: Copyright Act 2021
short_name: CA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:13
description:
An Act to repeal and re‑enact the Copyright Act (Chapter 63 of the 2006 Revised Edition) to provide for copyright, the protection of performances and related rights, and to make related and consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: caa-1988
type: statute
title: Carriage by Air Act 1988
title_en: Carriage by Air Act 1988
short_name: CAA1988
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CAA1988
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the provisions of the Warsaw Convention concerning international carriage by air and the Convention as amended by the Hague Protocol and the Montreal Protocol No. 4 and for purposes connected therewith.


id: caasa-2009
type: statute
title: Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Act 2009
title_en: Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Act 2009
short_name: CAASA2009
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CAASA2009
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the transfer of the airport undertaking of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore to a successor company, to provide for the reconstitution of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, to provide for the regulation of the operation of airports and for the imposition of economic controls at airports.


id: cadda-1996
type: statute
title: Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Duties Act 1996
title_en: Countervailing and Anti-Dumping Duties Act 1996
short_name: CADDA1996
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CADDA1996
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provisions for the investigation and determination of subsidies being provided on, and the dumping of, goods imported into Singapore, the imposition of countervailing and anti-dumping duties to offset such subsidies or dumping and for matters connected therewith.


id: camc1999a-2007
type: statute
title: Carriage by Air (Montreal Convention, 1999) Act 2007
title_en: Carriage by Air (Montreal Convention, 1999) Act 2007
short_name: CAMC1999A2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CAMC1999A2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the provisions of the Montreal Convention, 1999 concerning international carriage by air and for purposes connected therewith.


id: cba-2016
type: statute
title: Credit Bureau Act 2016
title_en: Credit Bureau Act 2016
short_name: CBA2016
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CBA2016
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation of certain credit bureaus, the credit reporting business, and certain members of these credit bureaus to whom the credit bureaus provide customer information, and for matters connected with any of these.


id: cbca-1960
type: statute
title: Corporate Bodies’ Contracts Act 1960
title_en: Corporate Bodies’ Contracts Act 1960
short_name: CBCA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CBCA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to amend the law governing the making of contracts by or on behalf of bodies corporate; and for connected purposes.


id: cbra-2018
type: statute
title: Cross-Border Railways Act 2018
title_en: Cross-Border Railways Act 2018
short_name: CBRA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CBRA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the construction, maintenance, operation and regulation of cross‑border railways between Singapore and Malaysia in accordance with bilateral railway agreements, and to make related and consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: cbsvo-1915
type: statute
title: Christian Brothers’ Schools Visitor Ordinance 1915
title_en: Christian Brothers’ Schools Visitor Ordinance 1915
short_name: CBSVO1915
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CBSVO1915
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Visitor in the Straits Settlements of the Christian Brothers’ Schools.


id: cca-2006
type: statute
title: Casino Control Act 2006
title_en: Casino Control Act 2006
short_name: CCA2006
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CCA2006
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provision for the operation and regulation of casinos and gambling in casinos and the regulation of persons connected therewith; to provide for the functions of the National Council on Problem Gambling and measures against problem gambling and for matters connected therewith. [Act 29 of 2024 wef 30/10/2024]


id: ccaa-2016
type: statute
title: Choice of Court Agreements Act 2016
title_en: Choice of Court Agreements Act 2016
short_name: CCAA2016
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CCAA2016
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention on Choice of Court Agreements done at The Hague on 30 June 2005 and for connected purposes.


id: ccefa-2005
type: statute
title: Community Care Endowment Fund Act 2005
title_en: Community Care Endowment Fund Act 2005
short_name: CCEFA2005
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CCEFA2005
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Community Care Endowment Fund for the purposes of providing assistance to citizens and permanent residents of Singapore and their family members living in Singapore, who are in financial and other difficulties, and for matters connected therewith; and to terminate the charitable trust known as the Community Assistance Fund.


id: cda-1986
type: statute
title: Civil Defence Act 1986
title_en: Civil Defence Act 1986
short_name: CDA1986
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDA1986
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the raising, maintenance and discipline of a civil defence force and for the exercise of the functions and powers of the Force during national emergencies, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: cdaa-2025
type: statute
title: Communicable Diseases Agency Act 2025
title_en: Communicable Diseases Agency Act 2025
short_name: CDAA2025
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDAA2025
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Communicable Diseases Agency and to make consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: cdcsa-2001
type: statute
title: Child Development Co-Savings Act 2001
title_en: Child Development Co-Savings Act 2001
short_name: CDCSA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDCSA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to encourage married persons in Singapore to have more children, to facilitate the provision of cash grants and the making of financial provision for the development of children, to enable financial provision to be made for children of parents who have been granted a divorce, a judicial separation or an annulment of marriage, and for matters connected therewith. [13/2011]


id: cdra-2015
type: statute
title: Community Disputes Resolution Act 2015
title_en: Community Disputes Resolution Act 2015
short_name: CDRA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDRA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to facilitate the resolution of community disputes by providing for a statutory tort for community disputes, a community disputes management framework and for the establishment of Community Disputes Resolution Tribunals to deal with such disputes, and for matters connected therewith. [Act 43 of 2024 wef 24/03/2025]


id: cdsa-1997
type: statute
title: Civil Defence Shelter Act 1997
title_en: Civil Defence Shelter Act 1997
short_name: CDSA1997
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDSA1997
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to the provision of civil defence shelters for use during a state of emergency and for matters connected therewith.


id: cdtosccba-1992
type: statute
title: Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act 1992
title_en: Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act 1992
short_name: CDTOSCCBA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDTOSCCBA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the confiscation of benefits derived from, and to combat, corruption, drug dealing and other serious crimes and for purposes connected therewith. [44/2007; 21/2014]


id: cea-2000
type: statute
title: Compulsory Education Act 2000
title_en: Compulsory Education Act 2000
short_name: CEA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CEA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for compulsory primary education in Singapore and for matters connected therewith.


id: cesowa-1958
type: statute
title: Corrosive and Explosive Substances and Offensive Weapons Act 1958
title_en: Corrosive and Explosive Substances and Offensive Weapons Act 1958
short_name: CESOWA1958
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CESOWA1958
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide certain penalties relating to the unlawful possession of corrosive and explosive substances and the carrying of offensive and scheduled weapons.


id: clga-1970
type: statute
title: Civil List and Gratuity Act 1970
title_en: Civil List and Gratuity Act 1970
short_name: CLGA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CLGA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide a civil list and gratuity for the President of the Republic of Singapore. [20/2012]


id: clltca-2019
type: statute
title: CareShield Life and Long-Term Care Act 2019
title_en: CareShield Life and Long-Term Care Act 2019
short_name: CLLTCA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CLLTCA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish and provide for the CareShield Life Scheme and other measures to provide for long‑term care financing support for severely disabled persons.


id: cltpa-1955
type: statute
title: Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act 1955
title_en: Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act 1955
short_name: CLTPA1955
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CLTPA1955
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make temporary provisions for the maintenance of public order, the control of supplies by sea to Singapore, and the prevention of strikes and lock‑outs in essential services.


id: cma-1993
type: statute
title: Computer Misuse Act
title_en: Computer Misuse Act
short_name: CMA
status: in_force
issued_date: 1993-08-30
in_force_date: 1993-08-30
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CMA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provision for securing computer material against unauthorised access or modification, for preventing abuse of the national digital identity service, and for matters related thereto. [3/2013; 9/2018] [Act 16 of 2023 wef 08/02/2024]


id: cmca-1997
type: statute
title: Community Mediation Centres Act 1997
title_en: Community Mediation Centres Act 1997
short_name: CMCA1997
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CMCA1997
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment and operation of Community Mediation Centres to provide mediation services connected with certain disputes.


id: cnpia-1953
type: statute
title: Contributory Negligence and Personal Injuries Act 1953
title_en: Contributory Negligence and Personal Injuries Act 1953
short_name: CNPIA1953
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CNPIA1953
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to contributory negligence and for purposes connected therewith and to abolish the defence of common employment.


id: covid19tma-2020
type: statute
title: COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020
title_en: COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020
short_name: COVID19TMA2020
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/COVID19TMA2020
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide temporary measures, and deal with other matters, relating to the COVID‑19 pandemic, and to make a consequential amendment to the Property Tax Act (Chapter 254 of the 2005 Revised Edition).


id: cpa-1993
type: statute
title: Control of Plants Act 1993
title_en: Control of Plants Act 1993
short_name: CPA1993
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the cultivation, import, transhipment and export of plants and plant products, the protection of plants and plant products against pests and diseases, the control of the introduction of pests into Singapore, the use of pesticides, the measures pertaining to the development and improvement of the plant industry in Singapore and for purposes connected therewith.


id: cpa-2018
type: statute
title: Carbon Pricing Act 2018
title_en: Carbon Pricing Act 2018
short_name: CPA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to require the reporting of, and the payment of a tax in relation to, greenhouse gas emissions.


id: cpfa-1953
type: statute
title: Central Provident Fund Act 1953
title_en: Central Provident Fund Act 1953
short_name: CPFA1953
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPFA1953
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provision for the establishment of the Central Provident Fund Board and a central provident fund.


id: cpfta-2003
type: statute
title: Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act 2003
title_en: Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act 2003
short_name: CPFTA2003
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPFTA2003
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to protect consumers against unfair practices and to give consumers additional rights in respect of goods that do not conform to contract, and for matters connected therewith. [7/2012]


id: cptdsra-1975
type: statute
title: Consumer Protection (Trade Descriptions and Safety Requirements) Act 1975
title_en: Consumer Protection (Trade Descriptions and Safety Requirements) Act 1975
short_name: CPTDSRA1975
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPTDSRA1975
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provisions prohibiting misdescriptions of goods supplied in the course of trade; to confer power to prescribe requirements relating to informative marking and advertisement of goods and to their safe composition, construction or design, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: csa-1979
type: statute
title: Co-operative Societies Act 1979
title_en: Co-operative Societies Act 1979
short_name: CSA1979
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CSA1979
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make better provision for the registration and regulation of co-operative societies, and for matters connected therewith.


id: csca-2001
type: statute
title: Civil Service College Act 2001
title_en: Civil Service College Act 2001
short_name: CSCA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CSCA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Civil Service College, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: csgba-1981
type: statute
title: Central Sikh Gurdwara Board Act 1981
title_en: Central Sikh Gurdwara Board Act 1981
short_name: CSGBA1981
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CSGBA1981
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the amalgamation of the Queen Street Gurdawara Board of Trustees (Incorporated) and the Silat Road Gurdwara Board of Trustees (Incorporated) into a single body corporate to be called the Central Sikh Gurdwara Board and for purposes connected therewith.


id: cspa-2024
type: statute
title: Corporate Service Providers Act 2024
title_en: Corporate Service Providers Act 2024
short_name: CSPA2024
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CSPA2024
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate persons who carry on a business of providing corporate services, and qualified individuals who provide, or supervise the provision of, corporate services, and to impose requirements on those persons so as to detect or prevent money laundering, the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism financing, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: csta-2018
type: statute
title: Common Services Tunnels Act 2018
title_en: Common Services Tunnels Act 2018
short_name: CSTA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CSTA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish common services tunnel areas and for the regulation of activities within or connected with common services tunnel areas to ensure the safe and efficient operation and functionality of any common services tunnel and any ancillary facility of the common services tunnel, and for connected purposes.


id: cta-1992
type: statute
title: Commodity Trading Act 1992
title_en: Commodity Trading Act 1992
short_name: CTA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CTA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act for the regulation of certain types of commodity trading, and for matters connected therewith. [35/2007]


id: cvpa-1998
type: statute
title: Control of Vectors and Pesticides Act 1998
title_en: Control of Vectors and Pesticides Act 1998
short_name: CVPA1998
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CVPA1998
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the destruction of vectors and the control of vector‑borne diseases; to provide for the control of the sale and use of pesticides and vector repellents; to provide for the registration, licensing and certification of persons engaged in vector control work, and for matters connected therewith.


id: cwpa-2000
type: statute
title: Chemical Weapons (Prohibition) Act 2000
title_en: Chemical Weapons (Prohibition) Act 2000
short_name: CWPA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CWPA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction concluded at Paris on 13 January 1993.


id: cypa-1993
type: statute
title: Children and Young Persons Act 1993
title_en: Children and Young Persons Act 1993
short_name: CYPA1993
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CYPA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the welfare, care, protection and rehabilitation of children and young persons who are in need of such care, protection or rehabilitation, to regulate homes for children and young persons and to consolidate the law relating to children and young persons. [3/2011]


id: dca-2022
type: statute
title: Debt Collection Act 2022
title_en: Debt Collection Act 2022
short_name: DCA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DCA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate the operation of debt collection businesses and the conduct of certain debt collection activities and to provide for other connected or incidental matters.


id: dcciio-1949
type: statute
title: Daughters of Charity of the Canossian Institute Incorporation Ordinance 1949
title_en: Daughters of Charity of the Canossian Institute Incorporation Ordinance 1949
short_name: DCCIIO1949
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DCCIIO1949
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Mother Superior of the Society of the Daughters of Charity of the Canossian Institute in the Colony of Singapore.


id: dcoofa-1968
type: statute
title: Diplomatic and Consular Officers (Oaths and Fees) Act 1968
title_en: Diplomatic and Consular Officers (Oaths and Fees) Act 1968
short_name: DCOOFA1968
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DCOOFA1968
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the administration of oaths and the levy of fees by diplomatic and consular officers.


id: dfa-1959
type: statute
title: Development Fund Act 1959
title_en: Development Fund Act 1959
short_name: DFA1959
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DFA1959
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to define the purposes of and to regulate the Development Fund and to provide for the payment into the Development Fund of sums raised under any Loan Act.


id: difa-2000
type: statute
title: Developmental Investment Fund Act 2000
title_en: Developmental Investment Fund Act 2000
short_name: DIFA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DIFA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish a Developmental Investment Fund and to define its purposes and for matters connected therewith. [Act 35 of 2021 wef 31/01/2022]


id: dipopsa-2011
type: statute
title: Deposit Insurance and Policy Owners’ Protection Schemes Act 2011
title_en: Deposit Insurance and Policy Owners’ Protection Schemes Act 2011
short_name: DIPOPSA2011
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DIPOPSA2011
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to reconstitute the Deposit Insurance Scheme for the purpose of providing limited compensation to insured depositors under certain circumstances, to establish a Policy Owners’ Protection Scheme for the purpose of compensating (in part or whole) or otherwise assisting or protecting insured policy owners and beneficiaries under certain circumstances, and for matters connected therewith.


id: dpa-1989
type: statute
title: Destitute Persons Act 1989
title_en: Destitute Persons Act 1989
short_name: DPA1989
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DPA1989
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the care and rehabilitation of destitute persons and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: dra-1999
type: statute
title: Dental Registration Act 1999
title_en: Dental Registration Act 1999
short_name: DRA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DRA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Singapore Dental Council, to provide for the registration of dentists and oral health therapists and for matters connected therewith.


id: dstaa-2000
type: statute
title: Defence Science and Technology Agency Act 2000
title_en: Defence Science and Technology Agency Act 2000
short_name: DSTAA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DSTAA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Defence Science and Technology Agency, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: dua-1922
type: statute
title: Decorations and Uniforms Act 1922
title_en: Decorations and Uniforms Act 1922
short_name: DUA1922
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/DUA1922
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to prevent the unauthorised use of or wearing of certain orders, decorations, medals, emblems and uniforms and for purposes connected therewith.


id: ea-1968
type: statute
title: Extradition Act 1968
title_en: Extradition Act 1968
short_name: EA1968
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EA1968
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the extradition of fugitives to and from Commonwealth countries and foreign States and for matters connected therewith.


id: ea-1970
type: statute
title: Enlistment Act 1970
title_en: Enlistment Act 1970
short_name: EA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the enlistment of persons in the armed forces of Singapore, the Singapore Police Force and the Singapore Civil Defence Force. [Act 10 of 2024 wef 01/05/2024]


id: ea-2001
type: statute
title: Electricity Act 2001
title_en: Electricity Act 2001
short_name: EA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to create a competitive market framework for the electricity industry, to make provision for the safety, technical and economic regulation of the generation, transmission, supply and use of electricity, and for other matters connected therewith.


id: eaa-2010
type: statute
title: Estate Agents Act 2010
title_en: Estate Agents Act 2010
short_name: EAA2010
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EAA2010
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish an enhanced framework for the regulation of real estate agents and their salespersons and to form a Council for Estate Agencies.


id: eca-1953
type: statute
title: Exchange Control Act 1953
title_en: Exchange Control Act 1953
short_name: ECA1953
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ECA1953
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to confer powers, and impose duties and restrictions, in relation to gold, currency, payments, securities, debts, and the import, export, transfer and settlement of property, and for purposes connected with those matters.


id: eca-2012
type: statute
title: Energy Conservation Act 2012
title_en: Energy Conservation Act 2012
short_name: ECA2012
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ECA2012
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to mandate energy efficiency requirements and energy management practices to promote energy conservation, improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact.


id: eca-2016
type: statute
title: Employment Claims Act 2016
title_en: Employment Claims Act 2016
short_name: ECA2016
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ECA2016
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to facilitate the expeditious resolution of employment disputes by providing for the mediation of such disputes, for the constitution, jurisdiction and powers of and administration of justice in the Employment Claims Tribunals, and for related matters.


id: ecdca-2017
type: statute
title: Early Childhood Development Centres Act 2017
title_en: Early Childhood Development Centres Act 2017
short_name: ECDCA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ECDCA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate the operation of early childhood development centres and to provide for other connected or incidental matters.


id: echsa-1996
type: statute
title: Executive Condominium Housing Scheme Act 1996
title_en: Executive Condominium Housing Scheme Act 1996
short_name: ECHSA1996
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ECHSA1996
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the executive condominium housing scheme, and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: ecpoja-1979
type: statute
title: Evidence (Civil Proceedings in Other Jurisdictions) Act 1979
title_en: Evidence (Civil Proceedings in Other Jurisdictions) Act 1979
short_name: ECPOJA1979
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ECPOJA1979
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make new provision for enabling the General Division of the High Court to assist in obtaining evidence required for the purposes of civil proceedings in other jurisdictions and for matters connected therewith. [40/2019]


id: eda-1929
type: statute
title: Estate Duty Act 1929
title_en: Estate Duty Act 1929
short_name: EDA1929
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EDA1929
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the levy of estate duty payable in respect of the estates of deceased persons.


id: edma-1999
type: statute
title: Exchanges (Demutualisation and Merger) Act 1999
title_en: Exchanges (Demutualisation and Merger) Act 1999
short_name: EDMA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EDMA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the demutualisation and merger of the Stock Exchange of Singapore Limited, the Singapore International Monetary Exchange Limited and the Securities Clearing and Computer Services (Pte) Limited by making these companies wholly‑owned subsidiaries of a transferee holding company.


id: eeirita-1967
type: statute
title: Economic Expansion Incentives (Relief from Income Tax) Act 1967
title_en: Economic Expansion Incentives (Relief from Income Tax) Act 1967
short_name: EEIRITA1967
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EEIRITA1967
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to incentives for the establishment of pioneer industries and for economic expansion generally, by way of providing relief from income tax.


id: eessa-1992
type: statute
title: Education Endowment and Savings Schemes Act 1992
title_en: Education Endowment and Savings Schemes Act 1992
short_name: EESSA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EESSA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish an education endowment scheme and a scheme to promote savings for post-secondary education, and for matters connected therewith.


id: emasa-2001
type: statute
title: Energy Market Authority of Singapore Act 2001
title_en: Energy Market Authority of Singapore Act 2001
short_name: EMASA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EMASA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Energy Market Authority of Singapore, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: epha-1987
type: statute
title: Environmental Public Health Act 1987
title_en: Environmental Public Health Act 1987
short_name: EPHA1987
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EPHA1987
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate the law relating to environmental public health and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: epma-1999
type: statute
title: Environmental Protection and Management Act 1999
title_en: Environmental Protection and Management Act 1999
short_name: EPMA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EPMA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate the laws relating to environmental pollution control, to provide for the protection and management of the environment and resource conservation, and for purposes connected therewith. [26/2007]


id: esba-2018
type: statute
title: Enterprise Singapore Board Act 2018
title_en: Enterprise Singapore Board Act 2018
short_name: ESBA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ESBA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Enterprise Singapore Board and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: esiea-2006
type: statute
title: Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act 2006
title_en: Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act 2006
short_name: ESIEA2006
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ESIEA2006
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora by controlling the import, export, re‑export and introduction from the sea of certain animals and plants, and parts and derivatives of such animals and plants, and for matters connected therewith.


id: esipa-2001
type: statute
title: Education Service Incentive Payment Act 2001
title_en: Education Service Incentive Payment Act 2001
short_name: ESIPA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ESIPA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish a scheme known as the CONNECT Plan to encourage long service by teachers under the control or management of the Government and the CONNECT Fund for the purpose of that Plan and for matters connected therewith.


id: eta-2010
type: statute
title: Electronic Transactions Act
title_en: Electronic Transactions Act
short_name: ETA
status: in_force
issued_date: 2010-11-01
in_force_date: 2010-11-01
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ETA2010
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the security and use of electronic transactions, to implement the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 23 November 2005, to adopt the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on 13 July 2017 and to provide for matters connected therewith. [5/2021]


id: evca-2022
type: statute
title: Electric Vehicles Charging Act 2022
title_en: Electric Vehicles Charging Act 2022
short_name: EVCA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EVCA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate devices intended for charging electric vehicles and operators of charging stations and providers of charging services for electric vehicles, to expand the network of accessible electric vehicle charging points, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: fa-1920
type: statute
title: Foreshores Act 1920
title_en: Foreshores Act 1920
short_name: FA1920
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FA1920
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for reclamations and to validate and facilitate leases or grants of foreshores and submerged lands.


id: fa-1966
type: statute
title: Fisheries Act 1966
title_en: Fisheries Act 1966
short_name: FA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act for the protection and conservation of fisheries, and to make provision for the control of fishing, the control of the marketing and distribution of fish and the use and control of fishing ports and harbours, for measures pertaining to the general welfare and improvement of the fishing industry in Singapore and for purposes incidental thereto.


id: fa-1981
type: statute
title: Films Act 1981
title_en: Films Act 1981
short_name: FA1981
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FA1981
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to the possession, importation, making, distribution and exhibition of films, and to provide for the classification of films and for the enforcement of those classifications. [25/2018]


id: faa-2001
type: statute
title: Financial Advisers Act 2001
title_en: Financial Advisers Act 2001
short_name: FAA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FAA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate financial advisers and their representatives and supervisors, and for other purposes relating thereto or connected therewith. [18/2015]


id: feda-2015
type: statute
title: Foreign Employee Dormitories Act 2015
title_en: Foreign Employee Dormitories Act 2015
short_name: FEDA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FEDA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation of operators of dormitories for foreign employees and for matters connected with or incidental to that.


id: fhca-2013
type: statute
title: Financial Holding Companies Act 2013
title_en: Financial Holding Companies Act 2013
short_name: FHCA2013
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FHCA2013
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate financial holding companies and to make consequential amendments to certain other written laws.


id: fica-2021
type: statute
title: Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021
title_en: Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021
short_name: FICA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FICA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to counteract foreign interference in the public interest, to repeal the Political Donations Act (Chapter 236 of the 2001 Revised Edition) and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: fja-2014
type: statute
title: Family Justice Act 2014
title_en: Family Justice Act 2014
short_name: FJA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FJA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to the constitution, jurisdiction and powers of the Family Justice Courts and the administration of justice therein.


id: flcmia-1959
type: statute
title: Federal Lands Commissioner, Malaysia (Incorporation) Act 1959
title_en: Federal Lands Commissioner, Malaysia (Incorporation) Act 1959
short_name: FLCMIA1959
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FLCMIA1959
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to incorporate the Federal Lands Commissioner, Malaysia, and vest in that Corporation the properties previously vested in the Chief Secretary, Federation of Malaya.


id: flpa-2012
type: statute
title: Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012
title_en: Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012
short_name: FLPA2012
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FLPA2012
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for any law relating to the limitation of actions to be treated, for the purposes of cases in which effect is given to foreign law or to determinations by foreign courts, as a matter of substance rather than as a matter of procedure.


id: fmdmo-1954
type: statute
title: Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood Ordinance 1954
title_en: Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood Ordinance 1954
short_name: FMDMO1954
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FMDMO1954
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Reverend Mother Superior of the Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood in Malaya.


id: fpa-1966
type: statute
title: Financial Procedure Act 1966
title_en: Financial Procedure Act 1966
short_name: FPA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FPA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the control and management of the public finances of Singapore, and for financial and accounting procedure, including procedure for the collection, custody and payment of the public moneys of Singapore, and the purchase, custody and disposal of public property of Singapore and for matters connected therewith.


id: fsma-2022
type: statute
title: Financial Services and Markets Act 2022
title_en: Financial Services and Markets Act 2022
short_name: FSMA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FSMA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for a financial sector-wide regulation of financial services and markets, the exercise of control over and the resolution of financial institutions and their related entities, the licensing and regulation of digital token service providers, and other incidental and connected matters, to make related and consequential amendments to certain other Acts, and to amend a provision of the Income Tax Act 1947 consequent upon the operation of the Financial Holding Companies Act 2013.


id: fssa-2025
type: statute
title: Food Safety and Security Act 2025
title_en: Food Safety and Security Act 2025
short_name: FSSA2025
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FSSA2025
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to food safety in connection with the production of primary produce, the supply of food and the provision of drinking water, to improve food security in Singapore, to promote the general public’s health through better diet and nutrition, to repeal the Sale of Food Act 1973 and the Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: ftza-1966
type: statute
title: Free Trade Zones Act 1966
title_en: Free Trade Zones Act 1966
short_name: FTZA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FTZA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment of free trade zones in Singapore and the regulation of activities in those free trade zones, and for matters incidental thereto. [Act 33 of 2023 wef 01/03/2024]


id: ga-2001
type: statute
title: Gas Act 2001
title_en: Gas Act 2001
short_name: GA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to create a competitive market framework for the gas industry, to make provision for the safety, technical and economic regulation of the transportation and retail of gas, and for other matters connected therewith.


id: gca-1966
type: statute
title: Government Contracts Act 1966
title_en: Government Contracts Act 1966
short_name: GCA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GCA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the making of contracts on behalf of the Government and for matters connected therewith.


id: gca-1973
type: statute
title: Geneva Conventions Act 1973
title_en: Geneva Conventions Act 1973
short_name: GCA1973
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GCA1973
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to enable effect to be given to certain international Conventions relative to the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field, the amelioration of the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea, the treatment of prisoners of war, and the protection of civilian persons in time of war, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: gca-2022
type: statute
title: Gambling Control Act 2022
title_en: Gambling Control Act 2022
short_name: GCA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GCA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate the law on the suppression of various forms of unlawful gambling and the regulation of authorised gambling services outside of casinos, to repeal the Betting Act 1960, the Common Gaming Houses Act 1961, the Private Lotteries Act 2011 and the Remote Gambling Act 2014, and to make related and consequential amendments to the Casino Control Act 2006 and certain other Acts.


id: gda-2022
type: statute
title: Gambling Duties Act 2022
title_en: Gambling Duties Act 2022
short_name: GDA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GDA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to consolidate the law on levy and collection of duties on lawful betting and lotteries and to make related amendments to the Casino Control Act regarding casino taxes and casino licences, to repeal the Betting and Sweepstake Duties Act, and to make consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: gewca-2021
type: statute
title: Guns, Explosives and Weapons Control Act 2021
title_en: Guns, Explosives and Weapons Control Act 2021
short_name: GEWCA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GEWCA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to control the handling of guns, gun accessories, explosives, explosive precursors, weapons and noxious substances, to repeal the Arms and Explosives Act (Chapter 13 of the 2003 Revised Edition), the Dangerous Fireworks Act (Chapter 72 of the 2014 Revised Edition) and the Explosive Substances Act (Chapter 100 of the 2014 Revised Edition), to make related amendments to the Arms Offences Act (Chapter 14 of the 2008 Revised Edition) and the Corrosive and Explosive Substances and Offensive Weapons Act (Chapter 65 of the 2013 Revised Edition) regarding offences and penalties, and to make consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: gia-2014
type: statute
title: Geographical Indications Act 2014
title_en: Geographical Indications Act 2014
short_name: GIA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GIA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the protection of geographical indications in relation to goods, and for matters connected therewith.


id: gpa-1997
type: statute
title: Government Procurement Act 1997
title_en: Government Procurement Act 1997
short_name: GPA1997
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GPA1997
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Agreement on Government Procurement and other international obligations of Singapore relating to procurements by the Government and public authorities, and for purposes connected therewith. [28/2004]


id: grasa-2022
type: statute
title: Gambling Regulatory Authority of Singapore Act 2022
title_en: Gambling Regulatory Authority of Singapore Act 2022
short_name: GRASA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GRASA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to reconstitute the Casino Regulatory Authority of Singapore as the Gambling Regulatory Authority of Singapore and to modify the functions of the Singapore Totalisator Board, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: gsdmia-1992
type: statute
title: Government Securities (Debt Market and Investment) Act 1992
title_en: Government Securities (Debt Market and Investment) Act 1992
short_name: GSDMIA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GSDMIA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish and regulate the Government Securities Fund, the issue of reserves management Government securities in exchange for foreign reserve and to provide for the borrowing of moneys by the issue of Government securities and Treasury Bills in Singapore. [Act 35 of 2021 wef 31/01/2022] [Act 5 of 2022 wef 21/02/2022]


id: gsfda-2024
type: statute
title: Good Samaritan Food Donation Act 2024
title_en: Good Samaritan Food Donation Act 2024
short_name: GSFDA2024
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GSFDA2024
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act for the protection of certain food donors from liability for any death or personal injury resulting from the consumption of food donated by those food donors under certain conditions.


id: gsta-1993
type: statute
title: Goods and Services Tax Act 1993
title_en: Goods and Services Tax Act 1993
short_name: GSTA1993
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GSTA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the imposition and collection of goods and services tax and for matters connected therewith.


id: haa-1988
type: statute
title: Homes for the Aged Act 1988
title_en: Homes for the Aged Act 1988
short_name: HAA1988
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HAA1988
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the control, licensing and inspection of homes for the aged and for purposes connected therewith.


id: hapaiaa-1978
type: statute
title: Hijacking of Aircraft and Protection of Aircraft and International Airports Act 1978
title_en: Hijacking of Aircraft and Protection of Aircraft and International Airports Act 1978
short_name: HAPAIAA1978
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HAPAIAA1978
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971, the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation signed at Montreal on 24 February 1988, the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts relating to International Civil Aviation signed at Beijing on 10 September 2010 and the Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft signed at Beijing on 10 September 2010, and for purposes connected therewith. [Act 10 of 2022 wef 01/09/2022]


id: haussa-2001
type: statute
title: Home Affairs Uniformed Services Superannuation Act 2001
title_en: Home Affairs Uniformed Services Superannuation Act 2001
short_name: HAUSSA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HAUSSA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish a new occupational superannuation scheme known as the INVEST Plan for officers in the uniformed services under the Ministry of Home Affairs and the INVEST Fund for the purpose of that Plan and for matters connected therewith.


id: hbra-2015
type: statute
title: Human Biomedical Research Act 2015
title_en: Human Biomedical Research Act 2015
short_name: HBRA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HBRA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate the conduct of human biomedical research, to further regulate certain restricted human biomedical research, to prohibit certain types of human biomedical research, to regulate tissue banks and tissue banking activities, to prohibit commercial trading of human tissue and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: hcaja-1961
type: statute
title: High Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) Act 1961
title_en: High Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) Act 1961
short_name: HCAJA1961
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HCAJA1961
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to admiralty jurisdiction, legal proceedings in connection with ships and aircraft and the arrest of ships and other property and for purposes connected therewith.


id: hcoppa-2004
type: statute
title: Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act 2004
title_en: Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act 2004
short_name: HCOPPA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HCOPPA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to prohibit the placing of a human embryo clone in the body of a human or an animal and certain other practices associated with reproductive technology.


id: hota-1987
type: statute
title: Human Organ Transplant Act 1987
title_en: Human Organ Transplant Act 1987
short_name: HOTA1987
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HOTA1987
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provision for the removal of organs for transplantation, for the prohibition of trading in organs and blood, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: hpa-1969
type: statute
title: Hire-Purchase Act 1969
title_en: Hire-Purchase Act 1969
short_name: HPA1969
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HPA1969
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate the form and contents of hire‑purchase agreements and the rights and duties of parties to such agreements and for matters connected therewith.


id: hpa-2007
type: statute
title: Health Products Act 2007
title_en: Health Products Act 2007
short_name: HPA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HPA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to regulate the manufacture, import, supply, presentation and advertisement of health products and of active ingredients used in the manufacture of health products and provide for matters connected therewith.


id: hpba-2001
type: statute
title: Health Promotion Board Act 2001
title_en: Health Promotion Board Act 2001
short_name: HPBA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HPBA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Health Promotion Board, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: hsa-2020
type: statute
title: Healthcare Services Act 2020
title_en: Healthcare Services Act 2020
short_name: HSA2020
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HSA2020
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation of healthcare services and other connected or incidental matters, to repeal the Private Hospitals and Medical Clinics Act (Chapter 248 of the 1999 Revised Edition), and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: hsaa-2001
type: statute
title: Health Sciences Authority Act 2001
title_en: Health Sciences Authority Act 2001
short_name: HSAA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HSAA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Health Sciences Authority, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: hta-2010
type: statute
title: Hostage-Taking Act 2010
title_en: Hostage-Taking Act 2010
short_name: HTA2010
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HTA2010
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the International Convention against the Taking of Hostages and for matters connected therewith.


id: htca-2017
type: statute
title: Home Team Corps Act 2017
title_en: Home Team Corps Act 2017
short_name: HTCA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HTCA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment of a Home Team Corps comprising the National Police Cadet Corps and the National Civil Defence Cadet Corps, and for matters connected with that.


id: hwceita-1997
type: statute
title: Hazardous Waste (Control of Export, Import and Transit) Act 1997
title_en: Hazardous Waste (Control of Export, Import and Transit) Act 1997
short_name: HWCEITA1997
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HWCEITA1997
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation of the export, import and transit of hazardous and other wastes, and for related purposes.


id: ia-1965
type: statute
title: Interpretation Act 1965
title_en: Interpretation Act 1965
short_name: IA1965
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA1965
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to define certain terms and expressions used in written law and to make provision for the construction, interpretation and publication of written law and for matters connected therewith.


id: ia-1966
type: statute
title: Insurance Act 1966
title_en: Insurance Act 1966
short_name: IA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act for the regulation of insurance business in Singapore, insurers, insurance intermediaries and related institutions, and for other purposes relating thereto or connected therewith. [11/2013]


id: ia-2007
type: statute
title: Inquiries Act 2007
title_en: Inquiries Act 2007
short_name: IA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to enable the President to appoint a commission of inquiry and to enable the relevant Minister to appoint a committee of inquiry, and to provide for matters related thereto.


id: iaa-1994
type: statute
title: International Arbitration Act 1994
title_en: International Arbitration Act 1994
short_name: IAA1994
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IAA1994
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provision for the conduct of international commercial arbitrations based on the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and conciliation proceedings and to give effect to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and for matters connected therewith.


id: icaa-2010
type: statute
title: International Child Abduction Act 2010
title_en: International Child Abduction Act 2010
short_name: ICAA2010
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ICAA2010
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and for matters connected therewith.


id: idaa-2002
type: statute
title: International Development Association Act 2002
title_en: International Development Association Act 2002
short_name: IDAA2002
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IDAA2002
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to enable Singapore to become a member of the International Development Association by acceptance of the Articles of Agreement of the establishment and operation of the International Development Association.


id: ifca-1968
type: statute
title: International Finance Corporation Act 1968
title_en: International Finance Corporation Act 1968
short_name: IFCA1968
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IFCA1968
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to implement the International Agreement for the establishment and operation of the International Finance Corporation and to enable Singapore to become a member thereof and for matters connected therewith.


id: ifpa-1966
type: statute
title: Inheritance (Family Provision) Act 1966
title_en: Inheritance (Family Provision) Act 1966
short_name: IFPA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IFPA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act relating to the disposition of estates of deceased persons and for other purposes connected therewith.


id: iiaea-2009
type: statute
title: International Interests in Aircraft Equipment Act 2009
title_en: International Interests in Aircraft Equipment Act 2009
short_name: IIAEA2009
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IIAEA2009
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to implement the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment, each signed at Cape Town on 16 November 2001 and for purposes connected therewith.


id: imdaa-2016
type: statute
title: Info-communications Media Development Authority Act 2016
title_en: Info-communications Media Development Authority Act 2016
short_name: IMDAA2016
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IMDAA2016
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish the Info‑communications Media Development Authority, and to make provision for competition and consumer protection in the media industry.


id: ioipa-1948
type: statute
title: International Organisations (Immunities and Privileges) Act 1948
title_en: International Organisations (Immunities and Privileges) Act 1948
short_name: IOIPA1948
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IOIPA1948
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to make provisions as to the immunities, privileges and capacities of international organisations, in particular those of which the Government and foreign governments are members; to confer immunities and privileges on the staff of such organisations and representatives of member governments and in respect of premises and documents of such organisations; and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid. [16/2016]


id: ipa-2017
type: statute
title: Infrastructure Protection Act 2017
title_en: Infrastructure Protection Act 2017
short_name: IPA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IPA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the protection of certain areas, places and other premises in Singapore against security risks.


id: iposa-2001
type: statute
title: Intellectual Property Office of Singapore Act 2001
title_en: Intellectual Property Office of Singapore Act 2001
short_name: IPOSA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IPOSA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: ippa-2008
type: statute
title: Internationally Protected Persons Act 2008
title_en: Internationally Protected Persons Act 2008
short_name: IPPA2008
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IPPA2008
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons and for matters connected therewith.


id: ira-1960
type: statute
title: Industrial Relations Act 1960
title_en: Industrial Relations Act 1960
short_name: IRA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IRA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation of the relations of employers and employees and of platform operators and platform workers and the prevention and settlement of trade disputes by collective bargaining and conciliation and arbitration and for tripartite mediation of individual disputes. [36/2010] [Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/01/2025]


id: irasa-1992
type: statute
title: Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore Act 1992
title_en: Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore Act 1992
short_name: IRASA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IRASA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: irda-2018
type: statute
title: Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018
title_en: Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018
short_name: IRDA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IRDA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to amend and consolidate the written laws relating to the making and approval of a compromise or an arrangement with the creditors of a company or an individual, receivership, corporate insolvency and winding up, individual insolvency and bankruptcy, and the public administration of insolvency, to provide for the regulation of insolvency practitioners, to provide for connected matters and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: isa-1960
type: statute
title: Internal Security Act 1960
title_en: Internal Security Act 1960
short_name: ISA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ISA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the internal security of Singapore, preventive detention, the prevention of subversion, the suppression of organised violence against persons and property in specified areas of Singapore, and for matters incidental thereto.


id: isa-1987
type: statute
title: Intoxicating Substances Act 1987
title_en: Intoxicating Substances Act 1987
short_name: ISA1987
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ISA1987
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to prohibit the misuse of certain substances which may cause intoxication when inhaled and for purposes connected therewith.


id: iseasyiia-1968
type: statute
title: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute Act 1968
title_en: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute Act 1968
short_name: ISEASYIIA1968
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ISEASYIIA1968
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:14
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment of the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute and for matters connected therewith. [23/2015]


id: itea-1992
type: statute
title: Institute of Technical Education Act 1992
title_en: Institute of Technical Education Act 1992
short_name: ITEA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITEA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Institute of Technical Education, Singapore, and for matters connected therewith.


id: jprra-1960
type: statute
title: Judicial Proceedings (Regulation of Reports) Act 1960
title_en: Judicial Proceedings (Regulation of Reports) Act 1960
short_name: JPRRA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/JPRRA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to regulate the publication of reports of judicial proceedings in such a manner as to prevent injury to public morals.


id: jso-1878
type: statute
title: Jewish Synagogue Ordinance 1878
title_en: Jewish Synagogue Ordinance 1878
short_name: JSO1878
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/JSO1878
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to empower the Trustees of the Jewish Synagogue in Singapore to sell certain property, and for other purposes.


id: ka-1961
type: statute
title: Kidnapping Act 1961
title_en: Kidnapping Act 1961
short_name: KA1961
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/KA1961
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the punishment of the offences of abduction, wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement for ransom and other related offences and for matters incidental thereto.


id: laa-1966
type: statute
title: Land Acquisition Act 1966
title_en: Land Acquisition Act 1966
short_name: LAA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LAA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the acquisition of land for public and certain other specified purposes, the assessment of compensation to be made on account of such acquisition and for purposes connected therewith.


id: larpa-2023
type: statute
title: Lease Agreements for Retail Premises Act 2023
title_en: Lease Agreements for Retail Premises Act 2023
short_name: LARPA2023
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LARPA2023
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Fair Tenancy Industry Committee, the terms on which retail premises may be leased, the resolution of disputes concerning those terms, and for other matters connected therewith.


id: lbca-2021
type: statute
title: Land Betterment Charge Act 2021
title_en: Land Betterment Charge Act 2021
short_name: LBCA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LBCA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the imposition and collection of a tax on the increase in the value of land resulting from a chargeable consent given in relation to land, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: lfrfha-1953
type: statute
title: Local Forces (Relief of Financial Hardship) Act 1953
title_en: Local Forces (Relief of Financial Hardship) Act 1953
short_name: LFRFHA1953
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LFRFHA1953
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to enable payments in addition to pay and allowances to be paid to members of local forces or their dependants for the relief of financial hardship arising in consequence of their service with such forces.


id: liba-1958
type: statute
title: Loans (International Banks) Act 1958
title_en: Loans (International Banks) Act 1958
short_name: LIBA1958
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LIBA1958
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the raising of loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Asian Development Bank by the Government of Singapore and by statutory authorities and for matters connected therewith.


id: llefa-2001
type: statute
title: Lifelong Learning Endowment Fund Act 2001
title_en: Lifelong Learning Endowment Fund Act 2001
short_name: LLEFA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LLEFA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment of a Lifelong Learning Endowment Fund and for purposes connected therewith.


id: lpa-1966
type: statute
title: Legal Profession Act 1966
title_en: Legal Profession Act 1966
short_name: LPA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LPA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Singapore Institute of Legal Education, to constitute the Law Society of Singapore and to amend and consolidate the law relating to the legal profession. [8/2011]


id: lsa-1991
type: statute
title: Land Surveyors Act 1991
title_en: Land Surveyors Act 1991
short_name: LSA1991
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LSA1991
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Land Surveyors Board, to provide for the registration of land surveyors, to regulate the qualifications and practice of land surveyors and to regulate corporations, partnerships and limited liability partnerships which supply survey services in Singapore.


id: lspo-1957
type: statute
title: Little Sisters of the Poor Ordinance 1957
title_en: Little Sisters of the Poor Ordinance 1957
short_name: LSPO1957
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LSPO1957
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Reverend Mother Superior of the Little Sisters of the Poor in Malaya.


id: ltasa-1995
type: statute
title: Land Transport Authority of Singapore Act 1995
title_en: Land Transport Authority of Singapore Act 1995
short_name: LTASA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LTASA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Land Transport Authority of Singapore, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: ltsa-1967
type: statute
title: Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967
title_en: Land Titles (Strata) Act 1967
short_name: LTSA1967
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LTSA1967
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to facilitate the subdivision of land into strata and the collective sale of property, and the disposition of titles thereto and for purposes connected therewith.


id: ma-1970
type: statute
title: Metrication Act 1970
title_en: Metrication Act 1970
short_name: MA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to introduce the use of the International System of Units in Singapore, to enable necessary modifications of legislation to be effected and for matters connected therewith.


id: ma-1975
type: statute
title: Medicines Act 1975
title_en: Medicines Act 1975
short_name: MA1975
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MA1975
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provisions with respect to medicinal products and medical advertisements and matters connected therewith; and to make consequential amendments to the Poisons Act 1938.


id: ma-2008
type: statute
title: Moneylenders Act 2008
title_en: Moneylenders Act 2008
short_name: MA2008
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MA2008
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the regulation of moneylending, the designation and control of a credit bureau, the collection, use and disclosure of borrower information and data, and for connected matters. [7/2018]


id: ma-2017
type: statute
title: Mediation Act 2017
title_en: Mediation Act 2017
short_name: MA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to promote, encourage and facilitate the resolution of disputes by mediation and for connected purposes.


id: masa-1955
type: statute
title: Medicines (Advertisement and Sale) Act 1955
title_en: Medicines (Advertisement and Sale) Act 1955
short_name: MASA1955
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MASA1955
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to prohibit certain advertisements relating to medical matters and to regulate the sale of substances recommended as a medicine.


id: masa-1970
type: statute
title: Monetary Authority of Singapore Act 1970
title_en: Monetary Authority of Singapore Act 1970
short_name: MASA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MASA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish a corporation to be known as the Monetary Authority of Singapore, to provide for the exercise of control over and the resolution of financial institutions and their related entities by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and other authorities, and to establish a framework for the issue of securities by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the regulation of primary dealers of such securities, and for matters incidental thereto and connected therewith. [13/2007; 9/2013]


id: mca-1911
type: statute
title: Maritime Conventions Act 1911
title_en: Maritime Conventions Act 1911
short_name: MCA1911
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MCA1911
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to amend the law relating to merchant shipping with a view to enabling certain conventions to be carried into effect.


id: mca-2008
type: statute
title: Mental Capacity Act 2008
title_en: Mental Capacity Act 2008
short_name: MCA2008
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MCA2008
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make new provision relating to persons who lack capacity and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: mda-1973
type: statute
title: Misuse of Drugs Act 1973
title_en: Misuse of Drugs Act 1973
short_name: MDA1973
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MDA1973
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the control of dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs and substances and for purposes connected therewith.


id: mecesa-2000
type: statute
title: Medical and Elderly Care Endowment Schemes Act 2000
title_en: Medical and Elderly Care Endowment Schemes Act 2000
short_name: MECESA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MECESA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to reconstitute the Medical Endowment Fund and to establish the ElderCare Fund for the purpose of endowment schemes providing financial assistance in connection with medical and healthcare in Singapore and for matters connected therewith.


id: memta-2024
type: statute
title: Multinational Enterprise (Minimum Tax) Act 2024
title_en: Multinational Enterprise (Minimum Tax) Act 2024
short_name: MEMTA2024
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MEMTA2024
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to implement the Global Anti‑Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar 2) relating to the top‑up tax under the Income Inclusion Rule (IIR), to make provision for a domestic minimum top‑up tax within the meaning of those Model Rules, and to make related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: meo-1891
type: statute
title: Missions Étrangères Ordinance 1891
title_en: Missions Étrangères Ordinance 1891
short_name: MEO1891
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MEO1891
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Procureur in Singapore of La Soci&#233;t&#233; des Missions &#201;trang&#232;res.


id: mfia-1959
type: statute
title: Minister for Finance (Incorporation) Act 1959
title_en: Minister for Finance (Incorporation) Act 1959
short_name: MFIA1959
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MFIA1959
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to incorporate the Minister for Finance and to provide for the vesting in such corporation of properties vested in the Chief Secretary.


id: mhcta-2008
type: statute
title: Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act 2008
title_en: Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act 2008
short_name: MHCTA2008
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MHCTA2008
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the admission, detention, care and treatment of mentally disordered persons in designated psychiatric institutions.


id: mlmpspa-1973
type: statute
title: Multi-Level Marketing and Pyramid Selling (Prohibition) Act 1973
title_en: Multi-Level Marketing and Pyramid Selling (Prohibition) Act 1973
short_name: MLMPSPA1973
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MLMPSPA1973
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to prohibit the registration of businesses that are designed to promote multi-level marketing schemes or arrangements or pyramid selling schemes or arrangements in relation to the distribution and sale of commodities; to prohibit the incorporation or registration of companies which propose to promote multi-level marketing schemes or arrangements or pyramid selling schemes or arrangements in relation to the distribution and sale of commodities and to make it unlawful for any person to promote such schemes or arrangements and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: moa-2003
type: statute
title: Maritime Offences Act 2003
title_en: Maritime Offences Act 2003
short_name: MOA2003
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MOA2003
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the provisions of the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation done in Rome on 10 March 1988, and the provisions of the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on the Continental Shelf done in Rome on 10 March 1988, and for purposes connected therewith. [22/2015]


id: moda-2004
type: statute
title: Manufacture of Optical Discs Act 2004
title_en: Manufacture of Optical Discs Act 2004
short_name: MODA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MODA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation and control of the manufacture of optical discs, and for matters connected therewith.


id: morea-1975
type: statute
title: Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1975
title_en: Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1975
short_name: MOREA1975
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MOREA1975
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the enforcement in Singapore of maintenance orders made in reciprocating countries and vice versa.


id: mpa-1995
type: statute
title: Maintenance of Parents Act 1995
title_en: Maintenance of Parents Act 1995
short_name: MPA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MPA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the maintenance of parents by their children and for matters connected therewith.


id: mpasa-1996
type: statute
title: Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996
title_en: Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996
short_name: MPASA1996
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MPASA1996
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: mra-1997
type: statute
title: Medical Registration Act 1997
title_en: Medical Registration Act 1997
short_name: MRA1997
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MRA1997
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the registration of medical practitioners and for matters connected therewith.


id: mrha-1990
type: statute
title: Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act 1990
title_en: Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act 1990
short_name: MRHA1990
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MRHA1990
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the maintenance of religious harmony and for establishing a Presidential Council for Religious Harmony and for matters connected therewith.


id: msclcbopa-2008
type: statute
title: Merchant Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Bunker Oil Pollution) Act 2008
title_en: Merchant Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Bunker Oil Pollution) Act 2008
short_name: MSCLCBOPA2008
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MSCLCBOPA2008
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001 and to make provisions generally for matters connected therewith.


id: msclcopa-1998
type: statute
title: Merchant Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Oil Pollution) Act 1998
title_en: Merchant Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Oil Pollution) Act 1998
short_name: MSCLCOPA1998
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MSCLCOPA1998
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 and to the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 and to make provisions generally for matters connected therewith.


id: msmlca-2014
type: statute
title: Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014
title_en: Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014
short_name: MSMLCA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MSMLCA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, to make provisions generally for matters connected therewith.


id: mswra-2017
type: statute
title: Merchant Shipping (Wreck Removal) Act 2017
title_en: Merchant Shipping (Wreck Removal) Act 2017
short_name: MSWRA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MSWRA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007 and to make provision generally for matters connected therewith.


id: mta-2021
type: statute
title: Multimodal Transport Act 2021
title_en: Multimodal Transport Act 2021
short_name: MTA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MTA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport signed at Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, on 17 November 2005 and for related purposes.


id: mtera-1972
type: statute
title: Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act 1972
title_en: Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act 1972
short_name: MTERA1972
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MTERA1972
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the use of the bodies of deceased persons or parts thereof for purposes of medical or dental education, research, advancement of medical or dental science, therapy and transplantation, and for other purposes connected therewith.


id: mvtprca-1960
type: statute
title: Motor Vehicles (Third-Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960
title_en: Motor Vehicles (Third-Party Risks and Compensation) Act 1960
short_name: MVTPRCA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MVTPRCA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide against third-party risks arising out of the use of motor vehicles and for the payment of compensation in respect of death or bodily injury arising out of the use of motor vehicles and for matters incidental thereto.


id: ncca-1972
type: statute
title: National Cadet Corps Act 1972
title_en: National Cadet Corps Act 1972
short_name: NCCA1972
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NCCA1972
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the raising and maintenance of a National Cadet Corps and for matters connected therewith.


id: neaa-2002
type: statute
title: National Environment Agency Act 2002
title_en: National Environment Agency Act 2002
short_name: NEAA2002
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NEAA2002
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the National Environment Agency, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: nlba-1995
type: statute
title: National Library Board Act 1995
title_en: National Library Board Act 1995
short_name: NLBA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NLBA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the National Library Board, to transfer to it the National Library and for matters connected therewith.


id: nma-1999
type: statute
title: Nurses and Midwives Act 1999
title_en: Nurses and Midwives Act 1999
short_name: NMA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NMA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Singapore Nursing Board, to provide for the registration and enrolment of nurses, the registration of midwives and the certification of Advanced Practice Nurses and for matters connected therewith.


id: npba-1996
type: statute
title: National Parks Board Act 1996
title_en: National Parks Board Act 1996
short_name: NPBA1996
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NPBA1996
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to reconstitute the National Parks Board and to provide for the transfer of the property, rights and liabilities of the Parks and Recreation Department to the National Parks Board, and for matters connected therewith.


id: npfa-2010
type: statute
title: National Productivity Fund Act 2010
title_en: National Productivity Fund Act 2010
short_name: NPFA2010
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NPFA2010
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the National Productivity Fund and to establish the Productivity Fund Administration Board for its proper administration.


id: nra-1965
type: statute
title: National Registration Act 1965
title_en: National Registration Act 1965
short_name: NRA1965
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NRA1965
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the registration of persons in Singapore, for the issue of identity cards and for purposes connected therewith.


id: nrda-2007
type: statute
title: National Registry of Diseases Act 2007
title_en: National Registry of Diseases Act 2007
short_name: NRDA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NRDA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the National Registry of Diseases and to provide for the compilation of information on the incidence of certain diseases for use as a basis for the direction of programmes for disease prevention and control, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: nsa-2022
type: statute
title: National Symbols Act 2022
title_en: National Symbols Act 2022
short_name: NSA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NSA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to set out and declare the national symbols and presidential symbols of Singapore and to regulate their use, to repeal the Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act 1959, and to make related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: nsea-1970
type: statute
title: National Servicemen (Employment) Act 1970
title_en: National Servicemen (Employment) Act 1970
short_name: NSEA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NSEA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for securing the employment of persons who have completed national service and for matters connected therewith.


id: ntuca-2005
type: statute
title: Nanyang Technological University (Corporatisation) Act 2005
title_en: Nanyang Technological University (Corporatisation) Act 2005
short_name: NTUCA2005
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NTUCA2005
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the corporatisation of the Nanyang Technological University and for the transfer of its property, rights and liabilities to a successor company, and to provide for certain matters relating to that company.


id: nusca-2005
type: statute
title: National University of Singapore (Corporatisation) Act 2005
title_en: National University of Singapore (Corporatisation) Act 2005
short_name: NUSCA2005
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NUSCA2005
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the corporatisation of the National University of Singapore and for the transfer of its property, rights and liabilities to a successor company, and to provide for certain matters relating to that company.


id: oca-2015
type: statute
title: Organised Crime Act 2015
title_en: Organised Crime Act 2015
short_name: OCA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/OCA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to detect, investigate, prevent and disrupt organised crime activities and to deprive persons involved in such activities of the benefits of their crime.


id: ocha-2023
type: statute
title: Online Criminal Harms Act 2023
title_en: Online Criminal Harms Act 2023
short_name: OCHA2023
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/OCHA2023
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to counter online criminal activity and protect against online harms, and for connected purposes.


id: ooa-2007
type: statute
title: Optometrists and Opticians Act 2007
title_en: Optometrists and Opticians Act 2007
short_name: OOA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/OOA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the registration of optometrists and opticians, to regulate their practices and to provide for purposes connected therewith.


id: pa-1938
type: statute
title: Poisons Act 1938
title_en: Poisons Act 1938
short_name: PA1938
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PA1938
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to regulate the importation, possession, manufacture, compounding, storage, transport and sale of poisons.


id: pa-1956
type: statute
title: Pensions Act 1956
title_en: Pensions Act 1956
short_name: PA1956
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PA1956
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to regulate the granting of pensions, gratuities and other allowances to officers in the public service of Singapore.


id: pa-1994
type: statute
title: Patents Act 1994
title_en: Patents Act 1994
short_name: PA1994
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PA1994
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish a new law of patents, to enable Singapore to give effect to certain international conventions on patents, and for matters connected therewith.


id: pa-1998
type: statute
title: Planning Act 1998
title_en: Planning Act 1998
short_name: PA1998
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PA1998
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the planning and improvement of Singapore and for purposes connected therewith. [Act 11 of 2021 wef 01/08/2022]


id: pa-2007
type: statute
title: Passports Act 2007
title_en: Passports Act 2007
short_name: PA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the issue of Singapore passports and other travel documents to be used as evidence of identity and citizenship by citizens of Singapore who are travelling internationally and for matters connected therewith.


id: paa-1960
type: statute
title: People’s Association Act 1960
title_en: People’s Association Act 1960
short_name: PAA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PAA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to incorporate the People’s Association for promoting community recreation in Singapore and for matters incidental thereto.


id: pcemo-1903
type: statute
title: Presbyterian Church of England Mission Ordinance 1903
title_en: Presbyterian Church of England Mission Ordinance 1903
short_name: PCEMO1903
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PCEMO1903
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Senior Missionary in Singapore of the Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church of England.


id: pco-1876
type: statute
title: Presbyterian Church Ordinance 1876
title_en: Presbyterian Church Ordinance 1876
short_name: PCO1876
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PCO1876
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to empower the Trustees of the Presbyterian Church in Singapore to sell certain property, and for other purposes.


id: pda-2022
type: statute
title: Public Defenders Act 2022
title_en: Public Defenders Act 2022
short_name: PDA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the appointment of a Chief Public Defender and public defenders in connection with the provision of legal representation to accused persons of limited means in certain criminal proceedings and for connected purposes, and to make related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: pdpa-2012
type: statute
title: Personal Data Protection Act 2012
title_en: Personal Data Protection Act 2012
short_name: PDPA
status: in_force
issued_date: 2012-10-15
in_force_date: 2014-07-02
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDPA2012
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to govern the collection, use and disclosure of personal data by organisations, and to establish the Do Not Call Register and to provide for its administration, and for matters connected therewith. [22/2016]


id: pea-1991
type: statute
title: Professional Engineers Act 1991
title_en: Professional Engineers Act 1991
short_name: PEA1991
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PEA1991
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Professional Engineers Board, to provide for the registration of professional engineers, to regulate the qualifications and conduct of persons that carry out professional engineering work, and to regulate corporations, partnerships, limited liability partnerships and limited partnerships which supply professional engineering services in Singapore. [27/2005; 36/2017]


id: pea-2009
type: statute
title: Private Education Act 2009
title_en: Private Education Act 2009
short_name: PEA2009
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PEA2009
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation and accreditation of private education institutions so as to ensure the provision of quality education thereat and for matters connected therewith. [24/2016]


id: peoa-1976
type: statute
title: Pensions (Expatriate Officers) Act
title_en: Pensions (Expatriate Officers) Act
short_name: PEOA1976
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PEOA1976
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the Public Officers’ Pension (Singapore) Agreement 1976 between the Government of the Republic of Singapore and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


id: pfa-2004
type: statute
title: Police Force Act 2004
title_en: Police Force Act 2004
short_name: PFA2004
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PFA2004
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act relating to the Singapore Police Force and to provide for its organisation and discipline and other related matters.


id: pgmgfa-2014
type: statute
title: Pioneer Generation and Merdeka Generation Funds Act 2014
title_en: Pioneer Generation and Merdeka Generation Funds Act 2014
short_name: PGMGFA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PGMGFA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Pioneer Generation Fund and the Merdeka Generation Fund to provide financial and other support to Singapore’s Pioneers and Merdeka Generation Seniors, respectively, and for matters connected therewith. [16/2019]


id: pha-2014
type: statute
title: Protection from Harassment Act 2014
title_en: Protection from Harassment Act 2014
short_name: PHA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PHA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to protect persons against harassment and unlawful stalking and false statements of fact, and to provide for the establishment of the Protection from Harassment Court. [17/2019]


id: pma-2009
type: statute
title: Preservation of Monuments Act 2009
title_en: Preservation of Monuments Act 2009
short_name: PMA2009
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PMA2009
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the preservation and protection of national monuments by the National Heritage Board and for matters connected therewith.


id: pmo-1910
type: statute
title: Portuguese Missions Ordinance 1910
title_en: Portuguese Missions Ordinance 1910
short_name: PMO1910
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PMO1910
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Agent of the Commission for the Administration of the Estates of the Portuguese Missions in China at Singapore.


id: poa-2009
type: statute
title: Public Order Act 2009
title_en: Public Order Act 2009
short_name: POA2009
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/POA2009
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to regulate assemblies and processions in public places, to provide powers necessary for preserving public order and the safety of individuals at special event areas, to supplement other laws relating to the preservation and maintenance of public order in public places.


id: pofma-2019
type: statute
title: Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019
title_en: Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019
short_name: POFMA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/POFMA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to prevent the electronic communication in Singapore of false statements of fact, to suppress support for and counteract the effects of such communication, to safeguard against the use of online accounts for such communication and for information manipulation, to enable measures to be taken to enhance transparency of online political advertisements, and for related matters.


id: posspa-2018
type: statute
title: Public Order and Safety (Special Powers) Act 2018
title_en: Public Order and Safety (Special Powers) Act 2018
short_name: POSSPA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/POSSPA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to extend police powers to better prevent and respond to any incident or likely incident involving serious violence or large‑scale public disorder in Singapore.


id: ppa-1974
type: statute
title: Parking Places Act 1974
title_en: Parking Places Act 1974
short_name: PPA1974
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPA1974
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act relating to parking places and to address indiscriminate vehicle parking in public places because of shared mobility services. [24/2018; 8/2020]


id: ppa-1978
type: statute
title: Parliamentary Pensions Act 1978
title_en: Parliamentary Pensions Act 1978
short_name: PPA1978
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPA1978
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the grant of pensions and gratuities in respect of service as Members of Parliament and as holders of ministerial and other offices and for purposes connected therewith.


id: ppaa-2012
type: statute
title: Parliamentary Pensions (Abolition) Act 2012
title_en: Parliamentary Pensions (Abolition) Act 2012
short_name: PPAA2012
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPAA2012
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide that service as Members of Parliament and as holders of ministerial and other offices after 20 May 2011 cease to be reckonable for the grant of pensions and gratuities under the Parliamentary Pensions Act 1978, to provide for the eventual repeal of that Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other written laws.


id: ppipa-1962
type: statute
title: Parliament (Privileges, Immunities and Powers) Act 1962
title_en: Parliament (Privileges, Immunities and Powers) Act 1962
short_name: PPIPA1962
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPIPA1962
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to declare and define the privileges, immunities and powers of Parliament and of the Speaker, Members and committees thereof, to regulate the conduct of Members and other persons in connection with the proceedings thereof, to give protection to persons employed in the publication of the reports and other papers of Parliament and for purposes incidental to or connected with the matters aforesaid.


id: ppptia-2019
type: statute
title: Point-to-Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019
title_en: Point-to-Point Passenger Transport Industry Act 2019
short_name: PPPTIA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPPTIA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act with respect to point‑to‑point passenger transport services and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: ppsa-1990
type: statute
title: Prevention of Pollution of the Sea Act 1990
title_en: Prevention of Pollution of the Sea Act 1990
short_name: PPSA1990
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PPSA1990
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified and added to by the Protocol of 1978, the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004, and to other international agreements relating to the protection of the marine environment and to the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the sea and pollution from ships; to make provisions generally for the protection of the marine environment and for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the sea and pollution from ships, and for matters related thereto. [26/2017]


id: pra-2007
type: statute
title: Pharmacists Registration Act 2007
title_en: Pharmacists Registration Act 2007
short_name: PRA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PRA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Singapore Pharmacy Council, to provide for the registration of pharmacists and for matters connected therewith.


id: psa-1999
type: statute
title: Postal Services Act 1999
title_en: Postal Services Act 1999
short_name: PSA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the operation and provision of postal systems and services in Singapore and for matters connected therewith.


id: psa-2019
type: statute
title: Payment Services Act 2019
title_en: Payment Services Act 2019
short_name: PSA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the licensing and regulation of payment service providers, the oversight of payment systems, and connected matters and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: psa-2025
type: statute
title: Protection from Scams Act 2025
title_en: Protection from Scams Act 2025
short_name: PSA2025
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSA2025
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to protect persons from scams by empowering specified officers to issue restriction orders to banks in Singapore prohibiting certain bank transactions and the grant and use of credit facilities temporarily.


id: psga-2018
type: statute
title: Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018
title_en: Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018
short_name: PSGA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSGA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for a consistent governance framework across public bodies in Singapore and to support a whole‑of‑government approach to the delivery of services in the Singapore public sector.


id: psia-2007
type: statute
title: Private Security Industry Act 2007
title_en: Private Security Industry Act 2007
short_name: PSIA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSIA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation of private investigators, private investigation agencies, security officers, security agencies and security service providers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: psmvcnaaa-1988
type: statute
title: Public Service (Monthly Variable Component and Non-pensionable Annual Allowance) Act 1988
title_en: Public Service (Monthly Variable Component and Non-pensionable Annual Allowance) Act 1988
short_name: PSMVCNAAA1988
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSMVCNAAA1988
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to enable annual wage increases and the non-pensionable annual allowance payable to the public service to be varied.


id: pspmpmltfpfa-2019
type: statute
short_name: PSPMPMLTFPFA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSPMPMLTFPFA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
title:
Precious Stones and Precious Metals (Prevention of Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and Proliferation Financing) Act 2019

title_en:
Precious Stones and Precious Metals (Prevention of Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and Proliferation Financing) Act 2019

description:
An Act to regulate persons who carry on a business of regulated dealing or as intermediaries for regulated dealing, so as to prevent money laundering, terrorism financing and the financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. [Act 6 of 2024 wef 01/05/2024]


id: pssca-1956
type: statute
title: Public Service (Service Commissions) Act 1956
title_en: Public Service (Service Commissions) Act 1956
short_name: PSSCA1956
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSSCA1956
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the punishment of offences in connection with the exercise of the functions of the Public Service Commission, the Judicial Service Commission and the Legal Service Commission, for the protection of the members of these Commissions, and for matters connected therewith. [Act 33 of 2021 wef 14/01/2022]


id: pssfna-2002
type: statute
title: Payment and Settlement Systems (Finality and Netting) Act 2002
title_en: Payment and Settlement Systems (Finality and Netting) Act 2002
short_name: PSSFNA2002
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSSFNA2002
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the protection of payment and settlement systems from disruptions that may lead to risks to the financial system and for purposes connected therewith.


id: pta-1960
type: statute
title: Property Tax Act 1960
title_en: Property Tax Act 1960
short_name: PTA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PTA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the levy of a tax on immovable properties and to regulate the collection thereof.


id: pta-1965
type: statute
title: Payroll Tax Act 1965
title_en: Payroll Tax Act 1965
short_name: PTA1965
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PTA1965
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision with respect to payroll tax and to tax forms and to provide for matters connected therewith and ancillary thereto.


id: pta-2005
type: statute
title: Parks and Trees Act 2005
title_en: Parks and Trees Act 2005
short_name: PTA2005
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PTA2005
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the planting, maintenance and conservation of trees and plants within national parks, nature reserves, tree conservation areas, heritage road green buffers and other specified areas, and for matters connected therewith.


id: ptca-1987
type: statute
title: Public Transport Council Act 1987
title_en: Public Transport Council Act 1987
short_name: PTCA1987
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PTCA1987
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment of the Public Transport Council to provide for the licensing of ticket payment services, to regulate bus fares, street‑hail fares, ride‑hail fares and train fares and for matters connected therewith. [31/2015; 20/2019]


id: pwa-2024
type: statute
title: Platform Workers Act 2024
title_en: Platform Workers Act 2024
short_name: PWA2024
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PWA2024
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the rights and obligations of platform operators and platform workers, to register and recognise platform work associations and provide for matters connected therewith, to amend certain Acts to provide for the rights, obligations, protections and representation of platform workers and platform operators under those Acts, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: rbda-2021
type: statute
title: Registration of Births and Deaths Act 2021
title_en: Registration of Births and Deaths Act 2021
short_name: RBDA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RBDA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for registration of births, deaths and stillbirths, to repeal the Registration of Births and Deaths Act (Chapter 267 of the 1985 Revised Edition) and to make consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: recjra-2019
type: statute
title: Reciprocal Enforcement of Commonwealth Judgments (Repeal) Act 2019
title_en: Reciprocal Enforcement of Commonwealth Judgments (Repeal) Act 2019
short_name: RECJRA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RECJRA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to repeal the Reciprocal Enforcement of Commonwealth Judgments Act (Chapter 264 of the 1985 Revised Edition) and to make consequential amendments to certain other Acts.


id: refja-1959
type: statute
title: Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959
title_en: Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959
short_name: REFJA1959
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/REFJA1959
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the enforcement in Singapore of judgments and awards given in foreign countries which afford reciprocal treatment to judgments given in Singapore, for facilitating the enforcement in foreign countries of judgments given in Singapore and for matters connected therewith.


id: rela-1983
type: statute
title: Revised Edition of the Laws Act 1983
title_en: Revised Edition of the Laws Act 1983
short_name: RELA1983
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RELA1983
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the preparation and publication of a revised edition of the laws of Singapore, for subsequent revisions thereof and for matters connected therewith. [4/2021]


id: rfo-1948
type: statute
title: Redemptorist Fathers Ordinance 1948
title_en: Redemptorist Fathers Ordinance 1948
short_name: RFO1948
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RFO1948
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the Titular Superior of the Redemptorist Fathers in the Colony of Singapore.


id: riea-1995
type: statute
title: Regulation of Imports and Exports Act 1995
title_en: Regulation of Imports and Exports Act 1995
short_name: RIEA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RIEA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the regulation, registration and control of imports and exports and to make provisions for matters connected therewith.


id: rpa-1976
type: statute
title: Residential Property Act 1976
title_en: Residential Property Act 1976
short_name: RPA1976
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RPA1976
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to restrict the purchase or transfer of residential properties (including vacant land) to citizens of Singapore and approved purchasers, and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: rpa-2002
type: statute
title: Republic Polytechnic Act 2002
title_en: Republic Polytechnic Act 2002
short_name: RPA2002
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RPA2002
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Republic Polytechnic, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: rpa-2007
type: statute
title: Radiation Protection Act 2007
title_en: Radiation Protection Act 2007
short_name: RPA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RPA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to control and regulate the import, export, manufacture, sale, disposal, transport, storage, possession and use of radioactive materials and irradiating apparatus, to make provision in relation to the non‑proliferation of nuclear weapons, to establish a system for the imposition and maintenance of nuclear safeguards, and to implement the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, and to provide for matters connected therewith. [20/2014]


id: rra-1985
type: statute
title: Requisition of Resources Act 1985
title_en: Requisition of Resources Act 1985
short_name: RRA1985
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RRA1985
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the requisition of resources for defence and other purposes; and to provide for the payment of compensation in respect of the exercise of the powers conferred by this Act and for matters connected therewith.


id: rra-1993
type: statute
title: Retirement and Re-employment Act 1993
title_en: Retirement and Re-employment Act 1993
short_name: RRA1993
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RRA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for a minimum retirement age for employees, for the re‑employment of employees and for matters connected therewith.


id: rsa-2019
type: statute
title: Resource Sustainability Act 2019
title_en: Resource Sustainability Act 2019
short_name: RSA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RSA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to impose obligations relating to the collection and treatment of electrical and electronic waste and food waste, to require reporting of packaging imported into or used in Singapore, to regulate persons operating producer responsibility schemes, and to promote resource sustainability.


id: rsia-1965
type: statute
title: Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965
title_en: Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965
short_name: RSIA1965
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RSIA1965
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the Government of Singapore consequent on her becoming an independent and sovereign republic separate from and independent of Malaysia.


id: rta-1961
type: statute
title: Road Traffic Act 1961
title_en: Road Traffic Act 1961
short_name: RTA1961
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RTA1961
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the regulation of road traffic and the use of vehicles and the user of roads and for other purposes connected therewith. [4/2006; 10/2017]


id: rtsa-1995
type: statute
title: Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995
title_en: Rapid Transit Systems Act 1995
short_name: RTSA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RTSA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the planning, construction, operation and maintenance of rapid transit systems and the control of entities providing essential transport services and their equity interest holders. [Act 20 of 2024 wef 01/04/2025]


id: rvspa-1960
type: statute
title: Road Vehicles (Special Powers) Act 1960
title_en: Road Vehicles (Special Powers) Act 1960
short_name: RVSPA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RVSPA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give power to restrict the use of, stop and search road vehicles and to provide for the seizure and forfeiture of road vehicles and articles found therein in certain circumstances and matters incidental thereto.


id: sa-2024
type: statute
title: Supply Act 2024
title_en: Supply Act 2024
short_name: SA2024
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SA2024
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the issue from the Consolidated Fund and the Development Fund of the sums necessary to meet the estimated expenditure for the financial year 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025.


id: sa-2025
type: statute
title: Supply Act 2025
title_en: Supply Act 2025
short_name: SA2025
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SA2025
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the issue from the Consolidated Fund and the Development Fund of the sums necessary to meet the estimated expenditure for the financial year 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026.


id: safa-1972
type: statute
title: Singapore Armed Forces Act 1972
title_en: Singapore Armed Forces Act 1972
short_name: SAFA1972
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SAFA1972
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the raising, maintenance and discipline of the Singapore Armed Forces and for matters connected therewith.


id: sao-1939
type: statute
title: Salvation Army Ordinance 1939
title_en: Salvation Army Ordinance 1939
short_name: SAO1939
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SAO1939
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to incorporate the General of the Salvation Army as a corporation sole having perpetual succession and to vest the property of the Salvation Army in the Straits Settlements in such corporation.


id: sbfa-2001
type: statute
title: Singapore Business Federation Act 2001
title_en: Singapore Business Federation Act 2001
short_name: SBFA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SBFA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for membership of certain local and foreign companies in the Singapore Business Federation and for certain matters relating to the management and operation thereof.


id: sbia-1990
type: statute
title: School Boards (Incorporation) Act 1990
title_en: School Boards (Incorporation) Act 1990
short_name: SBIA1990
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SBIA1990
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provisions for the incorporation of governing boards for the purpose of conducting Government schools and aided schools and for matters connected therewith.


id: sca-1970
type: statute
title: State Courts Act 1970
title_en: State Courts Act 1970
short_name: SCA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act relating to the constitution, jurisdiction and powers of the State Courts and the administration of justice therein. [5/2014]


id: sca-2007
type: statute
title: Spam Control Act 2007
title_en: Spam Control Act 2007
short_name: SCA
status: in_force
issued_date: 2007-06-01
in_force_date: 2007-06-01
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the control of spam, which is unsolicited commercial communications sent in bulk by email or by text or multimedia messaging to mobile telephone numbers, and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: scarta-2013
type: statute
title: Status of Children (Assisted Reproduction Technology) Act 2013
title_en: Status of Children (Assisted Reproduction Technology) Act 2013
short_name: SCARTA2013
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCARTA2013
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act relating to the legal status of children conceived and born through assisted reproduction technology and for matters connected therewith.


id: scccfa-1989
type: statute
title: Statutory Corporations (Contributions to Consolidated Fund) Act 1989
title_en: Statutory Corporations (Contributions to Consolidated Fund) Act 1989
short_name: SCCCFA1989
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCCCFA1989
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the payment into the Consolidated Fund of moneys from the funds of certain statutory corporations.


id: scma-2020
type: statute
title: Singapore Convention on Mediation Act 2020
title_en: Singapore Convention on Mediation Act 2020
short_name: SCMA2020
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCMA2020
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, also known as the Singapore Convention on Mediation, opened for signature on 7 August 2019 in Singapore.


id: scpa-1979
type: statute
title: Sale of Commercial Properties Act 1979
title_en: Sale of Commercial Properties Act 1979
short_name: SCPA1979
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCPA1979
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to regulate the sales of separate units of commercial properties in a commercial complex and for purposes connected therewith.


id: screa-1975
type: statute
title: Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises Act 1975
title_en: Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises Act 1975
short_name: SCREA1975
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCREA1975
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish the Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises and for matters connected therewith.


id: scta-1984
type: statute
title: Small Claims Tribunals Act 1984
title_en: Small Claims Tribunals Act 1984
short_name: SCTA1984
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SCTA1984
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision for the establishment, jurisdiction and powers of Small Claims Tribunals and the appointment, powers and duties of tribunal magistrates in such tribunals and the administration of justice therein. [33/2018]


id: sda-1999
type: statute
title: Sewerage and Drainage Act 1999
title_en: Sewerage and Drainage Act 1999
short_name: SDA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SDA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for and regulate the construction, maintenance, improvement, operation and use of sewerage and land drainage systems, to regulate the discharge of sewage and trade effluent and for matters connected therewith. [10/2012]


id: sdla-1979
type: statute
title: Skills Development Levy Act 1979
title_en: Skills Development Levy Act 1979
short_name: SDLA1979
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SDLA1979
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to impose a skills development levy on employers and for the establishment of a Skills Development Fund and for purposes connected therewith.


id: seaba-2003
type: statute
title: Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board Act 2003
title_en: Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board Act 2003
short_name: SEABA2003
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SEABA2003
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board, to provide for its functions, duties and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: sfa-1973
type: statute
title: Sale of Food Act 1973
title_en: Sale of Food Act 1973
short_name: SFA1973
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SFA1973
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for regulating food to ensure that food for sale is safe and suitable for human consumption and to promote public health, for ensuring the provision of information relating to food to enable consumers to make informed choices and for preventing misleading conduct in connection with the sale of food. [48/2017]


id: sfa-2001
type: statute
title: Securities and Futures Act 2001
title_en: Securities and Futures Act 2001
short_name: SFA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SFA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act relating to the regulation of activities and institutions in the securities and derivatives industry, including leveraged foreign exchange trading, of financial benchmarks and of clearing facilities, and for matters connected therewith. [34/2012; 4/2017]


id: sga-1982
type: statute
title: Supply of Goods Act 1982
title_en: Supply of Goods Act 1982
short_name: SGA1982
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SGA1982
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to amend the law with respect to the terms to be implied in certain contracts for the transfer of the property in goods and in certain contracts for the hire of goods and for connected purposes.


id: sgca-2002
type: statute
title: Strategic Goods (Control) Act 2002
title_en: Strategic Goods (Control) Act 2002
short_name: SGCA2002
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SGCA2002
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to control the transfer and brokering of strategic goods, strategic goods technology, goods and technology capable of being used to develop, produce, operate, stockpile or acquire weapons capable of causing mass destruction, and missiles capable of delivering such weapons; and for purposes connected therewith.


id: sgda-2007
type: statute
title: Secondhand Goods Dealers Act 2007
title_en: Secondhand Goods Dealers Act 2007
short_name: SGDA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SGDA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the licensing and control of dealers in secondhand goods and for matters connected therewith.


id: sgqa-1970
type: statute
title: Sand and Granite Quarries Act 1970
title_en: Sand and Granite Quarries Act 1970
short_name: SGQA1970
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SGQA1970
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the licensing and control of sand and granite quarries and for matters incidental thereto.


id: sgunca-1995
type: statute
title: Sale of Goods (United Nations Convention) Act 1995
title_en: Sale of Goods (United Nations Convention) Act 1995
short_name: SGUNCA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SGUNCA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to give effect to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods concluded at Vienna on 11 April 1980.


id: sia-1979
type: statute
title: State Immunity Act 1979
title_en: State Immunity Act 1979
short_name: SIA1979
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SIA1979
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make provision with respect to proceedings in Singapore by or against other States, and for purposes connected therewith.


id: sigla-2021
type: statute
title: Significant Infrastructure Government Loan Act 2021
title_en: Significant Infrastructure Government Loan Act 2021
short_name: SIGLA2021
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SIGLA2021
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to authorise loans to be raised by the Government for the purposes of the Development Fund in relation to nationally significant infrastructure.


id: sira-2024
type: statute
title: Significant Investments Review Act 2024
title_en: Significant Investments Review Act 2024
short_name: SIRA2024
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SIRA2024
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to protect the national security interests of Singapore by regulating significant investments in, and control of, critical entities.


id: sita-2014
type: statute
title: Singapore Institute of Technology Act 2014
title_en: Singapore Institute of Technology Act 2014
short_name: SITA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SITA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for certain matters relating to the operation of a university known as the Singapore Institute of Technology.


id: sla-1963
type: statute
title: Service Lands Act 1963
title_en: Service Lands Act 1963
short_name: SLA1963
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SLA1963
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the ejectment of persons unlawfully occupying any land used or to be used for the purposes of any Malaysian forces.


id: slaa-2001
type: statute
title: Singapore Land Authority Act 2001
title_en: Singapore Land Authority Act 2001
short_name: SLAA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SLAA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Singapore Land Authority, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith.


id: slpa-2022
type: statute
title: State Lands Protection Act 2022
title_en: State Lands Protection Act 2022
short_name: SLPA2022
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SLPA2022
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the protection of State lands generally, to repeal the State Lands Encroachments Act 1883 and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: smua-2000
type: statute
title: Singapore Management University Act 2000
title_en: Singapore Management University Act 2000
short_name: SMUA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SMUA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for certain matters relating to the operation of a university known as the Singapore Management University.


id: smvsa-2020
type: statute
title: Small Motorised Vehicles (Safety) Act 2020
title_en: Small Motorised Vehicles (Safety) Act 2020
short_name: SMVSA2020
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SMVSA2020
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to control the import of motorised personal mobility devices, power‑assisted bicycles and other similar motorised vehicles, and to make related amendments to certain other land transport Acts regarding the payment of moneys into the Consolidated Fund.


id: spcpa-1992
type: statute
title: Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act 1992
title_en: Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act 1992
short_name: SPCPA1992
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SPCPA1992
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to prohibit smoking in specified places and vehicles, and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: srto-1918
type: statute
title: Singapore Railway Transfer Ordinance 1918
title_en: Singapore Railway Transfer Ordinance 1918
short_name: SRTO1918
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SRTO1918
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Ordinance to vest in the Chief Secretary, Federation of Malaya, the Railway known as the Singapore Railway and to provide for the passage of railway traffic over the Johore Straits.


id: ssfy2024a-2025
type: statute
title: Supplementary Supply (FY 2024) Act 2025
title_en: Supplementary Supply (FY 2024) Act 2025
short_name: SSFY2024A2025
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SSFY2024A2025
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to make supplementary provision to meet additional expenditure for the financial year 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025.


id: ssjtwaa-1928
type: statute
title: Straits Settlements and Johore Territorial Waters (Agreement) Act 1928
title_en: Straits Settlements and Johore Territorial Waters (Agreement) Act 1928
short_name: SSJTWAA1928
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SSJTWAA1928
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to approve an Agreement concluded between His Majesty and the Sultan of the State and Territory of Johore.


id: sssa-2015
type: statute
title: Silver Support Scheme Act 2015
title_en: Silver Support Scheme Act 2015
short_name: SSSA2015
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SSSA2015
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for a social security scheme called the Silver Support Scheme and for related matters.


id: stba-1963
type: statute
title: Singapore Tourism Board Act 1963
title_en: Singapore Tourism Board Act 1963
short_name: STBA1963
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/STBA1963
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act for the establishment of the Singapore Tourism Board and of the Tourism Fund, for the regulation of tourist guides and for matters connected therewith. [7/2014]


id: stba-1987
type: statute
title: Singapore Totalisator Board Act 1987
title_en: Singapore Totalisator Board Act 1987
short_name: STBA1987
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/STBA1987
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment of the Singapore Totalisator Board and for matters connected therewith. [Act 14 of 2022 wef 01/08/2022]


id: sussa-2017
type: statute
title: Singapore University of Social Sciences Act 2017
title_en: Singapore University of Social Sciences Act 2017
short_name: SUSSA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SUSSA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for certain matters relating to the operation of a university known as the Singapore University of Social Sciences.


id: sutda-2011
type: statute
title: Singapore University of Technology and Design Act 2011
title_en: Singapore University of Technology and Design Act 2011
short_name: SUTDA2011
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SUTDA2011
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for certain matters relating to the operation of a university known as the Singapore University of Technology and Design.


id: swa-1995
type: statute
title: Street Works Act 1995
title_en: Street Works Act 1995
short_name: SWA1995
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SWA1995
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act relating to the construction, improvement, repair, maintenance and management of streets and backlanes and other matters connected therewith, and the prevention of obstruction of five-footways and private footways. [11/2003]


id: ta-1999
type: statute
title: Telecommunications Act 1999
title_en: Telecommunications Act 1999
short_name: TA
status: in_force
issued_date: 1999-10-01
in_force_date: 1999-12-01
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:15
description:
An Act to provide for the operation and provision of telecommunication systems and services in Singapore, and for matters connected therewith.


id: taa-1975
type: statute
title: Travel Agents Act 1975
title_en: Travel Agents Act 1975
short_name: TAA1975
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TAA1975
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act for the licensing of travel agents and for the regulation of their operation and for purposes connected therewith.


id: tca-1971
type: statute
title: Tokyo Convention Act 1971
title_en: Tokyo Convention Act 1971
short_name: TCA1971
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TCA1971
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to give effect to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, and the Protocol to Amend the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Montreal on 4 April 2014, and for purposes connected with the Convention or Protocol. [32/2018]


id: tca-1988
type: statute
title: Town Councils Act 1988
title_en: Town Councils Act 1988
short_name: TCA1988
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TCA1988
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the incorporation of Town Councils to control, manage, maintain and improve the common property of housing estates of the Housing and Development Board, their constitution, functions and for matters incidental thereto.


id: tca-2005
type: statute
title: Trust Companies Act 2005
title_en: Trust Companies Act 2005
short_name: TCA2005
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TCA2005
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the licensing and regulation of trust companies and for matters connected therewith.


id: tcasa-1993
type: statute
title: Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act 1993
title_en: Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act 1993
short_name: TCASA1993
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TCASA1993
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to prohibit advertisements relating to any tobacco product or its use, to control the use of tobacco products by young persons, to control the sale, packaging and trade description of tobacco products and for matters connected therewith.


id: tcmpa-2000
type: statute
title: Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners Act 2000
title_en: Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners Act 2000
short_name: TCMPA2000
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TCMPA2000
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the registration of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and for purposes connected therewith.


id: tda-1941
type: statute
title: Trade Disputes Act 1941
title_en: Trade Disputes Act 1941
short_name: TDA1941
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TDA1941
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to control trade disputes and work disputes and matters arising therefrom. [Act 30 of 2024 wef 01/01/2025]


id: thpa-2014
type: statute
title: Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014
title_en: Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014
short_name: THPA2014
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/THPA2014
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act concerning conduct which causes or contributes to haze pollution in Singapore, and to provide for related matters.


id: tkwsfhtuda-2017
type: statute
title: The Kwong-Wai-Shiu Free Hospital (Transfer of Undertaking and Dissolution) Act 2017
title_en: The Kwong-Wai-Shiu Free Hospital (Transfer of Undertaking and Dissolution) Act 2017
short_name: TKWSFHTUDA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TKWSFHTUDA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the transfer of the assets and liabilities of The Kwong‑Wai‑Shiu Free Hospital to its successor company, and for the consequent dissolution of The Kwong‑Wai‑Shiu Free Hospital and for all matters connected therewith, and to make a consequential amendment to the Income Tax Act (Chapter 134 of the 2014 Revised Edition).


id: tma-1998
type: statute
title: Trade Marks Act 1998
title_en: Trade Marks Act 1998
short_name: TMA1998
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TMA1998
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to establish a new law for trade marks, to enable Singapore to give effect to certain international conventions on intellectual property and for matters connected therewith.


id: tpa-1974
type: statute
title: Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974
title_en: Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974
short_name: TPA1974
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TPA1974
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act relating to termination of pregnancy by authorised medical practitioners and for matters connected therewith.


id: tpa-1990
type: statute
title: Temasek Polytechnic Act 1990
title_en: Temasek Polytechnic Act 1990
short_name: TPA1990
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TPA1990
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act for the establishment and incorporation of a polytechnic to be known as Temasek Polytechnic and for matters connected therewith.


id: tpraia-1930
type: statute
title: Third Parties (Rights Against Insurers) Act 1930
title_en: Third Parties (Rights Against Insurers) Act 1930
short_name: TPRAIA1930
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TPRAIA1930
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to confer on third parties rights against insurers of third‑party risks in the event of the insured becoming insolvent and in certain other events.


id: tsba-2007
type: statute
title: Terrorism (Suppression of Bombings) Act 2007
title_en: Terrorism (Suppression of Bombings) Act 2007
short_name: TSBA2007
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TSBA2007
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to suppress terrorist bombings, to give effect to the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings and for matters connected therewith.


id: tsfa-2002
type: statute
title: Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act 2002
title_en: Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act 2002
short_name: TSFA2002
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TSFA2002
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to suppress the financing of terrorism, to give effect to the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and for matters connected therewith.


id: tsia-2018
type: statute
title: Transport Safety Investigations Act 2018
title_en: Transport Safety Investigations Act 2018
short_name: TSIA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TSIA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for investigation of transport occurrences and other matters affecting transport safety and for related purposes, and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.


id: tsmrma-2017
type: statute
title: Terrorism (Suppression of Misuse of Radioactive Material) Act 2017
title_en: Terrorism (Suppression of Misuse of Radioactive Material) Act 2017
short_name: TSMRMA2017
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TSMRMA2017
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to give effect to the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism and to provide for connected matters.


id: ucta-1977
type: statute
title: Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
title_en: Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
short_name: UCTA1977
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/UCTA1977
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to impose further limits on the extent to which civil liability for breach of contract, or for negligence or other breach of duty, can be avoided by means of contract terms and otherwise.


id: una-2001
type: statute
title: United Nations Act 2001
title_en: United Nations Act 2001
short_name: UNA2001
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/UNA2001
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to enable Singapore to fulfil its obligations respecting Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations.


id: unpa-2011
type: statute
title: United Nations Personnel Act 2011
title_en: United Nations Personnel Act 2011
short_name: UNPA2011
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/UNPA2011
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to give effect to certain provisions of the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel and the Optional Protocol to the Convention, and for matters connected therewith.


id: upa-1967
type: statute
title: Undesirable Publications Act 1967
title_en: Undesirable Publications Act 1967
short_name: UPA1967
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/UPA1967
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to prevent the importation, distribution or reproduction of undesirable publications and for purposes connected therewith.


id: uraa-1989
type: statute
title: Urban Redevelopment Authority Act 1989
title_en: Urban Redevelopment Authority Act 1989
short_name: URAA1989
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/URAA1989
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to give effect to the merger of the existing Urban Redevelopment Authority established under the Urban Redevelopment Authority Act (Chapter 340 of the 1985 Revised Edition) and the Planning Department and the Research and Statistics Unit of the Ministry of National Development by the establishment and incorporation of the new Urban Redevelopment Authority and to provide for matters connected therewith.


id: va-1966
type: statute
title: Vandalism Act 1966
title_en: Vandalism Act 1966
short_name: VA1966
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/VA1966
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for exemplary punishment for acts of vandalism and to make special provisions in regard to certain offences relating to public property.


id: vaa-2018
type: statute
title: Vulnerable Adults Act 2018
title_en: Vulnerable Adults Act 2018
short_name: VAA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/VAA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to make provision for the safeguarding of vulnerable adults from abuse, neglect or self‑neglect, and to provide for matters connected with that.


id: vca-1967
type: statute
title: Vigilante Corps Act 1967
title_en: Vigilante Corps Act 1967
short_name: VCA1967
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/VCA1967
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the establishment and maintenance of the Vigilante Corps and for purposes connected therewith.


id: vcca-2018
type: statute
title: Variable Capital Companies Act 2018
title_en: Variable Capital Companies Act 2018
short_name: VCCA2018
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/VCCA2018
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the incorporation, operation and regulation of bodies corporate to be known as variable capital companies and to provide for related matters.


id: vfa-1960
type: statute
title: Visiting Forces Act 1960
title_en: Visiting Forces Act 1960
short_name: VFA1960
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/VFA1960
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for the naval, military and air forces of certain other countries visiting Singapore, and for the apprehension and disposal of deserters or absentees without leave in Singapore from the forces of such countries and for matters connected therewith.


id: vsa-1974
type: statute
title: Voluntary Sterilisation Act 1974
title_en: Voluntary Sterilisation Act 1974
short_name: VSA1974
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/VSA1974
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act relating to treatment for voluntary sexual sterilisation by registered medical practitioners and for matters connected therewith.


id: wa-1965
type: statute
title: Wildlife Act 1965
title_en: Wildlife Act 1965
short_name: WA1965
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WA1965
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act for the protection, preservation and management of wildlife for the purposes of maintaining a healthy ecosystem and safeguarding public safety and health, and for related matters. [18/2020]


id: wc-1961
type: statute
title: Women’s Charter 1961
title_en: Women’s Charter 1961
short_name: WC1961
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WC1961
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to provide for monogamous marriages and for the solemnisation and registration of such marriages; to amend and consolidate the law relating to divorce, the rights and duties of married persons, the protection of family, the maintenance of wives, incapacitated husbands and children and the punishment of offences against women and girls; and to provide for matters incidental thereto. [7/2016]


id: wica-2019
type: statute
title: Work Injury Compensation Act 2019
title_en: Work Injury Compensation Act 2019
short_name: WICA2019
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WICA2019
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to repeal and re‑enact with amendments the Work Injury Compensation Act (Chapter 354, 2009 Revised Edition) to provide for the payment of compensation to employees for injury suffered arising out of and in the course of their employment and to platform workers for injury suffered arising out of and in the course of their provision of platform services for platform operators, and to regulate providers of insurance for liability under the Act. [Act 30 of 2024 wef 15/10/2024]


id: wmfa-1999
type: statute
title: Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999
title_en: Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999
short_name: WMFA1999
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WMFA1999
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to regulate the slaughtering of animals and the processing, packing, inspection, import, distribution, sale, transhipment and export of meat products and fish products and for matters connected therewith.


id: wsaa-2003
type: statute
title: Workforce Singapore Agency Act 2003
title_en: Workforce Singapore Agency Act 2003
short_name: WSAA2003
status: in_force
url: https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WSAA2003
last_updated: 2026-02-25 21:09:16
description:
An Act to establish and incorporate the Workforce Singapore Agency, to provide for its functions and powers, and for matters connected therewith. [20/2016]


# legal_provisions

document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s2
section: 2
title: Definition of appraiser
content:
2. Every person who values or appraises any estate or immovable property, lands, tenements or hereditaments, or any interest in possession or reversion, remainder or contingency in any estate or immovable property, for or on expectation of any hire, gain, fee or reward or valuable consideration to be paid to the person therefor, is deemed to carry on the business of an appraiser, and is an appraiser within the meaning of this Act. [4/2021] 3. [ Repealed by Act 25 of 2010 ]


document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s4
section: 4
title: Appraisers to be licensed
content:
4. Every appraiser must take out a licence in Form A in the Schedule. [7/2005] 5. [ Repealed by Act 25 of 2010 ]


document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s6
section: 6
title: Power to grant licences
content:
6. —(1) The Comptroller of Property Tax is empowered to grant licences under the provisions of this Act. (2) Every licence granted under this Act must be granted under the hand of the Comptroller of Property Tax. (3) The issue of any licence must be notified as soon as possible in the Gazette . (4) On every such licence there must be paid in money by the person taking out or renewing the licence to the Comptroller of Property Tax such fee as may be prescribed by the Minister in respect of the class of licence to which the licence belongs. (5) No licence may be granted or renewed under this Act until the fee has first been paid. (6) The Minister may prescribe such fees as are referred to in subsection (4) by order in the Gazette and may prescribe different fees for different classes of licences.


document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s7
section: 7
title: Licences
content:
7. —(1) Every licence to be taken out under the authority of this Act must state — ( a ) the true name and place of abode of the person taking it out; ( b ) the true date or time of granting the licence; and ( c ) the principal place of business at which the trade or business for which the licence is granted is to be carried on. [4/2021] (2) Every licence expires on 31 December and must be renewed annually at least 10 days before the expiry of the licence. (3) Any person who — ( a ) having had such a licence continues to carry on the trade or business for which the licence was granted in the year next ensuing its expiry and omits to renew it; and ( b ) carries on a trade or business required by this Act to be licensed without taking out a licence, shall, except as provided in this Act, each be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000. 8. [ Repealed by Act 4 of 2021 ] 9. [ Repealed by Act 4 of 2021 ]


document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s10
section: 10
title: Refusal and cancellation of licences
content:
10. The Comptroller of Property Tax may refuse any application for a licence or to renew any licence, and may cancel the licence of any person who has been convicted of any offence under this Act or who has failed to account for or pay over any money or property which has come into his or her possession or control as a licensed person.


document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s11
section: 11
title: Evidence of misconduct
content:
11. The judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction whether civil or criminal, having the effect of finding that any licensed person — ( a ) is liable or responsible for any money or property come into his or her possession or control as a licensed person under circumstances amounting to a breach of trust or duty; or ( b ) has paid or agreed to pay to his or her employer any part of his or her charges or expenses by way of return commission when the employer is a person accountable to any other person for the proceeds of the sale, is a ground for the cancellation of his or her licence. [25/2010]


document_id: aa-1906
provision_ref: s13
section: 13
title: Power to make regulations
content:
13. The Minister may make regulations necessary for or convenient to carrying out the provisions of this Act. [25/2010]


document_id: aa-1928
provision_ref: s2
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. In this Act — “annuities” includes salaries and pensions; “dividends” includes (besides dividends strictly so called) all payments made by the name of dividend, bonus or otherwise out of the revenue of trading or other public companies, divisible between all or any of the members of the respective companies, whether the payments are usually made or declared at any fixed times or otherwise; and all that divisible revenue shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to have accrued by equal daily increment during and within the period for or in respect of which the payment of the same revenue is declared or expressed to be made, but does not include payments in the nature of a return or reimbursement of capital; “rents” includes all periodical payments or renderings in lieu of or in the nature of rent.


document_id: aa-1928
provision_ref: s3
section: 3
title: Rents, etc., to accrue from day to day
content:
3. All rents, annuities, dividends and other periodical payments in the nature of income (whether reserved or made payable under an instrument in writing or otherwise) shall, like interest on money lent, be considered as accruing from day to day, and shall be apportionable in respect of time accordingly.


document_id: aa-1928
provision_ref: s4
section: 4
title: Apportioned part of rent, etc., to be payable when next entire portion due
content:
4. The apportioned part of any such rent, annuity, dividend or other payment shall be payable or recoverable — ( a ) in the case of a continuing rent, annuity, or other such payment, when the entire portion of which such apportioned part forms part becomes due and payable, and not before; and ( b ) in the case of a rent, annuity, or other such payment determined by re-entry, death, or otherwise, when the next entire portion of the same would have been payable if the same had not so determined, and not before.


document_id: aa-1928
provision_ref: s5
section: 5
title: Remedies for recovering apportioned parts
content:
5. —(1) All persons and their respective executors, administrators and assigns, and also the executors, administrators and assigns respectively of persons whose interests determine with their own deaths, shall have such or the same remedies for recovering such apportioned parts as aforesaid when payable (allowing proportionate parts of all just allowances) as they respectively would have had for recovering the entire portions as aforesaid if entitled thereto, respectively. (2) Persons liable to pay rents reserved out of or charged on lands or tenements, and the same lands or tenements, shall not be resorted to for any such apportioned part forming part of an entire or continuing rent as aforesaid specifically, but the entire or continuing rent, including such apportioned part, shall be recovered and received by the person who, if the rent had not been apportionable under this Act or otherwise, would have been entitled to the entire or continuing rent, and the apportioned part shall be recoverable from such person by the executors or other parties entitled under this Act to the same by suit.


document_id: aa-1928
provision_ref: s6
section: 6
title: Exclusion of policies of assurance
content:
6. Nothing in this Act shall render apportionable any annual sums made payable in policies of assurance of any description.


document_id: aa-1928
provision_ref: s7
section: 7
title: Exclusion by express stipulation
content:
7. This Act shall not extend to any case in which it is expressly stipulated that no apportionment shall take place.


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “public authority” means the President, the Government, any statutory authority exercising powers vested in it by any written law, any tribunal other than the Supreme Court and the subordinate courts, or any officer or authority appointed by or acting on behalf of any of the aforesaid; “public funds” means any moneys, bonds, debentures or securities, received from individuals, corporations or bodies by way of loans, trusts or any other voluntary payments, which are intended to be disbursed or are in fact disbursed for the benefit of the citizens of Singapore or any part of them, and includes any public moneys. (2) Unless the context otherwise requires or it is otherwise expressly provided, any word or expression in this Act that is defined in the Financial Procedure Act 1966 has the meaning given to it by that Act.


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 3
title: Duties of Auditor‑General
content:
3. —(1) The accounts of all departments and offices of the Government (including the office of the Public Service Commission) and the accounts of the Supreme Court, all subordinate courts and Parliament must be audited and reported on by the Auditor‑General. (2) The Auditor‑General, with subordinate staff, is at all times entitled to have access to all books, records, returns and reports relating to the accounts mentioned in subsection (1). (3) The Auditor‑General must submit his or her report made under subsection (1) to the President, who must cause it to be presented to Parliament. (4) The Auditor‑General must perform such other duties and exercise such other powers in relation to the accounts of the Government and the accounts of other public authorities and other bodies administering public funds as may be prescribed by or under any written law.


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 4
title: Audit of accounts of public authorities and bodies administering public funds
content:
4. —(1) The Auditor‑General must — ( a ) if it is so provided by any written law — audit the accounts of any public authority; and ( b ) if it is not so provided by any written law — with the Minister’s consent if so requested by a public authority or a body administering public funds, audit the accounts of such public authority or body. (2) The fee for any audit under subsection (1) is a charge upon the funds of the public authority or body concerned. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), the fee is, unless otherwise determined under any other written law, to be determined by the Minister. (4) Despite any written law relating to the accounts and audit of any public authority, the Minister may, if the Minister is satisfied that the public interest so requires, direct that the accounts of the authority must be audited by the Auditor‑General. (5) No fee is payable for an audit directed in accordance with subsection (4).


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s4A
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 4A
title: Follow-the-dollar audits
content:
4A. —(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Auditor‑General may audit and report on an individual or a person in relation to — ( a ) the giving by any public authority, the Supreme Court, any subordinate court or Parliament of — (i) a grant, a subsidy, an advance of money or a loan, a guarantee for the performance of an obligation or an indemnity; or (ii) financial assistance as a result of the taking of an interest in any property or person; ( b ) a supply of any goods or services (or both) under an agreement to which any public authority, the Supreme Court, any subordinate court or Parliament is party, or under a relevant subcontract relating to the public authority, Supreme Court, subordinate court or Parliament; or ( c ) the collection or disbursement of money for or on behalf of any public authority, the Supreme Court, any subordinate court or Parliament. [42/2017] (2) An audit under this section must be limited to whether the terms and conditions applicable in respect of any of the following have been complied with: ( a ) the receipt by an individual or person of a grant, a subsidy, an advance of money or a loan, a guarantee, an indemnity or financial assistance mentioned in subsection (1)( a ); ( b ) a supply by an individual or person of goods or services (or both) mentioned in subsection (1)( b ); ( c ) the collection or disbursement of money mentioned in subsection (1)( c ) by an individual or person. [42/2017] (3) An audit under this section may be undertaken by the Auditor‑General only if the Minister, where satisfied that it is in the public interest that an audit under this section ought to be undertaken, directs the Auditor‑General to undertake the audit. [42/2017] (4) For the purpose of subsection (1)( b ), a contract is a relevant subcontract in relation to a public authority, the Supreme Court, any subordinate court or Parliament if the performance of the contract fulfils, or contributes to the fulfilment of, an obligation to supply any goods or services (or both) to the public authority, Supreme Court, subordinate court or Parliament (as the case may be) in another contract. [42/2017]


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 5
title: Nature of audit
content:
5. —(1) The Auditor‑General must in his or her audit make any examination that he or she considers necessary to ascertain whether all reasonable steps have been taken — ( a ) to safeguard the collection and custody of public moneys or other moneys subject to the Auditor‑General’s audit; ( b ) to ensure that issues and payments of moneys subject to the Auditor‑General’s audit were made in accordance with proper authority and payments were properly chargeable and are supported by sufficient vouchers or proof of payment; and ( c ) to ensure that the provisions of the Constitution and of the Financial Procedure Act 1966 and any other written law relating to moneys or stores subject to the Auditor‑General’s audit have been in all respects complied with. [42/2017] (2) Without affecting subsection (1), in an audit under section 4A of an individual or a person, the Auditor‑General must in his or her audit make any examination that he or she considers necessary to ascertain whether all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that the terms and conditions applicable in respect of any of the following have been complied with: ( a ) the receipt by the individual or person of a grant, a subsidy, an advance of money or a loan, a guarantee, an indemnity or financial assistance, as mentioned in section 4A(1)( a ); ( b ) a supply by the individual or person of any goods or services (or both) under an agreement or a relevant subcontract mentioned in section 4A(1)( b ); ( c ) a collection or disbursement of money mentioned in section 4A(1)( c ) by the individual or person. [42/2017]


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 6
title: Powers of Auditor‑General
content:
6. —(1) In performing his or her functions under the Constitution or this Act, the Auditor‑General — ( a ) may call upon any person for any explanation and information which the Auditor‑General may require in order to enable the Auditor‑General to discharge his or her duties; ( b ) may enter and remain on, and search for and copy or take extracts from any book, document or record in, any premises — (i) occupied by any public authority, the Supreme Court, any subordinate court or Parliament; (ii) occupied by any individual or person subject to an audit under section 4A; or (iii) occupied by the other person in subsection (3)( b ) with whom an individual or a person or body mentioned in sub‑paragraph (i) or (ii) has an arrangement to have possession or custody of any record, information or document belonging to that individual, person or body, as the case may be; ( c ) has access to all records, books, vouchers, documents, cash, stamps, securities, stores or other property subject to the Auditor‑General’s audit; ( d ) may seize any equipment, record, information, document or other thing in any premises mentioned in paragraph ( b ) if — (i) a notice under subsection (2)( a ) has been given in respect of the record, information or document and the period mentioned in that notice has expired; or (ii) the Auditor‑General considers it necessary to do so for the purpose of obtaining evidence of the contravention of any written law; ( e ) may examine upon oath or affirmation (which oath or affirmation the Auditor‑General is empowered to administer) any person whom the Auditor‑General may think fit to examine respecting all matters and things whatever necessary for the due performance of such functions; ( f ) may authorise any public officer or any other person on the Auditor‑General’s behalf to conduct any inquiry, examination or audit and to report thereon to the Auditor‑General; and ( g ) may obtain the Attorney‑General’s advice upon any question of law. [42/2017] (2) The power under subsection (1)( a ) to call upon any person for any explanation and information includes the power — ( a ) to require a person by written notice to produce, within a reasonable time, specified records, information or documents, or records, information or documents of a specified kind, which are within the custody or under the control of that person; ( b ) to require that person to provide an explanation of the record, information or document mentioned in paragraph ( a ); ( c ) if the record, information or document is not provided, to require that person to state, to the best of the person’s knowledge and belief, where it is; and ( d ) if the information is recorded otherwise than in legible form, to require the information to be made available to the Auditor‑General in legible form. [42/2017] (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a person or body is taken to have “control” of any record, information or document if — ( a ) the person has possession of the record, information or document; or ( b ) the person has the record, information or document in the possession or custody of some other person. [42/2017] (4) Without limiting subsection (1)( b ), the Auditor‑General may, while in any premises mentioned in that subsection — ( a ) inspect, examine, photograph or film anything in the premises mentioned in subsection (1)( b ); ( b ) take into the premises any individual, equipment or material that the Auditor‑General reasonably requires to discharge the Auditor‑General’s duties; and ( c ) require any person in those premises to give to the Auditor‑General reasonable assistance in relation to the exercise of any of the Auditor‑General’s powers under this section. [42/2017] (5) The Auditor‑General is entitled, without payment, to — ( a ) enter and remain on any premises mentioned in subsection (1)( b ); and ( b ) search for any record, information or document, and keep any record, information or document, or any copy or extract of it, furnished to the Auditor‑General under subsection (1) or (2) or obtained under subsection (1)( d ). [42/2017] (6) Any of the powers conferred by this section upon the Auditor‑General may be exercised by any public officer authorised in writing in this behalf by the Auditor‑General or by any other person so authorised. (7) Any person who is required by the Auditor‑General, or a person or public officer authorised under subsection (6), to provide any explanation or information, produce any record, information or document or answer any question must provide the explanation or information, produce the record, information or document or answer the question, as the case may be. [42/2017]


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s6A
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 6A
title: Self-incrimination
content:
6A. —(1) An individual cannot rely on — ( a ) the common law privilege against self‑incrimination or exposure to the imposition of a penalty; or ( b ) any rule of law relating to legal professional privilege or any other privilege, or the public interest, to refuse to provide the explanation or information, produce the record or document or answer the question, required under section 6 by the Auditor‑General or an authorised person or public officer, as the case may be. [42/2017] (2) However — ( a ) any information, document or thing obtained, directly or indirectly, because of the giving of the explanation or information; or ( b ) the fact of the production of the record or document or the answer to a question, is not admissible in evidence against the individual in any civil or criminal proceeding other than a proceeding for an offence under section 177 of the Penal Code 1871 or an offence relating to the falsity of the answer, if the explanation, information or answer, or the fact of the production of the record or document, might in fact tend to incriminate the individual. [42/2017] (3) Disclosure or production of, or access to, information or a record or document under section 6 does not otherwise affect the operation of a rule of law relating to legal professional privilege or other privilege or the public interest in relation to the disclosure of the information or the production of the record or document. [42/2017]


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 7
title: Secrecy
content:
7. —(1) The operation of section 6 is not limited by any provision (including a provision relating to secrecy) contained in any other written law except to the extent to which any such other written law expressly excludes the operation of that section. (2) Despite anything in any other written law and despite the making of an oath or declaration of secrecy, a person shall not be guilty of an offence, or liable to a financial penalty, by reason of anything done by the person for the purposes of section 6. [42/2017] (3) The Auditor‑General or any other person must not divulge or communicate, except, in the course of duty, to another person performing duties under this Act, any information which has come to his or her knowledge, directly or indirectly, in accordance with section 6 in any case in which the person from whom the information was obtained or from whose custody accounts, books, documents or papers from which the information was derived were produced, could not, but for the provisions of this Act, lawfully have divulged that information to the Auditor‑General or such other person. (4) Subsection (3) does not prevent the making, divulging or communicating in any report of the Auditor‑General of conclusions, observations or recommendations which are based on information obtained in accordance with section 6.


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 8
title: Audit reports
content:
8. —(1) The Minister must, as soon as a statement required under section 18 of the Financial Procedure Act 1966 has been prepared, transmit the statement to the Auditor‑General, who must cause the statement to be examined and audited and prepare his or her report thereon. (2) In the event of any such statement not being received within a period of 7 months after the close of the financial year to which it relates, the Auditor‑General must submit a report to that effect to the President, who must cause it to be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after its receipt by him or her. (3) Subject to subsection (4), every report relating to the statement prepared in accordance with subsection (1) must be submitted by the Auditor‑General to the President who must present the report and statement to Parliament within 30 days of their receipt by him or her, or if Parliament is not in session, within 14 days after the commencement of its next sitting. (4) Nothing in subsection (3) requires the presentation to Parliament of any report or statement containing any matter which the Prime Minister and the Minister responsible for defence, on the recommendations of the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Defence and the Chief of Defence Force, certify to be necessary for the defence and security of Singapore. (5) Any certificate under the hands of the Prime Minister and the Minister responsible for defence is conclusive evidence of the matters specified in the certificate. (6) If at any time it appears to the Auditor‑General that any serious irregularities have occurred in the accounting or custody of public moneys or public stores, the Auditor‑General must immediately bring the matter to the notice of the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Finance. (7) The Auditor‑General may, in any report submitted in accordance with this Act or otherwise, make recommendations and may generally comment upon all matters relating to public accounts, public moneys and public stores. (8) Unless it is otherwise required by law or by direction of the Minister, where the Auditor‑General audits the accounts of any other authority or body the Auditor‑General must present the Auditor‑General’s certificate and any report found necessary upon those accounts to the head of that authority or body. (9) Despite this section, the Auditor‑General may, at any time, submit a report to the President upon any matter arising out of the performance of any of the Auditor‑General’s duties or the exercise of any of the Auditor‑General’s powers under this Act or under any other written law.


document_id: aa-1966
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 2 - DUTIES AND POWERS OF AUDITOR‑GENERAL
section: 9
title: Regulations
content:
9. —(1) The Minister may make regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act. (2) All regulations made under this Act must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette .


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “allied professional” means — ( a ) a professional engineer who is registered under the Professional Engineers Act 1991; or ( b ) a land surveyor who is a registered surveyor under the Land Surveyors Act 1991; [Act 25 of 2024 wef 01/10/2025] “architectural firm” means — ( a ) a partnership comprising wholly of registered architects, each of whom has in force a practising certificate; or ( b ) a sole proprietorship comprising a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; “architectural practice” means — ( a ) an architectural firm; ( b ) a limited corporation licensed under section 20(1); ( c ) an unlimited corporation licensed under section 20(2); ( d ) a partnership licensed under section 20(3); or ( e ) a limited liability partnership licensed under section 20(4); “architectural services” includes selling or supplying for gain or reward any architectural plan, drawing, tracing or the like for use in the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof; “Board” means the Board of Architects established under section 4; “builder”, “building” and “building works” have the meanings given by the Building Control Act 1989; “building authority” means any person empowered under the provisions of the Building Control Act 1989 to approve plans of building works; “certificate of registration” means a certificate of registration issued under section 17; “Commissioner of Building Control” means any person empowered under the provisions of the Building Control Act 1989 to approve plans of building works; “Disciplinary Committee” means a Disciplinary Committee appointed under section 31C; “foreign architect” means any person who is authorised to practise as an architect in a country or territory outside Singapore under the law of that country or territory; “foreign registration authority”, for any country or territory outside Singapore, means the person in that country or territory having the function conferred by the laws of that country or territory of registering persons in connection with the persons carrying on the practice of architecture in that country or territory; “Investigation Committee” means an Investigation Committee appointed under section 30; “Investigation Panel” means the Investigation Panel appointed under section 27; “licence” means a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore granted under section 20; “licensed”, in relation to a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership, means a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership which has in force a licence; “limited liability partnership” has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005; “limited partnership” means a limited partnership registered under the Limited Partnerships Act 2008; “manager” — ( a ) in relation to a corporation or partnership, means the principal executive officer of the corporation or partnership for the time being by whatever name called and whether or not he or she is a director or partner thereof; and ( b ) in relation to a limited liability partnership, has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005; “nominee”, in relation to any person, means a person who is accustomed or under an obligation (whether formal or informal) to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of another person, except that a person is not to be regarded as a nominee of another person by reason only that the person acts on advice given by that other person in a professional capacity; “participating jurisdiction” means any country or territory outside Singapore in relation to which an arrangement under section 6A(2) is in force; “partnership” includes a limited partnership; “practising certificate” means — ( a ) in relation to a registered architect — an annual certificate issued under section 18 authorising him or her to engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore; ( b ) in relation to an allied professional who is a professional engineer registered under the Professional Engineers Act 1991 — a practising certificate issued under section 28 of that Act; and ( c ) in relation to an allied professional who is a registered surveyor under the Land Surveyors Act 1991 — a practising certificate issued under section 15 of that Act; [Act 25 of 2024 wef 01/10/2025] “president” means the president of the Board; “register of architects” means the register of architects kept and maintained by the Board under section 8(1)( a ); “register of licensees” means the annual register of licensed corporations, partnerships and limited liability partnerships kept by the Board under section 8(1)( e ); “register of practitioners” means the annual register of practitioners kept by the Board under section 8(1)( d ); “registered architect” means a person registered as an architect under section 15(1) or (2A); “Registrar” means the Registrar of the Board, and includes any individual acting in that capacity; “rules” means rules made by the Board under section 38; “unlimited corporation” means a corporation formed on the principle of having no limit placed on the liability of its members. [18/2003; 28/2005; 20/2017; 5/2018]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 3
title: Act not to apply to Government, naval and landscape architects, etc.
content:
3. —(1) Nothing in this Act applies to anything done or omitted to be done by the Government or a public officer under the authority of the Government. (2) This Act does not apply to naval architects and landscape architects. (3) This Act is not to be construed as requiring any public authority which supplies architectural services in Singapore under the provisions of any written law to obtain a licence. (4) In subsection (3), “public authority” means any body established by or under any written law and exercising powers vested therein by written law for a public purpose.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4
title: Establishment of Board of Architects
content:
4. A body called the Board of Architects is established in Singapore, which is a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal, with power, subject to the provisions of this Act — ( a ) to sue and be sued in its corporate name; ( b ) to acquire and dispose of property, both movable and immovable; and ( c ) to do and perform any other acts that bodies corporate may by law perform.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4A
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4A
title: Constitution of Board
content:
4A. —(1) The Board consists of the following members: ( a ) the Commissioner of Building Control; ( b ) the president of the Singapore Institute of Architects; ( c ) not more than 6 registered architects who have in force a practising certificate — (i) to be elected by registered architects who have in force a practising certificate; or (ii) failing such election, to be appointed by the Minister under subsection (2); ( d ) 6 registered architects to be appointed by the Minister; and ( e ) a registered professional engineer to be appointed by the Minister on the nomination of the Professional Engineers Board. [28/2005] (2) If elections held for the purposes of subsection (1)( c ) result in less than 6 persons being elected as members of the Board, the Minister may appoint such number, as he or she thinks fit, of registered architects who have in force a practising certificate to be members of the Board, except that the number of members so appointed and the number of members elected under subsection (1)( c ) must not exceed 6 in total. [28/2005] (3) The members elected under subsection (1)( c ) hold office for a term not exceeding 3 years and are eligible for re‑election. [28/2005; 20/2017] (3A) However, a person is ineligible for re‑election to office as a member under subsection (1)( c ) if the re‑election would result in the person holding office as a member for 3 consecutive terms. [20/2017] (4) Only registered architects of at least 10 years’ standing may be elected under subsection (1)( c ) or appointed under subsection (2) as members of the Board. [28/2005] (5) The members appointed under subsection (1)( d ) or ( e ) or (2) hold office for a term not exceeding 3 years and are eligible for re‑appointment. [28/2005] (6) The Minister may, at any time, revoke the appointment of any member appointed under subsection (1)( d ) or (2) without giving any reason. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4B
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4B
title: Compulsory voting
content:
4B. —(1) Every registered architect who has in force a practising certificate on the day of the election of candidates as members of the Board under section 4A(1)( c ) must vote for the election of those members at the time and in the manner prescribed, if any. [28/2005] (2) Every registered architect who is required to vote for the election of the members of the Board in accordance with subsection (1) and who fails to do so is not entitled to apply for a practising certificate unless he or she — ( a ) satisfies the Registrar that he or she had a good and sufficient reason for not voting at the election; or ( b ) pays to the Board a penalty prescribed by the Board. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4C
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4C
title: President of Board
content:
4C. —(1) The Board must have a president who is elected by the members of the Board from among its members — ( a ) who have been elected under section 4A(1)( c ) or appointed under section 4A(2); or ( b ) who have been appointed under section 4A(1)( d ). [28/2005] (2) The president elected under subsection (1) must serve for a term not extending beyond the expiry of the term for which he or she has been appointed or elected to be a member of the Board and is eligible for re‑election. [28/2005; 20/2017] (3) However, a person is ineligible for re‑election as the president under subsection (1) if the re‑election would result in the person holding office as the president for 3 consecutive terms. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4D
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4D
title: Disqualifications for membership of Board
content:
4D. A person is not qualified to be a member of the Board if the person — ( a ) is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident of Singapore; ( b ) is an undischarged bankrupt or has made any arrangement or composition with his or her creditors; ( c ) has been convicted of any offence involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude, or of any other offence implying a defect in character which makes him or her unfit for the architectural profession; ( d ) has a mental disorder and is incapable of managing himself or herself or his or her affairs, or is incapacitated by physical illness; or ( e ) has at any time after due inquiry been found guilty by a Disciplinary Committee of improper conduct. [28/2005; 21/2008]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4E
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4E
title: Filling of vacancies
content:
4E. —(1) The office of a member of the Board becomes vacant if the member — ( a ) dies; ( b ) resigns or is removed from office; or ( c ) becomes in any manner disqualified for office within the meaning of section 4D. [28/2005] (2) The Board may, with the approval of the Minister, remove from office any member of the Board who is absent without leave of the Board from 3 consecutive ordinary meetings of — ( a ) the Board; or ( b ) a Disciplinary Committee of which he or she is a member. [28/2005] (3) Any question as to whether a person has ceased to be a member of the Board is to be decided by the Minister whose decision is final. [28/2005] (4) If any vacancy arises among the elected or appointed members, the Minister must, as soon as practicable, appoint any registered architect to fill that vacancy. [28/2005] (5) Any person appointed to fill the vacancy holds office for the remainder of the term for which his or her predecessor was elected or appointed. [28/2005] (6) The powers of the Board are not affected by any vacancy in its membership. [28/2005] (7) No act done by or under the authority of the Board is invalid in consequence of any defect that is subsequently discovered in the appointment, election or qualification of the members or any of them. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s4F
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 4F
title: Meetings and quorum of Board
content:
4F. —(1) At any meeting of the Board, 8 members form a quorum and no business may be transacted at any meeting unless a quorum is present. [28/2005] (2) At any meeting of the Board, the president presides and in his or her absence the members present must elect from among themselves one member to preside over the meeting. [28/2005] (3) If on any question to be determined by the Board there is an equality of votes, the president or the member presiding over that meeting has a casting vote. [28/2005] (4) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018, the Board may determine its own procedure. [28/2005; 5/2018] (5) The Board must cause proper records of its proceedings to be kept. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 5
title: Common seal of Board
content:
5. —(1) The common seal of the Board must bear such device as the Board may approve and the seal may be broken, changed, altered or made anew by the Board as it may think fit. (2) The common seal must be kept in the custody of the president and must be authenticated by the president or other member acting in the president’s absence. (3) Any document purporting to be sealed by the common seal and authenticated as provided under subsection (2) is, until the contrary is proved, deemed to be validly executed.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 6
title: Functions of Board
content:
6. The functions of the Board are — ( a ) to keep and maintain every register mentioned in section 8(1); ( b ) to hold or arrange for the holding of any examinations that the Board considers necessary for the purpose of enabling persons to qualify for registration under this Act; ( c ) to establish, maintain and develop standards of professional conduct and ethics of the architectural profession; ( d ) to promote learning and education in connection with architecture and the practice of architecture, either alone or in conjunction with any other professional body; ( e ) to hear and determine disputes relating to professional conduct or ethics of registered architects or to appoint a committee or arbitrator to hear and determine those disputes; ( f ) to appoint arbitrators for the purpose of hearing and determining disputes between registered architects or licensed corporations, partnerships or limited liability partnerships and other persons; ( g ) to license corporations, multidiscipline partnerships or limited liability partnerships which intend to supply architectural services in Singapore; ( ga ) to facilitate the mutual recognition, within Singapore and any country or territory outside Singapore, of the qualifications and standards regarding the practice of architecture; and ( h ) generally to do all acts, matters and things that are necessary to be carried out under the provisions of this Act. [28/2005; 20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s6A
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 6A
title: Powers of Board
content:
6A. —(1) The Board has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of its functions, including power — ( a ) to grant prizes and scholarships in connection with architecture, either alone or in conjunction with any person; ( b ) to accept grants, donations or gifts from any source or raise funds by lawful means; ( c ) to determine the requirements for continuing professional education, and to organise related courses, programmes and other activities; and ( d ) to do any other thing that is necessary or convenient to be carried out for or in connection with, or as incidental to, the performance of its functions. [20/2017] (2) The Board may, with the approval of the Minister, enter into arrangements with the appropriate foreign registration authority of any country or territory outside Singapore for the mutual recognition, within Singapore and that country or territory, of the qualifications and standards adopted by each of the parties to the arrangement regarding the practice of architecture. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 7
title: Committees
content:
7. The Board may appoint such committees from among its members, registered architects or allied professionals as it thinks fit to assist or advise the Board on such matters arising out of its functions under this Act as are referred to them by the Board.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 8
title: Registers
content:
8. —(1) The Board must keep and maintain at its office the following registers: ( a ) a register of architects containing the names of persons registered under section 15(1) or (2A) and any other particulars determined by the Board; ( b ) a register containing the names of persons recognised under section 15A and any other particulars determined by the Board; ( c ) a register of exempted architects containing the names of registered architects to whom an exemption under section 15(3) applies, and any other particulars determined by the Board; ( d ) an annual register of practitioners containing the particulars as contained in the declaration delivered under section 18(3)( a ) and any other particulars determined by the Board; ( e ) an annual register of licensees containing the names and addresses of all licensed corporations, partnerships and limited liability partnerships issued with a licence and any other particulars determined by the Board. [20/2017] (2) A person may, with the Registrar’s approval and upon payment of the prescribed fee, obtain an extract from any register kept and maintained under subsection (1). [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 2 - BOARD OF ARCHITECTS
section: 9
title: Appointment and duties of Registrar
content:
9. —(1) There must be a chief executive of the Board called the Registrar of the Board, whose appointment and removal must be in accordance with the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018. [5/2018] (1A) The Board may, subject to the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018, appoint an individual to act temporarily as the Registrar during any period, or during all periods, when the Registrar — ( a ) is absent from duty or Singapore; or ( b ) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office. [5/2018] (2) In addition to duties under the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018, the Registrar must — ( a ) be under the general direction of the Board; ( b ) sign all certificates of registration, practising certificates and licences; and ( c ) record all relevant entries in any register kept and maintained under section 8(1), including any suspension, cancellation or reinstatement of registration in any of the registers. [20/2017; 5/2018] (3) The Registrar must attend all meetings of the Board and record the proceedings of those meetings, and must conduct the correspondence and deal with any matters that the president or the Board may assign to the Registrar. (4) The Registrar must publish, in a manner that will secure adequate publicity to the general public, the following: ( a ) as soon as possible after 1 January each year, a list containing the names, qualifications and addresses of all registered architects who, on that date, have in force a practising certificate and the names of the architectural practices under which they are practising, or that are employing them; ( b ) from time to time, supplementary lists of the names, qualifications, addresses and the names of the architectural practices of persons added to or removed from the register of practitioners. [20/2017] (5) In any proceedings, a list published under subsection (4) is sufficient evidence that the persons whose names appear in the list are registered architects who have in force practising certificates.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 3 - PRIVILEGES OF ARCHITECTS
section: 10
title: Illegal practice
content:
10. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person must not draw or prepare any architectural plan, drawing, tracing, design, specification or other document intended to govern the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part of a building in Singapore unless the person — ( a ) is a registered architect — (i) who has in force a practising certificate; or (ii) who, if he or she is not required to obtain a practising certificate, is doing so in accordance with any prohibition, restriction or condition of his or her registration; ( b ) is doing so under the direction or supervision of a person mentioned in paragraph ( a ); or ( c ) is exempt under section 36 from this section. [20/2017] (2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person must not sign and submit to a building authority or to a public authority (as defined in section 3(4)) — ( a ) any architectural plan, drawing, tracing, design, specification or other document intended to govern the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part of a building in Singapore; or ( b ) any report, certificate or other document relating to the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part of a building which is required by any written law to be signed by an architect, unless the person is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate. [28/2005] (2A) Any document that is signed in contravention of subsection (2) is invalid. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person must not — ( a ) use verbally or otherwise the word “architect” or any of its derivatives in connection with the person’s business designation, or any other words, name or designation that will lead to the belief that the person is an architect unless the person is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; ( b ) advertise or hold himself, herself or itself out, or conduct himself, herself or itself in any way or by any means, as a person who is authorised to supply architectural services in Singapore, unless the person is — (i) a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; or (ii) an architectural practice; ( c ) use the word “architect” or any of its derivatives as part of the name of an architectural practice unless the person is authorised under this Act to supply architectural services; or ( d ) use verbally or otherwise the word “architect” or the abbreviation “Ar.” as a title before the person’s name unless the person is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate. [28/2005; 20/2017] (4) Nothing in subsection (3)( b ) prevents a corporation or limited liability partnership that ceases to have in force a licence from carrying on any activity necessary to the winding up of the corporation or limited liability partnership. [28/2005] (5) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person must not — ( a ) supply architectural services in Singapore unless the person is — (i) a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate and is doing so on the person’s own account or under, or as an employee of, an architectural practice; (ii) a registered architect who, if he or she is not required to obtain a practising certificate, is doing so in accordance with any prohibition, restriction or condition of his or her registration; or (iii) a licensed corporation or licensed limited liability partnership; or ( b ) offer to supply architectural services in Singapore unless the person is — (i) a person mentioned in paragraph ( a ); or (ii) an allied professional who is doing so only by reason of being a partner in a licensed partnership or licensed limited liability partnership. [20/2017] (5A) Despite subsection (5), a builder may supply or offer to supply architectural services in Singapore in connection with any building works which the builder undertakes to carry out if the architectural services are provided by a person referred to in subsection (5)( a )(i) or (iii). [18/2003; 20/2017] (6) Any person who contravenes subsection (1), (2), (3) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) in the case of a natural person — (i) to a fine not exceeding $5,000; and (ii) if the person is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; and ( b ) in the case of a body corporate — (i) to a fine not exceeding $5,000; and (ii) if the body corporate is a repeat offender, to a fine not exceeding $10,000. [20/2017] (7) In this section, a person is a repeat offender if the person who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under subsection (6) has (whether before, on or after 6 October 2017) been convicted or found guilty on at least one other earlier occasion of — ( a ) an offence under subsection (6) for contravening subsection (1), (2), (3) or (5); or ( b ) an offence under subsection (6) as in force immediately before that date for contravening subsection (1), (2), (3) or (5) as in force immediately before that same date. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 3 - PRIVILEGES OF ARCHITECTS
section: 11
title: Remuneration for architectural services
content:
11. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person is not entitled to demand, claim or sue for or recover any charge, fee or remuneration for any architectural services supplied by the person in Singapore, or for any offer by the person to supply architectural services in Singapore, in connection with any arbitration, suit or matter, if the person supplying or offering to supply the architectural services is not authorised by this Act to supply those services. [20/2017] (2) Any person, who has made any payment to another person for that other person engaging in conduct which is in contravention of section 10, may recover the money in a court of competent jurisdiction if the person did not know, or have reason to believe, when making payment, that the conduct by that other person was in contravention of section 10. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 3 - PRIVILEGES OF ARCHITECTS
section: 12
title: Employment or engagement of unregistered architect prohibited
content:
12. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person must not employ as an architect any other person unless the other person is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate. [20/2017] (1A) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person must not engage the architectural services of any other person in relation to any building works unless the other person — ( a ) is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; or ( b ) is a registered architect who, if he or she is not required to obtain a practising certificate, is supplying the architectural services in accordance with any prohibition, restriction or condition of his or her registration. [20/2017] (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or (1A) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 and, for a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $5,000. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 3 - PRIVILEGES OF ARCHITECTS
section: 13
title: Minor building works
content:
13. Nothing in this Act is to be construed to prohibit or prevent any person not registered under this Act from carrying out work in respect of the construction of or repairs to any building or part of a building in any case in which plans are not required by any written law to be submitted to a building authority or to a public authority (as defined in section 3(4)). [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 3 - PRIVILEGES OF ARCHITECTS
section: 14
title: Relationship with professional engineers, etc.
content:
14. This Part does not prevent — ( a ) a professional engineer who has in force a practising certificate issued under the Professional Engineers Act 1991 or any person under the direction or supervision of such a professional engineer; or ( b ) a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership which is licensed under that Act to engage in professional engineering work in Singapore, from carrying on any activity within the practice of professional engineering which he, she or it is authorised to carry on under that Act where to do so does not constitute a substantial part of services within the practice of architecture. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 15
title: Qualifications for registration
content:
15. —(1) Subject to this section, the following persons are, on payment of the prescribed fee, entitled to registration under this Act: ( a ) any person holding — (i) the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture from the National University of Singapore or the University of Singapore; or (ii) the Degree of Masters of Architecture from the National University of Singapore or the Singapore University of Technology and Design; ( b ) any person holding any other degree, diploma or qualification which the Minister may, after consultation with the Board and by notification in the Gazette , approve for the purpose of entitling the holder thereof to be registered under this Act; or ( c ) any person who satisfies the Board that the person is otherwise qualified by having proper and recognised training in architecture and who passes such oral or written examinations as may be prescribed. [28/2005; 20/2017] (2) A person is not entitled to registration under subsection (1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ) unless the person satisfies the Board as to any of the following: ( a ) that the person has, after obtaining his or her qualifications — (i) acquired at least 2 years of such practical experience in architectural work as may be prescribed or approved by the Board (including practical experience in architectural work in Singapore for a continuous period of at least 12 months); and (ii) passed such professional practice examination as may be prescribed or approved by the Board; ( b ) that the person has, after obtaining his or her qualifications — (i) acquired at least 5 years of such practical experience in architectural work as may be recognised by the Board (including not less than 2 years of the prescribed practical experience in architectural work in Singapore with a continuous period of at least 12 months of such prescribed practical experience being acquired within the 5 years immediately preceding the date of the person’s application for registration under this Act); and (ii) passed such oral or written examination as may be prescribed by the Board; ( c ) that the person has, after obtaining his or her qualifications — (i) acquired at least 10 years of such practical experience in architectural work as may be recognised by the Board; (ii) received any commendation or award at any international architectural event, or from any professional body whose architectural degree or qualification is recognised by the Board; and (iii) passed such oral or written examination as may be prescribed by the Board. [28/2005; 20/2017] (2A) Despite subsections (1) and (2), any foreign architect who is first authorised to practise architecture in a country or territory outside Singapore which is a participating jurisdiction and who intends to engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore, is entitled to registration under this Act — ( a ) upon payment of the prescribed fee; and ( b ) if the foreign architect has such qualifications, requisite practical experience in architectural work, and has passed such oral or written examinations, as may be approved by the Board. [20/2017] (2B) A registration of a foreign architect under subsection (1) or (2A) may be subject to such prohibitions, restrictions or conditions as to the practice of architecture in Singapore as the Board may impose. [20/2017] (3) The Minister may, after consultation with the Board, by order in the Gazette , exempt, subject to any conditions that the Minister thinks fit, any person from the requirements of subsection (2). (4) The Board may refuse to register any applicant who in the opinion of the Board — ( a ) is not of good character and reputation; or ( b ) is unable to carry out the duties of an architect effectively. (5) Any person whose application for registration under subsection (1) has been refused by the Board may, within 30 days after being notified of the refusal, appeal to the General Division of the High Court whose decision is final. [20/2017; 40/2019]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s15A
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 15A
title: Recognition for purposes of mutual recognition arrangements
content:
15A. —(1) Subject to this section, any registered architect who intends to supply or offer to supply architectural services in any participating jurisdiction, may apply to be recognised for the purposes of any arrangement mentioned in section 6A(2) with a foreign registration authority in that jurisdiction. [20/2017] (2) An application to be recognised for the purposes of an arrangement mentioned in section 6A(2) with a foreign registration authority of a participating jurisdiction must be granted by the Board if, upon payment of the prescribed fee, it is satisfied — ( a ) that under the terms of the arrangement, the applicant is eligible to supply or offer to supply those architectural services in the participating jurisdiction if the applicant is first recognised under this section; and ( b ) that the applicant — (i) has the requisite practical experience in architectural work as may be approved by the Board; and (ii) has passed such oral or written examinations as may be approved by the Board. [20/2017] (3) Any recognition under subsection (2) — ( a ) is valid for the period (not exceeding one year) that the Board determines; and ( b ) may be renewed upon payment of the prescribed fee. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 16
title: Application for registration
content:
16. Every application for registration under this Act must be made to the Board in such form and manner as may be prescribed.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 17
title: Certificates of registration
content:
17. Every registered architect is, on payment of the prescribed fee, entitled to receive a certificate of registration under the hand of the Registrar.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s17A
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 17A
title: Amendment of registers
content:
17A. The Registrar must — ( a ) amend any register kept and maintained under section 8(1) when there is any alteration which may come to the Registrar’s knowledge in the name, address or other relevant particulars of any person registered; ( b ) correct any error in any entry in any such register; and ( c ) remove from any such register the name of any person — (i) whose name has been ordered to be removed under any provision of this Act; or (ii) who is dead. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s17B
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 17B
title: Removal of name and particulars from register of architects
content:
17B. —(1) The Board may order the name and other particulars of a registered architect to be removed from the register of architects if he or she — ( a ) has no address in Singapore at which he or she can be contacted or sent any document using his or her particulars in the register; or ( b ) has not renewed his or her practising certificate for a continuous period of at least 10 years. [28/2005] (2) Despite the provisions of Part 7, the Board may order the name and other particulars of a registered architect to be removed from the register of architects if it comes to the knowledge of the Board that — ( a ) he or she has obtained his or her registration by fraud or misrepresentation; ( b ) his or her qualification for registration under section 15 has been withdrawn or cancelled by the authority through which it was acquired or by which it was awarded; or ( c ) he or she refuses or fails to comply with — (i) an order made (whether before, on or after 6 October 2017) by the Board under section 31B(1)( a ) (pursuant to the recommendation of an Investigation Committee under section 31A( d )), or under section 31B(1)( c ); (ii) an order made (whether before, on or after 6 October 2017) by a Disciplinary Committee under section 31G(2)( c ) or (3) to pay a penalty or sum, or under section 31G(2)( e ); or (iii) any prohibition, restriction or condition imposed by the Board under section 15(2B). [28/2005; 20/2017] (3) The Board must, before exercising its powers under subsection (2), notify the registered architect concerned of its intention to take such action and must give the registered architect an opportunity to submit reasons, within the period that the Board may determine, as to why his or her name should not be removed from the register. [28/2005] (4) Any person aggrieved by an order made by the Board under subsection (2) may, within 30 days of being notified of the order, appeal to the Minister whose decision is final. [28/2005] (5) Any registered architect may apply to the Board to have his or her name and particulars removed from the register of architects. [28/2005] (6) Every application under subsection (5) must be made in the form that the Board may require and the Board may, if it thinks fit, require either or both of the following: ( a ) that the application should be supported by a statutory declaration; ( b ) that the applicant should advertise his or her intention to make the application in the manner that the Board directs. [28/2005] (7) Subject to subsection (8), the Board may, upon receiving an application made under subsection (5), direct the Registrar to remove the name and particulars of the applicant from the register of architects. [28/2005] (8) No order may be made on an application under subsection (5) if the Board is satisfied that — ( a ) disciplinary action is pending against the applicant; or ( b ) the conduct of the applicant is the subject of a complaint made against the applicant which is not dismissed, or an inquiry by an Investigation Committee. [28/2005; 20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s17C
chapter: PART 4 - REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS
section: 17C
title: Reinstatement of registration
content:
17C. —(1) Any person whose name and particulars have been removed from the register of architects under section 31G(2)( a ) must, if the person’s appeal to the General Division of the High Court under section 31H is allowed, be immediately reinstated without payment of any fee. [28/2005; 40/2019] (2) The Board may, after the expiry of at least 3 years from the removal from the register of architects of the name and particulars of any person, consider any fresh application for registration by that person in accordance with the provisions of Part 4. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 5 - PRACTISING CERTIFICATES
section: 18
title: Practising certificates
content:
18. —(1) Where a registered architect desires to engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore after 31 December of any year, he or she must, not later than 1 December of that year and in such form and manner as may be prescribed, apply for a practising certificate authorising him or her to engage in the practice of architecture in the succeeding year. (2) Despite subsection (1), where a registered architect applies for a practising certificate for the first time after registration under section 15, the application may be made at any time during the year and the registered architect may be issued a practising certificate for the remainder of the year in which the application is made. (3) Any application by a registered architect under this section must be accompanied by — ( a ) a written declaration stating — (i) his or her full name; (ii) the name of the architectural practice under which he or she practises, or by which he or she is employed; and (iii) the principal and any other address or addresses of the architectural practice under which he or she practises, or by which he or she is employed; ( b ) such evidence as the Board may require that the applicant has complied with or is exempt from the rules relating to insurance against professional liability; and ( c ) the prescribed fee, and the Board must, subject to subsection (4), thereupon issue to the registered architect a practising certificate. [20/2017] (4) The Board may refuse to issue a practising certificate if — ( a ) the applicant is an undischarged bankrupt; ( b ) the applicant has entered into a composition with his or her creditors or a deed of arrangement for the benefit of his or her creditors; ( c ) the applicant does not intend to practise either on his or her own account or in partnership, or is not or not about to be employed by an architectural practice; ( d ) the declaration under subsection (3) contains a statement that to its knowledge is false in a material particular; ( e ) the conduct of the applicant provides reasonable grounds for believing that he or she will not engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore in accordance with any written law and with honesty and integrity; ( f ) the Board is not satisfied that the applicant has complied with the prescribed requirements relating to continuing professional education; ( g ) the Board does not approve the name of the architectural practice under which the registered architect intends to carry on his or her practice or by which he or she is employed; ( h ) the applicant’s qualification for registration under section 15(1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ) has been withdrawn or cancelled by the authority through which it was acquired or by which it was awarded or granted; ( i ) the applicant has failed to comply with any of the conditions imposed by the Minister under section 15(3); or ( j ) the applicant refuses or fails to comply with — (i) an order made (whether before, on or after 6 October 2017) by the Board under section 31B(1)( a ) (pursuant to the recommendation of an Investigation Committee under section 31A( d )), or under section 31B(1)( c ); (ii) an order made (whether before, on or after 6 October 2017) by a Disciplinary Committee under section 31G(2)( c ) or (3) to pay a penalty or sum, or under section 31G(2)( e ); or (iii) any prohibition, restriction or condition imposed by the Board under section 15(2B). [18/2003; 28/2005; 20/2017] (5) Any registered architect (not being a registered architect who is applying for a practising certificate for the first time) who fails to apply for a practising certificate in the manner and within the period specified in subsection (1) may, on the making of an application in such form and on payment of such additional fee as may be prescribed, be issued a practising certificate for — ( a ) the succeeding year if the application is made during the month of December of any year; or ( b ) the remainder of the year if the application is made on or after 1 January of that year. (6) Subject to subsection (9), a practising certificate is, unless earlier cancelled, in force from the date of its issue until 31 December of the year in respect of which it is issued. (7) A practising certificate must specify the name, the principal address and all other addresses of the architectural practice under which the registered architect is practising or by which he or she is employed. [28/2005; 20/2017] (8) Any change in any name or address mentioned in subsection (7) must be notified by the registered architect concerned to the Registrar within 2 weeks of the change and an endorsement of the change must be obtained from the Registrar. [28/2005] (9) Where the registration of a registered architect is cancelled under section 17B(2) or 31G(2)( a ), the practising certificate (if any) of that architect for the time being in force expires forthwith and the Registrar must enter the date of the expiry on the register of practitioners and remove from that register the name of that architect. [28/2005] (10) Any person whose application for a practising certificate has been refused by the Board may, within 30 days after being notified of such refusal, appeal to the General Division of the High Court whose decision is final. [40/2019]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 5 - PRACTISING CERTIFICATES
section: 19
title: Cancellation of practising certificates
content:
19. —(1) The Board may cancel the practising certificate of any registered architect on any ground specified in section 18(4) which applies to the registered architect, whether or not that ground existed at the time the practising certificate was issued. (2) The Board must not cancel any practising certificate under subsection (1) unless an opportunity of being heard either personally or in writing has been given to the person concerned. (3) Any person whose practising certificate has been cancelled by the Board under this section may, within 30 days after being notified of the cancellation, appeal to the General Division of the High Court whose decision is final. [40/2019]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 20
title: Licence for multidiscipline and corporate practice
content:
20. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant to a limited corporation a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore if — ( a ) the memorandum of association of the corporation provides that a primary object of the corporation is to supply architectural services; ( b ) the paid-up capital of the corporation is not less than the amount prescribed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette ; ( c ) the articles of association of the corporation provide that — (i) at least a prescribed number or prescribed proportion of the directors of the corporation must be registered architects or allied professionals, each of whom must have in force a practising certificate; (ii) any person whose name and particulars have been removed from any of the following registers other than upon an application by that person, must not be a director unless his or her name and particulars have been reinstated: (A) the register of architects; (B) the register of registered professional engineers kept and maintained by the Professional Engineers Board under section 13 of the Professional Engineers Act 1991; (C) the register of surveyors kept and maintained by the Land Surveyors Board under section 9 of the Land Surveyors Act 1991; and (iii) any person who has been suspended from practice as a registered architect under this Act, or as a registered professional engineer under the Professional Engineers Act 1991, or as a registered surveyor under the Land Surveyors Act 1991, must not be a director for so long as he or she remains suspended; ( d ) the business of the corporation, so far as it relates to the supply of architectural services, will be under the control and management of a director of the corporation who — (i) is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; and (ii) is authorised under a resolution of the board of directors of the corporation to make all final architectural decisions on behalf of the corporation with respect to the requirements of this Act, the rules or any other law relating to the supply of architectural services by the corporation; ( e ) the corporation is insured against professional liability in accordance with section 24 and the rules; and ( f ) the name of the corporation has been approved by the Board. [18/2003; 28/2005; 42/2005; 28/2005; 20/2017] (2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant a licence to any unlimited corporation to supply architectural services in Singapore if — ( a ) the memorandum of association of the corporation provides that a primary object of the corporation is to supply architectural services; ( b ) the articles of association of the corporation provide that — (i) a person must not be a director of the corporation unless he or she is a registered architect or an allied professional; (ii) at least a prescribed number or proportion of the directors of the corporation must be registered architects or allied professionals who each has in force a practising certificate; (iii) a person must not be registered as a member of that corporation — (A) unless he or she is a registered architect or an allied professional and a director, a manager or an employee of the corporation; or (B) if he or she is a nominee of a person who is not a registered architect or an allied professional; (iv) any person whose name and particulars have been removed from any of the following registers other than upon an application by that person, must not be a director unless his or her name and particulars have been reinstated: (A) the register of architects; (B) the register of registered professional engineers kept and maintained by the Professional Engineers Board under section 13 of the Professional Engineers Act 1991; (C) the register of surveyors kept and maintained by the Land Surveyors Board under section 9 of the Land Surveyors Act 1991; and (v) any person who has been suspended from practice as a registered architect under this Act, or as a registered professional engineer under the Professional Engineers Act 1991, or as a registered surveyor under the Land Surveyors Act 1991, must not be a director for so long as he or she remains suspended; ( c ) the business of the corporation, so far as it relates to the supply of architectural services, will be under the control and management of a director of the corporation who — (i) is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; (ii) is a member, or a registered owner of at least one share, of the corporation; and (iii) is authorised under a resolution of the board of directors of the corporation to make all final architectural decisions on behalf of the corporation with respect to the requirements of this Act, the rules or any other law relating to the supply of architectural services by the corporation; and ( d ) the name of the corporation has been approved by the Board. [18/2003; 28/2005; 20/2017] (3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant to a partnership not consisting wholly of registered architects a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore if — ( a ) the partnership is one in which only registered architects and allied professionals, who each has in force a practicing certificate, have a beneficial interest in the capital assets and profits of the partnership; ( b ) the business of the partnership, so far as it relates to the supply of architectural services in Singapore, will be under the control and management of a partner who is a registered architect and has in force a practising certificate; and ( c ) the name of the partnership has been approved by the Board. [18/2003; 28/2005] (4) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant a licence to any limited liability partnership to supply architectural services in Singapore if — ( a ) the statement lodged by the partners of the limited liability partnership with the Registrar of Limited Liability Partnerships under section 19(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005 provides that a primary nature of the business of the limited liability partnership is to supply architectural services; ( b ) the partners in the limited liability partnership consist only of persons who satisfy the requirements that the Board, with the approval of the Minister, prescribes; ( c ) at least one of the partners of the limited liability partnership is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; ( d ) the business of the limited liability partnership, so far as it relates to architectural services in Singapore, will be under the control and management of a partner who — (i) is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; and (ii) is authorised under a resolution of the partners of the limited liability partnership to make all final architectural decisions on behalf of the limited liability partnership with respect to the requirements of this Act, the rules or any other law relating to the supply of architectural services by the limited liability partnership; ( e ) the name of the limited liability partnership has been approved by the Board; and ( f ) the limited liability partnership is insured against professional liability in accordance with section 24 and the rules. [28/2005] (5) Any application for a licence or for the approval of the name of a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership under this section must be made in such form and manner as may be prescribed. [28/2005] (6) The Board may refuse to grant a licence under this section to any corporation (whether unlimited or not), partnership or limited liability partnership if, in the opinion of the Board, the past conduct of any director, manager or employee of the corporation or any partner, manager or employee of the partnership or limited liability partnership provides reasonable grounds for believing that the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership (as the case may be) will not supply architectural services in accordance with any written law and with honesty and integrity. [28/2005] (7) Every licence granted under this section is, unless earlier revoked, valid for such period as may be specified in the licence. (8) Any person whose application for a licence or for the approval of the name of a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership has been refused by the Board may, within 30 days after being notified of the refusal, appeal in the prescribed manner to the Minister whose decision is final. [28/2005] (9) In subsections (1) and (2), “prescribed number or proportion of directors” means — ( a ) where no number or proportion is specified under paragraph ( b ) — a majority of the directors; or ( b ) where a number or proportion is specified by the Minister for the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) by notification in the Gazette — that number or proportion of directors for the time being so specified. [18/2003; 28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 21
title: Conditions of licence to practise
content:
21. —(1) It is a condition of every licence granted to any corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership that the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership (as the case may be) must supply architectural services in Singapore by a registered architect — ( a ) who has in force a practising certificate; and ( b ) who is — (i) in the case of a corporation — a director or an employee of the corporation; (ii) in the case of a partnership — a partner or an employee of the partnership; or (iii) in the case of a limited liability partnership — a partner or an employee of the limited liability partnership. [28/2005] (2) It is a condition of every licence granted to any corporation, other than an unlimited corporation, or to any limited liability partnership that the corporation or limited liability partnership (as the case may be) must not supply architectural services in Singapore unless the corporation or limited liability partnership is insured in respect of professional liability in accordance with section 24 and the rules. [28/2005] (3) It is a condition of every licence granted to any corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership that the name of the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership must not be changed without the prior approval of the Board. [28/2005] (4) Without affecting subsections (1), (2) and (3), the Board may grant a licence subject to any other conditions that the Board thinks fit and may at any time vary any existing conditions (other than those specified in subsections (1), (2) and (3)) of a licence or impose additional conditions thereto. [28/2005] (5) Where the Board grants a licence to a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership subject to conditions (other than those specified in subsections (1), (2) and (3)), the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership may, if aggrieved by the decision of the Board, appeal in the prescribed manner to the Minister whose decision is final. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 22
title: Change in composition of board of directors, members, etc.
content:
22. —(1) Any licensed corporation must, within 30 days of the occurrence of — ( a ) any alteration of its memorandum or articles of association to remove the restrictions, limitations or prohibitions of the kind specified in section 20(1), (2) or (4), whichever is applicable to the licensed corporation; ( b ) any change in the composition of its board of directors, members or shareholders; or ( c ) any revocation of any resolution passed by the board of directors under section 20(1)( d )(ii) or (2)( c )(iii), provide the Board a true written report giving full particulars of the alteration or change. [18/2003] (2) Any licensed partnership must, within 30 days of the occurrence of any change in the composition of its members, provide the Board a true written report giving full particulars of the change. (3) Any licensed limited liability partnership must, within 30 days of the occurrence of any change in the composition of its partners, provide the Board a true written report giving full particulars of the change. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 23
title: Application of Companies Act 1967
content:
23. —(1) Sections 162, 163 and 197 of the Companies Act 1967 apply to a licensed corporation which is an exempt private company subject to the modification that any reference in those sections to an exempt private company does not include a reference to the licensed corporation. [36/2014] (2) Every licensed corporation mentioned in subsection (1) must — ( a ) comply with the prohibitions in sections 162 and 163 of the Companies Act 1967 as if it were not an exempt private company; and ( b ) forward annually to the Registrar of Companies, together with the annual return required by section 197 of the Companies Act 1967, such copies of documents as are required to be included in the annual return and such certificates and particulars in accordance with the prescribed form mentioned in section 197(2) of that Act as if it were not an exempt private company. [12/2002; 36/2014] (3) In this section, “exempt private company” has the meaning given by the Companies Act 1967.


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 24
title: Liability insurance
content:
24. Every licensed corporation which is not an unlimited corporation and every licensed limited liability partnership must be insured against liability for any breach of professional duty arising out of the conduct of its business of supplying architectural services as a direct result of any negligent act, error or omission committed by — ( a ) in the case of a corporation — the corporation or its directors, managers, secretaries or employees; or ( b ) in the case of a limited liability partnership — the partnership or its partners, managers or employees. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 25
title: Relationship between client and licensed corporation or limited liability partnership
content:
25. A licensed corporation or a licensed limited liability partnership has the same rights and is subject to the same obligations in respect of fiduciary, confidential and ethical relationships with each client of the corporation or limited liability partnership (as the case may be) that exist at law between a registered architect and his or her client. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 26
title: Professional responsibility of supervising architect
content:
26. A registered architect who has the control and management of the business of a licensed corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership relating to the supply of architectural services in Singapore is subject to the same standards of professional conduct and competence in respect of those services as if he or she were personally supplying the architectural services. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s26A
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 26A
title: Revocation of licence
content:
26A. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Board may by order revoke any licence it has granted to a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership if, in the opinion of the Board — ( a ) the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership has failed to comply with any condition imposed by the Board under section 21; ( b ) the memorandum or articles of association of the corporation have been so altered that they no longer include the restrictions, limitations or prohibitions of the kind specified in section 20(1) or (2), whichever applies; ( c ) a person who is neither — (i) a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; nor (ii) an allied professional who has in force a practicing certificate, has a beneficial interest in the capital assets and profits of the partnership; ( d ) the limited liability partnership no longer satisfies the requirements of section 20(4); ( e ) the licence had been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation; ( f ) the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership has stopped supplying architectural services in Singapore; ( g ) the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership has contravened any provision of the prescribed code of professional conduct and ethics; ( h ) the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership has contravened section 22, 23 or 24 or failed to comply with any condition imposed under section 21, or has been convicted of an offence under this Act; ( i ) the conduct of any director, manager or employee of the corporation, or any partner or employee of the partnership or limited liability partnership, provides grounds for believing that the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership (as the case may be) will not supply architectural services in Singapore in accordance with any written law and with honesty and integrity; or ( j ) the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership has refused or failed to comply with an order of the Board made under subsection (2). [28/2005; 20/2017] (2) The Board may, in any case in which it considers that no cause of sufficient gravity for revoking a licence exists — ( a ) by order impose on the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned a penalty not exceeding $100,000 and every such penalty is recoverable as a debt due to the Board; or ( b ) by writing censure the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership. [20/2017] (3) The Board must not exercise its powers under subsection (1) or (2) unless an opportunity of being heard by a representative in writing or by counsel has been given to the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership against which the Board intends to exercise its powers. [28/2005] (4) Where the Board has revoked a licence under this section, the Registrar must serve on the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned a notice of the order made by the Board. [28/2005] (5) Any order by the Board revoking a licence or imposing a pecuniary penalty does not take effect until the expiry of 30 days after the Board has served the order on the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned. [28/2005] (6) Where an order of revocation becomes effective — ( a ) the Registrar must cause notice of the revocation to be published in the Gazette and remove from the register of licensees the name and other particulars of the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned; and ( b ) the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned must, from the date of the notice, stop supplying architectural services in Singapore except as may be approved by the Board for the purpose of winding up its business. [28/2005] (7) Subsection (6)( b ) does not prejudice the enforcement by any person of any right or claim against the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership or by the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership of any right or claim against any person. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s26B
chapter: PART 6 - MULTIDISCIPLINE AND CORPORATE PRACTICE
section: 26B
title: Appeal against order of Board
content:
26B. —(1) If the Board has made — ( a ) an order of revocation of a licence under section 26A against a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership; or ( b ) an order imposing any pecuniary penalty on a licensed corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership under section 26A(2), the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned may, within 30 days after being served with the notice of the order, appeal to the General Division of the High Court against the order, and the decision of the General Division of the High Court is final. [28/2005; 40/2019] (2) Where the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership concerned has appealed to the General Division of the High Court against an order under section 26A, the order does not take effect unless the order is confirmed by the General Division of the High Court or the appeal is for any reason dismissed by the General Division of the High Court or withdrawn. [28/2005; 40/2019] (3) Any corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership whose name has been removed from the register of licensees under section 26A(6)( a ) must, if its appeal to the General Division of the High Court is allowed, be immediately reinstated without payment of any fee. [28/2005; 40/2019]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 27
title: Appointment of Investigation Panel
content:
27. —(1) For the purpose of enabling Investigation Committees to be appointed under section 30, the Board must appoint a panel (called in this Act the Investigation Panel) consisting of — ( a ) not less than 10 but not more than 20 registered architects of at least 10 years’ standing who are not members of the Board; and ( b ) not less than 5 but not more than 10 allied professionals or laypersons. [28/2005] (2) A member of the Investigation Panel is appointed for a term of 2 years and is eligible for re‑appointment. [28/2005] (3) The Board may, at any time, revoke the appointment of any member of the Investigation Panel or fill any vacancy in its membership. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 28
title: Complaints against registered architects
content:
28. Any complaint or information concerning — ( a ) the conviction of a registered architect of any offence involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude, or implying a defect in character which makes him or her unfit for his or her profession; ( b ) any improper act or conduct of a registered architect in his or her professional capacity which brings disrepute to his or her profession; ( c ) any contravention by a registered architect of any provision of the prescribed code of professional conduct and ethics; ( d ) the ability of a registered architect to carry out the duties of an architect effectively in Singapore; or ( e ) any failure on the part of a registered architect, while being a director, a manager or an employee of a licensed corporation, or a partner, a manager or an employee of a licensed partnership or limited liability partnership, to take reasonable steps to prevent the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership from acting in a manner (other than as described in section 26A(1)( f )) which would warrant the Board revoking any licence granted to the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership or imposing a penalty under section 26A(2), must be made to the Board in writing and must be supported by any statutory declaration that the Board may require, except that no statutory declaration is required if the complaint is made or given by any public officer or officer of the Board. [28/2005; 20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 29
title: Review of complaints
content:
29. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), the Board must, upon receiving any complaint under section 28, refer the complaint to the Registrar for review. [28/2005] (2) The Board may also, on its own motion, refer any information concerning any improper or dishonourable act or conduct of a registered architect to the Registrar for review. [28/2005] (3) The Board need not refer any complaint or information to the Registrar for review where the complaint or information relates to any matter set out in section 17B(2), and in such a case, the Board may take any action that it thinks fit under that section. [28/2005] [S 759/2022] (4) The Registrar — ( a ) must review the complaint or information referred to him or her for the purpose of determining if there are sufficient merits therein to warrant the institution of disciplinary proceedings under this Part against the registered architect concerned; and ( b ) may, for the purpose of conducting the review, enlist the assistance of any registered architect, allied professional or layperson on the Investigation Panel. [28/2005] (5) In conducting a review under this section, the Registrar may require the complainant (if any) or the registered architect concerned to answer any question or to provide any document or information that the Registrar considers relevant for the purpose of the review. [28/2005] (6) On the completion of a review under this section, the Registrar must — ( a ) dismiss the complaint or information, if the Registrar finds that the complaint is frivolous, vexatious, misconceived or without merits, or that the information is unsubstantiated; ( b ) in a case where the complaint or information relates to the conviction (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) of the registered architect of an offence that — (i) involves fraud or dishonesty; or (ii) implies a defect in character which makes the registered architect unfit for his or her profession, recommend to the Board to refer the matter to a Disciplinary Committee for a formal inquiry; and ( c ) in any other case, recommend to the Board to refer the matter to an Investigation Committee for an inquiry. [28/2005] (7) The Board may, upon accepting the recommendation of the Registrar under subsection (6)( b ) or ( c ), appoint an Investigation Committee or a Disciplinary Committee (as appropriate) and refer the matter thereto for an inquiry or a formal inquiry, as the case may be. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s30
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 30
title: Appointment of Investigation Committee
content:
30. —(1) The Board may appoint one or more Investigation Committees comprising — ( a ) a chairperson who is a member of the Board; ( b ) 2 members of the Investigation Panel who are registered architects; and ( c ) a member of the Investigation Panel who is an allied professional or a layperson, to inquire into any complaint or information received by the Board under section 28. [28/2005] (2) A member of the Investigation Panel who has assisted the Registrar in reviewing any complaint or information under section 29(4)( b ) must not be a member of an Investigation Committee inquiring into the same matter. [28/2005] (3) An Investigation Committee may be appointed in connection with one or more matters or for a fixed period of time, as the Board thinks fit. [28/2005] (4) The Board may, at any time, revoke the appointment of the chairperson or any member of an Investigation Committee, or fill any vacancy in an Investigation Committee. [28/2005] (5) No act done by or under the authority of an Investigation Committee is invalid because of any defect that is subsequently discovered in the appointment or qualification of the chairperson or members or any of them. [28/2005] (6) The chairperson of an Investigation Committee must, even though he or she has ceased to be a member of the Board on the expiry of his or her term of office, continue to be the chairperson of the Investigation Committee until the Investigation Committee has completed its work. [28/2005] (7) A member of an Investigation Committee must, even though he or she has ceased to be a member of the Investigation Panel on the expiry of his or her term of office, continue to be a member of the Investigation Committee until the Investigation Committee has completed its work. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31
title: Powers and procedure of Investigation Committee
content:
31. —(1) For the purposes of any inquiry, an Investigation Committee may require any person — ( a ) to attend at a specified time and place and give evidence before the Investigation Committee; and ( b ) to produce all books, documents and papers in the custody, or under the control, of the person which may be related to or be connected with the subject matter of the inquiry. [28/2005] (2) Any person who, without lawful excuse — ( a ) refuses or fails to comply with any requirement of the Investigation Committee under subsection (1); or ( b ) refuses to answer or gives a false answer to any question put to the person by a member of the Investigation Committee, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [28/2005] (3) Subject to the rules, an Investigation Committee has the power to regulate its own procedure for an inquiry. [28/2005] (4) An Investigation Committee must complete its inquiry not later than 3 months from the date on which the matter to be inquired into is referred to it, unless the Board, on application of the Investigation Committee, allows otherwise. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31A
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31A
title: Findings of Investigation Committee
content:
31A. Upon due inquiry into any complaint or information, an Investigation Committee must report its findings to the Board and recommend to the Board to do any of the following: ( a ) order that the complaint or information be dismissed; ( b ) order that the registered architect be issued a letter of advice or a letter of warning; ( c ) order that a formal inquiry be held by a Disciplinary Committee; ( d ) make any other order that the Investigation Committee considers appropriate. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31B
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31B
title: Decision of Board
content:
31B. —(1) Upon receiving the findings and recommendation of an Investigation Committee, the Board may — ( a ) accept the recommendation and make the recommended order; ( b ) refer the matter back to the Investigation Committee for further inquiry; or ( c ) make any other order that the Board thinks fit. [28/2005] (2) The Board must not — ( a ) issue any letter of advice or letter of warning to a registered architect in accordance with the recommendation of the Investigation Committee under section 31A( b ); or ( b ) make any other order against the registered architect in accordance with the recommendation of the Investigation Committee under section 31A( d ), unless the Board is satisfied that the Investigation Committee had allowed the registered architect concerned an opportunity of being heard either personally or by counsel during the inquiry. [28/2005] (3) The Board must notify the person who made the complaint or gave the information (if any) of its decision. [28/2005] (4) A registered architect who is aggrieved by any advice or order of the Board, being an advice or order mentioned in section 31A( b ) or ( d ) may, within 30 days of being notified of the decision of the Board, appeal to the Minister whose decision is final. [28/2005] (5) Where the person who made the complaint or gave the information to the Board is dissatisfied with the decision of the Board under section 31A( a ), ( b ) or ( d ), the person may, within 30 days of being notified of the decision of the Board, appeal to the Minister whose decision is final. [28/2005] (6) The Minister may, in relation to an appeal under subsection (4) or (5), make — ( a ) an order affirming the decision of the Board; ( b ) an order directing a formal inquiry to be held by a Disciplinary Committee; or ( c ) any other order that the Minister thinks fit. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31C
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31C
title: Appointment of Disciplinary Committee
content:
31C. —(1) The Board may appoint one or more Disciplinary Committees to formally inquire into — ( a ) any complaint or information in respect of which the Board or the Minister has, under section 31B, ordered that a formal inquiry be held by a Disciplinary Committee; or ( b ) any matter referred to the Board under section 29(6)( b ). [28/2005] (2) A Disciplinary Committee must comprise at least 3 registered architects of at least 10 years’ standing, of whom at least 2 must be members of the Board. [28/2005] (3) A Disciplinary Committee may be appointed in connection with one or more matters or for a fixed period of time, as the Board thinks fit. [28/2005] (4) The chairperson or a member of an Investigation Committee which inquired into any complaint or information must not be a member of a Disciplinary Committee inquiring into the same matter. [28/2005] (5) The Board must appoint a member of a Disciplinary Committee to be the chairperson of the Disciplinary Committee. [28/2005] (6) The Board may, at any time, revoke the appointment of any Disciplinary Committee or any member of a Disciplinary Committee, or fill any vacancy in a Disciplinary Committee. [28/2005] (7) No act done by or under the authority of a Disciplinary Committee is invalid because of any defect that is subsequently discovered in the appointment or qualification of the members or any of them. [28/2005] (8) A member of a Disciplinary Committee must, even though he or she has ceased to be a member of the Board on the expiry of his or her term of office, continue to be a member of the Disciplinary Committee until the Disciplinary Committee has completed its work. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31D
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31D
title: Observer
content:
31D. —(1) The Board must appoint a member of the Investigation Panel who is an allied professional or a layperson as an observer of the proceedings of a Disciplinary Committee, except that the person appointed must not have assisted the Registrar in reviewing any complaint or information under section 29(4)( b ) or been a member of the Investigation Committee which had inquired into the same matter. [28/2005] (2) The observer must not vote on any question or matter to be decided by the Disciplinary Committee and need not be present at every meeting of the Disciplinary Committee. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31E
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31E
title: Architect to be notified of inquiry
content:
31E. —(1) Before a Disciplinary Committee commences its formal inquiry into any complaint or information referred to it, the Registrar must serve on the registered architect concerned a notice of the formal inquiry. [28/2005] (2) An inquiry must not be fixed on a date earlier than 21 days after the date of the notice of inquiry except with the agreement of the registered architect. [28/2005] (3) On application to the Disciplinary Committee, the registered architect may request to postpone the formal inquiry, and the Disciplinary Committee may grant the application and postpone the formal inquiry to a date that it may determine, or refuse the application. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31F
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31F
title: Powers and procedure of Disciplinary Committee
content:
31F. —(1) For the purposes of a formal inquiry, a Disciplinary Committee may require any person — ( a ) to attend at a specified time and place and give evidence before the Disciplinary Committee; and ( b ) to produce all books, documents and papers in the custody, or under the control, of the person which may be related to or be connected with the subject matter of the formal inquiry. [28/2005] (2) Any person who, without lawful excuse — ( a ) refuses or fails to comply with any requirement of the Disciplinary Committee under subsection (1); or ( b ) refuses to answer or gives a false answer to any question put to the person by a member of the Disciplinary Committee, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [28/2005] (3) The Disciplinary Committee — ( a ) is not bound to act in any formal manner and is not bound by the provisions of the Evidence Act 1893 or by any other written law relating to evidence, but may inform itself on any matter in any manner that it thinks fit; ( b ) may administer an oath or affirmation to any person giving evidence before it; and ( c ) may, subject to the rules, regulate its own procedure for a formal inquiry. [28/2005] (4) Any party to the proceedings before a Disciplinary Committee may take out subpoenas to testify or to produce documents, and the subpoenas must be served and may be enforced as if they were orders to attend court or orders to produce documents issued in connection with a civil action in the General Division of the High Court. [42/2005; 40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (5) Any person giving evidence before a Disciplinary Committee is legally bound to tell the truth. [28/2005] (6) Persons giving evidence in a formal inquiry have the same privileges and immunities in relation to an inquiry as if it were a proceeding in a court of law. [28/2005] (7) The Board may appoint an advocate and solicitor for the purpose of a formal inquiry (whether to prosecute the complaint or to act as a legal advisor to the Disciplinary Committee) and pay to the advocate and solicitor, as part of the expenses of the Board, any remuneration that the Board may determine. [28/2005] (8) A Disciplinary Committee must complete its inquiry not later than 6 months from the date of its appointment, unless the Board, on application of the Disciplinary Committee, allows otherwise. [28/2005] (9) In sections 172 to 175, 177, 179, 182 and 228 of the Penal Code 1871, “public servant” is deemed to include a member of a Disciplinary Committee holding a formal inquiry, and in sections 193 and 228 of the Penal Code 1871, “judicial proceeding” is deemed to include such a formal inquiry. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31G
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31G
title: Findings of Disciplinary Committee
content:
31G. —(1) Where, upon due inquiry into a complaint or matter, a Disciplinary Committee is satisfied that the registered architect concerned — ( a ) has been convicted of any offence involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude, or any defect in character which makes him or her unfit for his or her profession; ( b ) has been guilty of such improper act or conduct which, in the opinion of the Disciplinary Committee, brings disrepute to his or her profession; ( c ) has contravened any provision of the prescribed code of professional conduct and ethics; ( d ) is no longer in a position to carry out the duties of a registered architect effectively in Singapore; or ( e ) while being a director, a manager or an employee of a licensed corporation, or a partner, a manager or an employee of a licensed partnership or limited liability partnership, had failed to take reasonable steps to prevent the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership from acting in a manner (other than as described in section 26A(1)( f )) which would warrant the Board revoking any licence granted to the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership or imposing a penalty under section 26A(2), the Disciplinary Committee may exercise one or more of the powers mentioned in subsection (2). [28/2005; 20/2017] (2) The powers that the Disciplinary Committee may exercise for the purposes of subsection (1) are as follows: ( a ) by order direct the Registrar to remove the name of the registered architect from the register of architects; ( b ) by order suspend the registered architect from practice for a period of not more than 2 years; ( c ) by order impose on the registered architect a penalty not exceeding $50,000; ( d ) by writing censure the registered architect; or ( e ) make any other order that the Disciplinary Committee thinks fit. [28/2005; 20/2017] (3) In addition to its powers under subsection (2), the Disciplinary Committee may order the registered architect concerned to pay to the Board a sum, not exceeding $10,000, that the Disciplinary Committee thinks fit in respect of the costs and expenses of and incidental to any proceedings against him or her under this Part. [28/2005] (4) Where the Disciplinary Committee finds that the registered architect has not been convicted or guilty of any of the matters mentioned in subsection (1)( a ) to ( e ), the Disciplinary Committee must order that the complaint or information be dismissed. [28/2005] (5) The costs and expenses mentioned in subsection (3) include — ( a ) the costs and expenses of any advocate and solicitor appointed by the Board for proceedings before the Disciplinary Committee; ( b ) any reasonable expenses that the Board may pay to witnesses; and ( c ) any reasonable expenses that are necessary for the conduct of proceedings before the Disciplinary Committee, and the General Division of the High Court has jurisdiction to tax those costs and any such order for costs is enforceable as if it were made in connection with a civil action in the General Division of the High Court. [28/2005; 40/2019] (6) The Registrar must serve on the registered architect concerned a notice of the order made by the Disciplinary Committee. [28/2005] (7) Subject to subsection (8), an order mentioned in subsection (2) does not take effect until the expiry of 30 days after the order is made. [28/2005] (8) On making an order mentioned in subsection (2)( a ) or ( b ), the Disciplinary Committee, if satisfied that removing the name of the registered architect concerned from the register of architects or suspending him or her from practice (as the case may be) is necessary for the protection of members of the public or would be in the best interests of the registered architect, may order that the Registrar immediately remove his or her name from the register or suspend him or her from practice, as the case may be. [28/2005] (9) An order under subsection (8) takes effect from the time the order is made. [28/2005] (10) While any order of suspension from practice made under subsection (2)( b ) remains in force, the person to whom the order applies is not, for the purposes of this Act, to be regarded as having in force a practising certificate, but immediately on the expiry or annulment of such order, his or her privileges under this Act are revived as from the date of expiry or annulment. [28/2005] (11) For the purposes of subsection (1)( e ), a registered architect is not to be deemed to have taken reasonable steps to prevent the doing of any act by a licensed corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership unless he or she satisfies the Disciplinary Committee that — ( a ) the act was done without his or her knowledge; ( b ) he or she was not in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership in relation to its action; or ( c ) he or she, being in that position, exercised all due diligence to prevent the corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership from so acting. [28/2005] (12) In this section, references to acts done by a licensed corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership include references to omissions to act and to a series of acts or omissions to act. [28/2005] (13) Every penalty imposed under an order by a Disciplinary Committee under subsection (2) is recoverable as a debt due to the Board. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31H
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31H
title: Appeal against order by Disciplinary Committee
content:
31H. —(1) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the Disciplinary Committee mentioned in section 31G(2), (3) or (4) may, within 30 days after the notice of the order is served on the person, appeal to the General Division of the High Court against the order. [28/2005; 40/2019] (2) There is no appeal from the decision of the General Division of the High Court. [28/2005; 40/2019] (3) In any appeal to the General Division of the High Court against a decision mentioned in section 31G(2), (3) or (4), the General Division of the High Court is to accept as final and conclusive any finding of the Disciplinary Committee relating to any issue of ethics or standards of professional conduct unless such finding is in the opinion of the General Division of the High Court unsafe, unreasonable or contrary to the evidence. [28/2005; 40/2019] (4) Despite anything in section 31G, where a person has appealed to the General Division of the High Court against an order mentioned in section 31G(2) or (3), the order does not take effect unless the order is confirmed by the General Division of the High Court or the appeal is for any reason dismissed by the General Division of the High Court or withdrawn. [28/2005; 40/2019]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31I
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31I
title: Conviction final and conclusive
content:
31I. In any proceedings under this Part in relation to the conviction of a registered architect for a criminal offence, the Minister, the Board, an Investigation Committee, a Disciplinary Committee, and the General Division of the High Court on appeal from any order of a Disciplinary Committee, must accept his or her conviction as final and conclusive. [28/2005; 40/2019]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31J
chapter: PART 7 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS
section: 31J
title: Service of documents
content:
31J. Any notice, order or document required or authorised to be served under this Part is deemed to be sufficiently served — ( a ) by delivering a copy thereof personally or by leaving it with some adult person at the last known place of residence or business of the person on whom it is to be served; or ( b ) by sending it by registered post addressed to the person on whom the notice is to be served at the person’s address as stated in the appropriate register. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s31K
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 31K
title: Investigators
content:
31K. —(1) The Board may, in writing, appoint a member or an employee of the Board, a public officer or any other person as an investigator, subject to any conditions and limitations that the Board may specify, to investigate the commission of an offence under this Act. [20/2017] (2) An investigator may, for the purposes of subsection (1) — ( a ) by order in writing require any person — (i) to provide any information within the person’s knowledge; (ii) to produce any document or other record, or any article or thing which may be in the person’s custody or possession and which may be related to or be connected with the subject matter of the investigation for inspection by the investigator and for making copies, or to provide copies, of such document or other record; and (iii) if necessary, to attend at a specified time and place for the purpose of complying with sub‑paragraph (i) or (ii); ( b ) by written order require the attendance before the investigator of any person who, from any information given or otherwise, appears to be acquainted with the facts and circumstances of the matter under investigation; and ( c ) examine orally any person apparently acquainted with the facts and circumstances of the matter under investigation, and to reduce into writing the answer given or statement made by that person who is bound to state truly the facts and circumstances with which the person is acquainted, and the statement made by that person must be read over to the person and must, after correction, be signed by the person. [20/2017] (3) An investigator may apply to a Magistrate for a search warrant relating to any premises if the investigator has reasonable cause to believe that evidence of the commission of an offence under this Act can be found in the premises. [20/2017] (4) The Magistrate may issue a search warrant if satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to do so. [20/2017] (5) A search warrant issued under subsection (4) authorises the investigator to whom it is directed to enter and search the premises referred to in the warrant and to do all or any of the following: ( a ) inspect and make copies of, and take extracts from, or require the person or the person having the management or control of the premises to provide copies of or extracts from, any document, record or electronic material relating to the affairs of the premises or services provided at the premises; ( b ) take any photographs or video recording that the investigator thinks necessary to record the premises or part of the premises, including any instrument, article, document or record found on the premises; ( c ) seize and remove from the premises any record, document, or any other material which the investigator reasonably believes to be the subject matter of, or to be connected with, an investigation under subsection (1). [20/2017] (6) Any person who — ( a ) intentionally offers any resistance to or wilfully delays an investigator in the exercise of any power under subsection (2) or pursuant to a search warrant issued under subsection (4); or ( b ) fails to comply with any requisition or order of an investigator under subsection (2), shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s32
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 32
title: Application of fees received by Board
content:
32. —(1) All fees payable under this Act must be paid to the Board to be applied — ( a ) first, to defraying expenses of registration and other expenses of the administration of this Act, including any expenses of the Board that may be allowed under any rules; and ( b ) thereafter, to providing scholarships and the promotion of learning and education in connection with architecture. (2) The Registrar must take and receive all moneys payable to the Board under this Act. (3) All fees and other moneys payable to the Board under this Act must be paid forthwith into a bank account approved by the Board. (4) The Board may invest its moneys in accordance with the standard investment power of statutory bodies as defined in section 33A of the Interpretation Act 1965. [45/2004] 33. [ Repealed by Act 28 of 2005 ]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s34
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 34
title: Penalty for wilful falsification of register and wrongfully procuring registration, etc.
content:
34. Any person who — ( a ) wilfully makes or causes to be made any false entry in or any falsification of any register kept and maintained under this Act; ( b ) wilfully procures or attempts to procure — (i) for any corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership a licence; or (ii) for himself or herself or any other person a practising certificate or to be registered as an architect under this Act, by making or producing or causing to be made or produced any false or fraudulent representation or declaration, either verbally or in writing, or by intentionally suppressing any material fact and providing information which is misleading; or ( c ) knowingly aids or assists in any of the acts mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ), shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s35
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 35
title: Offences by corporations
content:
35. —(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that — ( a ) an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and ( b ) the officer, employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the corporation had that state of mind. [20/2017] (2) Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, a person — ( a ) who is — (i) an officer of the corporation; or (ii) an individual involved in the management of the corporation and is in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation in relation to the commission of the offence; and ( b ) who — (i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the corporation; or (iii) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the corporation (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of that same offence as is the corporation, and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. [20/2017] (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the corporation if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the corporation would bear. [20/2017] (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of — ( a ) Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or ( b ) the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. [20/2017] (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of the corporation for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the corporation is convicted of the offence. [20/2017] (6) In this section — “corporation” includes a limited liability partnership within the meaning of section 2(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005; “officer”, in relation to a corporation, means any director, partner, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, and includes — ( a ) any person purporting to act in any such capacity; and ( b ) for a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members, any of those members as if the member is a director of the corporation; “state of mind” of a person includes — ( a ) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and ( b ) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s35A
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 35A
title: Offences by unincorporated associations or partnerships
content:
35A. —(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that — ( a ) an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or the partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and ( b ) the employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership had that state of mind. [20/2017] (2) Where an unincorporated association or a partnership commits an offence under this Act, a person — ( a ) who is — (i) an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body; (ii) a partner in the partnership; or (iii) an individual involved in the management of the unincorporated association or partnership and who is in a position to influence the conduct of the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) in relation to the commission of the offence; and ( b ) who — (i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership; or (iii) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of the same offence as is the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be), and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. [20/2017] (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the unincorporated association or partnership if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the unincorporated association or partnership would bear. [20/2017] (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of — ( a ) Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or ( b ) the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. [20/2017] (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of the unincorporated association or partnership for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the unincorporated association or partnership is convicted of the offence. [20/2017] (6) In this section — “officer”, in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, and includes — ( a ) any person holding a position analogous to that of president, secretary or member of a committee of the unincorporated association; and ( b ) any person purporting to act in any such capacity; “partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner; “state of mind” of a person includes — ( a ) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and ( b ) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose. [20/2017]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s36
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 36
title: Exemption
content:
36. —(1) The Minister may, by order and subject to any conditions that the Minister thinks fit, exempt any person or class of persons from all or any of the provisions of this Act. (2) Any order made under this section must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette .


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s37
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 37
title: No action in absence of bad faith or malice
content:
37. No action or proceedings shall lie against the Board, any committee appointed by the Board under this Act, or any member thereof for any act or thing done under this Act unless it is proved to the court that the act or thing was done in bad faith or with malice. [28/2005]


document_id: aa-1991
provision_ref: s38
chapter: PART 8 - GENERAL
section: 38
title: Rules
content:
38. —(1) The Board may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act and for any matter which is required under this Act to be prescribed. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Board may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules — ( a ) prescribing forms of applications under this Act and certificates of registration, practising certificates and licences; ( b ) prescribing the fees payable under this Act; ( c ) prescribing the subject matter of examinations to be conducted by or under the direction of the Board in the case of any applicant or class of applicants for registration; ( d ) prescribing the form in which any register kept and maintained under section 8(1) is to be kept and the particulars to be entered therein; ( e ) prescribing a code of professional conduct and ethics; ( f ) requiring all or any of the following to take out and maintain insurance against liability for breach of professional duty in the course of supplying architectural services: (i) any partnership consisting wholly of registered architects; (ii) any partnership or unlimited corporation applying for a licence; (iii) any registered architect applying for a practising certificate for the purpose of engaging in the practice of architecture on his or her own account; (iv) any registered architect applying for a practising certificate who is employed or about to be employed by any person or body referred to in sub‑paragraphs (i) to (iii); (v) any other registered architect applying for a practising certificate; ( g ) prescribing the terms and conditions of insurance against professional liability under this Act or its rules, including a minimum limit of indemnity; and ( h ) generally providing for any other matters that may be necessary or expedient for carrying out the provisions of this Act. [20/2017] (3) All rules made under this section must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette .


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “appellate court” means the court to which an appeal from a decision of the Court is to be made under section 29C of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969; “appointing authority” means the appointing authority designated under section 13(8) or (9); “arbitral tribunal” means a sole arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators or an arbitral institution, and includes an emergency arbitrator appointed pursuant to the rules of arbitration agreed to or adopted by the parties including the rules of arbitration of an institution or organisation; “arbitration agreement” means an arbitration agreement mentioned in section 4; “award” means a decision of the arbitral tribunal on the substance of the dispute and includes any interim, interlocutory or partial award but excludes any order or direction made under section 28; “Court” means the General Division of the High Court; “court”, in sections 6, 7, 8, 11(1), 55, 56 and 57, means the Court, a District Court, a Magistrate’s Court or any other court in which the proceedings mentioned in those sections are instituted or heard; “party” means a party to an arbitration agreement or, in any case where an arbitration does not involve all of the parties to the arbitration agreement, means a party to the arbitration; “the place of the arbitration” means the juridical seat of the arbitration designated by — ( a ) the parties to the arbitration agreement; ( b ) any arbitral or other institution or person authorised by the parties for that purpose; or ( c ) the arbitral tribunal as authorised by the parties, or determined, in the absence of such designation, having regard to the arbitration agreement and all the relevant circumstances. [26/2009; 12/2012; 40/2019] (2) Where any provision in this Act allows the parties to determine any issue, the parties may authorise a third party, including an arbitral institution, to make that determination. (3) Where any provision in this Act refers to the fact that the parties have agreed or that they may agree or in any other way refers to an agreement of the parties, such agreement includes any arbitration rules incorporated in that agreement. (4) Where any provision in this Act refers to a claim, it also applies to a cross‑claim or counterclaim, and where such provision refers to a defence, it also applies to a defence to such cross‑claim or counterclaim.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 3
title: Application of this Act
content:
3. This Act applies to any arbitration where the place of arbitration is Singapore and where Part 2 of the International Arbitration Act 1994 does not apply to that arbitration.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
section: 4
title: Definition and form of arbitration agreement
content:
4. —(1) In this Act, “arbitration agreement” means an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not. [12/2012] (2) An arbitration agreement may be in the form of an arbitration clause in a contract or in the form of a separate agreement. [12/2012] (3) An arbitration agreement must be in writing. [12/2012] (4) An arbitration agreement is in writing if its content is recorded in any form, whether or not the arbitration agreement or contract has been concluded orally, by conduct or by other means. [12/2012] (5) The requirement that an arbitration agreement must be in writing is satisfied by an electronic communication if the information contained in the electronic communication is accessible so as to be useable for subsequent reference. [12/2012] (6) Where in any arbitral or legal proceedings, a party asserts the existence of an arbitration agreement in a pleading, statement of case or any other document in circumstances in which the assertion calls for a reply and the assertion is not denied, there is deemed to be an effective arbitration agreement as between the parties to the proceedings. [12/2012] (7) A reference in a contract to any document containing an arbitration clause is to constitute an arbitration agreement in writing if the reference is such as to make that clause part of the contract. [12/2012] (8) A reference in a bill of lading to a charterparty or other document containing an arbitration clause is to constitute an arbitration agreement in writing if the reference is such as to make that clause part of the bill of lading. [12/2012] (9) In this section — “data message” means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or similar means, including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy; “electronic communication” means any communication that the parties make by means of data messages. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - ARBITRATION AGREEMENT
section: 5
title: Arbitration agreement not to be discharged by death of party
content:
5. —(1) An arbitration agreement is not discharged by the death of any party to the agreement but continues to be enforceable by or against the personal representative of the deceased party. (2) The authority of an arbitrator is not revoked by the death of any party by whom the arbitrator was appointed. (3) Nothing in this section affects the operation of any written law or rule of law by virtue of which any right of action is extinguished by the death of a person.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 4 - COMMENCEMENT OF ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 9
title: Commencement of arbitral proceedings
content:
9. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral proceedings in respect of a particular dispute commence on the date on which a request for that dispute to be referred to arbitration is received by the respondent. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 4 - COMMENCEMENT OF ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 10
title: Powers of Court to extend time for beginning of arbitral proceedings
content:
10. —(1) Where the terms of an arbitration agreement to refer future disputes to arbitration provide that a claim to which the arbitration agreement applies is barred unless — ( a ) some step has been taken to begin other dispute resolution procedures which must be exhausted before arbitral proceedings can be begun; ( b ) notice to appoint an arbitrator is given; ( c ) an arbitrator is appointed; or ( d ) some other step is taken to commence arbitral proceedings, within a time fixed by the agreement and a dispute to which the agreement applies has arisen, the Court may, if it is of the opinion that in the circumstances of the case undue hardship would otherwise be caused, extend the time for such period and on such terms as the Court thinks fit. [12/2012] (2) An order of extension of time made by the Court under subsection (1) — ( a ) may be made only after any available arbitral process for obtaining an extension of time has been exhausted; ( b ) may be made even though the time so fixed has expired; and ( c ) does not affect the operation of section 9 or 11 or any other written law relating to the limitation of actions.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 4 - COMMENCEMENT OF ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 11
title: Application of Limitation Act 1959 and Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012
content:
11. —(1) The Limitation Act 1959 and the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012 apply to arbitral proceedings as they apply to proceedings before any court and any reference in both Acts to the commencement of proceedings is to be construed as a reference to the commencement of arbitral proceedings. [13/2012] (2) The Court may order that in computing the time prescribed by the Limitation Act 1959 or the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012 for the commencement of proceedings (including arbitral proceedings) in respect of a dispute which was the subject matter of — ( a ) an award which the Court orders to be set aside or declares to be of no effect; or ( b ) the affected part of an award which the Court orders to be set aside in part or declares to be in part of no effect, the period between the commencement of the arbitration and the date of the order referred to in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ) is to be excluded. [13/2012] (3) Despite any term in an arbitration agreement to the effect that no cause of action is to accrue in respect of any matter required by the agreement to be referred until an award is made under the agreement, the cause of action is deemed, for the purposes of the Limitation Act 1959 and the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012, to have accrued in respect of any such matter at the time when it would have accrued but for that term in the agreement. [13/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 12
title: Number of arbitrators
content:
12. —(1) The parties are free to determine the number of arbitrators. (2) Failing such determination, there is to be a single arbitrator.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 13
title: Appointment of arbitrators
content:
13. —(1) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, no person is precluded by reason of his or her nationality from acting as an arbitrator. (2) The parties are free to agree on a procedure for appointing the arbitrator or arbitrators. (3) Where the parties fail to agree on a procedure for appointing the arbitrator or arbitrators — ( a ) in an arbitration with 3 arbitrators, each party must appoint one arbitrator, and the parties must by agreement appoint the third arbitrator; or ( b ) in an arbitration with a sole arbitrator, if the parties are unable to agree on the arbitrator, the arbitrator must be appointed, upon the request of a party, by the appointing authority. (4) Where subsection (3)( a ) applies — ( a ) if a party fails to appoint an arbitrator within 30 days of receipt of a first request to do so from the other party; or ( b ) if the 2 parties fail to agree on the appointment of the third arbitrator within 30 days of the receipt of the first request by either party to do so, the appointment is to be made, upon the request of a party, by the appointing authority. (5) If, under an appointment procedure agreed upon by the parties — ( a ) a party fails to act as required under the procedure; ( b ) the parties are unable to reach an agreement expected of them under the procedure; or ( c ) a third party, including an arbitral institution, fails to perform any function entrusted to it under the procedure, any party may apply to the appointing authority to take the necessary measure unless the agreement on the appointment procedure provides other means for securing the appointment. (6) Where a party makes a request or makes an application to the appointing authority under subsection (3), (4) or (5), the appointing authority must, in appointing an arbitrator, have regard to the following: ( a ) the nature of the subject matter of the arbitration; ( b ) the availability of any arbitrator; ( c ) the identities of the parties to the arbitration; ( d ) any suggestion made by any of the parties regarding the appointment of any arbitrator; ( e ) any qualifications required of the arbitrator by the arbitration agreement; ( f ) any considerations that are likely to secure the appointment of an independent and impartial arbitrator. (7) No appointment by the appointing authority may be challenged except in accordance with this Act. (8) For the purposes of this Act, the appointing authority is the president of the Court of Arbitration of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre. [16/2016] (9) The Chief Justice may, if he or she thinks fit, appoint any other person to exercise the powers of the appointing authority under this section. [Act 5 of 2025 wef 09/03/2025] (10) An appointment under subsection (9) must be published in the Gazette . [Act 5 of 2025 wef 09/03/2025]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 14
title: Grounds for challenge
content:
14. —(1) Where any person is approached in connection with his or her possible appointment as an arbitrator, that person must disclose any circumstance likely to give rise to justifiable doubts as to his or her impartiality or independence. (2) An arbitrator must, from the time of his or her appointment and throughout the arbitral proceedings, disclose without delay any circumstance mentioned in subsection (1) to the parties unless they have already been so informed by him or her. [12/2012] (3) Subject to subsection (4), an arbitrator may be challenged only if — ( a ) circumstances exist that give rise to justifiable doubts as to his or her impartiality or independence; or ( b ) he or she does not possess the qualifications agreed to by the parties. (4) A party who has appointed or participated in the appointment of any arbitrator may challenge the arbitrator only if the party becomes aware of any of the grounds of challenge set out in subsection (3) as may be applicable to the arbitrator after the arbitrator has been appointed.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 15
title: Challenge procedure
content:
15. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), the parties are free to agree on a procedure for challenging an arbitrator. (2) If the parties have not agreed on a procedure for challenge, a party who intends to challenge an arbitrator must — ( a ) within 15 days after becoming aware of the constitution of the arbitral tribunal; or ( b ) after becoming aware of any circumstance mentioned in section 14(3), send a written statement of the grounds for the challenge to the arbitral tribunal. (3) The arbitral tribunal must, unless the challenged arbitrator withdraws from his or her office or the other party agrees to the challenge, decide on the challenge. (4) If a challenge before the arbitral tribunal is unsuccessful, the aggrieved party may, within 30 days after receiving notice of the decision rejecting the challenge, apply to the Court to decide on the challenge and the Court may make any order that it thinks fit. (5) No appeal shall lie against the decision of the Court under subsection (4). (6) While an application to the Court under subsection (4) is pending, the arbitral tribunal, including the challenged arbitrator, may continue the arbitral proceedings and make an award. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 16
title: Failure or impossibility to act
content:
16. —(1) A party may request the Court to remove an arbitrator — ( a ) who is physically or mentally incapable of conducting the proceedings or where there are justifiable doubts as to his or her capacity to do so; or ( b ) who has refused or failed — (i) to properly conduct the proceedings; or (ii) to use all reasonable despatch in conducting the proceedings or making an award, and where substantial injustice has been or will be caused to that party. (2) If there is an arbitral or other institution or person vested by the parties with power to remove an arbitrator, the Court is not to exercise its power of removal unless it is satisfied that the applicant has first exhausted any available recourse to that institution or person. (3) While an application to the Court under this section is pending, the arbitral tribunal, including the arbitrator concerned may continue the arbitral proceedings and make an award. [12/2012] (4) Where the Court removes an arbitrator, the Court may make any order that it thinks fit with respect to his or her entitlement (if any) to fees or expenses, or the repayment of any fees or expenses already paid. (5) The arbitrator concerned is entitled to appear and be heard by the Court before it makes any order under this section. (6) No appeal shall lie against the decision of the Court made under subsection (4).


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 17
title: Arbitrator ceasing to hold office
content:
17. —(1) The authority of an arbitrator ceases upon his or her death. (2) An arbitrator ceases to hold office if — ( a ) he or she withdraws from office under section 15(3); ( b ) an order is made under section 15(4) for the termination of his or her mandate or his or her removal; ( c ) he or she is removed by the Court under section 16 or by an institution mentioned in section 16(2); or ( d ) the parties agree on the termination of his or her mandate. (3) The withdrawal of an arbitrator or the termination of an arbitrator’s mandate by the parties does not imply acceptance of the validity of any ground mentioned in section 14(3) or 16(1).


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 18
title: Appointment of substitute arbitrator
content:
18. —(1) Where an arbitrator ceases to hold office, the parties are free to agree — ( a ) whether and if so how the vacancy is to be filled; ( b ) whether and if so to what extent the previous proceedings should stand; and ( c ) what effect (if any) his or her ceasing to hold office has on any appointment made by him or her (alone or jointly). (2) If or to the extent that there is no such agreement, the following subsections apply. (3) Section 13 (appointment of arbitrators) applies in relation to the filling of the vacancy as in relation to an original appointment. (4) The arbitral tribunal (when reconstituted) must determine whether and if so to what extent the previous proceedings should stand. (5) The reconstitution of the arbitral tribunal does not affect any right of a party to challenge the previous proceedings on any ground which had arisen before the arbitrator ceased to hold office. (6) The ceasing to hold office by the arbitrator does not affect any appointment by him or her (alone or jointly) of another arbitrator, in particular any appointment of a presiding arbitrator.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 19
title: Decision by panel of arbitrators
content:
19. —(1) In arbitral proceedings with more than one arbitrator, any decision of the arbitral tribunal must be made, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, by all or a majority of all its members. [12/2012] (2) Any question of procedure may be decided by a presiding arbitrator if so authorised by the parties or all members of the arbitral tribunal.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 5 - ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 20
title: Liability of arbitrator
content:
20. An arbitrator shall not be liable for — ( a ) negligence in respect of anything done or omitted to be done in the capacity of the arbitrator; or ( b ) any mistake of law, fact or procedure made in the course of arbitral proceedings or in the making of an arbitral award. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 6 - JURISDICTION OF ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 21
title:
Separability of arbitration clause and competence of arbitral tribunal to rule on its own jurisdiction

content:
21. —(1) The arbitral tribunal may rule on its own jurisdiction, including a plea that it has no jurisdiction and any objections to the existence or validity of the arbitration agreement, at any stage of the arbitral proceedings. [12/2012] (2) For the purpose of subsection (1), an arbitration clause which forms part of a contract is to be treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of the contract. (3) A decision by the arbitral tribunal that the contract is void does not entail ipso jure (as a matter of law) the invalidity of the arbitration clause. (4) A plea that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction must be raised not later than the submission of the statement of defence. (5) A party is not precluded from raising the plea that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction by the fact that the party has appointed, or participated in the appointment of, an arbitrator. (6) A plea that the arbitral tribunal is exceeding the scope of its authority must be raised as soon as the matter alleged to be beyond the scope of its authority is raised during the arbitral proceedings. [12/2012] (7) Despite any delay in raising a plea mentioned in subsection (4) or (6), the arbitral tribunal may admit the plea if it considers the delay to be justified in the circumstances. (8) The arbitral tribunal may rule on a plea mentioned in this section either as a preliminary question or in an award on the merits. (9) If the arbitral tribunal rules — ( a ) on a plea as a preliminary question that it has jurisdiction; or ( b ) on a plea at any stage of the arbitral proceedings that it has no jurisdiction, any party may, within 30 days after having received notice of that ruling, apply to the Court to decide the matter. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s21A
chapter: PART 6 - JURISDICTION OF ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
section: 21A
title: Appeal on ruling of jurisdiction
content:
21A. —(1) An appeal from the decision of the Court made under section 21 lies to the appellate court only with the permission of the appellate court. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) There is no appeal against a refusal for grant of permission of the appellate court. [12/2012; 40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (3) Where the Court, or the appellate court on appeal, decides that the arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction — ( a ) the arbitral tribunal must continue the arbitral proceedings and make an award; and ( b ) where any arbitrator is unable or unwilling to continue the arbitral proceedings, the mandate of that arbitrator terminates and a substitute arbitrator must be appointed in accordance with section 18. [12/2012; 40/2019] (4) In making a ruling or decision under this section or section 21 that the arbitral tribunal has no jurisdiction, the arbitral tribunal, the Court or the appellate court (as the case may be) may make an award or order of costs of the proceedings, including the arbitral proceedings (as the case may be), against any party. [12/2012; 40/2019] (5) Where an award of costs is made by the arbitral tribunal under subsection (4), section 39(1) applies with the necessary modifications. [12/2012] (6) Where an application is made pursuant to section 21 ― ( a ) such application does not operate as a stay of the arbitral proceedings or of enforcement of any award or order made in the arbitral proceedings unless the Court orders otherwise; and [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( b ) no intermediate act or proceeding is invalidated except so far as the Court may direct. [12/2012; 40/2019] (7) Where there is an appeal from the decision of the Court pursuant to subsection (1) — ( a ) such appeal does not operate as a stay of the arbitral proceedings or of enforcement of any award or order made in the arbitral proceedings unless the Court or the appellate court orders otherwise; and [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( b ) no intermediate act or proceeding is invalidated except so far as the appellate court may direct. [12/2012; 40/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 22
title: General duties of arbitral tribunal
content:
22. The arbitral tribunal must act fairly and impartially and must give each party a reasonable opportunity of presenting the party’s case.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 23
title: Determination of rules of procedure
content:
23. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the parties are free to agree on the procedure to be followed by the arbitral tribunal in conducting the proceedings. (2) Failing such agreement, the arbitral tribunal may, subject to the provisions of this Act, conduct the arbitration in any manner that it considers appropriate. (3) The power conferred on the arbitral tribunal under subsection (2) includes the power to determine the admissibility, relevance, materiality and weight of any evidence.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 24
title: Statements of claim and defence
content:
24. —(1) Within the period of time agreed by the parties or, failing such agreement, as determined by the arbitral tribunal, the claimant must state — ( a ) the facts supporting the claimant’s claim; ( b ) the points at issue; and ( c ) the relief or remedy sought, and the respondent must state the respondent’s defence in respect of the particulars set out in this subsection, unless the parties have otherwise agreed to the required elements of such statements. (2) The parties may submit to the arbitral tribunal with their statements, all documents they consider to be relevant or other documents which refer to those documents, or other evidence. (3) Except as otherwise agreed by the parties, either party may amend or supplement his, her or its claim or defence during the course of the arbitral proceedings, unless the arbitral tribunal considers it inappropriate to allow the amendment, having regard to the delay in making the amendment. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 25
title: Hearings and written proceedings
content:
25. —(1) Subject to any contrary agreement by the parties, the arbitral tribunal must determine if proceedings are to be conducted by oral hearing for the presentation of evidence or oral argument or on the basis of documents and other materials. (2) Unless the parties have agreed that no hearings are to be held, the arbitral tribunal must, upon the request of a party, hold such hearings at an appropriate stage of the proceedings. (3) The parties must be given sufficient notice in advance of any hearing and of any meeting of the arbitral tribunal for the purposes of inspection of goods, other property or documents. (4) All statements, documents or other information supplied to the arbitral tribunal by one party must be communicated to the other party. (5) Any expert report or evidentiary document on which the arbitral tribunal may rely in making its decision must be communicated to the parties.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 26
title: Consolidation of proceedings and concurrent hearings
content:
26. —(1) The parties may agree — ( a ) that the arbitral proceedings are to be consolidated with other arbitration proceedings; or ( b ) that concurrent hearings are to be held, on such terms as may be agreed. [12/2012] (2) Unless the parties agree to confer such power on the arbitral tribunal, the tribunal has no power to order consolidation of arbitral proceedings or concurrent hearings. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 27
title: Power to appoint experts
content:
27. —(1) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may — ( a ) appoint one or more experts to report to it on specific issues to be determined by the tribunal; and ( b ) require a party to give the expert any relevant information or to produce, or to provide access to, any relevant documents, goods or other property for the expert’s inspection. (2) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, if a party so requests or if the arbitral tribunal considers it necessary, the expert must, after delivery of the expert’s written or oral report, participate in a hearing where the parties have the opportunity to put questions to the expert and to present other expert witnesses in order to testify on the points at issue.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 28
title: General powers exercisable by arbitral tribunal
content:
28. —(1) The parties may agree on the powers which may be exercised by the arbitral tribunal for the purposes of and in relation to the arbitral proceedings. [12/2012] (2) Without affecting the powers conferred on the arbitral tribunal by the parties under subsection (1), the tribunal has powers to make orders or give directions to any party for — ( a ) security for costs; ( b ) discovery of documents and discovery of facts; [Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022] ( c ) giving of evidence by affidavit; ( d ) a party or witness to be examined on oath or affirmation, and may for that purpose administer any necessary oath or take any necessary affirmation; ( e ) the preservation and interim custody of any evidence for the purposes of the proceedings; ( f ) samples to be taken from, or any observation to be made of or experiment conducted upon, any property which is or forms part of the subject matter of the dispute; and ( g ) the preservation, interim custody or sale of any property which is or forms part of the subject matter of the dispute. (3) The power of the arbitral tribunal to order a claimant to provide security for costs as mentioned in subsection (2)( a ) must not be exercised by reason only that the claimant is — ( a ) an individual ordinarily resident outside Singapore; or ( b ) a corporation or an association incorporated or formed under the law of a country outside Singapore, or whose central management and control is exercised outside Singapore. (4) All orders or directions made or given by an arbitral tribunal in the course of an arbitration are, by permission of the Court, enforceable in the same manner as if they were orders made by the Court and, where permission is so given, judgment may be entered in terms of the order or direction. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 29
title: Powers of arbitral tribunal in case of party’s default
content:
29. —(1) The parties may agree on the powers which may be exercised by the arbitral tribunal in the case of a party’s failure to take any necessary action for the proper and expeditious conduct of the proceedings. (2) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, if, without showing sufficient cause — ( a ) the claimant fails to communicate the claimant’s statement of claim in accordance with section 24, the arbitral tribunal may terminate the proceedings; ( b ) the respondent fails to communicate the respondent’s statement of defence in accordance with section 24, the arbitral tribunal may continue the proceedings without treating the failure in itself as an admission of the claimant’s allegations; and ( c ) any party fails to appear at a hearing or to produce documentary evidence, the arbitral tribunal may continue the proceedings and make the award on the evidence before it. (3) If the arbitral tribunal is satisfied that there has been inordinate and inexcusable delay on the part of the claimant in pursuing the claimant’s claim, and the delay — ( a ) gives rise, or is likely to give rise, to a substantial risk that it is not possible to have a fair resolution of the issues in that claim; or ( b ) has caused, or is likely to cause, serious prejudice to the respondent, the tribunal may make an award dismissing the claim.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s30
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 30
title: Order to attend and order to produce documents
content:
30. —(1) Any party to an arbitration agreement may request for the issue of an order to attend or an order to produce documents. [42/2005] [Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022] (2) If a witness is in Singapore, the Court may order that — ( a ) an order to attend be issued to compel the witness to attend before an arbitral tribunal and give evidence; or ( b ) an order to produce documents be issued to compel the witness to attend before an arbitral tribunal and produce specified documents. [Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022] (3) The Court may also issue an order under section 38 of the Prisons Act 1933 to bring up a prisoner for examination before an arbitral tribunal. (4) A person must not be compelled under an order mentioned in subsection (1) or (2)( a ) or ( b ) to produce any document which the person could not be compelled to produce on the trial of an action. [42/2005] [Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022] [Act 31 of 2022 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s31
chapter: PART 7 - ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 31
title: Court’s powers exercisable in support of arbitral proceedings
content:
31. —(1) The Court has the following powers for the purpose of and in relation to an arbitration to which this Act applies: ( a ) the same power to make orders in respect of any of the matters set out in section 28 as it has for the purpose of and in relation to an action or matter in the Court; ( b ) securing the amount in dispute; ( c ) ensuring that any award which may be made in the arbitral proceedings is not rendered ineffectual by the dissipation of assets by a party; ( d ) an interim injunction or any other interim measure. [12/2012] (2) An order made by the Court under this section ceases to have effect in whole or in part (as the case may be) if the arbitral tribunal, or any arbitral or other institution or person having power to act in relation to the subject matter of the order, makes an order which expressly relates to the whole or part of that order of the Court. [26/2009] (3) The Court, in exercising any power under this section, is to have regard to — ( a ) any application made before the arbitral tribunal; or ( b ) any order made by the arbitral tribunal, in respect of the same issue. (4) Provision may be made by Rules of Court for conferring on the Registrar of the Supreme Court (within the meaning of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969) or other officer of the Court all or any of the jurisdiction conferred by this Act on the Court.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s32
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 32
title: Law applicable to substance of dispute
content:
32. —(1) The arbitral tribunal must decide the dispute in accordance with the law chosen by the parties as applicable to the substance of the dispute. (2) If or to the extent that the parties have not chosen the law applicable to the substance of their dispute, the arbitral tribunal must apply the law determined by the conflict of laws rules. (3) The arbitral tribunal may decide the dispute, if the parties so agree, in accordance with any other considerations that are agreed by them or determined by the tribunal.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s33
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 33
title: Awards made on different issues
content:
33. —(1) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may make more than one award at different points in time during the proceedings on different aspects of the matters to be determined. (2) The arbitral tribunal may, in particular, make an award relating to — ( a ) an issue affecting the whole claim; or ( b ) a part only of the claim, counterclaim or cross‑claim, which is submitted to the tribunal for decision. (3) If the arbitral tribunal makes an award under this section, it must specify in its award, the issue, or claim or part of a claim, which is the subject matter of the award.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s34
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 34
title: Remedies
content:
34. —(1) The parties may agree on the powers exercisable by the arbitral tribunal as regards remedies. (2) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may award any remedy or relief that could have been ordered by the Court if the dispute had been the subject of civil proceedings in that Court.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s35
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 35
title: Interest
content:
35. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may, in the arbitral proceedings before it, award simple or compound interest from such date, at such rate and with such rest as the arbitral tribunal considers appropriate, for any period ending not later than the date of payment on the whole or any part of — ( a ) any sum which is awarded by the arbitral tribunal in the arbitral proceedings; ( b ) any sum which is in issue in the arbitral proceedings but is paid before the date of the award; or ( c ) costs awarded or ordered by the arbitral tribunal in the arbitral proceedings. [12/2012] (2) Nothing in subsection (1) affects any other power of the arbitral tribunal to award interest. [12/2012] (3) Where an award directs a sum to be paid, that sum, unless the award otherwise directs, carries interest as from the date of the award and at the same rate as a judgment debt. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s36
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 36
title: Extension of time for making award
content:
36. —(1) Where the time for making an award is limited by the arbitration agreement, the Court may by order, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, extend that time. (2) An application for an order under this section may be made — ( a ) upon notice to the parties, by the arbitral tribunal; or ( b ) upon notice to the arbitral tribunal and the other parties, by any party to the proceedings. (3) An application under this section must not be made unless all available tribunal processes for application of extension of time have been exhausted. (4) The Court is not to make an order under this section unless it is satisfied that substantial injustice would otherwise be done. (5) The Court may extend the time for such period and on such terms as it thinks fit, and may do so whether or not the time previously fixed by or under the arbitration agreement or by a previous order has expired. (6) The permission of the appellate court is required for any appeal from a decision of the Court under this section. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s37
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 37
title: Award by consent
content:
37. —(1) If, during arbitral proceedings, the parties settle the dispute, the arbitral tribunal must terminate the proceedings and, if requested by the parties and not objected to by the arbitral tribunal, record the settlement in the form of an arbitral award on agreed terms. [12/2012] (2) An arbitral award on agreed terms — ( a ) must be made in accordance with section 38; ( b ) must state that it is an award; and ( c ) has the same status and effect as any other award on the merits of the case. (3) An award on agreed terms may, with the permission of the Court, be enforced in the same manner as a judgment or order to the same effect, and where permission is so given, judgment may be entered in terms of the award. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s38
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 38
title: Form and contents of award
content:
38. —(1) The award must be made in writing and must be signed — ( a ) in the case of a single arbitrator, by the arbitrator himself or herself; or ( b ) in the case of 2 or more arbitrators, by all the arbitrators or the majority of the arbitrators provided that the reason for any omitted signature of any arbitrator is stated. (2) The award must state the reasons upon which it is based, unless the parties have agreed that no grounds are to be stated or the award is an award on agreed terms under section 37. (3) The date of the award and place of arbitration must be stated in the award. (4) The award is deemed to have been made at the place of arbitration. (5) After the award is made, a copy of the award signed by the arbitrators in accordance with subsection (1) must be delivered to each party.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s39
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 39
title: Costs of arbitration
content:
39. —(1) Any costs directed by an award to be paid are, unless the award otherwise directs, to be assessed by the Registrar of the Supreme Court within the meaning of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) Subject to subsection (3), any provision in an arbitration agreement to the effect that the parties or any party must in any event pay their or his, her or its own costs of the reference or award or any part thereof is void; and this Act, in the case of an arbitration agreement containing any such provision, has effect as if there were no such provision. (3) Subsection (2) does not apply where a provision in an arbitration agreement to the effect that the parties or any party must in any event pay their or his, her or its own costs is part of an agreement to submit to arbitration a dispute which has arisen before the making of such agreement. (4) If no provision is made by an award with respect to the costs of the reference, any party to the reference may, within 14 days of the delivery of the award or any further time that the arbitral tribunal may allow, apply to the arbitral tribunal for an order directing by and to whom such costs must be paid. (5) The arbitral tribunal must, after giving the parties a reasonable opportunity to be heard, amend its award by adding to the award any directions that it thinks fit with respect to the payment of the costs of the reference.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s40
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 40
title: Fees of arbitrator
content:
40. —(1) The parties are jointly and severally liable to pay to the arbitrators any reasonable fees and expenses that are appropriate in the circumstances. (2) Unless the fees of the arbitral tribunal have been fixed by written agreement or such agreement has provided for determination of the fees by a person or institution agreed to by the parties, any party to the arbitration may require that the fees be assessed by the Registrar of the Supreme Court within the meaning of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s41
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 41
title: Power to withhold award in case of non-payment
content:
41. —(1) The arbitral tribunal may refuse to deliver an award to the parties if the parties have not made full payment of the fees and expenses of the arbitrators. (2) Where subsection (1) applies, a party to the arbitral proceedings may, upon notice to the other parties and the arbitral tribunal, apply to the Court, which may order that — ( a ) the arbitral tribunal must deliver the award upon payment into Court by the applicant of the fees and expenses demanded, or any lesser amount that the Court may specify; ( b ) the amount of the fees and expenses demanded are to be assessed by the Registrar of the Supreme Court; and [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( c ) out of the money paid into Court, the arbitral tribunal must be paid the fees and expenses that may be found to be properly payable and the balance of the money (if any) must be paid out to the applicant. [12/2012] (3) An assessment of fees under this section is to be reviewed in the same manner as an assessment of costs. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (4) The arbitrator is entitled to appear and be heard on any assessment or review of assessment under this section. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (5) For the purpose of this section, the amount of fees and expenses properly payable is the amount the applicant is liable to pay under section 40 or under any agreement relating to the payment of fees and expenses of the arbitrators. (6) No application to the Court may be made unless the Court is satisfied that the applicant has first exhausted any available arbitral process for appeal or review of the amount of the fees or expenses demanded by the arbitrators. (7) This section applies to any arbitral or other institution or person vested with powers by the parties in relation to the delivery of the award by the tribunal and any reference to the fees and expenses of the arbitrators is to be construed as including the fees and expenses of that institution or person. (8) The permission of the appellate court is required for any appeal from a decision of the Court under this section. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s42
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 42
title: Court may charge property with payment of solicitor’s costs in arbitration
content:
42. Section 117 of the Legal Profession Act 1966 (which empowers a Court in which a solicitor has been employed in any proceeding to charge property recovered or preserved in the proceeding with the payment of the solicitor’s costs) applies as if an arbitration were a proceeding in the Court, and the Court may make declarations and orders accordingly.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s43
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 43
title: Correction or interpretation of award and additional award
content:
43. —(1) A party may, within 30 days of the receipt of the award, unless another period of time has been agreed upon by the parties — ( a ) upon notice to the other parties, request the arbitral tribunal to correct in the award any error in computation, any clerical or typographical error, or other error of similar nature; and ( b ) upon notice to the other parties, request the arbitral tribunal to give an interpretation of a specific point or part of the award, if the request is also agreed to by the other parties. (2) If the arbitral tribunal considers the request in subsection (1) to be justified, the tribunal must make the correction or give the interpretation within 30 days of the receipt of the request and the interpretation forms part of the award. (3) The arbitral tribunal may correct any error of the type mentioned in subsection (1)( a ) or give an interpretation as mentioned in subsection (1)( b ), on its own initiative, within 30 days of the date of the award. (4) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, a party may, within 30 days of receipt of the award and upon notice to the other party, request the arbitral tribunal to make an additional award as to claims presented during the arbitral proceedings but omitted from the award. [12/2012] (5) If the arbitral tribunal considers the request in subsection (4) to be justified, the tribunal must make the additional award within 60 days of the receipt of the request. (6) The arbitral tribunal may, if necessary, extend the period of time within which it is to make a correction, interpretation or an additional award under this section. (7) Section 38 applies to an award in respect of which a correction or interpretation has been made under this section and to an additional award.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s44
chapter: PART 8 - AWARD
section: 44
title: Effect of award
content:
44. —(1) An award made by the arbitral tribunal pursuant to an arbitration agreement is final and binding on the parties and on any person claiming through or under them and may be relied upon by any of the parties by way of defence, set‑off or otherwise in any proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction. (2) Except as provided in section 43, upon an award being made, including an award made in accordance with section 33, the arbitral tribunal must not vary, amend, correct, review, add to or revoke the award. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), an award is made when it has been signed and delivered in accordance with section 38. (4) This section does not affect the right of a person to challenge the award by any available arbitral process of appeal or review or in accordance with the provisions of this Act.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s45
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 45
title: Determination of preliminary point of law
content:
45. —(1) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the Court may, on the application of a party to the arbitral proceedings who has given notice to the other parties, determine any question of law arising in the course of the proceedings which the Court is satisfied substantially affects the rights of one or more of the parties. [12/2012] (2) The Court is not to consider an application under this section unless — ( a ) it is made with the agreement of all parties to the proceedings; or ( b ) it is made with the permission of the arbitral tribunal and the Court is satisfied that — (i) the determination of the question is likely to produce substantial savings in costs; and (ii) the application is made without delay. (3) The application must identify the question of law to be determined and, except where made with the agreement of all parties to the proceedings, must state the grounds on which it is said that the question should be decided by the Court. (4) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal may continue the arbitral proceedings and make an award while an application to the Court under this section is pending. (5) Except with the permission of the appellate court, no appeal shall lie from a decision of the Court on whether the conditions in subsection (2) are met. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (6) The decision of the Court on a question of law is a judgment of the Court for the purposes of an appeal to the appellate court. [40/2019] (7) The appellate court may give permission to appeal against the decision of the Court in subsection (6) only if the question of law before it is one of general importance, or is one which for some other special reason should be considered by the appellate court. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s46
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 46
title: Enforcement of award
content:
46. —(1) An award made by the arbitral tribunal pursuant to an arbitration agreement may, with permission of the Court, be enforced in the same manner as a judgment or order of the Court to the same effect. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) Where permission of the Court is so granted, judgment may be entered in the terms of the award. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (3) Despite section 3, subsection (1) applies to an award irrespective of whether the place of arbitration is Singapore or elsewhere. [9/2003]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s47
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 47
title: No judicial review of award
content:
47. The Court does not have jurisdiction to confirm, vary, set aside or remit an award on an arbitration agreement except where so provided in this Act.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s48
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 48
title: Court may set aside award
content:
48. —(1) An award may be set aside by the Court — ( a ) if the party who applies to the Court to set aside the award proves to the satisfaction of the Court that — (i) a party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity; (ii) the arbitration agreement is not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it, or failing any indication thereon, under the laws of Singapore; (iii) the party making the application was not given proper notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedings or was otherwise unable to present the party’s case; (iv) the award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, or contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, except that, if the decisions on matters submitted to arbitration can be separated from those not so submitted, only that part of the award which contains decisions on matters not submitted to arbitration may be set aside; (v) the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure is not in accordance with the agreement of the parties, unless the agreement is contrary to any provisions of this Act from which the parties cannot derogate, or, in the absence of such agreement, is contrary to the provisions of this Act; (vi) the making of the award was induced or affected by fraud or corruption; (vii) a breach of the rules of natural justice occurred in connection with the making of the award by which the rights of any party have been prejudiced; or ( b ) if the Court finds that — (i) the subject matter of the dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under this Act; or (ii) the award is contrary to public policy. [12/2012] (2) An application for setting aside an award may not be made after the expiry of 3 months from the date on which the party making the application had received the award, or if a request has been made under section 43, from the date on which that request had been disposed of by the arbitral tribunal. (3) When a party applies to the Court to set aside an award under this section, the Court may, where appropriate and so requested by a party, suspend the proceedings for setting aside an award, for any period of time that it may determine, to allow the arbitral tribunal to resume the arbitral proceedings or take any other action that may eliminate the grounds for setting aside an award. [12/2012]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s49
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 49
title: Appeal against award
content:
49. —(1) A party to arbitral proceedings may (upon notice to the other parties and to the arbitral tribunal) appeal to the Court on a question of law arising out of an award made in the proceedings. [12/2012] (2) Despite subsection (1), the parties may agree to exclude the jurisdiction of the Court under this section and an agreement to dispense with reasons for the arbitral tribunal’s award is to be treated as an agreement to exclude the jurisdiction of the Court under this section. (3) An appeal must not be brought under this section except — ( a ) with the agreement of all the other parties to the proceedings; or ( b ) with the permission of the Court. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (4) The right to appeal under this section is subject to the restrictions in section 50. (5) Permission to appeal is to be given only if the Court is satisfied that — ( a ) the determination of the question will substantially affect the rights of one or more of the parties; ( b ) the question is one which the arbitral tribunal was asked to determine; ( c ) on the basis of the findings of fact in the award — (i) the decision of the arbitral tribunal on the question is obviously wrong; or (ii) the question is one of general public importance and the decision of the arbitral tribunal is at least open to serious doubt; and ( d ) despite the agreement of the parties to resolve the matter by arbitration, it is just and proper in all the circumstances for the Court to determine the question. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (6) An application for permission to appeal under this section must identify the question of law to be determined and state the grounds on which it is alleged that permission to appeal should be granted. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (7) The permission of the appellate court is required for any appeal from a decision of the Court under this section to grant or refuse permission to appeal. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (8) On an appeal under this section, the Court may by order — ( a ) confirm the award; ( b ) vary the award; ( c ) remit the award to the arbitral tribunal, in whole or in part, for reconsideration in the light of the Court’s determination; or ( d ) set aside the award in whole or in part. (9) The Court is not to exercise its power to set aside an award, in whole or in part, unless it is satisfied that it would be inappropriate to remit the matters in question to the arbitral tribunal for reconsideration. (10) The decision of the Court on an appeal under this section is to be treated as a judgment of the Court for the purposes of an appeal to the appellate court. [40/2019] (11) The appellate court may give permission to appeal against the decision of the Court in subsection (10) only if the question of law before it is one of general importance, or one which for some other special reason should be considered by the appellate court. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s50
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 50
title: Supplementary provisions to appeal under section 49
content:
50. —(1) This section applies to an application or appeal under section 49. (2) An application or appeal may not be brought if the applicant or appellant has not first exhausted — ( a ) any available arbitral process of appeal or review; and ( b ) any available recourse under section 43 (correction or interpretation of award and additional award). (3) Any application or appeal must be brought within 28 days of the date of the award or, if there has been any arbitral process of appeal or review, of the date when the applicant or appellant was notified of the result of that process. (4) If on an application or appeal it appears to the Court that the award — ( a ) does not contain the arbitral tribunal’s reasons; or ( b ) does not set out the arbitral tribunal’s reasons in sufficient detail to enable the Court to properly consider the application or appeal, the Court may order the arbitral tribunal to state the reasons for its award in sufficient detail for that purpose. (5) Where the Court makes an order under subsection (4), it may make any further order that it thinks fit with respect to any additional costs of the arbitration resulting from its order. (6) The Court may order the applicant or appellant to provide security for the costs of the application or appeal, and may direct that the application or appeal be dismissed if the order is not complied with. (7) The power to order security for costs must not be exercised by reason only that the applicant or appellant is — ( a ) an individual ordinarily resident outside Singapore; or ( b ) a corporation or association incorporated or formed under the law of a country outside Singapore or whose central management and control is exercised outside Singapore. (8) The Court may order that any money payable under the award must be brought into Court or otherwise secured pending the determination of the application or appeal, and may direct that the application or appeal be dismissed if the order is not complied with. (9) The Court may grant permission to appeal subject to conditions to the same or similar effect as an order under subsection (6) or (8) and this does not affect the general discretion of the Court to grant permission subject to conditions. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s51
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 51
title: Effect of order of Court upon appeal against award
content:
51. —(1) Where the Court makes an order under section 49 with respect to an award, subsections (2), (3) and (4) apply. (2) Where the award is varied by the Court, the variation has effect as part of the arbitral tribunal’s award. (3) Where the award is remitted to the arbitral tribunal, in whole or in part, for reconsideration, the tribunal must make a fresh award in respect of the matters remitted within 3 months of the date of the order for remission or any longer or shorter period that the Court may direct. (4) Where the award is set aside or declared to be of no effect, in whole or in part, the Court may also order that any provision that an award is a condition precedent to the bringing of legal proceedings in respect of a matter to which the arbitration agreement applies is of no effect as regards the subject matter of the award or (as the case may be) the relevant part of the award.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52
chapter: PART 9 - POWERS OF COURT IN RELATION TO AWARD
section: 52
title: Application for permission of Court, etc.
content:
52. —(1) An application for the permission of the Court or the appellate court to appeal or an application mentioned in section 21A(1), 36(6) or 49(3)( b ) or (7) must be made in the manner that may be prescribed in the Rules of Court. [12/2012; 40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) The Court is to determine an application for permission to appeal without a hearing unless it appears to the Court or the appellate court that a hearing is required. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (3) For the purposes of this section — ( a ) an application for permission of the Court may be heard and determined by a Judge sitting in chambers in the Court; and [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( b ) the appellate court has the like powers and jurisdiction on the hearing of such applications as the Court or any Judge sitting in chambers in the Court has on the hearing of such applications. [40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52A
chapter: PART 9A - ARBITRATIONS RELATING TO
section: 52A
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
52A. —(1) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “intellectual property right” or “IPR” means — ( a ) a patent; ( b ) a trade mark; ( c ) a geographical indication; ( d ) a registered design; ( e ) a copyright; ( f ) a right in a protected layout‑design of an integrated circuit; ( g ) a grant of protection in respect of a plant variety; ( h ) a right in confidential information, trade secret or know‑how; ( i ) a right to protect goodwill by way of passing off or similar action against unfair competition; or ( j ) any other intellectual property right of whatever nature. [23/2019] (2) In this Part, a reference to an IPR includes an application for the registration of an IPR if the IPR is protectable by registration. [23/2019] (3) In this Part, “IPR dispute” includes — ( a ) a dispute over the enforceability, infringement, subsistence, validity, ownership, scope, duration or any other aspect of an IPR; ( b ) a dispute over a transaction in respect of an IPR; and ( c ) a dispute over any compensation payable for an IPR. [23/2019] (4) In this section, “registration”, in relation to an IPR, includes the grant of the IPR. [23/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52B
chapter: PART 9A - ARBITRATIONS RELATING TO
section: 52B
title: IPR disputes may be arbitrated
content:
52B. —(1) The subject matter of an IPR dispute is capable of settlement by arbitration as between the parties to the IPR dispute. [23/2019] (2) Subsection (1) applies whether the IPR dispute is the main issue or an incidental issue in the arbitration. [23/2019] (3) An IPR dispute is not incapable of settlement by arbitration only because a law of Singapore or elsewhere — ( a ) gives jurisdiction to decide the IPR dispute to a specified entity; and ( b ) does not mention possible settlement of the IPR dispute by arbitration. [23/2019] (4) In subsection (3), “specified entity” means any of the following entities under the law of Singapore or elsewhere: ( a ) a court; ( b ) a tribunal; ( c ) a person holding an administrative or executive office; ( d ) any other entity. [23/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52C
chapter: PART 9A - ARBITRATIONS RELATING TO
section: 52C
title: Effect of award involving IPR
content:
52C. —(1) This section applies if an award deciding an IPR dispute is made in arbitral proceedings. [23/2019] (2) The fact that a person is a third‑party licensee or third‑party holder of a security interest in respect of the IPR does not of itself make the person a person claiming through or under a party to the arbitral proceedings for the purposes of section 44(1). [23/2019] (3) However, subsection (2) does not affect any right or liability between a third‑party licensee or third‑party holder of a security interest and a party to the arbitral proceedings whether — ( a ) arising in contract; or ( b ) arising by operation of law. [23/2019] (4) In this section — “third‑party holder of a security interest”, in relation to an IPR in dispute in arbitral proceedings, means a person who — ( a ) is a holder of a security interest in respect of the IPR granted by a party to the arbitral proceedings; but ( b ) is not a party to the arbitral proceedings; “third‑party licensee”, in relation to an IPR in dispute in arbitral proceedings, means a person who — ( a ) is a licensee (whether or not an exclusive licensee) of the IPR under a licence granted by a party to the arbitral proceedings; but ( b ) is not a party to the arbitral proceedings. [23/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52D
chapter: PART 9A - ARBITRATIONS RELATING TO
section: 52D
title: Setting aside award involving IPR
content:
52D. —(1) For the purposes of section 48(1)( b )(i), the subject matter of a dispute is not incapable of settlement by arbitration under this Act only because the subject matter relates to an IPR dispute. [23/2019] (2) For the purposes of section 48(1)( b )(ii), an award is not contrary to public policy only because the subject matter in respect of which the award is made relates to an IPR dispute. [23/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52E
chapter: PART 9A - ARBITRATIONS RELATING TO
section: 52E
title: Judgments entered in terms of award involving IPR
content:
52E. —(1) This section applies if — ( a ) an award deciding an IPR dispute is made in arbitral proceedings; and ( b ) a judgment in terms of the award is entered under section 46. [23/2019] (2) Section 44(1) applies in relation to the judgment as if the reference in that section to an award made by an arbitral tribunal pursuant to an arbitration agreement were a reference to the judgment. [23/2019] (3) In this section, “award” includes a declaratory award. [23/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s52F
chapter: PART 9A - ARBITRATIONS RELATING TO
section: 52F
title: Validity of patent may be put in issue in arbitral proceedings
content:
52F. Section 82(2) of the Patents Act 1994 does not prevent a party from putting the validity of a patent in issue in arbitral proceedings. [23/2019]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s53
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 53
title: Notice and other requirements in connection with legal proceedings
content:
53. —(1) References in this Act to an application, appeal or other step in relation to legal proceedings being taken upon notice to the other parties to the arbitral proceedings, or to the arbitral tribunal, are references to such notice of the originating process as is required by the Rules of Court. [12/2012] (2) Subject to any provision made by Rules of Court, a requirement to give notice to the arbitral tribunal of legal proceedings is to be construed — ( a ) if there is more than one arbitrator, as a requirement to give notice to each of them; and ( b ) if the arbitral tribunal is not fully constituted, as a requirement to give notice to any arbitrator who has been appointed. (3) References in this Act to making an application or appeal to the Court within a specified period are references to the issue within that period of the appropriate originating process in accordance with the Rules of Court. (4) Where any provision of this Act requires an application or appeal to be made to the Court within a specified time, the Rules of Court relating to the reckoning of periods, the extending or abridging of periods, and the consequences of not taking a step within the period prescribed by the Rules, apply in relation to that requirement. (5) Provision may be made by Rules of Court amending the provisions of this Act — ( a ) with respect to the time within which any application or appeal to the Court must be made; ( b ) so as to keep any provision made by this Act in relation to arbitral proceedings in step with the corresponding provision of the Rules of Court applying in relation to proceedings in the Court; or ( c ) so as to keep any provision made by this Act in relation to legal proceedings in step with the corresponding provision of the Rules of Court applying generally in relation to proceedings in the Court. (6) Nothing in this section affects the generality of the power of the Rules Committee to make Rules of Court.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s54
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 54
title: Powers of Court and Registrar
content:
54. Provision may be made by Rules of Court for conferring on the Registrar of the Supreme Court or other officer of the Court all or any of the jurisdiction conferred by this Act on the Court.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s55
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 55
title: Rules of Court
content:
55. The Rules Committee constituted under section 80 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 may make Rules of Court regulating the practice and procedure of any court in respect of any matter under this Act.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s56
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 56
title: Proceedings to be heard in private
content:
56. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in private. (2) Proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in open court if the court, on its own motion or upon the application of any person (including a person who is not a party to the proceedings), so orders. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s57
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 57
title: Restrictions on reporting of proceedings heard in private
content:
57. —(1) This section applies to proceedings under this Act in any court heard in private. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (2) A court hearing any proceedings to which this section applies is, on the application of any party to the proceedings, to give directions as to whether any and, if so, what information relating to the proceedings may be published. (3) A court is not to give a direction under subsection (2) permitting information to be published unless — ( a ) all parties to the proceedings agree that the information may be published; or ( b ) the court is satisfied that the information, if published in accordance with any directions that it may give, would not reveal any matter, including the identity of any party to the proceedings, that any party to the proceedings reasonably wishes to remain confidential. (4) Despite subsection (3), where a court gives grounds of decision for a judgment in respect of proceedings to which this section applies and considers that judgment to be of major legal interest, the court is to direct that reports of the judgment may be published in law reports and professional publications but, if any party to the proceedings reasonably wishes to conceal any matter, including the fact that the party was such a party, the court is to — ( a ) give directions as to the action that is to be taken to conceal that matter in those reports; and ( b ) if it considers that a report published in accordance with directions given under paragraph ( a ) would be likely to reveal that matter, direct that no report may be published until after the end of any period, not exceeding 10 years, that it considers appropriate. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s58
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 58
title: Application to references under statutory powers
content:
58. This Act applies in relation to every arbitration under any other written law (other than the International Arbitration Act 1994), as if the arbitration were commenced pursuant to an arbitration agreement, except insofar as this Act is inconsistent with that other written law.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s59
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 59
title: Immunity of arbitral institutions
content:
59. —(1) The appointing authority, or an arbitral or other institution or person designated or requested by the parties to appoint or nominate an arbitrator, shall not be liable for anything done or omitted in the discharge or purported discharge of that function unless the act or omission is shown to have been in bad faith. (2) The appointing authority, or an arbitral or other institution or person by whom an arbitrator is appointed or nominated, shall not be liable, by reason only of having appointed or nominated the arbitrator, for anything done or omitted by the arbitrator, the arbitrator’s employees or agents in the discharge or purported discharge of the arbitrator’s functions as arbitrator. (3) This section applies to an employee or agent of the appointing authority or of an arbitral or other institution or person as it applies to the appointing authority, institution or person.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s59A
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 59A
title: Authentication of awards and arbitration agreements
content:
59A. —(1) For the purposes of the enforcement of an award in any Convention country, the Minister may by order appoint such persons holding office in such arbitral institution or other organisation as the Minister may specify in the order, to authenticate any award or arbitration agreement or to certify copies thereof. [26/2009] (2) Any person appointed under subsection (1) — ( a ) must comply with any condition imposed by the Minister; and ( b ) must not, without the written consent of the parties, directly or indirectly disclose any matter, including the identity of any party to the award or arbitration agreement, to any third party. [26/2009] (3) An award or arbitration agreement or a copy thereof duly authenticated or certified by a person appointed under subsection (1) is deemed to have been authenticated or certified by a competent authority in Singapore for the purposes of enforcement in any Convention country. [26/2009] (4) To avoid doubt, nothing in this section — ( a ) prevents any person from authenticating any award or arbitration agreement or certifying copies thereof in any other manner or method or by any other person, institution or organisation; or ( b ) affects the right of a person to challenge or appeal against any award by any available arbitral process of appeal or review, or in accordance with the provisions of this Act. [26/2009] (5) In this section, “Convention country” has the meaning given by section 27(1) of the International Arbitration Act 1994. [26/2009]


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s60
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 60
title: Service of notices
content:
60. —(1) The parties are free to agree on the manner of service of any notice or other document required or authorised to be given or served in pursuance of the arbitration agreement or for the purposes of the arbitral proceedings. [12/2012] (2) If or to the extent that there is no such agreement as is mentioned in subsection (1), subsections (3) and (4) apply. (3) A notice or other document may be served on a person by any effective means. (4) If a notice or other document is addressed, prepaid and delivered by post — ( a ) to the addressee’s usual or last known place of residence or, if the addressee is or has been carrying on a trade, profession or business, the addressee’s usual or last known place of business; or ( b ) if the addressee is a body corporate, to the body corporate’s registered office, it is to be treated as effectively served. (5) This section does not apply to the service of documents for the purposes of legal proceedings, for which provision is made by Rules of Court. (6) References in this Part to a notice or other document include any form of communication in writing and references to giving or serving a notice or other document are to be construed accordingly.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s61
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 61
title: Reckoning periods of time
content:
61. —(1) The parties may agree on the method of reckoning periods of time for the purposes of — ( a ) any provision agreed by them; or ( b ) any provision of this Act having effect in default of the agreement. (2) If or to the extent that the parties have not agreed on the method of reckoning time, periods of time are to be reckoned in accordance with this section. (3) Where an act is required to be done within a specified period after or from a specified date, the period begins immediately after that date. (4) Where an act is required to be done within or not less than a specified period before a specified date, the period ends immediately before that date. (5) Where an act is required to be done a specified number of clear days after a specified date, at least that number of days must intervene between the day on which the act is done and that date. (6) Where the period in question (being a period of 7 days or less) would include a Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday, that day is to be excluded.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s62
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 62
title: Appointment of mediator
content:
62. —(1) In any case where an agreement provides for the appointment of a mediator by a person who is not one of the parties and that person refuses to make the appointment or does not make the appointment within the time specified in the agreement or, if no time is so specified, within a reasonable time of being requested by any party to the agreement to make the appointment, the Chairperson of the Singapore Mediation Centre may, on the application of any party to the agreement, appoint a mediator who is to have the like powers to act in the mediation proceedings as if he or she had been appointed in accordance with the terms of the agreement. (2) The Chief Justice may, if he or she thinks fit, appoint any other person to exercise the powers of the Chairperson of the Singapore Mediation Centre under subsection (1). [Act 5 of 2025 wef 09/03/2025] (2A) An appointment under subsection (2) must be published in the Gazette . [Act 5 of 2025 wef 09/03/2025] (3) Where an arbitration agreement provides for the appointment of a mediator and further provides that the person so appointed is to act as an arbitrator in the event of the mediation proceedings failing to produce a settlement acceptable to the parties — ( a ) no objection is to be taken to the appointment of that person as an arbitrator, or to that person’s conduct of the arbitral proceedings, solely on the ground that that person had acted previously as a mediator in connection with some or all of the matters referred to arbitration; and ( b ) if that person declines to act as an arbitrator, any other person appointed as an arbitrator is not required first to act as a mediator unless a contrary intention appears in the arbitration agreement. (4) Unless a contrary intention appears therein, an agreement which provides for the appointment of a mediator is deemed to contain a provision that in the event of the mediation proceedings failing to produce a settlement acceptable to the parties within 4 months, or any longer period that the parties may agree to, of the date of the appointment of the mediator or, where the mediator is appointed by name in the agreement, of the receipt by the mediator of written notification of the existence of a dispute, the mediation proceedings are to thereupon terminate.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s63
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 63
title: Power of arbitrator to act as mediator
content:
63. —(1) If all parties to any arbitral proceedings consent in writing and for so long as no party has withdrawn the party’s written consent, an arbitrator may act as a mediator. (2) An arbitrator acting as a mediator — ( a ) may communicate with the parties to the arbitral proceedings collectively or separately; and ( b ) must treat information obtained by him or her from a party to the arbitral proceedings as confidential, unless that party otherwise agrees or unless subsection (3) applies. [12/2012] (3) Where confidential information is obtained by an arbitrator from a party to the arbitral proceedings during mediation proceedings and those proceedings terminate without the parties reaching agreement in settlement of their dispute, the arbitrator must before resuming the arbitral proceedings disclose to all other parties to the arbitral proceedings as much of that information as he or she considers material to the arbitral proceedings. [12/2012] (4) No objection is to be taken to the conduct of arbitral proceedings by a person solely on the ground that that person had acted previously as a mediator in accordance with this section. [12/2012] (5) For the purposes of this section and section 62 — ( a ) any reference to a mediator includes a reference to any person who acts as a conciliator; ( b ) any reference to mediation proceedings includes a reference to conciliation proceedings.


document_id: aa-2001
provision_ref: s65
chapter: PART 10 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 65
title: Transitional provisions
content:
65. —(1) This Act applies to arbitration proceedings commenced on or after 1 March 2002 but the parties may in writing agree that this Act applies to arbitration proceedings commenced before that date. (2) Despite the repeal of the Arbitration Act (Cap. 10, 1985 Revised Edition), where the arbitration proceedings were commenced before 1 March 2002, the law governing the arbitration agreement and the arbitration is the law which would have applied if this Act had not been enacted. (3) Where an arbitration agreement made or entered into before 1 March 2002 provides for the appointment of an umpire or an arbitral tribunal comprising 2 arbitrators, the law to the extent that it governs the appointment, role and function of the umpire is the law which would have applied if this Act had not been enacted. (4) For the purposes of this section, arbitration proceedings are to be taken as having commenced on the date of the receipt by the respondent of a request for the dispute to be referred to arbitration, or, where the parties have agreed in writing that any other date is to be taken as the date of commencement of the arbitration proceedings, then on that date.


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “accounting corporation” means a company approved as an accounting corporation under section 17; “accounting firm” means a firm approved as an accounting firm under section 18; “accounting limited liability partnership” or “accounting LLP” means a limited liability partnership approved as an accounting limited liability partnership under section 18A; [ Deleted by Act 21 of 2024 wef 09/12/2024 ] “ACRA administered Act” means the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004 or any of the written laws specified in the Second Schedule to that Act; [Act 21 of 2024 wef 09/12/2024] “Authority” means the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority established under the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004; “Chairperson” means the Chairperson of the Oversight Committee; “company” has the meaning given by the Companies Act 1967; “Complaints and Disciplinary Panel” means the Complaints and Disciplinary Panel appointed under section 39; “Complaints Committee” means a Complaints Committee constituted under Part 6; “contact address”, in relation to an individual, means an address that meets all of the following conditions: ( a ) it is a physical address at which the individual can be physically found or contacted by post; ( b ) it is not a post office box number; ( c ) it is located in the same jurisdiction as the individual’s residential address; [Act 21 of 2024 wef 09/12/2024] “corporate practitioner” — ( a ) in relation to an accounting corporation, means a director or an employee of the corporation who is a public accountant and practising as such in that corporation; and ( b ) in relation to an accounting LLP, means a partner or an employee of the accounting LLP who is a public accountant and practising as such in the accounting LLP; “costs and expenses”, in relation to any proceedings under Part 6, includes — ( a ) the costs and expenses of any legal assessor and any advocate and solicitor appointed by the Oversight Committee for proceedings before a Complaints Committee or a Disciplinary Committee; ( b ) such reasonable expenses as the Oversight Committee may pay to witnesses; and ( c ) such reasonable expenses as are necessary for, or incidental to, the institution and conduct of proceedings before a Complaints Committee or a Disciplinary Committee; “Disciplinary Committee” means a Disciplinary Committee constituted under Part 6; “electronic transaction system” means the electronic transaction system mentioned in section 12A(1); [Act 21 of 2024 wef 09/12/2024] “firm” means a sole proprietorship or partnership; “full name” or “name” means — ( a ) in the case of an individual registered under the National Registration Act 1965 — the name as it appears in the latest identity card issued to that individual under section 9 of that Act; or ( b ) in the case of an individual not registered under the National Registration Act 1965 — the name as it appears in the latest passport issued to that individual or such other similar evidence of identification as is available; [Act 21 of 2024 wef 09/12/2024] “identification” means — ( a ) in the case of an individual issued with an identity card under the National Registration Act 1965, the number of the individual’s identity card; and ( b ) in the case of an individual not issued with an identity card under that Act, particulars of the individual’s passport or other similar evidence of identity that is acceptable to the Registrar; “lay person”, in relation to the Complaints and Disciplinary Panel, a Complaints Committee or a Disciplinary Committee, means an architect, a banker, an advocate and solicitor, a company director, an insurer, a professional engineer, a medical practitioner or a person who possesses such other qualifications as may be approved by the Oversight Committee; “limited liability partnership” has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005; “manager”, in relation to a limited liability partnership, has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2005; “Oversight Committee” means the Public Accountants Oversight Committee appointed by the Authority under section 4; “professional indemnity insurance” includes insurance indemnifying a public accountant, an accounting corporation, an accounting firm or an accounting LLP against liability to compensate a third party who has sustained financial loss or any other damage or injury due to a breach of professional duty or to any professional negligence on the part of such public accountant, accounting corporation, accounting firm or accounting LLP, as the case may be (including any such negligence by any director of such accounting corporation or any partner of such accounting LLP), or fraud or dishonesty; “public accountancy services” means the audit and reporting on financial statements and the doing of any other acts that are required by any written law to be done by a public accountant; “public accountant” means an individual who is registered or deemed to be registered in accordance with this Act as a public accountant; “Register of Public Accountants” means the register kept and maintained under section 5(1)( a )(i); “Register of Public Accounting Corporations” means the register kept and maintained under section 5(1)( a )(ii); “Register of Public Accounting Firms” means the register kept and maintained under section 5(1)( a )(iii); “Register of Public Accounting Limited Liability Partnerships” means the register kept and maintained under section 5(1)( a )(iv); “Registrar” means the Registrar of Public Accountants appointed by the Authority under section 7(1)( a ) and includes a Deputy Registrar and an Assistant Registrar appointed under section 7(1)( b ); “relevant particulars”, in relation to a public accountant, an accounting corporation, an accounting firm or an accounting LLP, means such particulars of the public accountant, accounting corporation, accounting firm or accounting LLP as the Oversight Committee may determine to be relevant for inclusion in the Register of Public Accountants, the Register of Public Accounting Corporations, the Register of Public Accounting Firms or the Register of Public Accounting Limited Liability Partnerships, as the case may be; “repealed Accountants Act” means the Accountants Act (Cap. 2, 2001 Revised Edition) in force immediately before 1 April 2004; “residential address”, in relation to an individual, means the individual’s usual place of residence; “rules” means rules made under section 64; “voting share”, in relation to a company or an accounting corporation, means an issued share in the company or accounting corporation other than — ( a ) a share to which, in no circumstances, is there attached a right to vote; or ( b ) a share to which there is attached a right to vote only in one or more of the following circumstances: (i) during a period in which a dividend (or part of a dividend) in respect of the share is in arrears; (ii) upon a proposal to reduce the share capital of the company or accounting corporation; (iii) upon a proposal that affects rights attached to the share; (iv) upon a proposal to wind up the company or accounting corporation; (v) upon a proposal for the disposal of the whole of the property, business and undertakings of the company or accounting corporation; (vi) during the winding up of the company or accounting corporation. [11/2006; 35/2014] (2) In this Act, a reference to improper conduct by, of or on the part of, a public accountant, an accounting corporation, an accounting firm or an accounting LLP includes any breach of any code of professional conduct and ethics prescribed by order under section 64AA(1)( a ). [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] (3) For the purposes of sections 11(7), 15(6), 20(1), (3) and (4), 31(7) and 48(3), (4) and (5), any reference to the Minister includes a reference to such Minister of State for his or her Ministry who is authorised by the Minister for the purpose of hearing an appeal under that section. [35/2014]


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION OF ACT
section: 3
title: Administration of Act
content:
3. The Authority is responsible — ( a ) for the registration of public accountants and the approval of accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs and the names thereof under this Act; ( b ) for the control and regulation of the practice of the profession of accountancy by public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs; and ( c ) generally, for the administration of this Act, and must carry out those functions subject to the general or special directions of the Minister. [11/2006]


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION OF ACT
section: 4
title: Appointment of Public Accountants Oversight Committee
content:
4. —(1) For the discharge of its functions under section 3, the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister and subject to subsections (2) and (2A), appoint from among its members or from among other persons a committee to be known as the Public Accountants Oversight Committee. [Act 36 of 2022 wef 01/04/2023] (2) At least one member of the Oversight Committee must be a public accountant. (2A) At least 3 members of the Oversight Committee must be members of the Authority. [Act 36 of 2022 wef 01/04/2023] (3) The Oversight Committee must carry out the functions and duties and exercise the powers conferred on it by this Act in accordance with any general or special directions that the Authority may give to the Oversight Committee. (4) The First Schedule has effect with respect to the Oversight Committee, its members and proceedings. [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] (5) [ Deleted by Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023 ] (6) For the purposes of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004, a member of the Oversight Committee is deemed to be a member of a committee of the Authority. [Act 36 of 2022 wef 01/04/2023]


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION OF ACT
section: 5
title: Functions and powers of Oversight Committee
content:
5. —(1) The Oversight Committee is to assist the Authority in the discharge of the Authority’s functions under section 3 and, in so doing, is to — ( a ) keep and maintain — (i) a Register of Public Accountants; (ii) a Register of Public Accounting Corporations; (iii) a Register of Public Accounting Firms; (iv) a Register of Public Accounting Limited Liability Partnerships; and (v) any other registers that may be necessary for the purposes of this Act; ( b ) consider and, as appropriate, grant (whether unconditionally or subject to such conditions as it thinks fit) or reject — (i) all applications for registration made under Part 3; and (ii) all applications for approval under Part 4; ( c ) assist the Authority in determining, prescribing and reviewing the requirements to be satisfied by individuals seeking to be registered as public accountants under Part 3; ( d ) conduct or arrange for the conduct of such examinations as it thinks necessary for the purposes of registering public accountants; ( e ) administer the continuing professional education programmes for public accountants; ( f ) administer the practice monitoring programmes under Part 5; ( g ) assist the Authority to determine, prescribe, issue, adopt and review — (i) the requirements to be applied by public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs in relation to — (A) the detection and prevention of money laundering or the financing of terrorism; and (B) the recording and reporting of transactions suspected of involving money laundering or the financing of terrorism, including any requirement necessary or expedient to give effect to any recommendation issued or adopted by the intergovernmental body known as the Financial Action Task Force relating to the prevention of money laundering and the financing of terrorism; (ii) the requirements in respect of professional conduct and ethics applicable to public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs when providing public accountancy services, other than the matters assigned to the Oversight Committee by the Authority and set out in the code of professional conduct and ethics prescribed by order under section 64AA(1)( a ); and (iii) the standards, methods, procedures and other requirements to be applied by public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs when providing public accountancy services, other than any standard, method, procedure or requirement which is of a class or description specified in the Second Schedule; [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] ( ga ) administer programmes to review the compliance by — (i) accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs with the quality control standards as defined in section 38B; and (ii) public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs with the requirements relating to the detection and prevention of money laundering and the financing of terrorism, in accordance with Part 5A; [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] ( h ) inquire into — (i) any complaint against any public accountant, accounting corporation, accounting firm or accounting LLP; or (ii) any information relating to any professional misconduct on the part of any public accountant, accounting corporation, accounting firm or accounting LLP, and, if necessary, institute disciplinary proceedings in accordance with Part 6; ( i ) advise the Authority on any matter which relates to the profession of public accountancy; [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] ( ia ) prescribe the code of professional conduct and ethics applicable to public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs; [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] ( ib ) prescribe any standard, method, procedure or other requirement which is of a class or description specified in the Second Schedule that is to be applied by public accountants, accounting corporations, accounting firms and accounting LLPs when providing public accountancy services; and [Act 32 of 2022 wef 01/07/2023] ( j ) generally do all such acts, matters and things as are necessary to be carried out, or which the Oversight Committee is authorised to carry out, under this Act. [11/2006] (2) The registers referred to in subsection (1)( a ) may be kept in such form or manner as the Oversight Committee may determine. (3) Subject to any general or special direction given by the Authority, the Oversight Committee has the power to do anything for the purpose of discharging its functions under this Act, or which is incidental or conducive to the discharge of those functions.


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION OF ACT
section: 6
title: Appointment of sub-committees by Oversight Committee
content:
6. —(1) Subject to any general or special direction of the Authority, the Oversight Committee may appoint one or more sub‑committees for any general or special purpose which in the opinion of the Oversight Committee may be better dealt with or managed by a sub‑committee. (2) The Oversight Committee may delegate to any sub‑committee appointed under subsection (1), with or without restrictions or conditions as it thinks fit, any of the powers or functions which may be exercised or performed by the Oversight Committee under this Act. (3) The number and term of office of the members of any sub‑committee appointed under this section and the number of those members necessary to form a quorum is to be determined by the Oversight Committee. (4) A sub-committee appointed under this section may include persons who are not members of the Oversight Committee. (5) The Oversight Committee may continue to exercise any power conferred upon it or perform any function under this Act despite the delegation of such power or function to a sub‑committee under this section. (6) For the purposes of the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority Act 2004, any member of a sub‑committee appointed by the Oversight Committee under or for the purposes of this Act is deemed to be a member of a committee of the Authority.


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION OF ACT
section: 7
title: Appointment and duties of Registrar
content:
7. —(1) The Authority must, from among its officers, appoint — ( a ) a Registrar of Public Accountants; and ( b ) such number of Deputy Registrars and Assistant Registrars of Public Accountants as the Authority considers necessary. (2) The Registrar must — ( a ) carry out the functions and duties and exercise the powers conferred on him or her by this Act in accordance with any general or special directions that the Authority or the Oversight Committee may give to him or her; ( b ) attend all meetings of the Oversight Committee and record the proceedings of those meetings; ( c ) conduct the correspondence and deal with such matters as may be assigned to him or her by the Authority or the Oversight Committee; ( d ) issue all certificates and notices required to be issued under this Act; and ( e ) collect all fees payable under this Act and pay all amounts so collected into the funds of the Authority. (3) Subject to such restrictions and limitations as the Authority or Oversight Committee may determine, the powers and duties of the Registrar under this Act may be exercised and discharged by a Deputy Registrar or an Assistant Registrar.


document_id: aa-2004
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 2 - ADMINISTRATION OF ACT
section: 8
title: Registers
content:
8. —(1) The Registrar is responsible for the custody and maintenance of — ( a ) the Register of Public Accountants; ( b ) the Register of Public Accounting Corporations; ( c ) the Register of Public Accounting Firms; and ( d ) the Register of Public Accounting Limited Liability Partnerships. [11/2006] (2) The Registrar must — ( a ) record — (i) in the Register of Public Accountants the name and relevant particulars of every public accountant who is registered under this Act or whose registration has been suspended or cancelled; (ii) in the Register of Public Accounting Corporations the name and relevant particulars of every accounting corporation that is approved under this Act or that has had its approval revoked; (iii) in the Register of Public Accounting Firms the name and relevant particulars of every accounting firm that is approved under this Act or that has had its approval revoked; and (iv) in the Register of Public Accounting Limited Liability Partnerships the name and relevant particulars of every accounting LLP that is approved under this Act or that has had its approval revoked; ( b ) allow any person to inspect the Register of Public Accountants, the Register of Public Accounting Corporations, the Register of Public Accounting Firms or the Register of Public Accounting Limited Liability Partnerships in such manner and on such terms as the Oversight Committee may determine; ( c ) insert in the appropriate register any change in the names or relevant particulars recorded therein that may have been notified to him or her or that may otherwise have come to his or her knowledge; and ( d ) correct any error in any entry in any of the registers. [11/2006]


