# legal_provisions

document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 9
title: Restraining orders against other persons
content:
9. —(1) Where the Minister is satisfied that — ( a ) any person is inciting, instigating or encouraging any religious group or religious institution or any person mentioned in subsection (1) of section 8 to commit any of the acts specified in that subsection; ( b ) any person, other than persons mentioned in subsection (1) of section 8, has committed or is committing, or is likely to commit, or has attempted or is attempting to commit any of the acts specified in paragraph ( a ) of that subsection, the Minister may make a restraining order against the person. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (2) Without limiting subsection (1), an order made under this section may restrain the person named in the order from addressing or advising any religious group or religious institution or any member thereof, or requiring the person named in the order to stop undertaking any communications activity involving information or material, concerning or affecting the relations between that religious group or religious institution and the Government or any other religious group or religious institution. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (3) Subject to section 12(2), a restraining order made under this section has effect for such period, not exceeding 2 years, as may be specified in the order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (4) Before making an order under subsection (1), the Minister is not required to give any person notice of, or consult any person on, the Minister’s intention to make that order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (5) After making an order under subsection (1) against a person, the Minister must immediately give, or cause to be given, a copy of the order, and the grounds, facts and documents supporting the order, to — ( a ) that person; and ( b ) the head or governing body of the religious group or religious institution named in the order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (6) The order made under subsection (1) against a person takes effect on the date it is given to the person, who must comply with the order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 10
title: Relation to other laws
content:
10. Except as provided in section 16F, nothing in this Act or any restraining order, direction or community remedial initiative derogates from the effect of any other written law for the time being in force. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 11
title: Restraining orders to be referred to Council
content:
11. —(1) After making a restraining order, the Minister must immediately give, or cause to be given, to the Council — ( a ) a copy of the restraining order; and ( b ) the grounds, facts and documents supporting the restraining order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (1A) The following persons may, in accordance with subsection (1B), make representations to the Council against a restraining order: ( a ) the person against whom the restraining order is made; ( b ) the head or governing body of the religious group or religious institution named in the restraining order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (1B) Any representation under subsection (1A) against a restraining order must be in writing and must be made within 14 days after the restraining order is given to the person against whom the restraining order is made. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (2) The Council must consider the order together with the grounds and all facts or documents tendered by the Minister in support of making of the order, and the representations (if any) received by the Council under subsection (1A). [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (3) Where the Council considers it necessary for its deliberations, the Council may invite a person against whom an order is made to be present for oral examination by the Council at a meeting convened for this purpose. (3A) The Council may, if it considers it necessary for its deliberations under this section, invite any other person to attend before the Council and be examined on the matter. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (4) The Council must, within 30 days after the end of the period mentioned in subsection (1B), make its recommendations to the President. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (5) The Council may recommend that the order be confirmed, cancelled or varied in any manner.


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 12
title: Restraining orders to be confirmed by President
content:
12. —(1) Every restraining order ceases to have effect unless it is confirmed by the President within 30 days from the date the Council’s recommendations are received by the President. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (2) The President must consider the recommendations of the Council and may cancel or confirm the order and in confirming the order may make such variations as the President thinks fit. (3) In the exercise of functions under this section, the President must act on the advice of the Cabinet except where the Constitution provides that the President may act in the President’s discretion when the advice of the Cabinet is contrary to the Council’s recommendations.


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 13
title: Extension of restraining order
content:
13. —(1) The Minister may, before the expiry of a restraining order as confirmed or as varied, direct that the period of the order be extended for a further period or periods not exceeding 2 years at a time. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (2) Subject to subsection (3), sections 11 and 12 apply to any direction under this section to extend as if a reference in those sections to a restraining order includes a reference to a direction to extend. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (3) The Council may recommend that a direction to extend be confirmed or cancelled only. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 14
title: Review of restraining order
content:
14. —(1) Every order made or extended under this Part must, so long as it remains in force, be reviewed by the Minister at intervals of not more than 12 months and the first of such reviews must take place not more than 12 months after the date the order was made or extended. (2) The Minister may at any time revoke a restraining order, including an order as confirmed, varied or extended under this Part. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 15
title: Publication
content:
15. The Minister must cause an order made under section 8 or 9, any revocation, variation, extension or confirmation of the order or any recommendations of the Council to be published in the Gazette .


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 3 - RESTRAINING ORDERS
section: 16
title: Penalty for breach of restraining order
content:
16. —(1) Any person who contravenes any provision of a restraining order (including one as confirmed, varied or extended) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both and, in the case of a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or to both. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] (2) [ Deleted by Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022 ]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16A
chapter: PART 4 - COUNTERING FOREIGN INFLUENCE: GENERAL
section: 16A
title: Reporting of reportable donations
content:
16A. —(1) Subject to this Act, every reportable donation accepted by any religious group during each reporting period must be disclosed to a competent authority in accordance with this section. (2) Disclosure to a competent authority of reportable donations received during a reporting period and accepted by a religious group must be in a donation report relating to the reporting period that — ( a ) is in the form required by the competent authority; ( b ) is given to the competent authority within the time delimited by subsection (3) and in the manner prescribed in regulations made under section 19 or, subject to those regulations, as approved by the competent authority; ( c ) contains the prescribed details of every reportable donation accepted by the religious group during the reporting period, and the prescribed particulars of each donor; ( d ) is signed by every responsible officer of the religious group; and ( e ) is accompanied by a declaration in subsection (4) made by every responsible officer of the religious group. (3) Subject to subsection (5), disclosure of reportable donations accepted by a religious group during a reporting period must be given to a competent authority no later than 1 April of the year following the year in which the reportable donation was accepted. (4) The declaration required by subsection (2)( e ) to accompany a donation report of a religious group must contain a statement that, to the knowledge and belief of every responsible officer of the religious group — ( a ) no other reportable donation has been accepted by the religious group during the reporting period to which the donation report relates; and ( b ) if the religious group is one to whom a restraining order under section 8(1A) is given, no religious donation which is prohibited by that order has been accepted by the religious group during the reporting period to which the donation report relates. (5) Regulations made under section 19 may prescribe a longer period for the purposes of subsection (3). (6) In this section — “appointed day” means the date of commencement of section 13 of the Maintenance of Religious Harmony (Amendment) Act 2019; “initial reporting period” means — ( a ) the period starting on the appointed day and ending on 31 December of the same year that appointed day falls, unless paragraph ( b ) applies; or ( b ) the period starting on the day the religious group is incorporated or formed (being after the appointed day), and ending on 31 December of the same year the day the religious group is incorporated or formed falls; “reporting period” means the period of 12 months starting 1 January and ending 31 December in any year, and includes an initial reporting period. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16B
chapter: PART 4 - COUNTERING FOREIGN INFLUENCE: GENERAL
section: 16B
title: Disclosure of foreign affiliations
content:
16B. —(1) Subject to this Act, every arrangement or agreement to which a religious group is party during a reporting period, being an arrangement or agreement — ( a ) which is with a foreign principal; and ( b ) under which — (i) the religious group is accustomed, or under an obligation (whether formal or informal), to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of the foreign principal or, where the foreign principal is an entity, of the governing body of the foreign principal; or (ii) the foreign principal is in a position to exercise, in any other way, total or substantial control over the religious group’s activities in Singapore, must be disclosed to a competent authority in accordance with this section. (2) Disclosure to a competent authority of every arrangement or agreement described in subsection (1) to which a religious group is party during a reporting period must be in a foreign affiliations report relating to the reporting period that — ( a ) is in the form required by the competent authority; ( b ) is given to the competent authority within the time delimited by subsection (3) and in the manner prescribed in regulations made under section 19 or, subject to those regulations, as approved by the competent authority; ( c ) contains the prescribed details or description of every such arrangement or agreement with a foreign principal during the reporting period, and the identity and other prescribed particulars of the foreign principal; ( d ) is signed by every responsible officer of the religious group; and ( e ) is accompanied by a declaration in subsection (4) made by every responsible officer of the religious group. (3) Subject to subsection (5), disclosure of every arrangement or agreement described in subsection (1) to which a religious group is party during a reporting period must be given to a competent authority no later than 1 April of the year following the year in which the reporting period ends. (4) The declaration required by subsection (2)( e ) to accompany a foreign affiliations report of a religious group must contain a statement that, to the knowledge and belief of every responsible officer of the religious group, there is no other arrangement or agreement described in subsection (1) to which the religious group is party during the reporting period to which the foreign affiliations report relates. (5) Regulations made under section 19 may prescribe a longer period for the purposes of subsection (3). (6) In this section — “appointed day” means the date of commencement of section 13 of the Maintenance of Religious Harmony (Amendment) Act 2019; “arrangement” includes any formal or informal scheme, arrangement or understanding, and any trust whether express or implied; “initial reporting period” means — ( a ) the period starting on the appointed day and ending on 31 December of the same year that appointed day falls, unless paragraph ( b ) applies; or ( b ) the period starting on the day the religious group is incorporated or formed (being after the appointed day), and ending on 31 December of the same year the day the religious group is incorporated or formed falls; “reporting period” means the period of 12 months starting 1 January and ending 31 December in any year, and includes an initial reporting period. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16C
chapter: PART 4 - COUNTERING FOREIGN INFLUENCE: GENERAL
section: 16C
title: Disclosure of governing body composition
content:
16C. —(1) Subject to this Act, the particulars of — ( a ) every individual who — (i) is a member of the governing body of any religious group on the appointed day; or (ii) is or becomes (whether by appointment or election or otherwise) a member of the governing body of any religious group at any subsequent time; ( b ) every individual who, for any reason, stops acting as a member of the governing body of a religious group; ( c ) the constitution, memorandum or articles of association, trust deed or equivalent instrument of a religious group as in effect on the appointed day; and ( d ) every change (after the appointed day) to the constitution, memorandum or articles of association, trust deed or equivalent instrument mentioned in paragraph ( c ), being a change affecting (directly or indirectly) the size or composition of its governing body, must be disclosed to a competent authority in accordance with this section. (2) Disclosure to a competent authority of every individual or matter described in subsection (1) must be in a key management report relating to the religious group that — ( a ) is in the form required by the competent authority; ( b ) is given to the competent authority within the time delimited by subsection (3) and in the manner prescribed in regulations made under section 19 or, subject to those regulations, as approved by the competent authority; ( c ) contains — (i) the prescribed details of the identity, nationality and other particulars of every such individual who is or becomes a member of the governing body of the religious group; (ii) the identity and nationality of every responsible officer of the religious group; and (iii) the prescribed details and description of any change (on or after the appointed day) to the constitution, memorandum or articles of association, trust deed or equivalent instrument of a religious group affecting the size or composition (or both) of its governing body; and ( d ) is signed by every responsible officer of the religious group. (3) Subject to subsection (4), disclosure of every individual or matter described in subsection (1) must be given to a competent authority — ( a ) in relation to the circumstance in subsection (1)( a )(i) or ( c ), not later than 60 days after the appointed day, or such extended period as the competent authority may allow in any particular case; and ( b ) in relation to the circumstance in subsection (1)( a )(ii), ( b ) or ( d ), no later than 30 days after — (i) the individual is or becomes, or stops acting (as the case may be) as, a member of the governing body of the religious group; or (ii) the change to the constitution, memorandum or articles of association, trust deed or equivalent instrument mentioned in subsection (1)( c ) takes effect. (4) Regulations made under section 19 may prescribe a longer period for the purposes of subsection (3)( a ) or ( b ). (5) In this section — “appointed day” means the date of commencement of section 13 of the Maintenance of Religious Harmony (Amendment) Act 2019; “appointment” includes re-appointment. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16D
chapter: PART 4 - COUNTERING FOREIGN INFLUENCE: GENERAL
section: 16D
title: Restrictions on responsible officers’ nationality
content:
16D. —(1) This section applies to and in relation to every religious group only from a date declared by the Minister by order in the Gazette . (2) Subject to this Act, a religious group in Singapore — ( a ) must not appoint or re-appoint as a responsible officer of the religious group, an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore and not a Singapore permanent resident; and ( b ) must not permit an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore and not a Singapore permanent resident to act as a responsible officer of the religious group, except in accordance with the approval of the Minister granted after taking into account the circumstances for the religious observance or practices of the religious group and its community bonding among the people of Singapore. (3) Where a competent authority is satisfied that a religious group in Singapore has, in contravention of subsection (2) — ( a ) appointed or re-appointed as a responsible officer of the religious group, an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore and not a Singapore permanent resident; or ( b ) permitted an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore and not a Singapore permanent resident to act as a responsible officer of the religious group, the competent authority may, by written notice to the religious group, direct the religious group to remove the responsible officer from his office or employment within the period specified in the notice, and the religious group must comply with that direction. (4) A competent authority is not required to give any person notice of, or consult any person on, the competent authority’s intention to direct under subsection (3) a religious group to remove an individual from his office or employment. (5) If a religious group which is directed, or the individual required to be removed in a direction, under subsection (3) is aggrieved by the direction, the religious group or the individual (as the case may be) may, within 14 days after the notice under subsection (3) of the direction is given to the religious group or individual (as the case may be), appeal against the direction to the Minister. (6) Unless otherwise ordered by the Minister, the direction of the competent authority appealed against must be complied with until the determination of the appeal. (7) The Minister’s decision on an appeal is final. (8) Subject to this Act, in the event that for any reason (such as by resignation, death or otherwise), a responsible officer of a religious group ceases to be either a citizen of Singapore or a Singapore permanent resident, the religious group must give written notice of that event to the competent authority, within 30 days after the religious group first becomes aware of that event. (9) An order under subsection (1) cannot be revoked by another such order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16E
chapter: PART 4 - COUNTERING FOREIGN INFLUENCE: GENERAL
section: 16E
title: Nationality of religious group governing body
content:
16E. —(1) This section applies to and in relation to every religious group only from a date declared by the Minister by order in the Gazette . (2) Subject to this Act, a religious group in Singapore must ensure that more than half of the total number of seats in its governing body are occupied or held by individuals who are citizens of Singapore unless the religious group is expressly allowed by the Minister to do otherwise after taking into account the circumstances for the religious observance or practices of the religious group and its community bonding among the people of Singapore. (3) Where a competent authority is satisfied that a religious group in Singapore has, in contravention of subsection (2), permitted half or more than half of the total number of seats in its governing body to be occupied or held by individuals who are not citizens of Singapore — ( a ) the competent authority may, by written notice to the religious group, direct the religious group to remove such number of members of the governing body who are not citizens of Singapore from their office within the period specified in the notice; and ( b ) the religious group must comply with that direction. (4) A competent authority is not required to give any person notice of, or consult any person on, the competent authority’s intention to direct under subsection (3) a religious group to remove an individual from his office. (5) If a religious group directed, or the individual required to be removed in a direction, under this section is aggrieved by the direction, the religious group or the individual (as the case may be) may, within 14 days after the notice under subsection (3) of the direction is given to the religious group or individual (as the case may be), appeal against the direction to the Minister. (6) Unless otherwise ordered by the Minister, the direction of the competent authority appealed against must be complied with until the determination of the appeal. (7) The Minister’s decision on an appeal is final. (8) Subject to this Act, in the event that for any reason (such as by resignation, death or otherwise), half or more than half of the total number of seats in the governing body of a religious group is occupied or held by individuals who are not citizens of Singapore, the religious group must give written notice of the event to the competent authority, within 30 days after the religious group first becomes aware of that event. (9) An order under subsection (1) cannot be revoked by another such order. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16F
chapter: PART 5 - SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
section: 16F
title: Overriding memorandum and articles of association, etc.
content:
16F. —(1) A restraining order under section 8(1A) has effect despite the provisions of — ( a ) any other written law in force; and ( b ) the constitution, memorandum or articles of association, trust deed or equivalent instrument of a religious group. (2) A requirement or notice under section 16D(2) or (3) or 16E(2) or (3) has effect despite the provisions of — ( a ) any other written law in force on the date declared under sections 16D(1) and 16E(1), respectively; and ( b ) the constitution, memorandum or articles of association, trust deed or equivalent instrument of a religious group. (3) No criminal or civil liability shall be incurred by a religious group in Singapore, or any person acting on behalf of the religious group, in respect of anything done or omitted to be done with reasonable care and in good faith in the discharge or purported discharge of the obligations of the religious group under a restraining order or a requirement or notice under section 16D(2) or (3) or 16E(2) or (3). [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16G
chapter: PART 5 - SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
section: 16G
title: Power to obtain information
content:
16G. —(1) A competent authority may by written notice require any religious group to provide, within a reasonable period specified in the notice, and in such form and manner as may be specified in the notice, all documents or all information or material (or both) which — ( a ) relate to any matter which the competent authority considers necessary for any of the following purposes: (i) to determine whether any information or material provided to a competent authority under a provision of this Act or its subsidiary legislation is correct; (ii) to determine whether there are grounds for any direction or restraining order to be given under this Act against a religious group; and ( b ) are — (i) within the knowledge of that religious group; or (ii) in the custody or under the control of the religious group. (2) The power to require a religious group to provide any document or any information or material under subsection (1) includes the power — ( a ) to require that religious group, or any individual who is or was a responsible officer or agent or a member of the governing body of that religious group (as the case may be), to provide an explanation of the document or the information or material; ( b ) if the document or the information or material is not provided, to require that religious group or individual to state, to the best of the knowledge and belief of that religious group or individual (as the case may be), where it is; and ( c ) if the information or material is recorded otherwise than in legible form, to require the information or material to be made available to the competent authority in legible form. (3) A competent authority is entitled without payment to keep any document or any information or material, or any copy or extract thereof, provided to the competent authority under subsection (1). [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s16H
chapter: PART 5 - SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
section: 16H
title: Community remedial initiative
content:
16H. —(1) Subject to this section, the Minister may offer under this section to a person (called in this section an alleged offender) an opportunity to take one or more remedial actions, participate in one or more activities, or do any other thing, to promote religious harmony in Singapore (called in this section a community remedial initiative) if, in the opinion of the Minister, the alleged offender is attempting to engage in conduct, is engaging or has engaged in conduct, or is likely to engage in conduct — ( a ) that causes, or the alleged offender knows is likely to incite, feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility against, or contempt for or ridicule of, a person or a group in Singapore, being a person or group distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity within the meaning of section 17E(6); or ( b ) on the ground of religion or religious belief or activity and that the alleged offender knows is likely to insult the religion or religious belief or activity (within the meaning of section 17F(5)), or wounds the religious feelings, of another person in Singapore. (2) However, no offer under this section may be made with respect to any engaging in conduct or attempt to engage in conduct occurring before the date of commencement of section 13 of the Maintenance of Religious Harmony (Amendment) Act 2019. (3) A person may choose whether to enter into a community remedial initiative with the Minister. (4) One community remedial initiative may be entered into for 2 or more different conduct or attempts to engage in conduct mentioned in subsection (1) which constitute an offence under this Act or any other written law (called in this section an alleged offence). (5) In addition to subsection (4), a community remedial initiative in respect of an alleged offence — ( a ) may be entered into before, on or after the date on which an alleged offender is charged with the alleged offence; but ( b ) cannot be entered into after the commencement of the trial for that alleged offence. (6) While a community remedial initiative in respect of an alleged offence is in force — ( a ) if the alleged offender has been charged with the alleged offence, the alleged offender is deemed to have been granted a discharge not amounting to an acquittal in relation to that alleged offence, when the community remedial initiative comes into force; and ( b ) the alleged offender cannot be prosecuted for that alleged offence under this Act or any other written law in any criminal proceedings. (7) If the Minister believes that an alleged offender who entered into a community remedial initiative for an alleged offence has failed to comply with the terms of that agreement, the Minister may terminate the community remedial initiative and refer the alleged offence to the Public Prosecutor. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17
title: Consent of Public Prosecutor
content:
17. A court is not to try any offence under this Act except with the consent of the Public Prosecutor. [15/2010]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17A
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17A
title: Offences by corporations
content:
17A. —(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that — ( a ) an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that conduct within the scope of his actual or apparent authority; and ( b ) the officer, employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the corporation had that state of mind. (2) Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, a person — ( a ) who is — (i) an officer of the corporation; or (ii) an individual involved in the management of the corporation and in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation in relation to the commission of the offence; and ( b ) who — (i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the corporation; or (iii) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the corporation (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of that same offence as is the corporation, and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the corporation if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the corporation would bear. (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of — ( a ) Chapters 5 and 5A * of the Penal Code 1871 * ; or ( b ) the Evidence Act 1893 * or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of the corporation for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the corporation is convicted of the offence. (6) In this section — “corporation” includes a limited liability partnership within the meaning of section 2(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005 * ; “officer”, in relation to a corporation, means any director, partner, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, and includes — ( a ) any person purporting to act in any such capacity; or ( b ) for a corporation whose affairs are managed by its members, any of those members as if the member were a director of the corporation; “reasonable steps”, in relation to the commission of an offence, includes, but is not limited to, such action (if any) of the following kinds as is reasonable in all the circumstances: ( a ) action towards — (i) assessing the corporation’s compliance with the provision creating the offence; and (ii) ensuring that the corporation arranged regular professional assessments of its compliance with the provision; ( b ) action towards ensuring that the corporation’s employees, agents and contractors are provided with information, training, instruction and supervision appropriate to them to enable them to comply with the provision creating the offence so far as the provision is relevant to them; ( c ) action towards ensuring that — (i) the equipment and other resources; and (ii) the structures, work systems and other processes, relevant to compliance with the provision creating the offence are appropriate in all the circumstances; ( d ) action towards creating and maintaining a corporate culture that does not direct, encourage, tolerate or lead to non-compliance with the provision creating the offence; “state of mind” of a person includes — ( a ) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and ( b ) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17B
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17B
title: Offences by unincorporated associations or partnerships
content:
17B. —(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that — ( a ) an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or the partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of his actual or apparent authority; and ( b ) the employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership had that state of mind. (2) Where an unincorporated association or a partnership commits an offence under this Act, a person — ( a ) who is — (i) an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body; (ii) a partner in the partnership; or (iii) an individual involved in the management of the unincorporated association or partnership and in a position to influence the conduct of the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) in relation to the commission of the offence; and ( b ) who — (i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership; or (iii) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of the same offence as is the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be), and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the unincorporated association or partnership if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the unincorporated association or partnership would bear. (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of — ( a ) Chapters 5 and 5A * of the Penal Code 1871 * ; or ( b ) the Evidence Act 1893 * or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of an unincorporated association or a partnership for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the unincorporated association or partnership is convicted of the offence. (6) In this section — “officer”, in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, and includes — ( a ) any person holding a position analogous to that of president, secretary or member of a committee of the unincorporated association; and ( b ) any person purporting to act in any such capacity; “partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner; “reasonable steps” has the meaning given by section 17A(6); “state of mind” of a person includes — ( a ) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and ( b ) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17C
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17C
title: Jurisdiction of court
content:
17C. —(1) Despite the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 * , a District Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this Act and has power to impose the full punishment for any such offence. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (2) Where an offence under section 17E or 17F is committed by a person outside Singapore, the person may be dealt with in respect of that offence as if it had been committed in Singapore. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17D
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17D
title: Composition of offences
content:
17D. —(1) A competent authority may compound any offence under this Act that is prescribed as a compoundable offence by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding the lower of the following: ( a ) one half of the amount of the maximum fine that is prescribed for the offence; ( b ) $5,000. (2) On payment of such sum of money, no further proceedings are to be taken against that person in respect of the offence. (3) All sums collected under this section must be paid into the Consolidated Fund. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] Division 2 &#x2014; Serious offences


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17E
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17E
title: Offence of urging violence on religious grounds or against religious group, etc.
content:
17E. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person, on the ground of religion or religious belief or activity, knowingly engages in conduct urging another person, or a group of persons, to use force or violence against a person in Singapore (called in this subsection the target person); ( b ) the person does so knowing that force or violence is likely to occur; ( c ) the person does so because of the person’s belief that the target person is a member of a group (called in this subsection a target group); and ( d ) the target group is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity, ethnicity, descent, nationality, language, political opinion or by any other characteristic, whether or not of a similar kind. (2) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person, on the ground of religion or religious belief or activity, knowingly engages in conduct urging another person, or a group of persons, to use force or violence against a group in Singapore (called in this subsection the target group); ( b ) the person does so knowing that force or violence is likely to occur; and ( c ) the target group is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity, ethnicity, descent, nationality, language, political opinion or by any other characteristic, whether or not of a similar kind. (3) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person knowingly engages in conduct urging another person, or a group of persons, to use force or violence against a person in Singapore (called in this subsection the target person); ( b ) the person does so knowing that force or violence is likely to occur; ( c ) the person does so because of the person’s belief that the target person is a member of a group (called in this subsection a target group); and ( d ) the target group is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity. (4) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person knowingly engages in conduct urging another person, or a group of persons, to use force or violence against a group in Singapore (called in this subsection the target group); ( b ) the person does so knowing that force or violence is likely to occur; and ( c ) the target group is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity. (5) For the purposes of subsection (1)( c ) or (3)( c ), it does not matter whether the target person in that subsection actually is a member of a target group. (6) In subsection (1), (2), (3) or (4), “religious belief or activity” means — ( a ) holding a religious belief or view; or ( b ) engaging in religious activity. (7) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3) or (4) shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or to a fine, or to both. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17F
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17F
title: Offence of inciting hatred, ill-will, etc.
content:
17F. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person knowingly engages in conduct that incites feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility against, or contempt for or ridicule of, a group in Singapore (called in this subsection a target group); ( b ) the target group is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity; ( c ) the person does so knowing that feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility against, or contempt for or ridicule of, the target group is likely to occur; and ( d ) the person is a religious leader when the person engages in the conduct. (2) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person knowingly engages in conduct that — (i) insults the religion or religious belief or activity of another person in Singapore (called in this subsection a target person); or (ii) wounds the religious feelings of a person in Singapore (called in this subsection a target person) who holds a religious belief or view; ( b ) the target person is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity; ( c ) the person does so knowing that the religion or religious belief or activity of the target person is likely to be insulted or the religious feelings of the target person are likely to be wounded; and ( d ) the person is a religious leader when the person engages in the conduct. (3) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person knowingly engages in conduct that incites feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility against, or contempt for or ridicule of, a group in Singapore (called in this subsection a target group); ( b ) the target group is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity; ( c ) the person does so knowing that feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility against, or contempt for or ridicule of, the target group is likely to occur; and ( d ) the feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility against, or contempt for or ridicule of, the target group would threaten the public peace or public order in Singapore or any part of Singapore. (4) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person knowingly engages in conduct that — (i) insults the religion or religious belief or activity of another person in Singapore (called in this subsection a target person); or (ii) wounds the religious feelings of a person in Singapore (called in this subsection a target person) who holds a religious belief or view; ( b ) the target person is distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity; ( c ) the person does so knowing that the religion or religious belief or activity of the target person is likely to be insulted or the religious feelings of the target person are likely to be wounded; and ( d ) the insult or wounding mentioned in paragraph ( c ) (as the case may be) would threaten the public peace or public order in Singapore or any part of Singapore. (5) In subsection (1)( b ), (2), (3)( b ), (4) or (10)( b ), “religious belief or activity” means — ( a ) holding a religious belief or view; or ( b ) engaging in religious activity. (6) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3) or (4) shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to a fine, or to both. (7) In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2), it is a defence for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the conduct the accused engaged in — ( a ) was a domestic communication; and ( b ) was in circumstances that may reasonably be taken to indicate that the parties to the communication desire it to be heard or seen only by themselves. (8) In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (3) or (4), it is a defence for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused engaged in the conduct in circumstances that may reasonably be taken to indicate that the parties to the conduct desire it to be heard or seen only by themselves. (9) However, subsections (7) and (8) do not apply in relation to conduct in any circumstances in which the parties to the conduct ought reasonably to expect that it may be heard or seen by someone else. (10) In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3) or (4), it is also a defence for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused was pointing out in good faith any matters that — ( a ) are producing or have a tendency to produce feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility between different religious groups; or ( b ) are insulting the religion or religious belief or activity or wounding the religious feelings of a person or persons distinguished by religion or religious belief or activity, in order to bring about a removal of those matters. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17G
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17G
title: Interpretative provisions for serious offences
content:
17G. —(1) In determining whether a person commits an offence under section 17E or 17F, the person’s motive for engaging in the conduct is irrelevant. (2) In determining whether a person has committed an offence under section 17E, the following are irrelevant: ( a ) whether or not the religion or religious belief or activity (as defined in section 17E), or the ethnicity, descent, nationality, language, political opinion or any other characteristic (whether or not of a similar kind) of another person or group of persons is the only or dominant ground for the conduct, so long as it is a substantial ground; ( b ) whether or not the person made an assumption about the religion or religious belief or activity (as defined in section 17E), or the ethnicity, descent, nationality, language, political opinion or any other characteristic (whether or not of a similar kind), of another person or group of persons that was incorrect at the time that the offence is alleged to have taken place. (3) In determining whether a person has committed an offence under section 17F, the following are irrelevant: ( a ) whether or not the religion or religious belief or activity (as defined in section 17F) of another person or group of persons is the only or dominant ground for the conduct, so long as it is a substantial ground; ( b ) whether or not the person made an assumption about the religion or religious belief or activity (as defined in section 17F) of another person or group of persons that was incorrect at the time that the offence is alleged to have taken place. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] Division 3 &#x2014; Other offences


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17H
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17H
title: Offences relating to reports
content:
17H. —(1) Where — ( a ) any donation report, foreign affiliations report or key management report which is required under Part 4 * in respect of a religious group; or ( b ) any declaration relating to any report mentioned in paragraph ( a ), which is required under Part 4 * in respect of a religious group, is not given to a competent authority in accordance with the requirements of that Part, every responsible officer of the religious group shall be guilty of an offence and shall each be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $200 for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (2) Where a responsible officer of a religious group, with an intent to deceive, makes — ( a ) in a donation report, foreign affiliations report or key management report which is required to be given under Part 4 * in respect of the religious group — (i) a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular; or (ii) an omission of any matter or thing without which such a report is misleading in a material particular; or ( b ) a false declaration required to be given under Part 4 * in respect of a donation report, foreign affiliations report or key management report of the religious group, the responsible officer shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $20,000. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (3) Where in a donation report, foreign affiliations report or key management report, or a declaration relating to such a report, which is required to be given under Part 4 * in respect of a religious group, there is — ( a ) a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular; or ( b ) an omission of any matter or thing without which the donation report or declaration is misleading in a material particular, and the report or declaration is given to a competent authority, every responsible officer of the religious group shall be guilty of an offence and shall each be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (4) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) in relation to a donation report, foreign affiliations report or key management report, or a declaration relating to any such report, it is a defence to the charge for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused took all reasonable steps, and exercised all due diligence, to ensure that a requirement in Part 4 * has been complied with in relation to the report or declaration. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (5) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (3) in relation to a donation report, foreign affiliations report or key management report, or a declaration relating to any such report, which is required under Part 4 * , it is a defence to the charge for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused took all reasonable steps, and exercised all due diligence, to ensure that — ( a ) a statement in the report or declaration (as the case may be) was not false or misleading in a material particular; or ( b ) the report or declaration did not contain any omission which would have made the report or declaration misleading in a material particular. [*Updated to be consistent with the 2020 Revised Edition] (6) An offence under subsection (1) or (3) is a strict liability offence. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17I
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17I
title: Offences relating to reportable donations
content:
17I. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person — ( a ) with intent to deceive, withholds from a religious group any material information relating to the identity of a donor of a religious donation or the amount of a religious donation to the religious group; or ( b ) intentionally or knowingly gives, in relation to the identity of a donor of a religious donation or the amount of a religious donation to a religious group, any information to the religious group which is false or misleading in a material particular. (2) A person commits an offence if the person — ( a ) enters into; or ( b ) knowingly does any act in furtherance of, any arrangement which facilitates or is likely to facilitate, whether by means of any concealment or disguise or otherwise, the making of a donation to a religious group by a person prohibited by a restraining order under section 8(1A). (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $20,000. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17J
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17J
title: Offence relating to nationality of governing body members, etc.
content:
17J. —(1) A religious group commits an offence if — ( a ) by the end of the period specified in section 16D(8), the religious group fails to give the notice required under section 16D(8); and ( b ) the religious group permits an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore and not a Singapore permanent resident to act as a responsible officer of the religious group in contravention of section 16D(2). (2) A religious group commits an offence if — ( a ) by the end of the period specified in section 16E(8), the religious group fails to give the notice required under section 16E(8); and ( b ) the religious group permits half or more than half of the total number of seats in its governing body to be occupied or held by individuals who are not citizens of Singapore in contravention of section 16E(2). (3) A religious group who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $500 for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction. (4) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2) in relation to a requirement to give a notice under section 16D(8) or 16E(8), it is a defence to the charge for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused took all reasonable steps, and exercised all due diligence, to ensure that the requirement has been complied with. (5) An offence under subsection (1) or (2) is a strict liability offence. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17K
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17K
title: Offence of giving false information
content:
17K. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person gives information or material or produces a document to a competent authority; ( b ) the person does so in response to a notice given to the person under section 16G; ( c ) either — (i) the information or material or the document is false or misleading in a material particular; or (ii) the information or material omits any matter or thing without which the information or material is misleading in a material particular; and ( d ) the person knew that — (i) the information or document is false or misleading in a material particular; or (ii) the information omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (3) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person gives information or material or produces a document to a competent authority; ( b ) the person does so in response to a notice given to the person under section 16G; and ( c ) either — (i) the information or material or the document is false or misleading in a material particular; or (ii) the information or material omits any matter or thing without which the information or material is misleading in a material particular. (4) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (3) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. (5) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (3) in relation to any information or material which is required by a notice under section 16G to be given, it is a defence to the charge for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the accused took all reasonable steps, and exercised all due diligence, to ensure that — ( a ) the information or material was not false or misleading in a material particular; or ( b ) the information or material did not contain any omission which would have made the report or declaration misleading in a material particular. (6) The offence under subsection (3) is a strict liability offence. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s17L
chapter: PART 6 - OFFENCES
section: 17L
title: Offence of not giving information
content:
17L. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), a person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person is required by a notice given to the person under section 16G to provide a document or information or material to a competent authority; and ( b ) the person — (i) fails to provide the document or the information or material to the competent authority; or (ii) alters, suppresses or destroys any document or any information or material which the person has been required by the notice to provide. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $500 for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction. (3) In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is a defence for the accused to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the person does not possess the document or the information or material required; or ( b ) the person has taken all reasonable steps available to the person to obtain the document or the information or material required and has been unable to obtain it. (4) The offence under subsection (1) is a strict liability offence. (5) To avoid doubt, for the purposes of subsection (1), it is not a defence for a person to refuse or fail to provide any document or any information or material if doing so might tend to incriminate that person. (6) Where a person claims, before producing any document or giving any information or material that the person is required by section 16G to produce or give, that the production of the document or the giving of the information or material might tend to incriminate him — ( a ) that document or information or material; ( b ) the production of that document or the provision of that information or material; or ( c ) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or an indirect consequence of the production of the document or giving of the information or material, is not admissible in evidence against the person in any criminal proceedings other than proceedings for an offence under this Act or any written law in respect of the falsity of the document or the information or material. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 7 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 18
title: Decisions under Act not justiciable
content:
18. All orders and decisions of the President and the Minister and recommendations of the Council made under this Act are final and shall not be called in question in any court.


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 7 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 19
title: Regulations
content:
19. The Minister may make any regulations that appear to the Minister necessary or expedient for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this Act and may, in particular, provide for — ( a ) the procedures, conduct and meetings of the Council; ( b ) the publication of any notice, order or the extension, revocation, variation or confirmation thereof, or any recommendation of the Council, or any other document made under this Act; [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] ( c ) the procedures for and manner of making representations to the Minister or the Council; [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] ( d ) prescribing the procedure to be followed by the Council on receiving representations about restraining orders and when making recommendations to the President; [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] ( e ) requiring the making, keeping and auditing of records of religious donations and anonymous donations received and accepted by religious groups, and requiring and otherwise providing for the production, examination and copying of those records; [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] ( f ) requiring the making and keeping of records of affiliations, and the responsible officers and governing bodies of religious groups, and requiring and otherwise providing for the production, examination and copying of those records; ( g ) the creation of offences which shall be punishable with a fine not exceeding $5,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both; [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] ( h ) for any matter necessary, permitted or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act; or [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022] ( i ) matters of a saving or transitional nature consequent on amendments to the regulations. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 7 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 20
title: Service of documents
content:
20. —(1) A document that is permitted or required by this Act to be served on a person may be served as described in this section. (2) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on an individual may be served — ( a ) by giving it to the individual personally; ( b ) by sending it by post to the address specified by the individual for the service of documents or, if no address is so specified, the individual’s residential address or business address; ( c ) by leaving it at the individual’s residential address with an adult apparently resident there, or at the individual’s business address with an adult apparently employed there; ( d ) by affixing a copy of the document in a conspicuous place at the individual’s residential address or business address; ( e ) by sending it by fax to the fax number last known to the person giving or serving the document as the fax number for the service of documents on the individual; or ( f ) by sending it by email to the individual’s last email address. (3) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership) may be served — ( a ) by giving it to any partner or other similar officer of the partnership; ( b ) by leaving it at, or by sending it by post to, the partnership’s business address; ( c ) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the partnership’s business address; or ( d ) by sending it by email to the partnership’s last email address. (4) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership) or an unincorporated association may be served — ( a ) by giving it to the secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or unincorporated association, or the limited liability partnership’s manager; ( b ) by leaving it at, or by sending it by post to, the registered office or principal office in Singapore of the body corporate or unincorporated association; ( c ) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the registered office or principal office in Singapore of the body corporate or unincorporated association; or ( d ) by sending it by email to the last email address of the body corporate or unincorporated association. (5) In addition, a document (other than a summons) permitted or required by this Act to be served on an individual, a partnership, a body corporate or an unincorporated association may be served — ( a ) by giving an electronic notice to the individual, partnership, body corporate or unincorporated association (called in this section an addressee) by the addressee’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the addressee may use the addressee’s chosen means of access to access the document’s contents; ( b ) where by the exercise of reasonable diligence, the name of the addressee to whom the document is to be served cannot be ascertained, by sending an electronic communication of that document — (i) to an Internet location address or a website associated with that addressee; or (ii) to an account on social media associated with that addressee, if the account provides a mechanism for that addressee to receive electronic communications in that account; or ( c ) by any other method authorised by regulations made under section 19 for the service of documents of that kind if the addressee consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of a document of that kind in that way. (6) Service of a document takes effect — ( a ) if the document is sent by fax and a notification of successful transmission is received, on the day of transmission; ( b ) if the document is sent by email, at the time that the email becomes capable of being retrieved by the person to whom it is sent; ( c ) if the document is sent by post, 2 days after the day the document was posted (even if it is returned undelivered); and ( d ) if the document is posted on a website mentioned in subsection (5)( b ), at the beginning of the day after the date on which subsection (5)( b ) has been complied with. (7) However, service of any document under this Act on a person by email or by an electronic notice at the person’s chosen means of notification, may be effected only with the person’s prior consent (express or implied) to service in that way. (8) In this section — “business address” means — ( a ) in the case of an individual, the individual’s usual or last known place of business in Singapore; or ( b ) in the case of a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), the partnership’s principal or last known place of business in Singapore; “chosen means of access”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means the addressee agrees with the person giving or serving the document as the means by which the addressee may access that document’s contents; “chosen means of notification”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means that the addressee nominates to the person giving or serving the document as the means by which the addressee may be notified that such a document has been served on the addressee; “document” includes a notice or order permitted or required by this Act to be served but not a document to be served in proceedings in court; “last email address” means the last email address given by the addressee concerned to the person giving or serving the document as the email address for the service of documents under this Act; “residential address” means an individual’s usual or last known place of residence in Singapore. [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: mrha-1990
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 7 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 21
title: Exemption
content:
21. —(1) The Minister may, by order in the Gazette , exempt any class of persons from the operation of all or any of the provisions of Part 4 * or the regulations made for the purpose of that Part. [*Updated to be consisted with the 2020 Revised Edition] (2) All orders made under this section must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette . [Act 31 of 2019 wef 01/11/2022]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “alteration” includes deterioration; “Authority” means the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore established under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “beneficial interest” includes interests arising under contract and other equitable interests; “cargo ship” means any ship which is not a passenger ship; “certificated officer” means any officer holding a certificate issued or deemed to have been issued in accordance with regulations made under section 47; “collision regulations” means regulations made under section 100(2)( h ); “consular officer” includes — ( a ) a consul, ambassador, high commissioner, commissioner or other head of a diplomatic mission; ( b ) a Minister; ( c ) a charge d’affairs; and ( d ) a counsellor, secretary or attache of an embassy or other mission; “court”, in relation to any proceedings, includes any court having jurisdiction in the matter to which the proceedings relate; “crew” means the following: ( a ) if the ship is a ship to which the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014 applies, all the seafarers employed on board that ship; ( b ) if the ship is not a ship mentioned in paragraph ( a ), the master and all the seamen employed on board that ship; “crew agreement” means an agreement made pursuant to section 53; “crew member” means a member of the crew; “Director” means the Director of Marine appointed under section 4 and includes a Deputy Director of Marine; [Act 17 of 2025 wef 01/02/2026] “effects” includes clothes and documents; “equipment”, in relation to a ship, includes every fitting, thing or article belonging to, on or in the ship used or to be used in connection with, or necessary for the navigation or safety of, the ship or persons on board or the prevention of pollution, whether or not the fitting, thing or article is prescribed by this Act and, in particular, includes machinery, boilers, cargo handling gear and any fitting, thing or article prescribed by this Act; “harbour craft” means any ship that is used solely within the limits of the port that may be declared under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “load line” means a line indicating the maximum depth to which a ship, other than a passenger ship, may be loaded in circumstances prescribed by regulations made under section 100 and determined in accordance with those regulations; “master” includes every person, except a pilot, having command or charge of any ship; “name” includes a surname; “natural resources” means the mineral and other non-living resources of the seabed and its subsoil; “officer” includes a master, a mate, an engineer, a helmsman and an engine driver of any ship; “off-shore industry mobile unit” means — ( a ) a vessel that is used or intended for use in exploring or exploiting the natural resources of the subsoil of any seabed, or in any operation or activity associated with or incidental thereto, by drilling the seabed or its subsoil, or by obtaining substantial quantities of material from the seabed or its subsoil, with equipment that is on or forms part of the vessel; and ( b ) a barge or like vessel fitted with living quarters for more than 12 persons and used or intended for use in connection with the construction, maintenance or repair of any fixed structure used or intended for use in exploring or exploiting the natural resources of the subsoil of any seabed, or in any operation or activity associated with or incidental thereto; “passenger” means a person carried on board a ship with the knowledge or consent of the owner, manager, charterer, operator, agent or master of the ship, not being — ( a ) a person employed or engaged in any capacity on board the ship on the business of the ship; ( b ) a person on board the ship pursuant to an obligation imposed on the master by any law (including a law of a country other than Singapore) to convey persons left behind in any country on being shipwrecked, distressed or by reason of circumstances that could not have been prevented or forestalled by the owner, manager, charterer, operator, agent or master of the ship; ( c ) a person temporarily employed on the ship in port; or ( d ) a child below one year of age; “passenger ship” means a ship which carries more than 12 passengers; “pilot” means any person who does not belong to, but has the conduct of, a ship; “port” includes place; “Port Health Officer” means any person appointed as a Port Health Officer under the Infectious Diseases Act 1976; “Port Master” means the Port Master appointed under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996 and includes any Deputy Port Master; “port of return” means such port as is agreed upon by the crew member and his or her employer in the crew agreement or seafarer’s employment agreement (as the case may be) or otherwise, or, in the absence of agreement — ( a ) Singapore, in the case of a crew member who is resident in Singapore; or ( b ) the port where the crew member was employed or joined the ship, in any other case; “psychoactive substance” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973; [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] “Registrar” means the Registrar of Singapore ships; “representation” means probate, administration, confirmation or other instrument constituting a person the executor, administrator or other representative of a deceased person, and “legal personal representative” means the person so constituted executor, administrator or other representative of a deceased person; “salvor”, in relation to salvage services rendered by the officers or crew or part of the crew of any naval ship, means the person in command of that ship; “sea” includes any waters within the ebb and flow of tide; “seafarer” has the meaning given by the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014; “seafarer’s employment agreement” has the meaning given by the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014; “seaman” includes every person employed or engaged in any capacity on board a ship on the business of the ship, other than — ( a ) the master of the ship; ( b ) a pilot; or ( c ) a person temporarily employed on the ship in port; “ship” means any kind of vessel used in navigation by water, however propelled or moved and includes — ( a ) a barge, lighter or other floating vessel; ( b ) an air-cushion vehicle, or other similar craft, used wholly or primarily in navigation by water; and ( c ) an off-shore industry mobile unit; “Singapore ship” means a ship registered, provisionally or otherwise, under Part 2 and its registry is not closed or deemed to be closed or suspended under that Part; “subdivision load line” means a line indicating the maximum depth to which a passenger ship may be loaded having regard to the extent to which it is subdivided and to the space for the time being allotted to passengers as determined in accordance with regulations made under section 100; “voyage”, in relation to a ship, means the whole time and the whole distance when the ship is at sea between the ship’s port of departure and its port of arrival; “wages” includes emoluments; “young person” means any person who has not attained 18 years of age. [56/2004; 6/2014] (2) References in this Act — ( a ) to a failure to do any act or thing include references to a refusal or neglect to do that act or thing; ( b ) to going to sea include, in the case of a Singapore ship, references to going to sea from any country outside Singapore; ( c ) to dying in a ship include references to dying in a ship’s boat or life raft and to being lost from a ship, ship’s boat or life raft; and ( d ) to this Act include references to regulations made under this Act. (3) For the purposes of this Act — ( a ) a crew member is discharged from a ship when his or her employment on that ship is terminated; ( b ) a crew member discharged from a ship in any country and left there is deemed to be left behind in that country even though the ship also remains there; and ( c ) a ship is deemed to have gone to sea if it has got under way for any purpose except for the purpose of moving the ship from one berth or place in a port to another berth or place in the port. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 3
title: Exemption of naval ships, etc.
content:
3. This Act, with the exception of Part 8 or where the contrary intention appears, does not apply to or in relation to any ship belonging to the naval, military or air forces of Singapore or any other country.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 4
title: Appointment of Director of Marine, etc.
content:
4. —(1) The Authority may appoint a Director of Marine and one or more Deputy Directors of Marine. [Act 17 of 2025 wef 01/02/2026] (2) If the Director is temporarily absent from Singapore or temporarily incapacitated by reason of illness or for any reason temporarily unable to perform his or her duties, a person may be appointed by the Authority to act in the place of the Director during any such period of absence from duty. (3) The Director may appoint such number of officers as the Director thinks fit for the purpose of carrying out all or any of the functions conferred on the Director by this Act. (4) The Director may delegate to any officer appointed under this section all or any of the powers conferred on the Director by this Act, except the powers conferred by section 113. [Act 17 of 2025 wef 01/02/2026]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 5
title: Appointment of surveyors
content:
5. —(1) The Director may appoint, either generally or for special purposes or on special occasions, any person to be a surveyor of ships or a radio surveyor for the purposes of this Act. (2) Every surveyor of ships and every radio surveyor is to have and perform the powers, functions and duties prescribed by this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 6
title: Delegation of powers by Authority
content:
6. The Authority may delegate to any of its officers all or any of the functions and powers conferred on the Authority by this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 7
title: Application of this Part
content:
7. This Part does not apply to any fishing vessel, that is to say, any ship which is for the time being used for fishing or processing fish.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 8
title: Conditions for registration of ships
content:
8. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing the conditions for the registration of a ship as a Singapore ship. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), regulations made under this section may make provision — ( a ) describing the persons qualified to own Singapore ships or any share therein (called in this Part persons qualified to own Singapore ships); ( b ) requiring a corporation having a share capital to have a minimum amount of paid-up capital; ( c ) limiting the age and tonnage of a ship; ( d ) requiring a corporate owner to disclose to the Registrar such particulars and in such manner as may be specified before making an application to register a ship; and ( e ) empowering the Registrar to close the registry of a Singapore ship and cancel its certificate of registry for any contravention of the regulations. (3) The Registrar may refuse to register any ship as a Singapore ship without assigning any reason.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 9
title: Register of Singapore ships
content:
9. —(1) The Director is the Registrar of Singapore ships. (2) The Registrar must keep a register of ships registered as Singapore ships under the provisions of this Part in accordance with the following provisions: ( a ) the property in a ship may be divided into any number of shares and such number must not be changed unless the ship is registered anew; ( b ) a person is not entitled to be registered as an owner of a fractional part of a share in the ship; ( c ) joint owners are to be considered as constituting one person only as regards the persons entitled to be registered, and are not entitled to dispose of in severalty any interest in a ship or in any share therein in respect of which they are registered; ( d ) a corporation may be registered as an owner by its corporate name.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 10
title: Marking of ship
content:
10. —(1) Every ship must, before registry, be marked permanently and conspicuously to the satisfaction of the Registrar as follows: ( a ) its name must be marked on each of its bows, and its name and the name of its port of registry must be marked on its stern, on a dark ground in white or yellow letters or on a light ground in black letters, such letters to be of a length not less than one decimetre and of proportionate breadth; ( b ) its official number must be cut in on its main beam; ( c ) a scale of decimetres, or of metres and decimetres, denoting its draught of water must be marked on each side of its stem and of its stern post — (i) in figures at two-decimetre intervals, if the scale is in decimetres; (ii) in figures at each metre interval and at intervening two-decimetre intervals, if the scale is in metres and decimetres; and (iii) the capital letter “M” being placed after each metre figure; the top figure of the scale showing both the metre and (except where it marks a full metre interval) the decimetre figure; the lower line of figures, or figures and letters (as the case may be), coinciding with the draught line denoted thereby, the figures and letters being not less than one decimetre in length and being marked by being cut in and painted white or yellow on a dark ground, or in any other way that the Director may approve. (2) The Registrar may exempt any ship or class of ships from all or any of the requirements of this section. (3) If the scale showing a ship’s draught of water is in any respect inaccurate, so as to be likely to mislead, the owner of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 11
title: Application for initial registry
content:
11. —(1) An application for the registry of a ship must be — ( a ) made in writing by the person applying to be registered as owner or by some other person on the firstmentioned person’s behalf; and ( b ) submitted together with the declaration of ownership, the document of title to the ship, evidence of the cancellation of any foreign registry, the ship’s tonnage certificate, a certificate specifying the ship’s build and such other particulars as the Registrar may require, such evidence of seaworthiness as may be specified in the regulations made under section 45 and any other document relating to the ship that the Registrar may require. (2) A person is not entitled to be registered as owner of a ship or of a share therein until the person, or, in the case of a corporation, the person authorised under this Act to make declarations on behalf of the corporation, has made and signed a declaration of ownership in the prescribed form and containing the following particulars: ( a ) the name of the ship and its gross and net tonnages and any other particulars that may be prescribed; ( b ) a statement of the person’s qualification to own a Singapore ship, or, in the case of a corporation, those circumstances of the constitution and business of the corporation as prove it to be qualified to own a Singapore ship; ( c ) a statement of the time when and the place where the ship was built, or, if the time and the place of building are unknown, a statement that the declarant does not know the time and place of its building; ( d ) a statement as to the owner of the ship and the owner’s citizenship and, if the ship is owned by more than one person, the number of shares each of them is entitled to; ( e ) a declaration that, to the best of the person’s knowledge and belief, no unqualified person is entitled as owner to any legal or beneficial interest in the ship or any share therein.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 12
title: Provisional registry
content:
12. —(1) The Registrar may provisionally register a ship and grant a provisional certificate of registry if the application under section 11 is not accompanied by the document of title, evidence of cancellation of any foreign registry, the tonnage certificate or any other document that the Registrar may determine. (2) The provisional registry of a ship is valid for a maximum period of one year from the date of issue and the provisions of this Act and any other written law apply to a ship provisionally registered under this section, its owner and provisional certificate of registry as they apply to a Singapore ship, its owner and certificate of registry.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 13
title: Entry of particulars in register
content:
13. —(1) The Registrar must, if he or she is satisfied that the requirements preliminary to registry, whether provisional or otherwise, have been complied with by the applicant for the registry of a ship and, upon payment of the fees specified in section 14, enter in the register the following particulars of the ship: ( a ) the name of the ship and the port to which it belongs; ( b ) the ship’s build and other particulars descriptive of the identity of the ship; ( c ) the particulars respecting its origin stated in the declaration of ownership; ( d ) the name and description of its owner and, if there are more owners than one, the proportions in which they are interested in the ship. (2) The Registrar may, at any time, make any other entries in the register as he or she considers necessary.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 14
title: Fees and tonnage taxes on registration
content:
14. —(1) The fee for the initial registration or registration anew of a ship registered under this Part is $2.50 per net ton of the ship, subject to a minimum of $1,250 and a maximum of $100,000. (2) An annual tonnage tax of 20 cents per net ton, subject to a minimum of $100, is payable in respect of every Singapore ship. (3) The annual tonnage tax must be paid at the time of initial registration or registration anew of the ship and thereafter annually on or before the anniversary date of the initial registration or registration anew, as the case may be. (4) All unpaid fees and tonnage taxes in respect of any ship due to the Registrar constitute a maritime lien on the ship, subject only to liens for wages. (5) The Minister may, either generally or on specific occasions, reduce the fee or annual tonnage tax prescribed under this section. (6) Any person authorised by the Minister for the purposes of this subsection may, either generally or on specific occasions, reduce the fee prescribed under subsection (1). [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 15
title: Documents to be retained by Registrar
content:
15. On the registry of a ship, the Registrar must retain in his or her possession all the documents submitted under section 11, except the document of title.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 16
title: Certificate of registry
content:
16. —(1) On completion of the registry of a ship, the Registrar must grant a certificate of registry which must state the particulars entered in the register. (2) Where a ship has been provisionally registered under section 12 without the tonnage certificate, the fees paid under section 14 must be adjusted according to the tonnage established in the tonnage certificate. (3) The provisional certificate of registry (if any) must be delivered up to the Registrar for cancellation. (4) Where a ship has been provisionally registered under section 12 and its registry is not completed within the period specified in that section, the registry of the ship is deemed to be closed (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein) and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 17
title: Use, custody and delivery up of certificate
content:
17. —(1) The certificate of registry of a ship must be used only for the lawful navigation of the ship and must not be subject to detention by reason of any title, lien, charge or interest whatsoever had or claimed by any owner, mortgagee or other person to, on or in the ship. (2) Any person, whether interested in the ship or not, who refuses, without reasonable cause, on request to deliver up the certificate of registry when it is in the person’s possession or under the person’s control to — ( a ) the person entitled to the custody thereof for the purposes of the lawful navigation of the ship; ( b ) the Registrar; or ( c ) any other person entitled by law to require such delivery, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. (3) Where the registry of a ship is closed or deemed to be closed under this Part (except under section 43), the registered owner of the ship at the time of the closure who fails, without reasonable cause, to deliver up the certificate of registry to the Registrar for cancellation within 60 days of the closure shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. (4) If any person uses or attempts to use for the navigation of a ship a certificate of registry which is not legally granted in respect of the ship or the registry of which has been closed or deemed to be closed, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 18
title: Transfer of ship and registration of bill of sale
content:
18. —(1) A Singapore ship or any share therein must be transferred by a bill of sale. (2) The bill of sale for the transfer of a ship or any share therein to a person qualified to own a Singapore ship must be in the prescribed form and must contain such description of the ship as is contained in the register and must be executed by the transferor in the presence of and be attested by a witness or witnesses. (3) Every bill of sale must be produced to the Registrar and the Registrar must thereupon enter in the register the name of the transferee. [Act 17 of 2025 wef 01/02/2026] (4) Bills of sale must be entered in the register in the order of their production to the Registrar. (5) The Registrar must not make an entry under this section in respect of any ship if there is — ( a ) any unsatisfied mortgage entered in its register, unless, where the ship or any share therein is transferred to a person qualified to own a Singapore ship, the mortgagee has given consent in writing; ( b ) any subsisting entry made under section 24 prohibiting any dealing with the ship; ( c ) any unpaid fees within the meaning of section 213(4) with respect to the ship; and ( d ) any outstanding claim of any crew member of the ship in respect of wages which has been notified to the Director. [6/2014] (6) Subsection (5) does not apply in respect of a bill of sale executed pursuant to an order of the General Division of the High Court for the sale of a Singapore ship or any share therein. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 19
title: Transfer to person qualified to own Singapore ship
content:
19. —(1) Where a Singapore ship or any share therein is transferred to a person qualified to own a Singapore ship and the bill of sale is registered under section 18, the ship must, subject to section 42, be registered anew. (2) If the ship is not registered anew or its registry is not closed within 60 days of the date on which the bill of sale (or the first bill of sale if there are more than one bill of sale) is registered, the registry of the ship is deemed to be closed (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein) and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 20
title: Transfer to person not qualified to own Singapore ship
content:
20. —(1) A Singapore ship or any share therein must not be transferred to a person not qualified to own a Singapore ship if there is — ( a ) any unsatisfied mortgage entered in its register; ( b ) any subsisting entry made under section 24 prohibiting any dealing with the ship; ( c ) any unpaid fees within the meaning of section 213(4) with respect to the ship; and ( d ) any outstanding claim of any crew member of the ship in respect of wages which has been notified to the Director. [6/2014] (2) Where a Singapore ship or any share therein is transferred to a person not qualified to own a Singapore ship and the bill of sale is registered under section 18, the registry of the ship is deemed to be closed and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register. (3) This section, except subsection (2), does not apply to a Singapore ship or any share therein sold pursuant to an order of the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 21
title: Transmission of property in ship on marriage, bankruptcy, death, etc.
content:
21. —(1) Where the property in a Singapore ship or any share therein is transmitted to a person on the marriage, bankruptcy or death of any registered owner, or by any lawful means other than by a transfer under this Part — ( a ) that person must authenticate the transmission by making and signing a declaration of transmission identifying the ship and containing the particulars specified in section 11(2)( b ) and ( e ), or as near thereto as circumstances admit, or if that person is not qualified to own a Singapore ship, a statement to that effect, and also a statement of the manner in which and the person to whom the property has been transmitted; ( b ) if the transmission is consequent on bankruptcy, the declaration of transmission must be accompanied by such evidence as is for the time being receivable in courts of law as proof of the title of persons claiming under a bankruptcy; and ( c ) if the transmission is consequent on death, the declaration of transmission must be accompanied by the instrument of representation, or an official extract therefrom. (2) The declaration of transmission and the evidence under subsection (1) must be produced to the Registrar and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register. (3) Where the property in a Singapore ship or any share therein is transmitted to a person qualified to own a Singapore ship, the ship must, subject to section 42, be registered anew and if the ship is not registered anew or its registry is not closed within 60 days of the date on which the entry is made under subsection (2) or such longer period not exceeding one year as the Registrar may allow, the registry of the ship is deemed to be closed (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein) and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 22
title: Order for sale on transmission to unqualified person
content:
22. —(1) Where the property in a Singapore ship or any share therein is transmitted on death or bankruptcy to a person not qualified to own a Singapore ship, the General Division of the High Court may, on the application by or on behalf of the unqualified person or any other person having an interest in the ship, order a sale of the property so transmitted and direct that the proceeds of the sale, after deducting the expenses thereof, be paid to the person entitled under the transmission or as the General Division of the High Court otherwise directs. [40/2019] (2) The General Division of the High Court may require any evidence in support of the application and may make the order on any terms and conditions or may refuse to make the order and generally may act in any manner that the General Division of the High Court thinks just. [40/2019] (3) Every such application for sale must be made within 60 days after the occurrence of the event on which the transmission has taken place, or within such longer period not exceeding in aggregate one year as the General Division of the High Court may allow. [40/2019] (4) If such an application is not made within the period specified or allowed under subsection (3), or if the General Division of the High Court refuses an order for sale, the registry of the ship is deemed to be closed (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein) and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 23
title: Transfer of ship or sale by order of court
content:
23. Where any court, whether under the preceding sections of this Act or otherwise, orders the sale of a ship or any share therein, the order of the court is to contain a declaration vesting in some person named by the court the right to transfer that ship or share, and that person is thereupon entitled to transfer the ship or share in the same manner and to the same extent as if that person were the registered owner thereof; and the Registrar must accept the requisition of the person so named in respect of any such transfer to the same extent as if that person were the registered owner.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 24
title: Power of General Division of High Court to prohibit transfer
content:
24. —(1) The General Division of the High Court may, if it thinks fit (without affecting the exercise of any other power of the General Division of the High Court), on the application of any interested person make an order prohibiting for a specified time any dealing with a ship or any share therein, and the General Division of the High Court may make the order on any terms and conditions the General Division of the High Court thinks just, or may refuse to make the order or may discharge the order when made, with or without costs, and generally may act in any manner that the General Division of the High Court thinks just. [40/2019] (2) The Registrar, without being made a party to the proceedings, must, on being served with the order or an official copy thereof, accept the same and make an entry thereof in the register.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 25
title: Mortgage of ship or share
content:
25. —(1) A Singapore ship or any share therein may be made a security for a loan or other valuable consideration, and the instrument creating the security (called in this Part a mortgage) must be in the prescribed form or as near thereto as circumstances permit, and on production of that instrument the Registrar must record it in the register. (2) Mortgages must be recorded by the Registrar in the order in time in which they are produced to him or her for that purpose, and the Registrar must endorse and sign a memorandum on each mortgage stating the date and time of that record.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 26
title: Obligation of mortgagor before execution and registration of mortgage
content:
26. —(1) Before executing any mortgage to be registered under this Act, the mortgagor must disclose in writing to the mortgagee the existence of any maritime lien, prior mortgage, or other liability in respect of the ship to be mortgaged, which is known to the mortgagor. (2) Where the mortgagor has failed to comply with this section, the mortgage debt must, at the election of the mortgagee, become immediately due and payable, despite anything to the contrary in the mortgage.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 27
title: Entry of discharge of mortgage
content:
27. Where a registered mortgage is discharged, the Registrar must, on production of the mortgage, with the discharge duly signed and attested, make an entry in the register to the effect that the mortgage has been discharged, and on that entry being made, the estate (if any) which passed to the mortgagee vests in the person in whom (having regard to any intervening acts and circumstances) it would have vested, if the mortgage had not been made.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 28
title: Priority of mortgages
content:
28. If there are more than one mortgages registered in respect of the same ship or share, the mortgagees must, despite any express, implied or constructive notice, be entitled in priority one over the other, according to the date and time of the record of each mortgage in the register and not according to the date of each mortgage itself.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 29
title: Mortgagee not deemed to be owner
content:
29. Except as may be necessary for making a mortgaged ship or any share therein available as a security for the mortgage debt, the mortgagee is not, by reason of the mortgage, deemed to be the owner of the ship or share, nor is the mortgagor deemed to have ceased to be the owner of the ship or share.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s30
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 30
title: Powers of mortgagee
content:
30. —(1) Every registered mortgagee has power absolutely to dispose of the ship or share in respect of which the mortgagee is registered, and to give effectual receipts for the purchase money; but where there are more persons than one registered as mortgagees of the same ship or share, a subsequent mortgagee must not, except under the order of the General Division of the High Court, sell the ship or share without the concurrence of every prior mortgagee. [40/2019] (2) Every registered mortgagee is entitled to enforce the mortgagee’s mortgage by an action in rem in admiralty whenever any sum secured by the mortgage is unpaid when due or otherwise in accordance with the terms of any deed or instrument collateral to the mortgage.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s31
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 31
title: Transfer of mortgages
content:
31. —(1) A registered mortgage of a ship or any share therein may be transferred to any person and the instrument effecting the transfer must be in the prescribed form or as near thereto as circumstances permit, and on production of such instrument, the Registrar must record the transfer by entering in the register the name of the transferee as mortgagee of the ship or share and must endorse and sign on the instrument of transfer a memorandum that the transfer has been recorded by the Registrar stating the date and time of that record. (2) The person to whom any registered mortgage has been transferred enjoys the same right of preference as was enjoyed by the transferor.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s32
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 32
title: Transmission of interest in mortgage in certain circumstances
content:
32. —(1) Where the interest of a mortgagee in a Singapore ship or any share therein is transmitted on the death or bankruptcy of the mortgagee, or by any lawful means other than by a transfer under this Act, the transmission must be authenticated by a declaration of the person to whom the interest is transmitted. (2) A declaration made under this section must contain a statement of the manner in which, and the person to whom, the property has been transmitted, and must be accompanied by the like evidence as is by this Act required in the case of a corresponding transmission of the ownership of a Singapore ship or any share therein. (3) The Registrar must, on receipt of the declaration and production of the evidence aforesaid, enter the name of the person entitled under the transmission in the register as mortgagee of the ship or share.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s33
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 33
title: Notice of trusts not received and equities not excluded
content:
33. —(1) No notice of any trust, express, implied or constructive, may be entered in the register or be receivable by the Registrar, and, subject to any rights and powers appearing on the register to be vested in any other person, the registered owner of a ship or any share therein has power absolutely to dispose, in the manner provided in this Part, of the ship or share, and to give effectual receipts for any money paid or advanced by way of consideration. (2) Subject to this section and sections 8 and 30, interests arising under contract or other equitable interests may be enforced by or against the owners and mortgagees of ships in respect of their interests therein in the same manner as in respect of any other personal property.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s34
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 34
title: Alteration of ship
content:
34. —(1) When a Singapore ship is so altered as not to correspond with the particulars relating to its tonnage or description contained in the register, the owner must apply for the ship to be registered anew. (2) If the owner of a Singapore ship, without reasonable cause, fails to register anew the ship so altered, the owner shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction for each offence to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and to a further fine not exceeding $200 for every day during which the offence continues after conviction.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s35
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 35
title: Procedure for registry anew
content:
35. —(1) Where a ship is to be registered anew, the Registrar must proceed as in the case of initial registry and upon the requisites to registry, or those of them that the Registrar considers material, being duly complied with, must make such registry anew and grant a new certificate of registry. (2) Where a ship has been registered anew under subsection (1), the former certificate of registry must be delivered up to the Registrar for cancellation and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the former register. (3) Where a ship is registered anew, its former register is deemed to be closed (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered on the former register) but the names of all persons appearing on the former register to be interested in the ship as owners or mortgagees must be entered on the new register, and the registry anew must not in any way affect the rights of any of those persons.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s36
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 36
title: National colours for Singapore ships
content:
36. —(1) The Minister is to prescribe an ensign, which is the proper national colours for a Singapore ship. (2) If any distinctive national colours other than the said ensign are hoisted on board any Singapore ship without the consent of the Minister, the master of the ship or the owner thereof if on board the ship, and every other person hoisting the colours shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s37
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 37
title: Penalty for not showing colours
content:
37. —(1) A Singapore ship must hoist the proper national colours on entering or leaving any port. (2) If the master of a Singapore ship, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with this section, the master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s38
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 38
title: Certified copy or transcript of register
content:
38. —(1) Any person may, on payment of the prescribed fee, on application to the Registrar at a reasonable time, inspect any register of Singapore ships or apply for a certified copy or transcript thereof. (2) If the register of a Singapore ship is free of registered encumbrances, the Registrar may, at the request of the applicant, certify that fact in the copy or transcript of the register.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s39
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 39
title: Correction of errors in register
content:
39. —(1) The Registrar may correct any clerical error or obvious mistake in the register of a Singapore ship. (2) Any error relating to the particulars descriptive of a ship in the register may be corrected by entry (but so that the original entry remains legible) by the Registrar on the production to the Registrar, by the owner requiring the error to be corrected, of a declaration setting forth the nature of the error and the facts of the case and made by the owner or some other person having knowledge of the facts of the case.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s40
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 40
title: Rectification of register by General Division of High Court
content:
40. —(1) Any person who is aggrieved by any incorrect entry or omission in the register of a Singapore ship may apply to the General Division of the High Court for rectification of the register and the General Division of the High Court may make any order that it thinks fit directing the rectification of the register. [40/2019] (2) The General Division of the High Court may, in proceedings under this section, decide any question that is necessary or expedient to decide in connection with the rectification of the register. [40/2019] (3) Notice of an application under this section by a person aggrieved must be served on the Registrar, who may appear and be heard, and must appear if so directed by the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019] (4) An official copy of an order under this section must be served on the Registrar who must, upon receipt of the order, rectify the register accordingly.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s41
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 41
title: Delivery up of certificate on loss, etc., of ship
content:
41. —(1) Where a Singapore ship is actually or constructively lost, taken by the enemy, burnt or broken up, every owner of the ship or any share therein must, immediately on having knowledge of the event, if no notice thereof has already been given to the Registrar, give notice thereof to the Registrar, and the Registrar must make an entry thereof in the register and the registry of the ship is deemed to be closed except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein. (2) In any such case, except where the ship’s certificate of registry is lost or destroyed, the owner or the master of the ship must, within 30 days of the event, deliver the certificate to the Registrar. (3) Any owner or master of a ship who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s42
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 42
title: Voluntary closure of registry
content:
42. —(1) The owner of a Singapore ship may make a written application to close its registry if there is no — ( a ) unsatisfied mortgage entered in its register; ( b ) subsisting entry made under section 24 prohibiting any dealing with the ship; ( c ) unpaid fees within the meaning of section 213(4) with respect to the ship; and ( d ) outstanding claim of any crew member of the ship in respect of wages which has been notified to the Director. [6/2014] (2) The application must specify the name of the ship, the intended port and country of registry (if applicable) or otherwise the reason for the closure and must be submitted to the Registrar together with the certificate of registry of the ship. (3) On receipt of the application and the certificate of registry, the Registrar must, if the Registrar is satisfied of the matters mentioned in subsection (1), close the registry of the ship and make an entry thereof in the register. (4) For the purposes of this section, “owner” includes any transferee of, or any person entitled under a transmission to the property in, a Singapore ship.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s43
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 43
title: Power of Authority to close registry and cancel certificate of registry
content:
43. —(1) The Authority may close the registry of a Singapore ship (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein) and cancel its certificate of registry for any contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or any international convention applicable to Singapore. (2) The Authority may close the registry of a Singapore ship (except in relation to any unsatisfied mortgages entered therein) and cancel its certificate of registry if the Authority is satisfied that it is not in the public interest for the ship to continue to be registered as a Singapore ship. (3) Where the registry of a ship is closed under this section, the registered owner of the ship at the time of the closure who fails to deliver up the certificate of registry to the Registrar for cancellation within 30 days of the closure shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s44
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 44
title: Rules as to name of ship
content:
44. —(1) A ship must not be registered under any name except a name which is approved by the Registrar and a Singapore ship must not be described by any name other than that by which it is for the time being registered. (2) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations for the approval of a ship’s name and the changes thereto. (3) Without limiting subsection (2), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, in the regulations — ( a ) require an existing ship to be registered under its existing name unless a change thereof has been approved in accordance with the regulations; and ( b ) require an existing ship to change its name if it is the same as or similar to the name of a Singapore ship. (4) In this section, “registered” includes registered anew.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s45
chapter: PART 2 - SINGAPORE REGISTRY
section: 45
title: Regulations on evidence of seaworthiness, etc.
content:
45. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make any regulations that the Authority considers necessary or expedient to implement the provisions of this Part. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, in particular, make regulations — ( a ) specifying the documents which may be accepted as evidence of seaworthiness of a ship for the purposes of section 11; ( b ) providing for the submission of the documents to the Registrar at any time after the registry of a ship; ( c ) providing for the registration of pleasure craft; ( d ) providing for the registration of ships which are bareboat chartered by persons qualified to own Singapore ships; ( e ) providing for the suspension of the registry of a Singapore ship which is bareboat chartered out and registered in another state; ( f ) specifying the provisions of this Act which apply, with such modifications as may be specified, to a ship which is bareboat chartered by persons qualified to own Singapore ships; and ( g ) specifying the provisions of this Act which continue to apply, with such modifications as may be specified, despite the suspension of the registry of a Singapore ship and its registration in another country.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s46
chapter: PART 3 - MANNING AND CERTIFICATION
section: 46
title: Application of this Part
content:
46. —(1) This Part does not apply to — ( a ) any ship employed exclusively in the fishing industry; ( b ) any pleasure craft; ( c ) any harbour craft; and ( d ) any ship which is not propelled by mechanical means. (2) Subject to subsection (1), this Part applies to every Singapore ship and to any ship that enters or leaves any port in Singapore.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s47
chapter: PART 3 - MANNING AND CERTIFICATION
section: 47
title: Manning and certification
content:
47. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations — ( a ) requiring ships to carry any number of qualified officers of any description, qualified doctors and any number of qualified or other seamen of any description that may be specified in the regulations; ( b ) prescribing standards of competence to be attained and other conditions to be satisfied (subject to any exemptions allowed by or under the regulations) by officers and other seamen of any description in order to be qualified for the purposes of this section; and ( c ) providing that existing certificates, except in such cases as are specified in the regulations, are deemed for the purposes of this Act to be issued pursuant to this section and to confer on the persons to whom they are issued any qualifications that may be specified in the regulations. (2) In subsection (1), “existing certificate” means a certificate granted before 1 August 1986. (3) Without limiting paragraph ( b ) of subsection (1), the conditions prescribed or specified under that paragraph may include conditions as to nationality and regulations made for the purposes of that paragraph may make provision for — ( a ) the manner in which the attainment of any standard or the satisfaction of any other condition is to be evidenced; ( b ) the conduct of any examination, the condition for admission to the examination and the appointment and remuneration of examiners; and ( c ) the issue, surrender, replacement, form and recording of certificates and other documents.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s48
chapter: PART 3 - MANNING AND CERTIFICATION
section: 48
title: Prohibition of going to sea undermanned
content:
48. Subject to any exemption under section 215, if a ship goes to sea or attempts to go to sea without carrying the number of officers, doctors and other seamen that it is required to carry under section 47, the owner or the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and the ship may be detained.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s49
chapter: PART 3 - MANNING AND CERTIFICATION
section: 49
title: Unqualified persons going to sea as qualified officers
content:
49. —(1) If a person goes to sea as a qualified officer, doctor or seaman of any description without being such a qualified officer, doctor or seaman, that person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000. (2) In this section, “qualified” means qualified for the purposes of section 47.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s50
chapter: PART 3 - MANNING AND CERTIFICATION
section: 50
title: Production of certificates and other documents of qualification
content:
50. Any person serving or engaged to serve in any ship and holding any certificate or other document which is evidence that the person is qualified for the purposes of section 47 must on demand produce it to the Director, the Port Master, a surveyor of ships or any person authorised by the Director and (if the firstmentioned person is not the master) to the master of the ship; and if the firstmentioned person fails to do so without reasonable cause the firstmentioned person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s51
chapter: PART 3 - MANNING AND CERTIFICATION
section: 51
title: Certificate obtained by fraud
content:
51. —(1) Any person who fraudulently obtains a certificate under this Part shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (2) The Authority may cancel any certificate issued under this Part which is fraudulently obtained and the person to whom the certificate has been issued must, upon being notified by the Director of its cancellation, forthwith deliver it or cause it to be delivered to the Director.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s52
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 52
title: Application of this Part and interpretation
content:
52. —(1) This Part does not apply to — ( a ) any ship employed exclusively in the fishing industry; ( b ) any pleasure craft; ( c ) any harbour craft; and ( d ) any ship which is not propelled by mechanical means. (2) Sections 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75(1), 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 95 and 96 do not apply to any ship to which the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014 applies. [6/2014] (3) Subject to subsection (1) and to any extension to foreign ships under section 97, this Part applies only to Singapore ships. (4) For the purposes of this Part, except sections 72, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81 and 83, “seaman” (despite the definition in section 2) includes the master of a ship. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s53
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 53
title: Crew agreements
content:
53. —(1) Except as provided under subsection (4), a written agreement — ( a ) must be made between each person employed as a seaman on a ship and the person employing that seaman; and ( b ) must be signed both by the person employed as a seaman on a ship and by or on behalf of the person employing that seaman. (2) The agreements made under this section with the several persons employed on a ship must be contained in one document (called in this Act a crew agreement) except that in any cases that the Director may approve — ( a ) the agreements to be made under this section with the persons employed on a ship may be contained in more than one crew agreement; and ( b ) one crew agreement may relate to more than one ship. (3) Subject to this section, a crew agreement must be carried in the ship to which the agreement relates whenever the ship goes to sea. (4) This section does not apply to any ship of less than 25 net tons exclusively employed in trading within any limits that are prescribed by regulations. (5) If a ship goes to sea or attempts to go to sea in contravention of the requirements of this section, the master or the person employing the crew of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000, and the ship may be detained.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s54
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 54
title: Regulations relating to crew agreements, engagement and discharge of seamen
content:
54. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing the particulars to be entered in a crew agreement and the procedure to be followed in connection with the engagement and discharge of seamen from ships. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, in the regulations make provision — ( a ) regarding the period of validity of a crew agreement and the circumstances under which it may be extended; ( b ) requiring the engagement and discharge to be recorded, whether by entries in the crew agreement and discharge book or otherwise, and requiring copies of any such entry to be given to the Director; ( c ) requiring the posting in ships of copies of or extracts from crew agreements; ( d ) for cases where a seaman employed on a ship is left behind otherwise than on being discharged from the ship; and ( e ) requiring the crew agreement to be produced to the Director when the ship is in Singapore.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s55
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 55
title: Discharge of seamen when ship ceases to be registered in Singapore
content:
55. Where a ship registered in Singapore ceases to be so registered, any seaman employed on the ship must be discharged from the ship unless the seaman consents in writing to continue his or her employment on the ship; and sections 56 to 59 apply in relation to his or her wages as if the ship had remained registered in Singapore.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s56
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 56
title: Payment of seaman’s wages
content:
56. —(1) Except as provided by this Act or any other written law, the wages due to a seaman under a crew agreement relating to a ship must be paid to the seaman in full at the time when he or she leaves the ship on being discharged therefrom (called in this section and in section 57 the time of discharge). (2) If the amount shown in the account delivered to a seaman under section 57(1) as being the amount payable to him or her under subsection (1) is replaced by an increased amount shown in a further account delivered to him or her under section 57(3), the balance must be paid to him or her within 7 days of the time of discharge. (3) If any amount which, under subsection (2), is payable to a seaman is not paid at the time at which it is so payable, the seaman is entitled to wages at the rate last payable under the crew agreement for every day on which it remains unpaid until the full amount is paid. (4) Subsection (3) does not apply if the failure to pay was due to any reasonable dispute as to liability or to the act or default of the seaman or to any other cause, not being the wrongful act or default of the person liable to pay the seaman’s wages or of that person’s employee or agent. (5) Where a seaman is employed under a crew agreement relating to more than one ship, this section has effect, in relation to wages due to the seaman under the agreement, as if for any reference to the time of discharge there were substituted a reference to the termination of his or her employment under the crew agreement. (6) Where a seaman is discharged under section 55, from a ship outside his or her port of return but returns to that port under arrangement made by the person who employed the seaman, this section has effect, in relation to the wages due to the seaman under a crew agreement relating to the ship, as if for the references in subsections (1) to (3) to the time of discharge there were substituted references to the time of the seaman’s return to that port and subsection (5) were omitted.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s57
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 57
title: Account of seaman’s wages
content:
57. —(1) Subject to subsection (4) and to regulations made under section 58 or 85, the master of every ship must deliver to every seaman employed on the ship under a crew agreement an account of wages due to the seaman under that crew agreement and of the deductions subject to which the wages are payable. (2) The account must indicate that the amounts stated therein are subject to any later adjustment that may be found necessary and must be delivered not later than 24 hours before the time of discharge or, if the seaman is discharged without notice or at less than 24 hours’ notice, at the time of discharge. (3) If the amounts stated in the account require adjustment, the person who employed the seaman must deliver to the seaman a further account stating the adjusted amounts; and that account must be delivered to the seaman not later than the time at which the balance of his or her wages is payable to the seaman. (4) Where a seaman is employed under a crew agreement relating to more than one ship any account which under this section would be required to be delivered to the seaman by the master of the ship must instead be delivered to the seaman by the person employing the seaman and must be so delivered on or before the termination of the seaman’s employment under the crew agreement. (5) If a person, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with any of the provisions of this section, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s58
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 58
title: Regulations relating to wages and accounts
content:
58. The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations — ( a ) authorising deductions to be made from the wages due to a seaman under a crew agreement (in addition to any deduction authorised by any of the provisions of this Act or any other written law) in cases where a breach of his or her obligation under the crew agreement is alleged against the seaman and any condition that may be specified in the regulations are complied with, or in any other cases that may be specified in the regulations; ( b ) regulating the manner in which the amounts deducted under the regulations are to be dealt with; ( c ) prescribing the manner in which any wages due to a seaman under a crew agreement are to be or may be paid; ( d ) regulating the manner in which any wages due to a seaman under a crew agreement are to be dealt with and accounted for in circumstances where a seaman leaves his or her ship otherwise than on being discharged therefrom; and ( e ) prescribing the form and manner in which any account required to be delivered under section 57 is to be prepared and the particulars to be contained therein (which may include estimated amounts).


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s59
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 59
title: Settlement of disputes
content:
59. —(1) Any dispute, of whatever nature, between a seaman and the person employing the seaman, the master or the owner of a ship may be submitted by any party to the Director for decision, or, in the case of a dispute relating to the amount payable to a seaman under a crew agreement and the amount exceeds $5,000, by all the parties involved except that if the Director is of opinion that the dispute is one which ought to be decided by a court of law, the Director may refuse to decide it. (2) The decision of the Director on a dispute submitted to the Director under this section is final. (3) An award made by the Director upon the submission is conclusive as to the rights of the parties, and the submission or award does not require a stamp; and a document purporting to be the submission or award is admissible as evidence thereof.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s60
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 60
title: Restriction on attachment or assignment of and charge upon crew member’s wages
content:
60. —(1) Subject to this section, the following provisions have effect with respect to the wages due or accruing to a crew member employed on a ship: ( a ) the wages are not subject to attachment; ( b ) an assignment thereof before they have accrued does not bind the crew member and the payment of the wages to the crew member is valid despite any previous assignment or charge; ( c ) a power of attorney or authority for the receipt of the wages is not irrevocable. [6/2014] (2) Nothing in this section affects the provisions of this Act or the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour Convention) Act 2014 with respect to allotment notes. [6/2014] (3) Nothing in this section applies to any disposition relating to the application of wages — ( a ) in the payment of contributions to a fund declared by regulations to be a fund to which this section applies; or ( b ) in the payment of contributions in respect of the membership of a body declared by regulations to be a body to which this section applies, or to anything done or to be done for giving effect to such a disposition.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s61
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 61
title: Assignment or sale of salvage invalid
content:
61. Subject to this Act, an assignment or sale of salvage payable to a crew member made prior to the accruing thereof does not bind the person making the assignment or sale of salvage; and a power of attorney or authority for the receipt of any such salvage is not irrevocable. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s62
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 62
title: Allotment notes
content:
62. —(1) Subject to this section, a seaman may, by means of an allotment note issued in accordance with regulations, allot to any person part of the wages to which the seaman will become entitled in the course of the seaman’s employment on a ship. (2) A seaman’s right to make an allotment under this section is subject to any limitations that may, by virtue of subsection (3), be imposed by regulations. (3) Regulations made for the purposes of this section may prescribe the form of allotment notes and may — ( a ) limit the circumstances in which allotment notes may be made; ( b ) limit (whether by reference to an amount or by reference to a proportion) the part of the wages that may be allotted and the number of persons to whom it may be allotted and may prescribe the method by which that part is to be calculated; ( c ) limit the persons to whom the allotments may be made by a seaman to persons of such descriptions or persons standing to the seaman in such relationships as may be prescribed by the regulations; and ( d ) prescribe the times and the intervals at which payments under allotment notes are to be made.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s63
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 63
title: Right of person named in allotment note to sue in own name
content:
63. —(1) A person to whom any part of a seaman’s wages has been allotted by an allotment note issued in accordance with regulations made under section 62 has the right to recover that part in the person’s own name and for that purpose has the same remedies as the seaman has for the recovery of his or her wages. (2) In any proceedings brought by a person named in such an allotment note as the person to whom any part of a seaman’s wages has been allotted, it is presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that the seaman is entitled to the wages specified in the note and that the allotment has not been varied or cancelled.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s64
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 64
title: Right, or loss of right, to wages in certain circumstances
content:
64. —(1) Where a ship is wrecked or lost, a seaman whose employment on the ship is thereby terminated before the date contemplated in the agreement under which he or she is so employed is, subject to this section, entitled to wages at the rate payable under the agreement at the date of the wreck or loss for every day on which he or she is unemployed in the 2 months following that date unless it is proved that he or she did not make reasonable efforts to save the ship and the persons and property carried in it. (2) Where a ship is sold or ceases to be registered in Singapore and a seaman’s employment on the ship is thereby terminated before the date contemplated in the agreement under which he or she is so employed, then, unless otherwise provided in the agreement, the seaman is, subject to subsection (3), entitled to wages at the rate payable under the agreement at the date on which his or her employment is terminated for every day on which he or she is unemployed in the 2 months following that date. (3) A seaman is not entitled to wages by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) for a day on which he or she was unemployed, if it is shown — ( a ) that the unemployment was not due to the wreck or loss of the ship or (as the case may be) the termination of his or her employment on the sale of the ship or its ceasing to be registered in Singapore; or ( b ) that the seaman was able to obtain suitable employment for that day but unreasonably refused to take it.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s65
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 65
title: Compensation to crew member improperly discharged
content:
65. If a crew member, having signed an agreement, is discharged otherwise than in accordance with the terms thereof before the commencement of the voyage, or before one month’s wages are earned, without fault on his or her part justifying that discharge, and without his or her consent, the crew member is entitled to receive from the person employing the crew member, in addition to any wages which the crew member has earned, due compensation for the damage caused to the crew member by the discharge, not exceeding one month’s wages and may recover that compensation as if it were wages duly earned. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s66
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 66
title: Wages on termination of service by illness
content:
66. Where the service of a crew member terminates before the date contemplated in his or her agreement, by reason of his or her being left ashore at any place outside his or her port of return under a medical certificate of unfitness or inability to proceed on a voyage, the crew member is entitled to wages up to the time of such termination, but not for any longer period. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s67
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 67
title: Protection of certain rights and remedies
content:
67. —(1) A seaman’s lien and a crew member’s remedies for the recovery of his or her wages, his or her right to wages in case of the wreck or loss of his or her ship, and any right he or she may have or obtain in the nature of salvage is not capable of being renounced by any agreement. [6/2014] (2) Subsection (1) does not affect such term of any agreement made with a crew member belonging to a ship which, in accordance with the agreement, is to be employed on salvage service, as provide for the remuneration to be paid to the crew member for salvage services rendered by that ship. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s68
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 68
title: Remedies of master for remuneration, disbursements, etc.
content:
68. The master of a ship has the same lien and remedies for his or her remuneration and all disbursements or liabilities properly made or incurred by the master on account of the ship, as a seaman has for his or her wages.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s69
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 69
title: Powers of court in case of unreasonable delay in paying crew member’s wages
content:
69. In any action or other legal proceedings by any crew member of a ship for the recovery of any sum due to him or her on account of wages, the court may, if it appears that the payment of the sum due has been delayed otherwise than owing to the act or default of the crew member or to any reasonable dispute as to liability, or to any other cause not being the wrongful act or default of the person liable to make the payment, order that person to pay, in addition to any sum due on account of wages, any sum that the court thinks just as damages in respect of the delay, without affecting any claim which may be made by the crew member on that account. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s70
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 70
title: Provisions and water
content:
70. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations — ( a ) requiring provisions and drinking water to be provided for crew members employed on ships; ( b ) providing for the quality, nutritional value and quantity of provisions and drinking water to be provided; ( c ) regulating the storage and handling of provisions and drinking water; and ( d ) regulating the organisation and equipment of the catering department. [6/2014] (2) The owner and master of a ship must ensure that provisions and drinking water provided in accordance with subsection (1) are provided free of charge to all crew members while they are on board. [6/2014] (3) Regulations made under this section may require a ship to carry any weighing and measuring equipment that may be necessary to ensure that the quantities of provisions and water supplied to crew members employed on the ship are in accordance with the regulations. [6/2014] (4) If any regulation made under this section is not complied with, the master or the person employing the crew members of the ship (each called a defendant) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 unless the defendant proves that the failure to comply was not due to the defendant’s neglect or default. [6/2014] (5) If a person empowered under this Act to inspect the provisions and water to be supplied to the crew members employed on a ship is not satisfied that the provisions and water are in accordance with regulations made under this section, the ship may be detained. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s71
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 71
title: Complaints about provisions or water
content:
71. —(1) If 3 or more crew members employed on a ship consider that the provisions or water provided for the crew members employed on that ship are not in accordance with the regulations made under section 70 (whether because of bad quality, unfitness for use or deficiency in quantity) they may complain to the master of the ship who must investigate the complaint. [6/2014] (2) If the crew members are dissatisfied with the action taken by the master as a result of his or her investigation or by his or her failure to take any action, they may state their dissatisfaction to the master and may complain to the Director; and thereupon the master must make adequate arrangements to enable the crew members to do so as soon as the service of the ship permits. [6/2014] (3) The Director must, upon receiving the complaint made under subsection (2), investigate the complaint and may examine the provisions or water or cause them to be examined. (4) If the master of a ship, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with subsection (2), the master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 and if the master has been notified in writing by the person making any examination under subsection (3) that any provisions or water are found to be unfit for use or not of the quality required by the regulations, then — ( a ) if they are not replaced within a reasonable time the master or the owner of the ship (each called a defendant) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 unless the defendant proves that the failure to replace them was not due to the defendant’s neglect or default; and ( b ) if the master of the ship, without reasonable cause, permits them to be used, the master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s72
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 72
title: Other complaints
content:
72. —(1) If a seaman employed on a ship considers that he or she has cause to complain about the master or any other seaman employed on the ship or about the conditions on board the ship, the seaman may complain to the master. (2) If the seaman is dissatisfied with the action taken by the master on the complaint or by the master’s failure to take any action, the seaman may state his or her dissatisfaction to the master and may complain to the Director; and thereupon the master must make adequate arrangements to enable the seaman to do so as soon as the service of the ship permits. (3) If the master of a ship, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with this section, the master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s73
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 73
title: Medical stores
content:
73. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations requiring ships to carry any medicines and other medical stores (including books containing instructions and advice) that may be specified in the regulations. (2) If a ship goes to sea or attempts to go to sea without carrying the medical stores which it is required to carry by regulations made under this section, the master or the owner of the ship (each called a defendant) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 unless the defendant proves that the failure to carry the medical stores was not due to the defendant’s neglect or default. (3) If a person empowered under this Act to inspect the medical stores carried in a ship is not satisfied that the ship carries the stores which it is required to carry by the regulations made under this section, the ship may be detained.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s74
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 74
title: Medical treatment on board ship
content:
74. Where a ship does not carry a doctor among the seamen employed on it, the master of the ship must make arrangements for securing that any medical attention on board the ship is given either by the master or under the master’s supervision by a person appointed by the master for the purpose.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s75
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 75
title: Expenses of medical treatment, etc., during voyage
content:
75. —(1) If a seaman, while employed on a ship, receives any surgical or medical treatment or such dental or optical treatment (including the repair or replacement of any appliance) as cannot be postponed without impairing efficiency, the reasonable expenses thereof must be borne by the person employing the seaman, and if the seaman dies while so employed and is buried or cremated outside his or her port of return, the expenses of his or her burial or cremation or the return of the body to his or her home must also be borne by that person. (2) A compensation is payable by the person employing a seaman for the death of or injury to the seaman employed on a Singapore ship who is not covered under the Work Injury Compensation Act 2019 or the Work Injury Compensation Act (Cap. 354, 2009 Revised Edition) repealed by that Act and such compensation must not be less than that provided under that Act. [5/2008; 27/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s76
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 76
title: Drunkenness, etc., on board ship
content:
76. If a seaman employed on a ship is, while on board the ship, under the influence of drink, a drug or a psychoactive substance to such an extent that his or her capacity to fulfil his or her responsibility for the ship or to carry out his or her duties is impaired, the seaman shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s77
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 77
title: Continued or concerted disobedience, neglect of duty, etc.
content:
77. —(1) If a seaman employed on a ship — ( a ) persistently and wilfully neglects his or her duty; ( b ) persistently and wilfully disobeys lawful commands; or ( c ) combines with other seamen employed on the ship — (i) to disobey lawful commands which are required to be obeyed at a time while the ship is at sea; (ii) to neglect any duty which is required to be discharged at such time; or (iii) to impede, at such a time, the progress of a voyage or the navigation of the ship, the seaman shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (2) For the purposes of this section, a ship is treated as being at sea at any time when it is not securely moored in a safe berth.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s78
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 78
title: Offences committed by certain other persons
content:
78. Where a person goes to sea in a ship without the consent of the master of the ship or of any other person authorised to give it or is conveyed in a ship pursuant to section 85(4)( a ), section 77(1)( b ) and ( c ) applies as if that person were a seaman employed on the ship.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s79
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 79
title: Defence of drug or psychoactive substance taken for medical purposes
content:
79. In any proceedings for an offence under section 76, it is a defence to prove that at the time of the act or omission alleged against the defendant, the defendant was under the influence of a drug or psychoactive substance taken by him or her for medical purposes and either that he or she took it on medical advice and complied with any directions given as part of that advice or that he or she had reason to believe that the drug or psychoactive substance might not have the influence it had. [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s80
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 80
title: Disciplinary offences
content:
80. —(1) For the purpose of maintaining discipline on board a ship, the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing any misconduct on board as a disciplinary offence and enabling the master of the ship, or any officer that may under the regulations be required or authorised to exercise the powers of the master, to impose fines on any seaman committing any disciplinary offence. (2) The regulations made under this section may provide for — ( a ) the fine that may be imposed on a seaman in respect of each disciplinary offence; ( b ) the procedure to be followed in dealing with the disciplinary offence; and ( c ) the circumstances in which the master of a ship may remit the whole or part of any fine imposed thereunder.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s81
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 81
title: Appeal against fine for disciplinary offences
content:
81. —(1) A seaman on whom a fine has been imposed for a disciplinary offence may, in accordance with the regulations made under this section, appeal against the decision to the Director, and on such an appeal, the Director may confirm or quash the decision and may remit the whole or part of the fine. (2) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations under this section to provide for — ( a ) the procedure to be followed on any such appeal; ( b ) the time within which notice of an intended appeal is to be given by the appellant to the master and by the master to the Director; and ( c ) the place at which the appeal is to be heard.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s82
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 82
title: Prohibition of double prosecution
content:
82. Where any conduct is both a disciplinary offence and an offence against any provision of this Act, then if it has been dealt with as a disciplinary offence, it must not be dealt with as an offence against that provision.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s83
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 83
title: Payment of fines for disciplinary offences
content:
83. —(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), the amount of a fine imposed on a seaman for a disciplinary offence, so far as not remitted by the master or on appeal, may be deducted from the seaman’s wages or otherwise recovered by the person employing the seaman and must be paid by the seaman (whether or not it has been so deducted or otherwise recovered) to the Director. (2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) — ( a ) if the wages or part of the wages are paid by the master of a ship on the master’s own behalf or on behalf of the person employing the seaman (as the case may be), the said amount must be paid at the time when the seaman leaves the ship at the end of the seaman’s agreement or, if earlier, when the seaman’s employment on the ship is terminated; ( b ) in any other case, the master must at that time notify the amount to the person employing the seaman, and the person must pay it when the next payment in respect of the seaman’s wages falls to be made by the person. (3) Where an appeal against such a fine is pending at the time mentioned in subsection (2), no amount is to by reason of the fine be deducted, recovered, paid or notified under subsections (1) and (2) until the appeal has been disposed of; but regulations made under section 80 may provide for the amount of the fine to be provisionally deducted from the seaman’s wages pending the appeal.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s84
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 84
title: Civil liability for smuggling
content:
84. If a crew member employed on a ship is found in civil proceedings before a court in Singapore or elsewhere to have committed an act of smuggling, whether in Singapore or elsewhere, he or she is liable to make good any loss or expense that the act has caused to any other person. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s85
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 85
title: Relief and repatriation of seaman left behind
content:
85. —(1) Where a person employed as a seaman on a ship is left behind in any country or is taken to any country on being shipwrecked, the person who last employed that person as a seaman must make such provision for the seaman’s return and for the seaman’s relief and maintenance as may be required by regulations. (2) The regulations to be so made may include the repayment of expenses incurred in bringing a shipwrecked seaman ashore and maintaining the seaman until the seaman is brought ashore and the payment of the expenses of the burial or cremation of a seaman who dies before he or she can be returned. (3) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations providing for the manner in which any wages due to any person left behind or taken to any country as mentioned in subsection (1) and any property of the person left on board the ship are to be dealt with. (4) Without limiting subsections (1), (2) and (3), regulations made under this section may make provision — ( a ) for requiring the master of any ship to convey a person to a place determined in accordance with the regulations and for enabling the Director to give the master directions for that purpose; ( b ) for the making of payments in respect of the conveyance of a person in accordance with the regulations; and ( c ) for the keeping of records and the rendering of accounts. (5) This section also applies to a person left behind on being discharged pursuant to section 55, whether or not at the time the person is left behind the ship is still registered in Singapore.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s86
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 86
title: Limit of employer’s liability under section 85
content:
86. Where a person (called in this section A ) left behind in or taken to any country as mentioned in section 85(1) remains there after the end of a period of 3 months, the person who last employed A as a seaman (called in this section the employer) is not liable under that section to make provision for A ’s return or for any matter arising after the end of that period, unless the employer has, before the end of that period, been under an obligation imposed on the employer by regulations made under that section to make provision with respect to A .


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s87
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 87
title: Custody, etc., of property of deceased crew members
content:
87. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations providing for the custody of and dealing with — ( a ) any property left on board a ship by a crew member dying while or after being employed on the ship; ( b ) any property left in a country outside Singapore by a crew member dying while or within any period that is provided for in the regulations after being employed on a ship; and ( c ) the recovery by the Director of any wages which, at the time of a crew member’s death, were due to the crew member in respect of the crew member’s employment on a ship. [6/2014] (2) Regulations made under this section may require the recording of particulars and the rendering of accounts and may enable the Director or any person having custody of any such property to sell it by auction or otherwise and account for the proceeds.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s88
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 88
title: Disposal of property of deceased crew members
content:
88. —(1) Where, on the death of a crew member, any property comes into the hands of the Director by virtue of section 87, the Director may satisfy out of them any expenses incurred by the Director in respect of the crew member or the crew member’s property. [6/2014] (2) If the value of the residue of the property does not exceed $5,000, the Director may at any time pay or deliver it to any of the persons mentioned in subsection (3) or distribute it among them, unless a grant of representation has then been made and the Director knows of it; and the Director is thereby discharged from any further liability in respect of the residue. (3) The persons referred to in subsection (2) are — ( a ) any person appearing to the Director to be a person named as the crew member’s next of kin in the crew agreement or seafarer’s employment agreement (as the case may be) in which the crew member’s name last appeared; ( b ) any person appearing to the Director to be the crew member’s widow or the crew member’s child; ( c ) any person appearing to the Director to be beneficially entitled, under a will or on intestacy, to the crew member’s estate or any part thereof; or ( d ) any person appearing to the Director to be a creditor of the crew member. [6/2014] (4) Where no claim to the property received by the Director is substantiated within one year after the receipt of the property by the Director, the Director must pay the property, the proceeds thereof, or the residue thereof, into the Consolidated Fund. (5) If any subsequent claim is made to such property, or the residue thereof, and is established to the satisfaction of the Director, the amount, or so much as appears to be due to the claimant, must be paid out of the Consolidated Fund. (6) If any claim is not established to the satisfaction of the Director, the claimant may apply by originating application to the General Division of the High Court, and the General Division of the High Court, after taking evidence orally or on affidavit, may make any order on the application that it thinks just. [42/2005; 40/2019] [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] (7) After the end of 6 years from the receipt of such property or proceeds thereof by the Director, no such claim may be made without the sanction of the Minister. (8) If it appears to the Director that any of the persons to whom any property may be paid or delivered under this section is resident in a country outside Singapore, the Director may pay or deliver the property to him or her by paying or delivering the property to a consular officer of that country for transmission to him or her. (9) If the property exceeds $5,000 in value, the Director shall pay and deliver the residue to the legal personal representative of the deceased. (10) In this section, “child” includes an adopted child.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s89
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 89
title: Official and other logbooks
content:
89. —(1) Except as provided by regulations made under this section, an official logbook and such other logbooks as may be prescribed in the regulations must be kept in every ship. (2) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing the particulars to be entered in the logbooks, the persons by whom such entries are to be made, signed or witnessed, and the procedure to be followed in the making of such entries and their amendment or cancellation. (3) Regulations may require the production or delivery of the logbooks to such persons, in such circumstances and within such times as may be specified therein. (4) A person who wilfully destroys, mutilates or renders illegible any entry in any logbook, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s90
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 90
title: Discharge books
content:
90. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations providing — ( a ) for the issue of discharge books in such form and containing such particulars with respect to the holders thereof and such other particulars as may be prescribed by the regulations and for requiring such persons to apply for such discharge books; ( b ) for requiring the holders of discharge books to produce them to such persons and in such circumstances as may be prescribed by the regulations; and ( c ) for the surrender of discharge books in such circumstances as may be prescribed by the regulations. (2) Any provision of the regulations having effect by virtue of paragraph ( a ) of subsection (1) may be so framed as to apply to any persons that are mentioned in that paragraph or any description of those persons and as to have effect subject to any exemptions for which provisions may be made by the regulations.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s91
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 91
title: Returns of births and deaths in ships, etc.
content:
91. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations — ( a ) requiring the master of any ship to make a return to the Director of any birth or death occurring in the ship; ( b ) requiring the master of any ship to conduct an inquiry to determine the nature and cause and make a report to the Director of any death occurring in the ship and, wherever occurring outside Singapore, of any person employed on the ship, and to notify any such death to any person that the deceased may have named as his or her next of kin; and ( c ) requiring the master of any ship not registered in Singapore which calls at Singapore in the course of or at the end of a voyage to make a return to the Director of any birth or death of a citizen of Singapore which has occurred in the ship during the voyage. (2) Regulations made under this section may require the Director to send a certified copy of any return made thereunder to the Registrar‑General of Births and Deaths. [Act 17 of 2021 wef 29/05/2022] (3) [ Deleted by Act 17 of 2021 wef 29/05/2022 ] (4) [ Deleted by Act 17 of 2021 wef 29/05/2022 ] (5) Any person who, being required under the regulations made under this section to make a return of any birth or death or a report on the inquiry into the cause of any death, furnishes as true any information in the return or report which the person knows or has reason to believe to be false shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s92
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 92
title: Handing over of documents on change of master
content:
92. If a person ceases to be the master of a ship, the person must deliver to his or her successor the documents relating to the ship or its crew which are in the person’s custody; and if the person without reasonable cause fails to do so, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s93
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 93
title: Stowaways
content:
93. —(1) A person who, without the consent of the master of the ship or of any other person authorised to give it, goes to sea or attempts to go to sea in a ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (2) Nothing in section 180 is to be taken to limit the jurisdiction of any court in Singapore to deal with an offence under this section which has been committed in a country outside Singapore by a person who is not a citizen of Singapore.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s94
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 94
title: Master’s power of arrest
content:
94. The master of any ship may cause any person on board the ship to be put under restraint if and for so long as it appears to the master necessary or expedient in the interest of safety or for the preservation of good order or discipline on board the ship.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s95
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 95
title: Penalty for receiving remuneration from seamen for engagement
content:
95. —(1) A person must not demand or receive, directly or indirectly, from a seaman, or from a person seeking employment as a seaman, or from a person on his or her behalf, any remuneration whatever for providing him or her with employment. (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction for each offence to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s96
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 96
title: Restriction on employment of young persons on board ship
content:
96. —(1) No young person is to be employed on any ship except as permitted by regulations made under this section. (2) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing the circumstances in which and the conditions subject to which young persons who have attained such specified age may be employed on a ship in such capacities as may be specified. (3) If any person is employed on a ship in contravention of any regulations made under this section or if any condition subject to which a person may be employed under any such regulation is not complied with, the owner or the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s97
chapter: PART 4 - CREW MATTERS
section: 97
title: Extension to foreign ships
content:
97. The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by regulations extend the application of all or any of the provisions of this Part to foreign ships subject to any modifications that are specified in those regulations.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s98
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 98
title: Application of this Part
content:
98. This Part, unless otherwise provided, applies to all Singapore ships wherever they may be and to all ships in Singapore except harbour craft.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s99
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 99
title: Prohibition on going to sea without certificates
content:
99. —(1) Every ship unless exempted must be surveyed or inspected in the manner provided in this Act. (2) Subject to any exemption, no ship is to go to sea unless the owner or the master of the ship has been issued with certificates by the Director as to the surveys or inspections under this Act, the certificates being in force and applicable to the ship. (3) If any ship goes or attempts to go to sea in contravention of this section — ( a ) in the case of a passenger ship, the owner or the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $500 for every passenger on board the ship; and ( b ) in the case of any other ship, the owner or the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000, and the ship may be detained until the certificates are produced to the Director or the Port Master.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s100
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 100
title: Powers of Authority to make regulations
content:
100. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Part. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations providing for — ( a ) the standards of construction and equipment of ships including the provision of lifesaving and firefighting appliances and radio installations; ( b ) the standards of accommodation and recreational facilities for crew and passengers; ( c ) the tonnage measurement of ships; ( d ) the determination of the load lines; ( e ) the loading and carriage of goods, including dangerous goods; ( f ) the carriage of livestock; ( g ) the safety of navigation; ( h ) the prevention of collisions at sea (called in this Act the collision regulations); ( i ) the safety, health and welfare of persons employed on ships; ( j ) the manner and frequency of the survey or inspection and the issue, suspension, cancellation, extension and period of the validity of certificates or exemption certificates; and ( k ) the recognition of certificates or exemption certificates issued by or under the authority of the government of any other country for the purposes of section 99. [6/2014] (3) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, in the regulations make provisions to give effect to the provisions of any international convention or agreement concerning or relating to ships, ships’ safety, ships’ equipment, property or goods carried in ships or persons employed on ships and to which Singapore is a party. (4) The owner and the master of any ship to which section 99 applies must comply with any regulations made under this section and must ensure that the ship and its equipment and in respect of any matter that is governed by the regulations comply with any such regulations before the ship goes to sea and at all times when the ship is at sea, unless otherwise provided in this Act. (5) Any owner or master who contravenes subsection (4) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and the ship may be detained.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s101
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 101
title: Overloaded ships
content:
101. —(1) Where a cargo ship is so loaded at any time that, if the ship were floating without a list in still salt water of a specific gravity of 1.025, the load line marked on either side of the ship that is the appropriate load line at the time would be submerged, the ship is, for the purposes of this Act, deemed to be overloaded, and, subject to subsection (4), to be overloaded to the extent which that load line would be submerged. (2) Where — ( a ) a ship is at any time engaged on, or is about to engage on, a voyage during which, in the ordinary course, a load line marked on either side of the ship (not being a load line that is the appropriate load line at that time) would, at some later time during the voyage, become the appropriate load line; and ( b ) the ship is so loaded at that firstmentioned time, that if the ship were floating without a list in still salt water of a specific gravity of 1.025 and there were unloaded from the ship the fuel and other material that would, in the ordinary course, be consumed or discharged before that later time, that load line would be submerged, the ship is, for the purposes of this Act, deemed to be overloaded and, subject to subsection (4), to be overloaded to the extent to which that load line would be so submerged. (3) Where a passenger ship is so loaded at any time that, if the ship were floating without a list in still salt water of a specific gravity of 1.025, the subdivision load line marked on either side of the ship that is the appropriate subdivision load line at that time would be submerged, the ship is, for the purposes of this Act, deemed to be overloaded and, subject to subsection (4), to be overloaded to the extent to which that subdivision load line would be so submerged. (4) Where — ( a ) in any proceedings under this Act, it is proved that a ship is deemed to be overloaded under the provisions of more than one subsection of this section; and ( b ) the extent to which, under those subsections, the ship is deemed to be overloaded is not the same in each case, the ship is, for the purposes of this Act, deemed to be overloaded to the greatest extent to which it is deemed to be overloaded under those subsections. (5) Where a ship is overloaded in contravention of this section, the owner and the master of the ship shall each be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and to such additional fine not exceeding the maximum amount which the earning capacity of the ship would have been increased by reason of the contravention. (6) Without affecting any proceedings under this section, any ship which is overloaded in contravention of this section may be detained until it ceases to be so overloaded. (7) For the purposes of this section, the load line or subdivision load line marked on a ship that is the appropriate load line or subdivision load line at any time is to be determined in accordance with the regulations made under this Part.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s102
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 102
title: Penalty for carrying passengers in excess
content:
102. —(1) The owner or the master of any passenger ship must not carry or receive on board thereof, or on or in any part thereof, any number of passengers which, having regard to the time, occasion and circumstances of the case, is greater than the number allowed by the passenger ship’s safety certificate, and if the owner or master does so, the owner or master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (2) The Director or the Port Master may detain any ship which has contravened subsection (1) for such period until the ship complies with the passenger ship’s safety certificate.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s103
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 103
title: Observance of collision regulations
content:
103. —(1) All owners, masters or persons in charge of the navigation of vessels must obey the collision regulations and must not carry, exhibit or use any other lights or use any other signals, than those that are required by those regulations. (2) Any owner, master or person who does or suffers to be done any act or omission contrary to any of the provisions of the collision regulations shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) In any case before a court in Singapore concerning a contravention of the collision regulations arising within Singapore, foreign vessels are to be treated as if they were registered in Singapore. (4) In this section, “vessel” has the meaning assigned to it in the collision regulations.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s104
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 104
title: Defect or deficiency in ship, etc.
content:
104. —(1) Where a material defect or deficiency affecting safety is discovered in a Singapore ship or its equipment, whether the defect or deficiency is due to wear and tear or to accident or to any other cause, the owner or the master of the ship must report to the Director the nature and extent of the defect or deficiency and the probable cause thereof within 7 days of its discovery unless it has been reported to the Director under section 107. (2) Where any material alteration is made to a Singapore ship or its equipment or the purpose for which the ship is for the time being used is changed, the owner or the master of the ship must report the nature and extent of the alteration or change to the Director within 7 days of the alteration or change. (3) Any owner or master of a ship who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (4) Any person who conceals or attempts to conceal or suffers to be concealed any material defect or deficiency in the ship or its equipment shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s105
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 105
title: Cancellation of certificate or exemption certificate
content:
105. —(1) The Director may cancel any certificate or exemption certificate issued by him or her in respect of any ship if he or she has reason to believe that the ship or its equipment or any matter to which the certificate or exemption certificate relates no longer complies with the regulations under which the certificate was issued or the conditions (if any) under which the exemption certificate was issued. (2) Where a certificate or exemption certificate is cancelled by the Director under subsection (1), the owner or the master of the ship to which the certificate or exemption certificate relates must deliver the certificate within 14 days upon being notified by the Director, and if the owner or the master without reasonable cause, fails to do so, the owner or the master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s106
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 106
title: Duty of ship to assist the other in case of collision
content:
106. —(1) In every case of collision between 2 ships, it is the duty of the master or, in the master’s absence, the person in charge of each ship, if and so far as he or she can do so without danger to his or her own ship, crew and passengers (if any) — ( a ) to render to the other ship, its master, crew and passengers (if any) such assistance as may be practicable, and may be necessary to save them from any danger caused by the collision, and to stay by the other ship until he or she has ascertained that it has no need of further assistance; and ( b ) to give to the master or person in charge of the other ship the name of his or her own ship and of the port to which it belongs, and also the names of the ports from which it came and to which it is bound. (2) If the master, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with this section, the master shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and if the master is a certificated officer, an inquiry into his or her conduct may be held and his or her certificate may be cancelled or suspended.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s107
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 107
title: Report of accidents, etc., to Director
content:
107. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), where a ship — ( a ) has sustained or caused an accident occasioning loss of life or serious injury to a person; ( b ) has sustained an accident or received damage, or otherwise sustained a defect or deficiency in the ship or its equipment which has been discovered, and the accident, damage, defect or deficiency has affected, or is likely to affect the seaworthiness of the ship, or the efficiency or completeness of the lifesaving appliances or other safety equipment of the ship; ( c ) has been in a position of great peril, either from the action of some other ship or from danger of wreck or collision; or ( d ) has been stranded or wrecked, the owner or the master of the ship must, within 24 hours of the happening, report the happening to the Director. [25/2017] (2) This section does not apply to a matter required to be reported under section 4 of the Merchant Shipping (Wreck Removal) Act 2017. [25/2017] (3) Any owner or master of a ship who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s108
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 108
title: Appointment of inspector to report on accident, etc.
content:
108. The Minister may appoint any person as an inspector to report to him or her — ( a ) upon the nature and causes of any accident or damage which any ship has sustained or caused or is alleged to have sustained or caused; ( b ) whether the provisions of this Act or any other written law have been complied with; or ( c ) whether the hull, machinery and equipment of any ship are sufficient and in good condition.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s109
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 109
title: Notification of loss of ship
content:
109. —(1) If — ( a ) the owner, manager or agent of a Singapore ship has reason to believe that the ship has been wholly lost; or ( b ) the owner, manager or agent of any other ship has reason to believe that the ship has been wholly lost on or near the coast of Singapore, the owner, manager or agent must forthwith give written notice to the Director stating the name of the ship, its description, official number and the port to which it belongs and must state to the best of the owner, master or agent’s knowledge, the probable cause of the loss. (2) Any owner, manager or agent who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with this section within a reasonable time shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s110
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 110
title: Owner and master liable in respect of unsafe ship
content:
110. —(1) If, having regard to the nature of the service for which it is intended — ( a ) a ship in a port in Singapore; or ( b ) a Singapore ship which is in any other port, is an unsafe ship, that is to say, is by reason of any of the matters mentioned in subsection (2) not fit to go to sea without serious danger to human life, then, subject to subsection (3), the master and the owner of the ship shall each be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (2) The matters referred to in subsection (1) are — ( a ) the condition, or the suitability for its purpose, of — (i) the ship or its machinery or equipment; or (ii) any part of the ship or its machinery or equipment; ( b ) undermanning; ( c ) overloading or unsafe or improper loading; and ( d ) any other matter relevant to the safety of the ship. (3) It is a defence in proceedings for an offence under this section to prove that at the time of the alleged offence — ( a ) arrangements had been made which were appropriate to ensure that before the ship went to sea it was made fit to do so without serious danger to human life by reason of the matters falling within subsection (2) which are specified in the charge; or ( b ) it was reasonable not to have made such arrangements.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s111
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 111
title: Crew member may claim discharge if ship is unsafe
content:
111. If a ship is an unsafe ship, a crew member belonging to the ship is not deemed to have committed a breach of his or her agreement by reason of his or her having refused to sail in the ship while it is unsafe; and any crew member so refusing may claim his or her discharge unless the ship is made safe within a reasonable time. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s112
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 112
title: Obligation of shipowner to crew with respect to use of reasonable efforts to secure seaworthiness
content:
112. —(1) In every contract of service, express or implied, between the owner of a ship or the person employing the crew members and any crew member thereof, there is implied, despite any agreement to the contrary, an obligation on the owner of the ship that the owner of the ship and the master and every agent charged with the loading of the ship or the preparing of the ship for sea or the sending of the ship to sea must use all reasonable means to ensure the seaworthiness of the ship for the voyage at the time when the voyage commences, and to keep her in a seaworthy condition for the voyage during the voyage. [6/2014] (2) Nothing in this section — ( a ) is to subject the owner of a ship to any liability by reason of the ship being sent to sea in an unseaworthy state where, owing to special circumstances, the sending of the ship to sea in such a state was reasonable and justifiable; or ( b ) applies to any ship employed exclusively in trading or going from place to place in any river or inland water of which the whole or part thereof is in Singapore.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s113
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 113
title: Detention of unsafe ship
content:
113. —(1) The Director may order any ship, which is an unsafe ship or appears to him or her to be an unsafe ship, to be provisionally detained. (2) When any ship has been provisionally detained, a notification of the provisional detention of the ship must be immediately served on the master of the ship, together with a statement of the grounds of detention. (3) The Director may appoint a competent person to survey the ship and report to him or her. (4) On receipt of the report, the Director may either finally detain the ship or order its release unconditionally or on any conditions that the Director thinks fit. (5) Before the order for final detention is issued, the master of the ship must be furnished with a copy of the report and the master may, within 7 days after receipt of the copy, appeal to the Minister. (6) The Minister may, upon appeal under subsection (5), order the final detention of the ship or order its release unconditionally or subject to any conditions that the Minister thinks fit. (7) When any order for the final detention of a ship has been made, the ship must not be released until the Director or the Minister (as the case may be) is satisfied that its further detention is no longer necessary and orders its release.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s114
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 114
title: Owner liable for unsafe operation of ship
content:
114. —(1) It is the duty of the owner of a ship to which this section applies to take all reasonable steps to secure that the ship is operated in a safe manner. (2) This section applies to — ( a ) any Singapore ship; or ( b ) any ship which — (i) is registered under the law of any country outside Singapore; and (ii) is within the seaward limits of the territorial waters of Singapore while proceeding to or from a port in Singapore, unless the ship would not be so proceeding but for weather conditions or any other unavoidable circumstances. (3) If the owner of a ship to which this section applies fails to discharge the duty imposed on the owner by subsection (1), the owner shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s115
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 115
title: Conduct endangering ships, structures or individuals
content:
115. —(1) This section applies to any crew member employed on — ( a ) a Singapore ship; and ( b ) a ship which — (i) is registered under the law of any country outside Singapore; and (ii) is in a port in Singapore or within the seaward limits of the territorial waters of Singapore while proceeding to or from any such port, unless the ship would not be in that port, or (as the case may be) would not be so proceeding, but for weather conditions or any other unavoidable circumstances. [6/2014] (2) If a person to whom this section applies, while on board the person’s ship or in its immediate vicinity — ( a ) does any act which causes or is likely to cause — (i) the loss or destruction of or serious damage to the person’s ship or its machinery, navigational equipment or safety equipment; (ii) the loss or destruction of or serious damage to any other ship or any structure; or (iii) the death of or serious injury to any person; or ( b ) omits to do anything required — (i) to preserve the person’s ship or its machinery, navigational equipment or safety equipment, from loss, destruction or serious damage; (ii) to preserve any person on board the person’s ship from death or serious injury; or (iii) to prevent the person’s ship from causing the loss or destruction of or serious damage to any other ship or any structure, or the death of or serious injury to any person not on board the person’s ship, and either of the conditions specified in subsection (3) is satisfied with respect to that act or omission, the person shall, subject to subsections (5) and (6), be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (3) The conditions referred to in subsection (2) are — ( a ) that the act or omission was deliberate or amounted to a breach or neglect of duty; and ( b ) that the crew member in question was under the influence of drink, a drug or a psychoactive substance at the time of the act or omission. [6/2014] [Act 12 of 2023 wef 01/06/2024] (4) If a person to whom this section applies — ( a ) discharges any of the person’s duties, or performs any other function in relation to the operation of the person’s ship or its machinery or equipment, in such a manner as to cause, or to be likely to cause, any such loss, destruction, death or injury as is mentioned in subsection (2)( a ); or ( b ) fails to discharge any of the person’s duties, or to perform any such function, properly to such an extent as to cause, or to be likely to cause, any of those things, the person shall, subject to subsections (5) and (6), be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (5) In any proceedings for an offence under this section, it is a defence to prove — ( a ) in the case of an offence under subsection (2), where the act or omission alleged against the defendant constituted a breach or neglect of duty, that the defendant took all reasonable steps to discharge that duty; ( b ) in the case of an offence under subsection (4), that the defendant took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence; or ( c ) in the case of an offence under either of those subsections — (i) that the defendant could have avoided committing the offence only by disobeying a lawful command; or (ii) that in all the circumstances, the loss, destruction, damage, death or injury in question, or (as the case may be) the likelihood of its being caused, either could not reasonably have been foreseen by the defendant or could not reasonably have been avoided by the defendant. (6) In the application of this section to any person falling within subsection (1)( b ), subsections (2) and (4) have effect as if subsection (2)( a )(i) and ( b )(i) were omitted. (7) In this section — “breach or neglect of duty”, except in relation to a master, includes any disobedience to a lawful command; “duty” — ( a ) in relation to any crew member, means any duty falling to be discharged by him or her in his or her capacity as such; and ( b ) in relation to a master, includes the master’s duty with respect to the good management of his or her ship and his or her duty with respect to the safety of operation of his or her ship, its machinery and equipment; “structure” means any fixed or movable structure of whatever description other than a ship. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s116
chapter: PART 5 - SURVEY AND SAFETY
section: 116
title: Regulations for survey of ships and issue of certificates
content:
116. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations for the purposes of authorising any organisation for the survey or inspection of Singapore ships and the issue of any certificate under this Part. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, in the regulations — ( a ) specify the surveys or inspections and the issue of certificates or endorsements; ( b ) provide for the registration of any person belonging to or acting on behalf of any organisation as a surveyor for the purposes of surveying or inspecting Singapore ships; and ( c ) prescribe the conditions for the registration of any person under paragraph ( b ) and the cancellation of the registration of any person. (3) Any certificate issued or endorsement made by any authorised organisation in accordance with any regulations made under this section is deemed to be issued or made by the Director for the purposes of this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s117
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 117
title: Inquiry into fitness or conduct of officers
content:
117. —(1) If it appears to the Minister that an officer — ( a ) is unfit to discharge his or her duties, whether by reason of incompetence, misconduct or physical or mental disability or for any other reason; ( b ) has been seriously negligent in the discharge of his or her duties; or ( c ) has failed to comply with section 106 (duty to give assistance and information after collision), the Minister may cause an inquiry to be held by one or more persons appointed by him or her and, if the Minister does so, may, if the Minister thinks fit, suspend, pending the outcome of the inquiry, any certificate issued or deemed to be issued to the officer under section 47 and require the officer to deliver it to the Minister. (2) Where a certificate issued to an officer has been suspended under subsection (1), the suspension may, on the application of the officer, be terminated by the General Division of the High Court and the decision of the General Division of the High Court on such an application is final. [40/2019] (3) An inquiry under this section must be conducted in accordance with the regulations made under section 119(3). (4) The persons holding an inquiry under this section into the fitness or conduct of the officer — ( a ) may, if satisfied of any of the matters mentioned in subsection (1)( a ), ( b ) and ( c ), cancel or suspend any certificate issued or deemed to be issued to the officer under section 47 or censure the officer; ( b ) may make such order with regard to the costs of the inquiry as they think just; and ( c ) must make a report on the case to the Minister, and if the certificate is cancelled or suspended, the officer (unless he or she has delivered it to the Minister pursuant to subsection (1)) must deliver it forthwith to the persons holding the inquiry or to the Director. (5) Any costs which a person is ordered to pay under subsection (4)( b ) may be recovered from the person by the Director.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s118
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 118
title: Inquiries and investigations into shipping casualties
content:
118. —(1) Where any of the following casualties has occurred: ( a ) the loss or presumed loss, stranding, grounding, abandonment of or damage to a ship; ( b ) a loss of life or serious personal injury caused by fire on board or by an accident to a ship or ship’s boat, or by an accident occurring on board a ship or ship’s boat; ( c ) any damage caused by a ship, and, at the time it occurred, the ship was registered in Singapore or the ship or boat was in Singapore — ( d ) the Director may cause a preliminary inquiry into the casualty to be held by a person appointed by him or her; and ( e ) the Minister may (whether or not a preliminary inquiry into the casualty has been held) cause a formal investigation into the casualty to be held by a Commissioner appointed by him or her. (2) A person appointed under this section to hold a preliminary inquiry is to for the purpose of the inquiry have the powers conferred on an inspector by section 206.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s119
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 119
title: Formal investigations into shipping casualties
content:
119. —(1) A Commissioner holding a formal investigation into a casualty under section 118 must conduct it in accordance with the regulations made under section 121, and those regulations must require the assistance of one or more assessors and, if any question as to the cancellation or suspension of an officer’s certificate is likely to arise, the assistance of not less than 2 assessors. (2) The Commissioner holding the formal investigation has all the powers of a Magistrate and also has all the powers of an inspector under this Act. (3) If as a result of the investigation the Commissioner is satisfied, with respect to any officer, of any of the matters mentioned in section 117(1)( a ), ( b ) and ( c ) and, if it is a matter mentioned in subsection (1)( a ) or ( b ) of that section, is further satisfied that it caused or contributed to the casualty, the Commissioner may cancel or suspend any certificate issued or deemed to be issued to the officer in accordance with the regulations made under section 47 or censure him or her; and if the Commissioner cancels or suspends the certificate, the officer must deliver the certificate forthwith to the Commissioner or the Director. (4) The Commissioner may make such order as to the costs of the investigation as the Commissioner thinks just and must make a report on the case to the Minister. (5) Any costs which a person is ordered to pay under subsection (4) may be recovered from him or her by the Director.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s120
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 120
title: Re-hearing of and appeal from inquiries and investigations
content:
120. —(1) Where an inquiry or formal investigation has been held under section 119, the Minister may order the whole or part of the case to be re-heard, and must do so — ( a ) if new and important evidence which could not be produced at the inquiry or investigation has been discovered; or ( b ) if it appears to the Minister that there are other grounds for suspecting that a miscarriage of justice may have occurred. (2) An order under subsection (1) may provide for the re-hearing to be held by the persons who held the inquiry or investigation or by the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019] (3) Any re-hearing under this section which is not held by the General Division of the High Court must be conducted in accordance with the regulations made under section 121; and section 119 applies in relation to a re‑hearing of an investigation by a Commissioner as it applies to the holding of an investigation. [40/2019] (4) Where the persons holding the inquiry or investigation have decided to cancel or suspend the certificate of any person or have found any person at fault, then, if no application for an order under subsection (1) has been made or such application has been refused, that person or any other person who, having an interest in the inquiry or investigation, has appeared at the hearing and is affected by the decision or finding, may appeal to the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s121
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 121
title: Regulations as to inquiries, formal investigations and appeals
content:
121. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations for the conduct of inquiries under section 117 and of formal investigations under section 119 and for the conduct of any re‑hearing under section 120 which is not held by the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019] (2) Without limiting subsection (1), regulations made under this section may provide for the appointment and summoning of assessors, the manner in which any facts may be proved, the persons allowed to appear, and the notices to be given to persons affected.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s122
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 122
title: Failure to deliver cancelled or suspended certificate
content:
122. A person who fails to deliver a certificate as required under section 117 or 119, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s123
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 123
title: Power to restore certificate
content:
123. Where a certificate has been cancelled or suspended under this Part, the Minister may, if he or she is of the opinion that the justice of the case requires it, order the certificate to be re-issued or (as the case may be) reduce the period of suspension and order the certificate to be returned, or may order a new certificate of the same or lower grade in place of the cancelled or suspended certificate to be granted.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s124
chapter: PART 6 - INQUIRIES AND INVESTIGATIONS
section: 124
title: Payment to persons holding inquiries or investigations and assessors
content:
124. The Minister may direct such remuneration (if any) to be paid out of the Consolidated Fund to any person appointed to hold an inquiry under section 117 or an investigation under section 119 and to any assessor under this Part.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s125
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 125
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
125. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires — “goods” includes every description of wares and merchandise; “owner”, in relation to goods, means every person who is for the time being entitled, either as owner or agent for the owner, to the possession of the goods, subject in the case of a lien (if any) to that lien; “shipowner” includes the master of the ship and every other person authorised to act as agent for the owner or entitled to receive the freight, demurrage or other charges payable in respect of the ship; “warehouse” includes all warehouses, buildings and premises in which goods, when landed from ships, may be lawfully placed; “warehouseman” means the occupier of a warehouse; “wharf” includes all wharves, quays, docks and premises in or upon which any goods, when landed from ships, may be lawfully placed; “wharfinger” means the occupier of a wharf.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s126
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 126
title: Powers of shipowner to land goods
content:
126. —(1) In the absence of any arrangement whereby the owner of any goods imported in any ship into any port or place in Singapore is entitled to land or take delivery of the goods, or in case the owner of the goods is not ready or does not offer to land or take delivery under such arrangement as soon as the ship is ready to unload, a shipowner may land or unship the goods imported in any ship into Singapore at any time after the arrival of the ship. (2) Where a shipowner lands goods under subsection (1), the shipowner must place them, or cause them to be placed — ( a ) if any wharf or warehouse is named in the charter-party, bill of lading or agreement, as the wharf or warehouse where the goods are to be placed and if they can be conveniently there received, on that wharf or in that warehouse; and ( b ) in any other case, on some wharf or in some warehouse on or in which goods of a like nature are usually placed.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s127
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 127
title: Lien for freight on landing goods
content:
127. —(1) If, at the time when any goods are landed from any ship and placed in the custody of any person as a wharfinger or warehouseman, the shipowner gives to the wharfinger or warehouseman written notice that the goods are to remain subject to a lien for freight or other charges payable to the shipowner to an amount mentioned in the notice, the goods so landed shall, in the hands of the wharfinger or warehouseman, continue subject to the same lien, if any, for such charges as they were subject to before the landing thereof. (2) The wharfinger or warehouseman receiving those goods must retain them until the lien is discharged as hereinafter mentioned, and must, if the wharfinger or warehouseman fails to do so, make good to the shipowner any loss thereby occasioned to the shipowner.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s128
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 128
title: Discharge of lien
content:
128. The lien for freight and other charges is to be discharged — ( a ) upon the production to the wharfinger or warehouseman of a receipt for the amount claimed as due, and delivery to the wharfinger or warehouseman of a copy thereof or of a release of freight from the shipowner; and ( b ) upon the deposit by the owner of the goods with the wharfinger or warehouseman of a sum of money equal in amount to the sum claimed as aforesaid by the shipowner, but in the latter case, the lien is to be discharged without affecting any other remedy which the shipowner may have for the recovery of the freight.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s129
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 129
title: Provisions as to deposits by owners of goods
content:
129. —(1) When a deposit is made with the wharfinger or warehouseman, the person making the deposit (called in this section the depositor) may, within 15 days after making it, give to the wharfinger or warehouseman written notice to retain it, stating in the notice the sum (if any) which the depositor admits to be payable to the shipowner, or (as the case may be) that the depositor does not admit any sum to be so payable, but if no such notice is given, the wharfinger or warehouseman may, at the end of the 15 days, pay the sum deposited over to the shipowner. (2) If a notice is given under subsection (1), the wharfinger or warehouseman must immediately apprise the shipowner of it, and must pay or tender to the shipowner out of the sum deposited the sum (if any) admitted by the notice to be payable, and must retain the balance, or if no sum is admitted to be payable the whole of the sum deposited, for 30 days from the date of the notice. (3) At the end of those 30 days, unless legal proceedings have in the meantime been instituted by the shipowner against the owner of the goods to recover the balance or sum, or otherwise for the settlement of any dispute which may have arisen between them concerning the freight or other charges as aforesaid, and written notice of those proceedings has been served on the wharfinger or warehouseman, the wharfinger or warehouseman must pay the balance or sum to the owner of the goods. (4) A wharfinger or warehouseman is, by any payment under this section, discharged from all liability in respect thereof. (5) In this section, “legal proceedings” is deemed to include arbitration.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s130
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 130
title: Sale of goods by wharfinger and warehouseman
content:
130. —(1) If the lien is not discharged and no deposit is made as aforesaid, the wharfinger or warehouseman may, and, if required by the shipowner, must, at the end of 90 days from the time when the goods were placed in his or her custody, or, if the goods are of a perishable nature, at such earlier period as he or she thinks fit, sell by public auction the goods or so much thereof as is necessary to satisfy the charges hereinafter mentioned. (2) Before making the sale, the wharfinger or warehouseman must — ( a ) give notice of the sale by advertisement in 2 newspapers circulating in Singapore; and ( b ) if the address of the owner of the goods has been stated on the manifest of the cargo or on any of the documents which have come into the possession of, or is otherwise known to, the wharfinger or warehouseman, send notice of the sale to the owner of the goods by post. (3) The title of a bona fide purchaser of the goods is not invalidated by reason of the omission to send the notice required by this section, nor is any such purchaser bound to inquire whether the notice has been sent.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s131
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 131
title: Application of proceeds of sale
content:
131. —(1) The proceeds of sale of the goods must be applied by the wharfinger or warehouseman as follows and in the following order: ( a ) firstly, in payment of any duties payable to the Government in respect thereof; ( b ) secondly, in payment of the expenses of the sale; ( c ) thirdly, in payment of the charges of the wharfinger or warehouseman and the shipowner according to such priority as is determined by the terms of the agreement (if any) in that behalf between them; or, if there is no such agreement — (i) in payment of the rent, rates and other charges due to the wharfinger or warehouseman in respect of the goods; and (ii) in payment of the amount claimed by the shipowner as due for freight or other charges in respect of the goods. (2) The surplus (if any) must be paid to the owner of the goods.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s132
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 132
title: Wharfinger’s and warehouseman’s rent and expenses
content:
132. Whenever any goods are placed in the custody of a wharfinger or warehouseman under the authority of this Part, the wharfinger or warehouseman is entitled to rent in respect of the goods, and also has power at the expense of the owner of the goods, to do all such reasonable acts as in the judgment of the wharfinger or warehouseman are necessary for the proper custody and preservation of the goods, and has a lien on the goods for the rent and expenses.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s133
chapter: PART 7 - DELIVERY OF GOODS
section: 133
title: Wharfinger’s and warehouseman’s protection
content:
133. Nothing in this Part compels any wharfinger or warehouseman to take charge of any goods which the wharfinger or warehouseman would not have been liable to take charge of if this Act had not been enacted, nor is the wharfinger or warehouseman bound to see to the validity of any lien claimed by any shipowner under this Part.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s134
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 134
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
134. In this Part — “Convention” means the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended by the Protocol of 1996 to Amend the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims and set out in the First Schedule; “ship” in the Convention includes — ( a ) any air-cushion vehicle designed to operate in or over water while so operating; and ( b ) any structure (whether completed or in the course of completion) launched and intended for use in navigation as a ship or part of a ship. [56/2004; 3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s135
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 135
title: Exclusion of liability
content:
135. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), the owner of a Singapore ship is not liable for any loss or damage — ( a ) where any property on board the ship is lost or damaged by reason of fire on board the ship; or ( b ) where any gold, silver, watches, jewels or precious stones on board the ship are lost or damaged by reason of theft, robbery or other dishonest conduct and their nature and value were not at the time of shipment declared by their owner or shipper to the owner or master of the ship in the bill of lading or otherwise in writing. [56/2004] (2) Subject to subsection (3), where the loss or damage arises from anything done or omitted by any person in his or her capacity as master or member of the crew or (otherwise than in that capacity) in the course of his or her employment as a servant of the owner of the ship, subsection (1) also excludes the liability of — ( a ) the master, member of the crew or servant; and ( b ) in a case where the master or member of the crew is the servant of a person whose liability would not be excluded by that subsection apart from this paragraph, the person whose servant he or she is. [56/2004] (3) This section does not exclude the liability of any person for any loss or damage resulting from any such personal act or omission of the person as is mentioned in Article 4 of the Convention. [56/2004] (4) In this section, “owner”, in relation to a ship, includes any part owner and any charterer, manager or operator of the ship. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s136
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 136
title: Limitation of liability for maritime claims
content:
136. —(1) Subject to this Part, the provisions of the Convention, other than paragraph 1( d ) and ( e ) of Article 2 of the Convention, have the force of law in Singapore. [56/2004] (2) In paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Convention — ( a ) the reference to paragraph 1 is a reference to paragraph 1( a ), ( b ), ( c ) and ( f ) of that Article; and ( b ) the reference to paragraph 1( d ), ( e ) and ( f ) is a reference to paragraph 1( f ) of that Article. [3/2019] (3) For the purposes of paragraph 3 of Article 6 of the Convention, a claim in respect of damage to harbour works, basins, waterways or aids to navigation has priority over any other claim under paragraph 1( b ) of that Article. [56/2004] (4) Despite paragraph 2 of Article 1 of the Convention, the right to limit liability under the Convention applies in relation to any ship whether seagoing or not, and “shipowner” in that paragraph has a corresponding meaning. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s137
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 137
title: General limits
content:
137. —(1) In the application of Article 6 of the Convention — ( a ) to a ship licensed as a harbour craft under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996, that Article has effect as if the aggregate of the amounts in paragraph 1( a )(i) and ( b )(i) referred to the sum insured under the policy of insurance for the time being required by the Port Master under that Act to be in force in relation to that harbour craft in respect of third party risks; and ( b ) to any other ship with a tonnage less than 300 tons, that Article has effect as if — (i) paragraph 1( a )(i) referred to 166,667 Units of Account; and (ii) paragraph 1( b )(i) referred to 83,333 Units of Account. [56/2004] (2) For the purposes of Article 6 of the Convention and subsection (1)( b ), a ship’s tonnage is its gross tonnage calculated in such manner as may be prescribed by an order made by the Minister. [56/2004] (3) Any order under this section must, so far as appears to the Minister to be practicable, give effect to the regulations in Annex I of the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s138
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 138
title: Limit for passenger claims
content:
138. In the case of a passenger ship within the meaning of Part 5, the ship’s certificate mentioned in paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the Convention is the passenger ship’s certificate issued under or recognised by regulations made under section 100. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s139
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 139
title: Constitution and distribution of fund
content:
139. —(1) The Authority may, from time to time, by order prescribe the rate of interest to be applied for the purposes of paragraph 1 of Article 11 of the Convention. [56/2004] (2) Where a fund is constituted with the General Division of the High Court in accordance with Article 11 of the Convention for the payment of claims arising out of any occurrence, the General Division of the High Court may stay any proceedings relating to any claim arising out of that occurrence which are pending against the person by whom the fund has been constituted. [56/2004; 40/2019] (3) No lien or other right in respect of any ship or property is to affect the proportions in which under Article 12 of the Convention the fund is distributed among several claimants. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s140
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 140
title: Bar to other actions
content:
140. Where the release of a ship or other property is ordered under paragraph 2 of Article 13 of the Convention, the person on whose application it is ordered to be released is deemed to have submitted to the jurisdiction of the General Division of the High Court to adjudicate on the claim for which the ship or property was arrested or attached. [56/2004; 40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s141
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 141
title: Meaning of “State Party”
content:
141. The Minister may, by order in the Gazette , declare that any State specified in the order is, or was at a date specified in the order, a party to the Convention in respect of a particular country, and any such order is conclusive evidence that that State is, while the order remains in force, or was at that date, a party to the Convention in respect of that country. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s142
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 142
title: Units of Account
content:
142. —(1) For the purposes of Article 6 of the Convention, the Authority may certify the respective amounts in Singapore dollar which are to be taken as equivalent for a particular day to the sums expressed in special drawing rights in that Article. [56/2004] (2) A certificate given by the Authority under subsection (1) is conclusive evidence of the matters referred to in that subsection for the purposes of that Article; and a document purporting to be such a certificate must, in any proceedings, be received in evidence and, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to be such a certificate. [56/2004] (3) The Authority may charge any fee that it may determine for any certificate given by it under this section. [56/2004]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s143
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 143
title: Amendment of First Schedule
content:
143. The Minister may, by order in the Gazette , amend the First Schedule in accordance with any revision to the Convention or to any protocol to the Convention which may apply to Singapore from time to time. [56/2004; 3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s144
chapter: PART 8 - LIABILITY OF SHIPOWNERS AND SALVORS
section: 144
title: Saving
content:
144. —(1) Nothing in section 5( a ) or 16( b ) or ( c ) of the Merchant Shipping (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2019 applies in relation to any liability arising out of an occurrence which took place before 29 December 2019, and this Act as in force immediately before that date continues to apply in relation to such an occurrence as if that provision had not been enacted. [3/2019] (2) Nothing in section 16( a ) of the Merchant Shipping (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2019 applies in relation to any liability arising out of an occurrence which took place before 24 July 2021, and this Act as in force immediately before that date continues to apply in relation to such an occurrence as if that provision had not been enacted. [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s145
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 145
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
145. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires — “inland waters of Singapore” means any stream, reservoir, waterway, lake or pond (whether natural or artificial) within the limits of the territorial waters of Singapore, but excludes — ( a ) any waters within the ebb and flow of the tide; and ( b ) any place, navigable river or waters declared to be a port by the Minister under section 3(1) of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “Public Utilities Board” means the Public Utilities Board continued under section 3 of the Public Utilities Act 2001; “receiver” means a receiver of wreck; “reservoir” means a body of water maintained as a reservoir by the Public Utilities Board in the following areas as defined in regulations made under section 72 of the Public Utilities Act 2001: ( a ) a Catchment Area Park; ( b ) the Central Water Catchment Area; “salvage” includes all expenses properly incurred by the salvor in the performance of salvage services; “Salvage Convention” means the International Convention on Salvage, 1989, as set out in the Second Schedule; “waterway” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Public Utilities Act 2001; “wreck” includes jetsam, flotsam, lagan and derelict found in or on the shores of the sea or any tidal water. [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s145A
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 145A
title: Salvage Convention to have force of law
content:
145A. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), the provisions of the Salvage Convention have the force of law. [3/2019] (2) The provisions of the Salvage Convention do not apply to — ( a ) any salvage operation that takes place in inland waters of Singapore, and in which either no ship is involved or all the ships involved navigate in inland waters (whether of Singapore or otherwise); or ( b ) any salvage operation in which the property involved is maritime cultural property of prehistoric, archaeological or historic importance, and is situated on the seabed. [3/2019] (3) Nothing in subsection (1) affects any rights or liabilities arising out of any salvage operations started or other acts done before 24 July 2021. [3/2019] (4) The Minister may, by order in the Gazette , amend the Second Schedule in accordance with any revision to the Salvage Convention or any protocol to the Salvage Convention which may apply to Singapore from time to time. [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s146
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 146
title: Receiver of wrecks
content:
146. —(1) The Authority has the general supervision throughout Singapore over all matters relating to wrecks and may appoint any person to be a receiver of wreck and to perform the duties of a receiver under this Part. [Act 5 of 2025 wef 09/03/2025] (2) An appointment under subsection (1) must be published in the Gazette . [Act 5 of 2025 wef 09/03/2025]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s147
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 147
title: Duty of receiver in respect of ship in distress
content:
147. —(1) Where any ship is wrecked, stranded or in distress at any place on or near the coasts of Singapore or any tidal water within the limits of Singapore, the receiver must, upon being made acquainted with the circumstances, forthwith proceed there, and upon his or her arrival must take the command of all persons present and must assign such duties and give such directions to each person as he or she thinks fit for the preservation of the ship and of the lives of the persons belonging to the ship (called in this Part shipwrecked persons) and of the cargo and apparel of the ship. (2) Any person who wilfully disobeys any direction of the receiver shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000, but the receiver must not interfere between the master and the crew of the ship in reference to the management thereof unless he or she is requested to do so by the master.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s148
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 148
title: Powers of receiver in case of ships in distress
content:
148. —(1) The receiver may, with a view to the preservation under section 147 of shipwrecked persons or of the ship, cargo or apparel — ( a ) require any persons that the receiver thinks necessary to assist him or her; ( b ) require the master or other person having the charge of any ship near at hand to give any aid with his or her men or ship that is in his or her power; and ( c ) demand the use of any vehicle that may be near at hand. (2) Any person who, without reasonable cause, refuses to comply with any such requisition or demand shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s149
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 149
title: Power to pass over adjoining lands
content:
149. —(1) Whenever a ship is wrecked, stranded or in distress as aforesaid, all persons may, for the purpose of rendering assistance to the ship, or of saving the lives of the shipwrecked persons, or of saving the cargo or apparel of the ship, unless there is some public road equally convenient, pass and repass, over any adjoining lands without being subject to interruption by the owner or occupier, so that they do as little damage as possible, and may also on the like condition, deposit on those lands any cargo or other article recovered from the ship. (2) Any damage sustained by an owner or occupier in consequence of the exercise of the rights given by this section is to be a charge on the ship, cargo or articles, in respect of or by which the damage is occasioned, and the amount payable in respect of the damage is to, in case of dispute, be determined and is, in default of payment, recoverable in the same manner as the amount of salvage is under this Part determined or recoverable. (3) Any owner or occupier of any land who — ( a ) impedes or hinders any person in the exercise of the rights given by this section by locking the owner or occupier’s gates, or refusing upon request to open the same, or otherwise; ( b ) impedes or hinders the deposit of any cargo or other article recovered from the ship as aforesaid on the land; or ( c ) prevents or endeavours to prevent any such cargo or other article from remaining deposited on the land for a reasonable time until the cargo or article can be removed to a safe place of public deposit, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s150
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 150
title: Power of receiver to suppress plunder and disorder by force
content:
150. —(1) Whenever a ship is wrecked, stranded or in distress as aforesaid, and any person plunders, creates disorder or obstructs the preservation of the ship or of the shipwrecked persons or of the cargo or apparel of the ship, the receiver may cause that person to be apprehended. (2) The receiver may use force for the suppression of any such plundering, disorder or obstruction, and may command all persons to assist him or her in so using force.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s151
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 151
title: Exercise of powers of receiver in his or her absence
content:
151. —(1) Where a receiver is not present, the following officers or persons in succession, each in the absence of the other, in the order in which they are named, namely, superintendent or assistant superintendent of police, Magistrate, Justice of the Peace, or commissioned officer on full pay in the Singapore Armed Forces, may do anything by this Part authorised to be done by the receiver. (2) An officer acting under this section for a receiver is to, with respect to any goods or articles belonging to a ship the delivery of which to the receiver is required by this Act, be considered as the agent of the receiver, and must place the goods or articles in the custody of the receiver, but the officer is not entitled to any fees payable to receivers or to be deprived by reason of his or her so acting of any right to salvage to which he or she would otherwise be entitled.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s152
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 152
title: Examination in respect of ships in distress
content:
152. —(1) Where any ship is or has been in distress on the coasts of Singapore, a receiver of wreck or in his or her absence a Magistrate or a Justice of the Peace must, as soon as conveniently may be, examine on oath any person belonging to the ship, or any other person who is able to give any account thereof or of the cargo or stores thereof, as to the following matters: ( a ) the name and description of the ship; ( b ) the names of the master and the owner; ( c ) the names of the owners of the cargo; ( d ) the ports from and to which the ship was bound; ( e ) the occasion of the distress of the ship; ( f ) the services rendered; ( g ) any other matters or circumstances relating to the ship or to the cargo on board the ship that the person holding the examination thinks necessary. (2) The person holding the examination must take the examination down in writing, and must send one copy thereof to the Authority, and another to the office of the Port Master, where the copy must be placed in some conspicuous place for the inspection of persons desirous of examining it. (3) The person holding the examination is to for the purposes thereof have all the powers of an inspector under this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s153
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 153
title: Rules to be observed by persons finding wreck
content:
153. —(1) Where any person finds or takes possession of any wreck within the limits of Singapore or of any wreck found or taken possession of outside the limits of Singapore and brought within the limits of Singapore, the person must — ( a ) if the person is the owner thereof, give notice to the receiver stating that the person has found or taken possession of the wreck, and describing the marks by which the wreck may be recognised; or ( b ) if the person is not the owner thereof, as soon as possible deliver the wreck to the receiver. (2) Any person who, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000, and shall, in addition, if the person is not the owner, forfeit any claim to salvage, and shall be liable to pay to the owner of the wreck if it is claimed, or if it is unclaimed to the person entitled to the wreck, double the value thereof, to be recovered in the same way as a fine of a like amount under this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s154
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 154
title: Penalty for taking wreck at time of casualty
content:
154. —(1) Where a ship is wrecked, stranded or in distress at any place on or near the coasts of Singapore, or any tidal water within the limits of Singapore, any cargo or other articles belonging to or separated from the ship which are washed on shore or otherwise lost or taken from the ship must be delivered to the receiver. (2) Any person, whether the owner or not, who secretes or keeps possession of any such cargo or article, or refuses to deliver the cargo or article to the receiver or any person authorised by the receiver to demand the cargo or article, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000. (3) The receiver or any person authorised as aforesaid may take any such cargo or article by force from the person so refusing to deliver the cargo or article.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s155
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 155
title: Notice of wreck to be given by receiver
content:
155. Where a receiver takes possession of any wreck, the receiver must within 48 hours cause to be posted at the office of the Port Master, and, if the receiver thinks it desirable, the receiver must send to the secretary of Lloyd’s in London, a description thereof and of any marks by which it is distinguished.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s156
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 156
title: Claims of owners to wreck
content:
156. —(1) The owner of any wreck in the possession of the receiver, upon establishing the owner’s claim to the wreck to the satisfaction of the receiver within one month from the time at which the wreck came into the possession of the receiver, is entitled, upon paying the salvage fees and expenses due, to have the wreck or the proceeds thereof delivered up to the owner. (2) Where any articles belonging to or forming part of a foreign ship which has been wrecked on or near the coasts of Singapore, or belonging to and forming part of the cargo, are found on or near those coasts or are brought into any port in Singapore, the consular officer of the country to which the ship or, in the case of cargo, to which the owners of the cargo may have belonged is to, in the absence of the owner and the master or other agent of the owner, be deemed to be the agent of the owner, so far as relates to the custody and disposal of the articles. (3) Where any foreign ship is wrecked on or near the coasts of Singapore, the consular officer of the country to which the ship may have belonged is to, in the absence of the owner and the master or other agent of the owner, be deemed to be the agent of the owner, so far as relates to the custody and disposal of the wrecked ship. [8/2005]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s157
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 157
title: Immediate sale of wreck by receiver in certain cases
content:
157. —(1) A receiver may at any time sell any wreck in his or her custody, if in his or her opinion — ( a ) it is under the value of $1,000; ( b ) it is so much damaged or of so perishable a nature that it cannot with advantage be kept; or ( c ) it is not of sufficient value to pay for warehousing. (2) The proceeds of the sale must, after defraying the expenses thereof, be held by the receiver for the same purposes and subject to the same claims, rights and liabilities as if the wreck had remained unsold.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s158
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 158
title: Right of Government to unclaimed wreck
content:
158. The Government is entitled to all unclaimed wreck found in any part of Singapore except in places where the Government has granted to any person the right to the wreck.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s159
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 159
title: Unclaimed wreck
content:
159. —(1) Where no owner establishes a claim to any wreck found in Singapore or to any wreck found or taken possession of outside Singapore and brought within Singapore and in the possession of a receiver within one month after it came into his or her possession, the receiver must sell the wreck, and must pay the proceeds of the sale into the Consolidated Fund, after deducting therefrom the expenses of the sale and any other expenses incurred by him or her and his or her fees and paying there out to the salvors such amount of salvage as the Minister in each case or by any general rule determines. (2) Nothing in this section alters the application of any droits of admiralty or droits of the Government.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s160
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 160
title: Delivery of unclaimed wreck by receiver not to affect title
content:
160. Upon delivery of the wreck or payment of the proceeds of sale of the wreck by a receiver under this Part, the receiver is discharged from all liability in respect thereof, but the delivery thereof does not prejudice or affect any question which is raised by third parties concerning the right or title to the wreck.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s161
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 161
title: Removal of wreck by receiver
content:
161. —(1) Where any ship is sunk, stranded or abandoned within the territorial waters of Singapore but outside the limits of any port in such a manner as, in the opinion of the receiver, to be or to be likely to become an obstruction or danger to navigation, the receiver may — ( a ) take possession of, and raise, remove or destroy the whole or any part of, the ship; ( b ) light or buoy any such ship or part until the raising, removal or destruction thereof; and ( c ) sell, in such manner as the receiver thinks fit, any ship or part so raised or removed, and also any other property recovered in the exercise of his or her powers under this section, and out of the proceeds of the sale reimburse himself or herself for the expenses incurred by him or her in relation thereto under this section, and the receiver must hold the surplus (if any) of the proceeds in trust for the persons entitled thereto. (2) A sale must not, except in the case of any property which is of a perishable nature, or which would deteriorate in value by delay, be made under this section until at least 7 clear days’ notice of the intended sale has been given by advertisement in a newspaper circulating in Singapore. (3) At any time before any property is sold under this section, the owner thereof is entitled to have the property delivered to the owner on payment to the receiver of the fair market value thereof, to be ascertained by agreement between the receiver and the owner, or failing agreement, by some person to be named for the purpose by the Authority. (4) The sum paid to the receiver as the value of any property under this section is deemed to be the proceeds of sale of that property.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s162
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 162
title: Powers of removal extend to tackle, cargo, etc.
content:
162. The provisions of this Part relating to removal of wrecks apply to every article or thing or collection of things being or forming part of the tackle, equipment, cargo, stores or ballast of a ship in the same manner as if it were included in the term “ship”, and for the purposes of those provisions any proceeds of sale arising from a ship and from the cargo thereof, or any other property recovered therefrom, are regarded as a common fund.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s163
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 163
title: Taking wreck to foreign port
content:
163. Any person who takes into any foreign port any ship, stranded, derelict or otherwise in distress found on or near the coasts of Singapore, or any tidal water within the limits of Singapore, or any part of the cargo or apparel thereof or anything belonging thereto, or any wreck found within those limits, and there sells the same, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to both.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s164
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 164
title: Interfering with wrecked ship or wreck
content:
164. —(1) A person must not, without the leave of the master, board or endeavour to board any ship which is wrecked, stranded or in distress, unless the person is, or acts by command of, the receiver or a person lawfully acting as such. (2) Any person who acts in contravention of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 and the master of the ship may repel him or her by force. (3) A person must not — ( a ) impede or hinder, or endeavour in any way to impede or hinder, the saving of any ship stranded or in danger of being stranded, or otherwise in distress on or near any coast or tidal water, or of any part of the cargo or apparel thereof or of any wreck; ( b ) secrete any wreck, or deface or obliterate any marks thereon; or ( c ) wrongfully carry away or remove any part of a ship stranded or in danger of being stranded, or otherwise in distress on or near any coast or tidal water, or any part of the cargo or apparel thereof or any wreck. (4) Any person who acts in contravention of subsection (3) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000, and such fine may be imposed in addition to any punishment to which the person may be liable by law under this Act or otherwise.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s165
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 165
title: Summary procedure for concealment of wreck
content:
165. —(1) Where a receiver suspects or receives information that any wreck is secreted or in the possession of some person who is not the owner thereof or that any wreck is otherwise improperly dealt with, the receiver may apply to a Magistrate’s Court for a search warrant. (2) The Magistrate’s Court may grant the search warrant, and the receiver, by virtue thereof, may enter any house or other place wherever situate and also any ship and search for, seize and detain any such wreck found therein. (3) If any such seizure of wreck is made in consequence of information given by any person to the receiver, the informer is entitled, by way of salvage, to such sum as the receiver allows.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s166
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 166
title: Recourse for life salvage payment
content:
166. —(1) This section applies where — ( a ) services are rendered wholly or in part within Singapore in saving life from any ship or elsewhere in saving life from any Singapore ship; and ( b ) the ship and other property are destroyed, or the sum to which the salvor is entitled under paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the Salvage Convention is less than a reasonable sum for the services rendered in saving life. [3/2019] (2) Where this section applies, the Minister may pay to the salvor out of the Consolidated Fund such sum or additional sum as the Minister thinks fit for the services rendered in saving life. [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s167
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 167
title: Salvage of cargo or wreck
content:
167. —(1) Where any ship is wrecked, stranded or in distress at any place on or near the coasts of Singapore, or in any tidal water within the limits of Singapore, and services are rendered by any person in assisting that ship or saving the cargo or apparel of that ship or any part thereof, and where services are rendered by any person other than a receiver in saving any wreck, there is payable to the salvor by the owner of the ship, cargo, apparel or wreck, a reasonable amount of salvage to be determined in case of dispute in the manner hereinafter mentioned. [3/2019] (2) The right of a salvor to a reasonable amount of salvage under subsection (1) is subject to paragraph 2 of Article 12, and Articles 17, 18 and 19, of the Salvage Convention. [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s168
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 168
title: Determination of salvage disputes
content:
168. —(1) Disputes as to the amount of salvage, whether of life or property and whether rendered within or without Singapore, arising between the salvor and the owners of any ship, cargo, apparel or wreck, if not settled by agreement, arbitration or otherwise, are to be determined summarily by a District Court in any case where — ( a ) the parties to the dispute consent; ( b ) the value of the property saved does not exceed $50,000; and ( c ) the amount claimed does not exceed $50,000. (2) Subject to subsection (1), disputes as to salvage are to be determined by the General Division of the High Court, but if the claimant does not recover in the General Division of the High Court more than $50,000, the claimant is not entitled to recover any costs, charges or expenses incurred by the claimant in the prosecution of the claim unless the General Division of the High Court certifies that the case is a fit one to be tried by the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019] (3) Disputes relating to salvage may be determined on the application either of the salvor or of the owner of the property saved or of their respective agents.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s169
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 169
title: Determination of disputes as to salvage summarily
content:
169. A District Court may, for the purpose of determining a dispute as to salvage, call in to its assistance any person conversant with maritime affairs as assessor, and there is to be paid as part of the costs of the proceedings to every such assessor in respect of his or her services any sum that the Authority directs.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s170
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 170
title: Appeal in case of salvage disputes
content:
170. Where a dispute relating to salvage has been determined by a District Court, any party aggrieved by the decision may appeal therefrom in accordance with the Rules of Court to the General Division of the High Court, but no such appeal is to be allowed unless the sum in dispute exceeds $2,000. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s171
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 171
title: Valuation of property by receiver
content:
171. —(1) Where any dispute as to salvage arises, the receiver may, on the application of either party, appoint a valuer to value the property, and must give copies of the valuation to both parties. (2) Any copy of the valuation purporting to be signed by the valuer, and to be certified as a true copy by the receiver, is admissible as evidence in any subsequent proceedings. (3) Any fee that the Authority directs is to be paid in respect of the valuation by the person applying for the valuation.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s172
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 172
title: Detention of property liable to salvage by receiver
content:
172. —(1) Where salvage is due to any person under this Act, the receiver must — ( a ) if the salvage is due in respect of services rendered in assisting any ship, or in saving life therefrom, or in saving the cargo or apparel thereof, detain the ship and cargo or apparel; and ( b ) if the salvage is due in respect of the saving of any wreck, and the wreck is not sold as unclaimed under this Act, detain the wreck. (2) Subject to subsection (3), the receiver must detain the ship and the cargo and apparel, or the wreck (called in this Act detained property), until payment is made for salvage or process is issued for the arrest or detention thereof by the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019] (3) A receiver may release any detained property if security is given to his or her satisfaction or, if the claim for salvage exceeds $1,000 and any question is raised as to the sufficiency of the security, to the satisfaction of the General Division of the High Court. [S 1018/2020] (4) Any security given for salvage under this section to an amount exceeding $1,000 may be enforced by the General Division of the High Court in the same manner as if bail had been given in the General Division of the High Court. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s173
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 173
title: Sale of detained property
content:
173. —(1) The receiver may sell any detained property if the persons liable to pay the salvage in respect of which the property is detained are aware of the detention in the following cases: ( a ) where the amount is not disputed and payment of the amount due is not made within 20 days after the amount is due; ( b ) where the amount is disputed but no appeal lies, and payment is not made within 20 days after the decision of the General Division of the High Court; ( c ) where the amount is disputed and an appeal lies from the decision of the General Division of the High Court, and within 20 days of the decision neither payment of the sum due is made nor have any proceedings been taken for the purpose of appeal. [40/2019] (2) The proceeds of sale of the detained property are to, after payment of the expenses of the sale, be applied by the receiver in payment of the expenses, fees and salvage and, so far as not required for that purpose, are to be paid to the owners of the property or any other persons entitled to receive the proceeds.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s174
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 174
title: Apportionment of salvage by receiver
content:
174. —(1) Where the aggregate amount of salvage payable in respect of salvage services rendered in Singapore has been finally determined, either summarily in the manner provided by this Act or by agreement, and does not exceed $1,000, but a dispute arises as to the apportionment thereof among several claimants, the person liable to pay the amount may apply to the receiver for liberty to pay the amount to the receiver. (2) The receiver must, if the receiver thinks fit, receive the amount accordingly, and must grant to the person paying the amount a certificate of the amount paid and of the services in respect of which it is paid, and that certificate is a full discharge and indemnity to the person by whom the money is paid and to the person’s ship, cargo, apparel and effects against the claims of all persons whomsoever in respect of the services mentioned in the certificate. (3) The receiver must as soon as practicable distribute any amount received by him or her under this section among the persons entitled to the money on such evidence and in such shares and proportions as the receiver thinks fit, and may retain any money which appears to him or her to be payable to any person who is absent. (4) Any apportionment of the amount of salvage by the receiver under this section must be made in accordance with Article 15 of the Salvage Convention. [3/2019] (5) A distribution made by the receiver under this section is final and conclusive as against all persons claiming to be entitled to any portion of the amount distributed.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s175
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 175
title: Appointment of salvage by General Division of High Court
content:
175. —(1) Whenever the aggregate amount of salvage payable in respect of salvage service rendered in Singapore has been finally ascertained and exceeds $1,000 or whenever the aggregate amount of salvage payable in respect of salvage services rendered elsewhere has been finally ascertained, whatever that amount may be, then, if any delay or dispute arises as to the apportionment thereof, the General Division of the High Court may — ( a ) cause the amount to be apportioned among the persons entitled thereto in any manner that the General Division of the High Court thinks just, and may for that purpose, if the General Division of the High Court thinks fit, appoint any person to carry that apportionment into effect; ( b ) compel any person in whose hands or under whose control the amount may be to distribute the amount or to bring the amount into court to be there dealt with as the General Division of the High Court directs; and ( c ) for the purposes aforesaid, issue any processes that the General Division of the High Court thinks fit. [3/2019; 40/2019] (2) Any apportionment of the amount of salvage by the General Division of the High Court under this section must be made in accordance with Article 15 of the Salvage Convention. [3/2019; 40/2019] 176. [ Repealed by Act 27 of 2020 ]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s177
chapter: PART 9 - WRECK AND SALVAGE
section: 177
title: Receiver’s fees
content:
177. —(1) There is to be paid to every receiver the expenses properly incurred by him or her in the performance of his or her duties, and any fees that may be directed by the Authority in respect of such matters as the Authority may, by notification in the Gazette , specify; but the receiver is not entitled to any remuneration other than those payments. (2) The receiver, in addition to all other rights and remedies for the recovery of those expenses or fees, has the same rights and remedies in respect thereof as a salvor has in respect of salvage due to him or her. (3) Whenever any dispute arises as to the amount payable to any receiver in respect of expenses or fees, that dispute is to be determined by the Authority whose decision is final. (4) All fees received by a receiver in respect of services performed by him or her as receiver must be accounted for to the Authority and must form part of the funds of the Authority.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s178
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 178
title: Provision as to jurisdiction in case of offences
content:
178. For the purpose of giving jurisdiction under this Act, every offence is deemed to have been committed, and every cause of complaint to have arisen, either in the place in which the offence actually was committed or arose or in any place in which the offender or person complained against may be.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s179
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 179
title: Jurisdiction over ships lying off coast
content:
179. Where any place within which any court has jurisdiction either under this Act or any other written law or at common law for any purpose whatever is situate on the coast of any sea, or abutting on or projecting into any bay, channel, lake, river or other navigable water, every such court has jurisdiction over any ship being on, or lying or passing off, that coast or being in or near that bay, channel, lake, river or navigable water and over all persons on board that ship or for the time being belonging thereto, in the same manner as if the ship or persons were within the limits of the original jurisdiction of the court.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s180
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 180
title: Jurisdiction in case of offences on board ship
content:
180. Where any person is charged with having committed any offence on board any Singapore ship on the high seas or elsewhere outside Singapore or on board any foreign ship to which the person does not belong and that person is found within the jurisdiction of any court in Singapore which would have had cognizance of the offence if it had been committed on board a Singapore ship within the limits of its ordinary jurisdiction, that court has jurisdiction to try the offence as if it had been so committed.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s181
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 181
title: Presumption of jurisdiction
content:
181. Where, in any legal proceedings under this Act, a question arises whether or not any ship or person is or is not within the provisions of this Act or some part thereof, the ship or person is presumed to be within those provisions unless the contrary is proved.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s182
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 182
title: Court for trial of offences
content:
182. Unless the context otherwise requires, any offence under this Act may be tried by a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court and such Court, despite the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 and any other written law, has jurisdiction to impose the maximum penalty provided for by this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s183
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 183
title: Sums ordered to be paid leviable by distress on ship
content:
183. Where any court has power to make an order directing payment to be made of any crew member’s wages, fines or other sums of money, then, if the party so directed to pay the same is the person employing the crew member, or the owner of a ship, and the same is not paid at the time and in the manner prescribed in the order, the court which made the order may, in addition to payment, direct the amount remaining unpaid to be levied by distress and sale of the ship and its equipment. [6/2014]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s184
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 184
title: Depositions to be received in evidence when witness cannot be produced
content:
184. —(1) Whenever in the course of any legal proceedings instituted before any court, or before any person authorised by law or by consent of parties to receive evidence, the testimony of any witness is required in relation to the subject matter of that proceedings, then upon due proof that the witness cannot be found in Singapore, any deposition that the witness has previously made on oath in relation to the same subject matter before any judge, magistrate or any consular officer elsewhere is admissible in evidence subject to the following provisions: ( a ) if the deposition was made in Singapore, it is not admissible in any proceedings instituted in Singapore; ( b ) if the proceedings is criminal, it is not admissible unless it was made in the presence of the person accused. (2) A deposition so made must be authenticated by the signature of the judge, magistrate or consular officer before whom it is made; and the judge, magistrate or consular officer is to certify, if the fact is so, that the accused was present at the taking thereof. (3) A deposition so made is deemed to be duly authenticated if it purports to be signed by the judge, magistrate or consular officer before whom it is made. (4) It is not necessary in any case to prove the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed any such deposition, and in any criminal proceedings a certificate under this section is, unless the contrary is proved, sufficient evidence of the accused having been present in the manner thereby certified. (5) Nothing herein affects any case in which depositions taken in any proceedings are rendered admissible in evidence by any written law or interfere with the practice of any court in which depositions not authenticated as hereinbefore mentioned are admissible.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s185
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 185
title: Proof of attestation not required
content:
185. Where any document is required by this Act to be executed in the presence of or to be attested by any witness, that document may be proved by the evidence of any person who is able to bear witness to the requisite facts without calling the attesting witness.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s186
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 186
title: Admissibility of documents in evidence
content:
186. —(1) The following documents are admissible in evidence: ( a ) any register under Part 2 on its production from the custody of the Registrar or other person having lawful custody thereof; ( b ) a certificate of registry under Part 2 purporting to be signed by the Registrar; ( c ) any amendment to a certificate of registry purporting to be signed by the Registrar; ( d ) every declaration made pursuant to Part 2 in respect of a Singapore ship; ( e ) a certificate issued or deemed to be issued in accordance with regulations made under section 47; ( f ) crew agreements and copies of entries given under Part 4 of additions to or changes in crew agreements; ( g ) documents purporting to be submissions to or decisions by the Director under section 59; ( h ) the official logbook kept under section 89 and, without affecting subsection (3), any document purporting to be a copy of an entry therein and to be certified as a true copy by the master of the ship; ( i ) returns or reports made under section 91. (2) The documents mentioned in subsection (1) are, on their production from the proper custody, admissible in evidence in any court or before any person having by law or consent of parties authority to receive evidence, and, subject to all just exceptions, are evidence of the matters stated therein pursuant to this Act or by any officer pursuant to his or her duties as such officer. (3) A copy of any such document or extract therefrom is also so admissible in evidence, if proved to be an examined copy or extract, or if it purports to be signed and certified as a true copy or extract by the officer to whose custody the original document was entrusted, and that officer must furnish such certified copy or extract to any person applying at a reasonable time for the certified copy or extract, upon payment of any fee that may be prescribed.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s187
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 187
title: Service of documents
content:
187. —(1) Where for the purposes of this Act, any document is to be served on any person, that document may be served — ( a ) in any case by delivering a copy thereof personally to the person to be served, or by leaving the copy at the person’s last known place of abode; ( b ) if the document is to be served on the master of a ship, where there is one, or on a person belonging to a ship, by leaving the document for him or her on board that ship with the person being or appearing to be in command or charge of the ship; and ( c ) if the document is to be served on the master of a ship, where there is no master, and the ship is in Singapore, on the operator of the ship, or on some agent of the owner residing in Singapore, or by affixing a copy thereof at the means of access to the ship, or in any place on board the ship which appears to be frequented by people. (2) Any person who obstructs the service on the master of a ship of any document under section 113 (relating to the detention of ships as unsafe ships) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction for each offence to a fine not exceeding $2,000. (3) Any owner or master of the ship who is party or privy to such obstruction shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction for each offence to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s188
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 188
title: Mode of making declarations
content:
188. —(1) Any declaration required by this Act may be made before the Director, a Justice of the Peace, a Commissioner for Oaths, a surveyor of ships or any other person authorised to take or receive a declaration by any law in force in Singapore. (2) Any declaration required by this Act may be made on behalf of a corporation by the director, the secretary or any other agent of the corporation authorised by the corporation for that purpose.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s189
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 189
title: Continuing offences
content:
189. Where by a provision of this Act an act or thing is required to be done within a particular period or before a particular time, the obligation to do that act or thing continues, even though that period has expired or that time has passed, until that act or thing is done.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s190
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 190
title: Liability of beneficial owners
content:
190. —(1) Where any person has a beneficial interest in any ship or any share therein registered in the name of some other person as owner, the person so interested, as well as the registered owner of the ship, is subject to all pecuniary penalties imposed by this Act or any other written law on the owner of the ship or the shares therein and proceedings may be taken for the enforcement of any such penalty against both or either of the aforesaid parties, with or without joining them. (2) For the purpose of this section, a person who has an interest in any ship or any share therein by way of mortgage, charge or lien, is not deemed to have a beneficial interest in the ship unless the person is in possession of the ship.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s191
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 191
title: Offences by body corporate
content:
191. —(1) Where an offence under this Act which has been committed by a body corporate is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he or she as well as the body corporate shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. (2) Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsection (1) applies in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with the member’s functions of management as if the member were a director of the body corporate.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s192
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 192
title: Offences under this Act
content:
192. A person must not be charged with any offence under this Act except on the complaint or with the consent of the Public Prosecutor, the Director, the Port Master, a Port Health Officer or a surveyor of ships. [15/2010]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s193
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 193
title: Forgery, etc., of documents and fraudulent use
content:
193. —(1) Any person who forges, or fraudulently alters, or assists in forging or fraudulently altering, or procures or suffers to be forged or fraudulently altered any of the following documents: ( a ) any declaration; ( b ) any builder’s certificate, bill of sale or other document or instrument of title to a ship or any share therein; ( c ) any document evidencing the deletion of a ship from its former registry; ( d ) any crew agreement, instrument of mortgage, register, certificate, licence, book, instrument or other document prescribed by this Act (including replacement or certified copies thereof or certified extracts therefrom) or any entry or endorsement prescribed by this Act to be made in or on any of those documents; ( e ) any document produced to the Director for the purposes of obtaining for the person or any other person any certificate, licence, book or other document issued under this Act (including replacement or certified copies thereof) or for the purposes of obtaining an entry or endorsement in or on any of those documents, shall be guilty of an offence. (2) Any person who fraudulently uses or allows any other person to fraudulently use — ( a ) any of the documents mentioned in subsection (1) which is forged, altered or otherwise false or misleading in any material particular; or ( b ) any of the documents mentioned in subsection (1)( d ) which has expired or has been cancelled or suspended, or has become invalid for any reason, shall be guilty of an offence. (3) If any person ( A ) fraudulently uses any document mentioned in subsection (1)( d ) which is issued to or issued in relation to a person and A is not the person named in the document or to which the document relates, A shall be guilty of an offence. (4) If any person ( A ) allows any other person ( B ) to fraudulently use any of the documents mentioned in subsection (1)( d ) which is issued to or issued in relation to a person and B is not the person named in the document or to which the document relates, A shall be guilty of an offence.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s194
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 194
title: False declaration, etc.
content:
194. If any person knowingly or recklessly, for any purpose prescribed by this Act — ( a ) makes a declaration, statement or representation which is false or otherwise misleading in any material particular; ( b ) gives false evidence on oath; or ( c ) makes in any document produced or delivered to any person authorised to receive it under this Act, any statement or entry which is false or otherwise misleading in any material particular, the person shall be guilty of an offence.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s195
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 195
title: Interfering with person in carrying out duty, etc.
content:
195. Any person who — ( a ) by violence, threat or intimidation, hinders or interferes with or otherwise obstructs the master or an officer of a ship in performing his or her duty; or ( b ) resists or wilfully obstructs, assaults, molests or otherwise intimidates a person who is carrying out or exercising any duty, function, right or power imposed on him or her by this Act, shall be guilty of an offence.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s196
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 196
title: Misleading officer, refusal to answer questions, produce documents, etc.
content:
196. Any person who — ( a ) misleads any other person on whom a duty, function or power is imposed on him or her under this Act in any material particular which is likely to affect the discharge thereof; ( b ) refuses to answer any question lawfully put to him or her, or to produce documents in his or her possession or custody lawfully demanded of him or her; ( c ) refuses to give all reasonable assistance to any person who is carrying out any duty, function or power imposed on him or her under this Act; or ( d ) refuses to attend as a witness before an inspector or any person having the powers of an inspector, or to make or subscribe any declaration required by the inspector or person having the powers of an inspector, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s197
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 197
title: Offences relating to markings of ship
content:
197. —(1) The markings required by this Act to be made on or in a ship must be permanently continued, and no alteration is to be made, except in the manner provided by this Act. (2) An owner or a master of a ship who, without reasonable cause, neglects to cause the ship to be so marked, or to keep it so marked; shall be guilty of an offence. (3) Any person who, without reasonable cause, conceals, removes, alters, defaces, obliterates or suffers any other person under the firstmentioned person’s control to conceal, remove, alter, deface or obliterate any of the marks mentioned in subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s198
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 198
title: Unauthorised presence on board ship
content:
198. Where a ship registered in Singapore or elsewhere is in Singapore and a person who is not authorised by law to do so — ( a ) goes on board the ship without the consent of the master or any other person authorised to give it; or ( b ) remains on board the ship after being requested to leave by the Director, the Port Master, the master or a police officer, the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s199
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 199
title: Taking person performing duty to sea
content:
199. If any person performing his or her duties or functions under this Act is taken to sea in a ship without his or her consent, the owner and the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and shall both be jointly and severally liable to pay all expenses incidental to the person’s return to duty.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s200
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 200
title: General penalties
content:
200. —(1) Any person guilty of an offence under this Act for which no penalty is expressly provided shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (2) Any person who fails to comply with or does or suffers to be done anything contrary to the provisions of this Act shall, unless otherwise provided, be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s201
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 201
title: Persons appointed or authorised under this Act deemed public servants
content:
201. Every person appointed or authorised under this Act for any of the purposes of this Act, when acting pursuant to any such purpose, is deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of the Penal Code 1871.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s202
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 202
title: Costs of detention of unsafe ships
content:
202. —(1) If it appears that there was no reasonable or probable cause for the provisional detention of a ship under section 113, the Authority shall be liable to pay to the owner of the ship the owner’s costs of and incidental to the detention and survey of the ship, and also compensation for any loss or damage sustained by the owner by reason of the detention or survey. (2) An action for any costs or compensation payable by the Authority under subsection (1) may be brought against the Director by his or her official title. (3) If — ( a ) a ship is finally detained under section 113; ( b ) a ship is provisionally detained under section 113 and the ship was, at the time of detention, an unsafe ship; or ( c ) a ship is detained under this Act which provides for the detention of a ship, the owner of the ship shall be liable to pay to the Authority its costs of and incidental to the detention and survey of the ship. (4) Any costs payable to the Authority under this Act may be recovered by the Director and those costs are, without affecting any other remedy, recoverable as salvage is recoverable.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s203
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 203
title: Security for costs of detention of unsafe ships
content:
203. —(1) Where a complaint is made to the Director that a ship is an unsafe ship, the Director may, if he or she thinks fit, require the complainant to give security to his or her satisfaction for any costs and compensation which the Director may become liable to pay in consequence of the detention and survey of the ship. (2) Such security must not be required where the complaint is made by 3 or more crew members belonging to the ship and is not in the opinion of the Director frivolous or vexatious, and if the complaint is made in sufficient time before the sailing of the ship, the Director must take proper steps to ascertain whether the ship ought to be detained. [6/2014] (3) Where a ship is detained in consequence of any complaint, and the circumstances are such that the Authority is liable under section 202 to pay to the owner of the ship any costs or compensation, the complainant shall be liable to pay the Authority all costs incurred and compensation paid by the Authority in respect of the detention and survey of the ship.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s204
chapter: PART 10 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
section: 204
title: Immunity of Government, Authority and their employees, etc.
content:
204. No suit or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Government, the Authority or any officer or employee of the Government or the Authority or any person appointed under this Act or acting under the direction of the Government or the Authority for any act done in good faith in the performance, or intended performance, of any duty, or in the exercise of any power under this Act, or for any failure or default in the performance or exercise in good faith of any duty or power under this Act.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s205
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 205
title: Powers of Director, etc.
content:
205. —(1) The Director, the Port Master, a Port Health Officer, a surveyor of ships or a police officer may, at any time, for the purposes of this Act — ( a ) go on board any ship and inspect and examine the ship or any part of the ship or its equipment; ( b ) enter and inspect any premises; ( c ) require and enforce the production of any book, certificate or document relating to any ship or persons on board the ship; ( d ) muster all persons on board any ship; ( e ) summon any person before him or her and require the person to answer questions; and ( f ) require any ship to be taken into a dock for the purpose of surveying the hull. [6/2014] (2) The Director may compound any offence under this Act that is prescribed as a compoundable offence by collecting from the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding the lower of the following: ( a ) one half of the amount of the maximum fine that is prescribed for the offence; ( b ) $2,000. [3/2019] (3) On payment of the sum of money under subsection (2), no further proceedings are to be taken against that person in respect of the offence. [3/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s206
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 206
title: Powers of inspector
content:
206. An inspector and any person having the powers of such an inspector — ( a ) have the powers conferred under section 205(1); and ( b ) may administer oaths or may, in lieu of requiring or administering an oath, require every person examined by him or her to make and subscribe to a declaration of the truth of the statements made by the person in the examination.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s207
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 207
title: Power of arrest
content:
207. —(1) The Director, the Port Master, a Port Health Officer, a surveyor of ships or a police officer may arrest without warrant any person who has committed an offence under this Act and take him or her before a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court (as the case may be) to be dealt with according to law. (2) Any article concerning, by or for which an offence has been committed may be seized and taken to a police station, unless given up sooner by order of a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s208
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 208
title: Power of General Division of High Court to remove master
content:
208. —(1) The General Division of the High Court may remove the master of any ship within the jurisdiction of the General Division of the High Court, if that removal is shown to the satisfaction of the General Division of the High Court by affidavit evidence to be necessary. [40/2019] (2) The removal of the master under subsection (1) is to be made upon the application of any owner of the ship or the owner’s agent, or of the authorised agent of the ship, or of any certificated mate or engineer, or of one-third or more of the crew of the ship. (3) The General Division of the High Court may appoint a new master in place of the one removed, but where the owner or agent of the ship is within the jurisdiction of the General Division of the High Court, such an appointment must not be made without the consent of the owner or agent. [40/2019] (4) The General Division of the High Court may also make such order and require such security in respect of the costs of the matter as the General Division of the High Court thinks fit. [40/2019]


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s209
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 209
title: Enforcing detention of ship
content:
209. —(1) Where under this Act a ship is to be or may be detained, the Director, the Port Master, a surveyor of ships, a police officer not below the rank of inspector or a commissioned officer on full pay in the Singapore Armed Forces may detain the ship if it is in Singapore, and the ship may be detained until it complies with the provisions which it contravened. (2) If the ship, after detention, or after service on the master of the ship of any notice of or order for detention, goes to sea before it is released by the competent authority, the owner and the master of the ship, and also any person who is party or privy to the offence, shall each be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. (3) Any person authorised under this section to detain a ship may, if he or she thinks it necessary to do so, place a police guard on board. (4) Any police guard so placed on board a ship may take any steps that are necessary to prevent the ship from going to sea.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s210
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 210
title: Issue of new document
content:
210. —(1) Where a document issued by the Director or the Registrar under this Act is mislaid, lost or destroyed, the following person (as applicable) must make a declaration stating the facts of the case to the best of the person’s knowledge and belief: ( a ) in the case of a document which relates to a ship, the master or the owner of the ship; ( b ) in the case of a document which relates to a person, the person; ( c ) some other person having knowledge of the facts of the case, and the Director or the Registrar may thereupon issue a new document in lieu of the original document. (2) The declaration under subsection (1) must contain an undertaking to surrender to the Director or the Registrar the document declared mislaid, lost or destroyed, when the document is subsequently recovered. (3) The Director or the Registrar may, on the delivery up to him or her of a document issued by him or her under this Act, issue a new document in lieu thereof.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s211
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 211
title: Issue of certified copies or extracts
content:
211. The Director or the Registrar may issue certified copies of or extracts from any document issued by him or her or in his or her custody.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s212
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 212
title: Copy of Act and regulations to be kept on Singapore ships
content:
212. —(1) The master of a Singapore ship which is propelled by mechanical means must keep a copy of this Act on board the ship, except that the master is not obliged to keep a copy of any regulations which do not apply to the ship. (2) Any master who, without reasonable cause, contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s213
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 213
title: Powers of Authority to prescribe fees, recovery of fees and application of moneys
content:
213. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing the fees to be paid in respect of the issue or recording of any certificate, licence or other instrument or the doing of any other thing pursuant to this Act. (2) All fees prescribed under this Act are to be paid to the Director. (3) All fees due to or which may be recovered by the Director under this Act are, without affecting any other remedy, recoverable as salvage is recoverable. (4) In this section, “fees” includes — ( a ) the fees prescribed under section 14; ( b ) the fines imposed on the seamen of a ship for disciplinary offences required by section 83 to be paid to the Director; ( c ) the fees in respect of survey or inspection of a ship or its equipment or other services rendered to or in relation to a ship by a surveyor of ships or a radio surveyor; and ( d ) the fees in respect of services rendered to or in relation to a ship by the Director or a person authorised by the Director. (5) All moneys recovered or received under this Act must be paid to the Authority except that the annual tonnage tax paid under section 14(2) must be paid into the Consolidated Fund.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s214
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 214
title: Documents to be in approved form
content:
214. Every register, certificate, licence, book, instrument or other document prescribed by this Act must be made in the form (if any) that may be approved by the Authority or as near thereto as circumstances permit.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s215
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 215
title: Exemption
content:
215. —(1) The Minister may exempt any person or ship or description of persons or ships from all or any of the provisions of this Act. (2) Any power conferred by this Act to provide for or grant an exemption includes the power to provide for or grant the exemption subject to conditions and to revoke the exemption.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s216
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 216
title: Regulations
content:
216. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make such regulations as are necessary for carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations — ( a ) to exempt any person or ship or description of persons or ships from all or any of the provisions of this Act; ( b ) to empower the Director to exempt any person or ship or description of persons or ships from all or any of the provisions of the regulations; ( c ) to prescribe the form of any document that may be required and to prescribe different forms for different circumstances; ( d ) to make different provision for different descriptions of persons or ships or for persons or ships of the same description in different circumstances; ( e ) to prescribe the offences that may be compounded; ( f ) to make provisions for any incidental or supplementary matters for which the Authority thinks it expedient for the purposes of the regulations to provide; and ( g ) to make a contravention of any provision of any regulation an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $10,000.


document_id: msa-1995
provision_ref: s217
chapter: PART 11 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 217
title: Transitional provisions
content:
217. —(1) Every Singapore ship registered before 2 February 1996 is deemed to be registered under Part 2 of this Act and the provisions of this Act apply to the ship and all matters relating thereto as they apply to a ship registered on or after that date. (2) Any document, endorsement, exemption or certificate prepared, made or granted under the repealed Merchant Shipping Act (Cap. 179, 1985 Revised Edition) is to, so far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, continue and be deemed to have been prepared or granted under the corresponding provisions of this Act. (3) Any reference to the Surveyor-General of Ships or Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office in any written law is to be read as a reference to the Director.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s1
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 1
title: Short title
content:
1. This Act is the Merchant Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Bunker Oil Pollution) Act 2008.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “Authority” means the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore established under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “Bunker Convention” means the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001; “Bunker Convention country” means a country in respect of which the Bunker Convention is in force; “Bunker Convention State” means a State which is a party to the Bunker Convention; “bunker oil” means any hydrocarbon mineral oil, including lubricating oil, used or intended to be used for the operation or propulsion of a ship, and any residues of such oil; “Court” means the General Division of the High Court; “damage” includes loss; “Director” means the Director of Marine appointed under section 4 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and includes the Deputy Director of Marine appointed under that section; “gross tonnage”, in relation to a ship, means its gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the regulations in Annex 1 of the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969; “master” includes every person, except a pilot, having command or charge of a ship; “offshore facility” has the meaning given by the Bunker Convention; “owner”, in relation to a ship, means the owner, and includes the registered owner, bareboat charterer, manager and operator of the ship; “port” has the meaning given by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “registered owner”, in relation to a ship, means the person registered as the owner of the ship, or, in the absence of registration, the person owning the ship, except that, in relation to a ship owned by a State which is operated by a person registered in that State as the ship’s operator, it means the person registered as its operator; “ship” means any sea-going vessel and seaborne craft of any type; “Singapore ship” has the meaning given by the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. [40/2019] (2) For the purposes of this Act — ( a ) references to the territory of Singapore include the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of Singapore and references to the territory of any other country include the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of that country; ( b ) references to the exclusive economic zone of a country are references to the exclusive economic zone of that country established in accordance with international law or, if such a zone has not been established, such area adjacent to the territorial sea of that country and extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of that sea is measured; ( c ) references to a discharge or an escape of bunker oil from a ship are references to such a discharge or an escape wherever it may occur of bunker oil on board or originating from that ship; ( d ) where more than one discharge or escape results from the same occurrence or from a series of occurrences having the same origin, they are treated as one; but any measures taken after the first of them are deemed to have been taken after the discharge or escape; and ( e ) where a relevant threat of contamination mentioned in section 3(2) results from a series of occurrences having the same origin, they are treated as a single occurrence. (3) Nothing in this Act applies in relation to — ( a ) any occurrence before 21 November 2008; or ( b ) any occurrence in a series of occurrences having the same origin, if the first took place before that date.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 3
title: Liability for bunker oil pollution
content:
3. —(1) Subject to subsection (3), where as a result of any occurrence, any bunker oil is discharged or escapes from a ship, the owner of the ship shall, except as otherwise provided by this Part, be liable — ( a ) for any damage caused outside the ship in the territory of Singapore by contamination resulting from the discharge or escape; ( b ) for the cost of any measures reasonably taken after the discharge or escape for the purpose of preventing or minimising any damage so caused in the territory of Singapore by contamination resulting from the discharge or escape; and ( c ) for any damage caused in the territory of Singapore by any measures so taken. (2) Subject to subsection (3), where as a result of any occurrence, there arises a grave and imminent threat of damage being caused outside a ship by the contamination that might result if there were a discharge or an escape of bunker oil from the ship, the owner of the ship shall, except as otherwise provided by this Part, be liable — ( a ) for the cost of any measures reasonably taken to prevent or minimise any such damage in the territory of Singapore; and ( b ) for any damage caused outside the ship in the territory of Singapore by any measures so taken, and in this Act, any such threat is called a relevant threat of contamination. (3) There shall be no liability under this section in relation to — ( a ) a discharge or an escape of bunker oil from a ship to which the Merchant Shipping (Civil Liability and Compensation for Oil Pollution) Act 1998 applies; or ( b ) a threat mentioned in subsection (2) arising in relation to a potential discharge or escape of bunker oil from such a ship, where that bunker oil is also persistent hydrocarbon mineral oil. (4) Where a person incurs a liability under subsection (1) or (2), the person shall also be liable for any damage or cost for which the person would be liable under subsection (1) or (2) if the references in that subsection to the territory of Singapore included the territory of any other Bunker Convention country. (5) Where — ( a ) as a result of any occurrence, a liability is incurred under this section by the owner of each of 2 or more ships; but ( b ) the damage or cost of which each of the owners would be liable cannot reasonably be separated from that for which the other or others would be liable, each of the owners shall be liable, jointly with the other or others, for the whole of the damage or cost for which the owners together would be liable under this section. (6) For the purposes of this section, references to the owner of a ship are references to the owner at the time of the occurrence or first of the occurrences, resulting in the discharge or escape of bunker oil from the ship or giving rise to the relevant threat of contamination, as the case may be. (7) The Contributory Negligence and Personal Injuries Act 1953 applies in relation to any damage or cost for which a person is liable under this section, but which is not due to the person’s fault, as if it were due to the person’s fault.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 4
title: Exceptions from liability under section 3
content:
4. No liability shall be incurred by the owner of a ship under section 3 by reason of any discharge or escape of bunker oil from the ship, or by reason of any relevant threat of contamination, if the owner proves that the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination, as the case may be — ( a ) resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible natural phenomenon; ( b ) was due wholly to anything done or left undone by another person, not being an employee or agent of the owner, with intent to do damage; or ( c ) was due wholly to the negligence or wrongful act of a government or other authority in exercising its functions of maintaining lights or other navigational aids for the maintenance of which it was responsible.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 5
title: Restriction of liability for bunker oil pollution
content:
5. —(1) Where, as a result of any occurrence — ( a ) any bunker oil is discharged or escapes from a ship; or ( b ) there arises a relevant threat of contamination, then, whether or not the owner of the ship in question incurs a liability under section 3 — ( c ) the owner shall not be liable otherwise than under that section for any damage or cost mentioned in that section; and ( d ) no person to whom this paragraph applies shall be liable for any such damage or cost unless it resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by the person either with intent to cause any such damage or cost or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result. (2) Subsection (1)( d ) applies to — ( a ) any servant or agent of the owner of the ship; ( b ) any person not falling within paragraph ( a ) but employed or engaged in any capacity on board the ship or to perform any service for the ship; ( c ) any person performing salvage operations with the consent of the owner of the ship or on the instructions of a competent public authority; ( d ) any person taking any of the measures mentioned in section 3(1)( b ) or (2)( a ); and ( e ) any servant or agent of a person falling within paragraph ( c ) or ( d ). (3) The liability of the owner of a ship under section 3 for any impairment of the environment is taken to be a liability only in respect of — ( a ) any resulting loss of profits; and ( b ) the cost of any reasonable measures of reinstatement actually taken or to be taken.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 6
title: Limitation of liability under section 3
content:
6. —(1) Where, as a result of any occurrence, the owner of a ship incurs a liability under section 3 by reason of a discharge or an escape or by reason of any relevant threat of contamination, then, subject to subsection (4), the owner may limit that liability in accordance with and in the manner provided in section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, and if the owner does so the owner’s liability (being the aggregate of his liabilities under section 3 resulting from the occurrence) shall not exceed the relevant amount. (2) In subsection (1), “the relevant amount” means the limit of liability calculated in accordance with section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. (3) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by order in the Gazette , make such amendments to subsection (2) as may be appropriate for the purpose of giving effect to the entry into force of any amendment of the limits of liability laid down in Article 6 of the Bunker Convention. (4) Subsection (1) does not apply in a case where it is proved that the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by the owner either with intent to cause any such damage or cost as is mentioned in section 3 or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result. (5) For the purposes of section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, any liability incurred under section 3 is deemed to be a liability to damages in respect of such damage to property mentioned in paragraph 1( a ) of Article 2 of the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 7
title: Limitation actions
content:
7. —(1) Where the owner of a ship has or is alleged to have incurred a liability under section 3, the owner may apply to the Court for the limitation of that liability to an amount determined in accordance with section 6. (2) If on such an application the Court finds that the applicant has incurred such a liability and is entitled to limit it, the Court, after determining the limit of liability and directing payment into Court or to the Authority of the amount of that limit, is to — ( a ) determine the amounts that would, apart from the limit, be due in respect of the liability to the several persons making claims in the proceedings; and ( b ) direct the distribution of the amount paid into Court or to the Authority (or, as the case may be, so much of it as does not exceed the liability) among those persons in proportion to their claims, subject to the provisions of this section. (3) A payment into Court or to the Authority of the amount of a limit determined under this section must be made in Singapore dollars, and — ( a ) for the purpose of converting such an amount from special drawing rights into Singapore dollars, one special drawing right is treated as equal to such a sum in Singapore dollars as the International Monetary Fund has fixed as being the equivalent of one special drawing right for — (i) the day on which the determination is made; or (ii) if no sum has been so fixed for that day, the last day before that day for which a sum has been so fixed; ( b ) a certificate given by or on behalf of the Minister for Finance stating — (i) that a particular sum in Singapore dollars had been so fixed for the day on which the determination was made; or (ii) that no sum had been so fixed for that day and that a particular sum in Singapore dollars had been so fixed for a day which was the last day for which a sum had been so fixed before the day on which the determination was made, is conclusive evidence of those matters for the purposes of this Part; and ( c ) a document purporting to be such a certificate shall, in any proceedings, be received in evidence and, unless the contrary is proved, is deemed to be such a certificate. (4) No claim may be admitted in proceedings under this section unless it is made within such time as the Court may direct or such further time as the Court may allow. (5) Where any sum has been paid in or towards satisfaction of any claim in respect of the damage or cost to which the liability extends — ( a ) by the owner or the person referred to in section 14 as “the insurer”; or ( b ) by a person who has or is alleged to have incurred a liability, otherwise than under section 3, for the damage or cost and who is entitled to limit the person’s liability in connection with the ship by virtue of section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, the person who paid the sum shall, to the extent of that sum, be in the same position with respect to any distribution made in proceedings under this section as the person to whom it was paid would have been. (6) Where the person who incurred the liability has voluntarily made any reasonable sacrifice or taken any other reasonable measures to prevent or reduce damage to which the liability extends or might have extended, the person shall be in the same position with respect to any distribution made in proceedings under this section as if the person had a claim in respect of the liability equal to the cost of the sacrifice or other measures. (7) The Court may, if it thinks fit, postpone the distribution of such part of the amount to be distributed as it considers appropriate having regard to any claims that may later be established before a court of any country outside Singapore. (8) The proportions in which any amount is distributed in accordance with subsection (2)( b ) are not affected by any lien or other right in respect of any ship or other property.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 8
title: Restriction on enforcement of claims after establishment of limitation fund
content:
8. Where the Court has found that a person who has incurred a liability under section 3 is entitled to limit that liability to any amount and the person has paid into Court or to the Authority a sum not less than that amount — ( a ) the Court shall order the release of any ship or other property arrested in connection with a claim in respect of that liability or any security given to prevent or obtain release from such an arrest; and ( b ) no judgment or decree for any such claim shall be enforced, except so far as it is for costs, if the sum paid into Court or to the Authority, or such part thereof as corresponds to the claim, will be actually available to the claimant or would have been available to the claimant if the proper steps in the proceedings under section 7 had been taken.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 9
title: Concurrent liabilities of owners and others
content:
9. Where, as a result of any discharge or escape of bunker oil from a ship or as a result of any relevant threat of contamination, the owner of the ship incurs a liability under section 3 and any other person incurs a liability, otherwise than under that section, for any such damage or cost mentioned in subsection (1) or (2) of that section, then, if — ( a ) the owner has been found, in proceedings under section 7, to be entitled to limit the owner’s liability to any amount and has paid into Court or to the Authority a sum not less than that amount; and ( b ) the other person is entitled to limit the person’s liability in connection with the ship by virtue of section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, no proceedings shall be taken against the other person in respect of the person’s liability, and if any such proceedings were commenced before the owner paid the sum into Court or to the Authority, no further steps shall be taken in the proceedings except in relation to costs.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 10
title: Establishment of limitation fund outside Singapore
content:
10. Where the events resulting in the liability of any person under section 3 also resulted in a corresponding liability under the law of another Bunker Convention country, sections 8 and 9 apply as if — ( a ) the references to sections 3 and 7 included references to the corresponding provisions of that law; and ( b ) the references to sums paid into Court included references to any sums secured under these provisions in respect of the liability.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s11
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 11
title: Extinguishment of claims
content:
11. No action to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred under section 3 may be entertained by any court in Singapore unless the action is commenced — ( a ) not later than 3 years after the claim arose; and ( b ) not later than 6 years after the occurrence, or first of the occurrences, resulting in the discharge or escape or in the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) by reason of which the liability was incurred. Division 2 &#x2014; Compulsory Insurance


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 12
title: Compulsory insurance against liability for bunker oil pollution
content:
12. —(1) Subsection (2) applies to any ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1,000. (2) The ship must not enter or leave any port in Singapore or enter or leave any offshore facility in the territorial sea of Singapore and must not, if it is a Singapore ship, enter or leave any port in any other country or any offshore facility in the territorial sea of any other country, unless there is in force — ( a ) a contract of insurance or other security in respect of the ship satisfying the requirements of Article 7 of the Bunker Convention; and ( b ) a certificate complying with subsection (3) and showing that there is in force in respect of the ship a contract of insurance or other security satisfying those requirements. (3) The certificate shall be — ( a ) if the ship is a Singapore ship — a certificate issued by the Director; ( b ) if the ship is registered in a Bunker Convention country other than Singapore — a certificate issued by or under the authority of the government of that other Bunker Convention country; and ( c ) if the ship is registered in a country which is not a Bunker Convention country — a certificate issued by the Director or by or under the authority of the government of any Bunker Convention country other than Singapore. (4) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by regulations provide that certificates in respect of ships registered in any country or any specified country which is not a Bunker Convention country are, in such circumstances as may be specified in the regulations, recognised for the purposes of subsection (3)( c ) if the certificates are issued by or under the authority of the government of the country designated in the regulations in that behalf; and the country that may be so designated may be either or both of the following: ( a ) the country in which the ship is registered; ( b ) any country specified in the regulations for the purposes of this subsection. (5) Any certificate required by this section to be in force in respect of a ship must be carried in the ship and must, on demand, be produced by the master to any officer of the Authority and, if the ship is a Singapore ship, to any consular officer within the meaning of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. (6) If a ship enters or leaves, or attempts to enter or leave a port or the territorial sea in contravention of subsection (2), the master or the registered owner of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1 million. (7) If a ship fails to carry, or the master of a ship fails to produce, a certificate as required under subsection (5), the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (8) If a ship attempts to leave a port in, or the territorial sea of, Singapore in contravention of this section, the ship may be detained by the Director or the officers of the Authority or any police officer or any commissioned officer on full pay in the Singapore Armed Forces. (9) Section 209 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 applies, with the necessary modifications, to the detention of a ship under this Act.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 13
title: Issue of certificates
content:
13. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), if the Director is satisfied, on an application for a certificate mentioned in section 12 in respect of a Singapore ship or a ship registered in any country which is not a Bunker Convention country, that there will be in force in respect of the ship, throughout the period for which the certificate is to be issued, a contract of insurance or other security satisfying the requirements of Article 7 of the Bunker Convention, the Director may issue such a certificate to the owner. (2) If the Director is of the opinion that there is any doubt whether the person providing the insurance or other security will be able to meet the person’s obligations thereunder, or whether the insurance or other security will cover the owner’s liability under section 3 in all circumstances, the Director may refuse to issue the certificate. (3) The Director must maintain a record of any certificate issued under this section in respect of a Singapore ship which must be available for public inspection.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 14
title: Rights of third parties against insurers
content:
14. —(1) Where it is alleged that the owner of a ship has incurred a liability under section 3 as a result of any discharge or escape of bunker oil occurring, or as a result of any relevant threat of contamination arising, while there was in force a contract of insurance or other security to which a certificate mentioned in section 12 is related, proceedings to enforce a claim in respect of the liability may be brought against the person who provided the insurance or other security (called in this Act the insurer). (2) In any proceedings brought against the insurer by virtue of this section, it is a defence (in addition to any defence affecting the owner’s liability) to prove that the discharge or escape or the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) was due to the wilful misconduct of the owner. (3) The insurer may limit the insurer’s liability in respect of claims made against the insurer by virtue of this section in like manner and to the same extent as the owner may limit the owner’s liability but the insurer may do so whether or not the discharge or escape or the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by the owner as mentioned in section 6(4). (4) Where the owner and the insurer each apply to the Court for the limitation of the liability of the owner or the insurer (as the case may be), any sum paid into Court in pursuance of either application is treated as paid also in pursuance of the other. Division 3 &#x2014; Supplementary


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 15
title: Jurisdiction of Singapore courts and registration of foreign judgments
content:
15. —(1) Section 3(1)( d ) of the High Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) Act 1961 is to be construed as extending to any claim in respect of a liability incurred by the owner of a ship under this Part. (2) Where — ( a ) any bunker oil is discharged or escapes from a ship but does not result in any damage caused by contamination in the territory of Singapore and no measures are reasonably taken to prevent or minimise such damage in that territory; or ( b ) any relevant threat of contamination arises but no measures are reasonably taken to prevent or minimise such damage in the territory of Singapore, no court in Singapore shall entertain any action (whether in rem or in personam) to enforce a claim arising from any relevant damage or cost — ( c ) against the owner of the ship; ( d ) against any person to whom section 5(1)( d ) applies, unless any such damage or cost resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by such person either with intent to cause any such damage or cost or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result; or ( e ) against any person taking any of the measures mentioned in subsection (3)( a ) or ( b ), unless any such damage or cost resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by such person either with intent to cause any such damage or cost or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result. (3) In subsection (2), “relevant damage or cost” means — ( a ) in relation to any discharge or escape mentioned in subsection (2)( a ), any damage caused in the territory of another Bunker Convention country by contamination resulting from the discharge or escape, or any cost incurred in taking measures to prevent or minimise such damage in the territory of another Bunker Convention country; ( b ) in relation to any relevant threat of contamination mentioned in subsection (2)( b ), any cost incurred in taking measures to prevent or minimise such damage in the territory of another Bunker Convention country; or ( c ) any damage caused by any measures mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ). (4) Part 1 of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 applies (whether or not it would so apply apart from this section) to any judgment given by a court in a Bunker Convention country to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred under any provision corresponding to section 3, and in its application to such a judgment that Part has effect with the omission of section 5(3) and (4) of that Act.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 16
title: Restriction on enforcement of judgments given by court in country not party to Bunker Convention
content:
16. Despite Part 1 of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 and any rule of law relating to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, any judgment given by a court in a country which is not a Bunker Convention country in respect of any liability for bunker oil pollution incurred by the owner of a ship in that country may be recognised and enforced by the Court only up to the limit of liability prescribed by section 6.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 17
title: Government ship
content:
17. —(1) Despite the other provisions of this Part, this Part does not apply in relation to any warship or any ship for the time being used by the government of any State otherwise than for commercial purposes. (2) In relation to a ship owned by a State and for the time being used for commercial purposes, it is a sufficient compliance with section 12(2) if there is in force a certificate issued by the government of that State and showing that the ship is owned by that State and that any liability for pollution damage as defined in Article 1 of the Bunker Convention will be met up to the limit prescribed by Article 7 of the Bunker Convention. (3) Every Bunker Convention State is, for the purposes of any proceedings brought in a court in Singapore to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred under section 3, deemed to have submitted to the jurisdiction of that court, and accordingly Rules of Court may provide for the manner in which those proceedings are to be commenced and carried on. (4) Nothing in subsection (3) authorises the issue of an enforcement order against the property of any State. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 18
title: Saving for recourse actions
content:
18. Nothing in this Part prejudices any claim, or the enforcement of any claim, a person incurring any liability under this Part may have against another person in respect of that liability.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 19
title: Power to detain ship
content:
19. —(1) Where the Authority has reasonable cause to believe that any bunker oil has been discharged or has escaped from any ship or that a relevant threat of contamination has arisen, and the owner of the ship has incurred a liability under section 3 and the damage only affects, or is likely only to affect, the territory of Singapore, the Authority may detain the ship and the ship may be so detained until the owner of the ship deposits with the Authority an amount which meets the owner’s liability or provides such security which will, in the opinion of the Authority, be adequate to meet the owner’s liability. (2) If any ship is detained under this Act and the ship proceeds to sea before it is released by the Authority, the master of the ship, and also the owner of the ship and any person who sends the ship to sea, if that owner or person is party or privy to the act of sending the ship to sea, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 20
title: Power of arrest
content:
20. Any officer of the Authority or any police officer may arrest without warrant any person who has committed or whom he or she reasonably believes to have committed an offence under this Part and bring the person before a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court (as the case may be) to be dealt with according to law.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUTION
section: 21
title: Sale of ship
content:
21. Where the owner or the master of a ship has been convicted of an offence under the provisions of this Part and any fine imposed under this Part is not paid at the time ordered by the Court, the Court may, in addition to any powers for enforcing payment, direct the amount remaining unpaid to be levied by distress and sale of the ship, her tackle, furniture and apparel.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 22
title: Director may authorise person to exercise powers and duties
content:
22. The powers conferred and the duties imposed on the Director under this Act may, subject to his or her directions, be exercised and carried out by any officer of the Authority generally or specially authorised by name or office by the Director.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 23
title: Power to board and search ship
content:
23. —(1) The Director may, where he or she has reason to believe that an offence has been committed under this Act — ( a ) board and search any ship; ( b ) enter and search any premises; or ( c ) summon any person before the Director and require the person to answer questions, and the Director may carry out such inspection and examination as he or she may consider necessary and may seize any book, paper, document, record, electronic material or other thing found in those places which may provide evidence of the commission of an offence under this Act and may make copies of, or take extracts from or samples of, such book, paper, document, record, electronic material or other thing. (2) Any person who assaults, hinders, impedes or obstructs the Director in the performance of his or her duties under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. (3) In this section, “Director” includes an officer of the Authority authorised by the Director to exercise any of the powers mentioned in subsection (1).


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 24
title: Offences by bodies corporate, etc.
content:
24. —(1) Where an offence under this Act committed by a body corporate is proved — ( a ) to have been committed with the consent or connivance of an officer; or ( b ) to be attributable to any neglect on the officer’s part, the officer as well as the body corporate shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. (2) Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsection (1) applies in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with the member’s functions of management as if the member were a director of the body corporate. (3) Where an offence under this Act committed by a partnership is proved — ( a ) to have been committed with the consent or connivance of a partner; or ( b ) to be attributable to any neglect on the part of a partner, the partner as well as the partnership shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. (4) Where an offence under this Act committed by an unincorporated association (other than a partnership) is proved — ( a ) to have been committed with the consent or connivance of an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body; or ( b ) to be attributable to any neglect on the part of such officer or member, the officer or member as well as the unincorporated association shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. (5) In this section — “body corporate” includes a limited liability partnership which has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2005; “officer” — ( a ) in relation to a body corporate, means any director, partner, member of the committee of management, chief executive, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate and includes any person purporting to act in any such capacity; or ( b ) in relation to an unincorporated association (other than a partnership), means the president, the secretary, or any member of the committee of the unincorporated association, or any person holding a position analogous to that of president, secretary or member of a committee and includes any person purporting to act in any such capacity; “partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner. (6) The Minister may, by regulations, provide for the application of any provision of this section, with such modifications as the Minister considers appropriate, to any body corporate or unincorporated association formed or recognised under the law of a territory outside Singapore.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 25
title: Protection from personal liability
content:
25. No action, suit or other legal proceeding shall lie personally against the Director, any officer of the Authority or any other person acting under the direction of the Director or the Authority for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in the execution or purported execution of this Act.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 26
title: Jurisdiction of court
content:
26. Despite any provision to the contrary in the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, a District Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this Act and has power to impose the full penalty or punishment in respect of the offence.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 27
title: Composition of offences
content:
27. —(1) The Director may compound any offence under this Act which is prescribed as a compoundable offence by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding $2,000. (2) On payment of the sum of money, no further proceedings may be taken against that person in respect of the offence. (3) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations to prescribe the offences which may be compounded.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 28
title: All moneys recovered to be paid to Authority
content:
28. All moneys recovered or charges or composition sums collected under this Act must be paid into and form part of the moneys of the Authority.


document_id: msclcbopa-2008
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 3 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 29
title: Regulations
content:
29. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations for or with respect to all or any of the following matters: ( a ) prescribing the amount of fees to be paid on an application for the issue of a certificate under section 13(1); ( b ) providing for the cancellation and delivery up to the Director of a certificate issued under section 13(1); ( c ) providing for matters relating to the conversion of amounts mentioned in section 7(3) from special drawing rights to such sums in Singapore dollars; ( d ) providing for any other matter which is required or authorised by any provision of this Act to be provided for by regulations; ( e ) prescribing offences in respect of the contravention of any regulations made under this section, and prescribe fines not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment which may not exceed 12 months or both, that may, on conviction, be imposed in respect of any such offence.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “Authority” means the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore established under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “Court” means the General Division of the High Court; “damage” includes loss; “Director” means the Director of Marine appointed under section 4 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and includes the Deputy Director of Marine appointed under that section; “Liability Convention” means the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992; “Liability Convention country” means a country in respect of which the Liability Convention is in force; “Liability Convention State” means a State which is a party to the Liability Convention; “master” includes every person, except a pilot, having command or charge of a ship; “oil” means any persistent hydrocarbon mineral oil such as crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil and lubricating oil, whether carried on board a ship as cargo or in the bunkers of such a ship; “owner”, in relation to a ship, means the person registered as the owner of the ship, or, in the absence of registration, the person owning the ship, except that, in relation to a ship owned by a State which is operated by a person registered in that State as the ship’s operator, it means the person registered as its operator; “port” has the meaning given by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “ship” means any sea-going vessel and seaborne craft of any type; “Singapore ship” has the meaning given by the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. [40/2019] (2) If the Minister, by order in the Gazette , declares that any State specified in the order is a party to the Liability Convention in respect of any country so specified, the order is, while in force, conclusive evidence that that State is a party to the Liability Convention in respect of that country. (3) For the purposes of this Act — ( a ) references to the territory of Singapore include the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of Singapore and references to the territory of any other country include the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of that country; ( b ) references to the exclusive economic zone of a country are references to the exclusive economic zone of that country established in accordance with international law or, if such a zone has not been established, such area adjacent to the territorial sea of that country and extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of that sea is measured; ( c ) references to a discharge or escape of oil from a ship are references to such a discharge or escape wherever it may occur and whether it is of oil carried in a cargo tank or of oil carried in a bunker fuel tank; ( d ) where more than one discharge or escape results from the same occurrence or from a series of occurrences having the same origin, they are treated as one; but any measures taken after the first of them are deemed to have been taken after the discharge or escape; and ( e ) where a relevant threat of contamination mentioned in section 3(2) results from a series of occurrences having the same origin, they are treated as a single occurrence.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 3
title: Liability for oil pollution
content:
3. —(1) Where, as a result of any occurrence, any oil is discharged or escapes from a ship to which this section applies, the owner of the ship shall, except as otherwise provided by this Part, be liable — ( a ) for any damage caused outside the ship in the territory of Singapore by contamination resulting from the discharge or escape; ( b ) for the cost of any measures reasonably taken after the discharge or escape for the purpose of preventing or reducing any damage so caused in the territory of Singapore by contamination resulting from the discharge or escape; and ( c ) for any damage caused in the territory of Singapore by any measures so taken. (2) Where, as a result of any occurrence, there arises a grave and imminent threat of damage being caused outside a ship to which this section applies by the contamination that might result if there were a discharge or escape of oil from the ship, the owner of the ship shall be liable — ( a ) for the cost of any measures reasonably taken for the purpose of preventing or reducing any such damage in the territory of Singapore; and ( b ) for any damage caused outside the ship in the territory of Singapore by any measures so taken, and in this Act, any such threat is called a relevant threat of contamination. (3) Subject to subsection (4), this section applies to any ship constructed or adapted for carrying oil in bulk as cargo. (4) Where any ship so constructed or adapted is capable of carrying any other cargoes besides oil, this section applies only to any such ship — ( a ) while it is carrying oil in bulk as cargo; and ( b ) while it is on any voyage following the carriage of any such oil, unless it is proved that no residues from the carriage of any such oil remain in the ship. (5) Where a person incurs a liability under subsection (1) or (2), the person shall also be liable for any damage or cost for which the person would be liable under subsection (1) or (2) if the references in that subsection to the territory of Singapore included the territory of any other Liability Convention country. (6) Where — ( a ) as a result of any occurrence, a liability is incurred under this section by the owner of each of 2 or more ships; but ( b ) the damage or cost of which each of the owners would be liable cannot reasonably be separated from that for which the other or others would be liable, each of the owners shall be liable, jointly with the other or others, for the whole of the damage or cost for which the owners together would be liable under this section. (7) For the purposes of this section, references to the owner of a ship are references to the owner at the time of the occurrence or first of the occurrences, resulting in the discharge or escape of oil from the ship or giving rise to the relevant threat of contamination, as the case may be. (8) The Contributory Negligence and Personal Injuries Act 1953 applies in relation to any damage or cost for which a person is liable under this section, but which is not due to the person’s fault, as if it were due to the person’s fault.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 4
title: Exceptions from liability under section 3
content:
4. No liability shall be incurred by the owner of a ship under section 3 by reason of any discharge or escape of oil from the ship, or by reason of any relevant threat of contamination, if the owner proves that the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination, as the case may be — ( a ) resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible natural phenomenon; ( b ) was due wholly to anything done or left undone by another person, not being an employee or agent of the owner, with intent to do damage; or ( c ) was due wholly to the negligence or wrongful act of a government or other authority in exercising its functions of maintaining lights or other navigational aids for the maintenance of which it was responsible.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 5
title: Restriction of liability for oil pollution
content:
5. —(1) Where, as a result of any occurrence — ( a ) any oil is discharged or escapes from a ship; or ( b ) there arises a relevant threat of contamination, then, whether or not the owner of the ship in question incurs a liability under section 3 — ( c ) the owner shall not be liable otherwise than under that section for any damage or cost mentioned in that section; and ( d ) no person to whom this paragraph applies shall be liable for any such damage or cost unless it resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by the person either with intent to cause any such damage or cost or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result. (2) Subsection (1)( d ) applies to — ( a ) any servant or agent of the owner of the ship; ( b ) any person not falling within paragraph ( a ) but employed or engaged in any capacity on board the ship or to perform any service for the ship; ( c ) any charterer of the ship (however described and including a bareboat charterer), and any manager or operator of the ship; ( d ) any person performing salvage operations with the consent of the owner of the ship or on the instructions of a competent public authority; ( e ) any person taking any of the measures mentioned in section 3(1)( b ) or (2)( a ); and ( f ) any servant or agent of a person falling within paragraph ( c ), ( d ) or ( e ). (3) The liability of the owner of a ship under section 3 for any impairment of the environment is taken to be a liability only in respect of — ( a ) any resulting loss of profits; and ( b ) the cost of any reasonable measures of reinstatement actually taken or to be taken.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 6
title: Limitation of liability under section 3
content:
6. —(1) Where, as a result of any occurrence, the owner of a ship incurs a liability under section 3 by reason of a discharge or escape or by reason of any relevant threat of contamination, then, subject to subsection (4) — ( a ) section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 does not apply in relation to that liability; but ( b ) the owner may limit that liability in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and if the owner does so the owner’s liability (being the aggregate of the owner’s liabilities under section 3 resulting from the occurrence) shall not exceed the relevant amount. (2) In subsection (1)( b ), “the relevant amount” means — ( a ) in relation to a ship not exceeding 5,000 tons — 4.51 million special drawing rights; and ( b ) in relation to a ship exceeding 5,000 tons — 4.51 million special drawing rights together with an additional 631 special drawing rights for each ton of its tonnage in excess of 5,000 tons up to a maximum amount of 89.77 million special drawing rights. [S 486/2003] (3) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by order in the Gazette make such amendments to subsection (2)( a ) and ( b ) as may be appropriate to give effect to the entry into force of any amendment of the limits of liability laid down in paragraph 1 of Article V of the Liability Convention. (4) Subsection (1) does not apply in a case where it is proved that the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by the owner either with intent to cause any such damage or cost as is mentioned in section 3 or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result. (5) For the purposes of this section, the tonnage of a ship is its gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the regulations in Annex 1 of the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 7
title: Limitation actions
content:
7. —(1) Where the owner of a ship has or is alleged to have incurred a liability under section 3, the owner may apply to the Court for the limitation of that liability to an amount determined in accordance with section 6. (2) If on such an application the Court finds that the applicant has incurred such a liability and is entitled to limit it, the Court, after determining the limit of liability and directing payment into Court or to the Authority of the amount of that limit, is to — ( a ) determine the amounts that would, apart from the limit, be due in respect of the liability to the several persons making claims in the proceedings; and ( b ) direct the distribution of the amount paid into Court or to the Authority (or, as the case may be, so much of it as does not exceed the liability) among those persons in proportion to their claims, subject to the provisions of this section. (3) A payment into Court or to the Authority of the amount of a limit determined under this section must be made in Singapore dollars, and — ( a ) for the purpose of converting such an amount from special drawing rights into Singapore dollars, one special drawing right is treated as equal to such a sum in Singapore dollars as the International Monetary Fund has fixed as being the equivalent of one special drawing right for — (i) the day on which the determination is made; or (ii) if no sum has been so fixed for that day, the last day before that day for which a sum has been so fixed; ( b ) a certificate given by or on behalf of the Minister for Finance stating — (i) that a particular sum in Singapore dollars had been so fixed for the day on which the determination was made; or (ii) that no sum had been so fixed for that day and that a particular sum in Singapore dollars had been so fixed for a day which was the last day for which a sum had been so fixed before the day on which the determination was made, is conclusive evidence of those matters for the purposes of this Part; and ( c ) a document purporting to be such a certificate shall, in any proceedings, be received in evidence and, unless the contrary is proved, is deemed to be such a certificate. (4) No claim may be admitted in proceedings under this section unless it is made within such time as the Court may direct or such further time as the Court may allow. (5) Where any sum has been paid in or towards satisfaction of any claim in respect of the damage or cost to which the liability extends — ( a ) by the owner or the persons referred to in section 15 as “the insurer”; or ( b ) by a person who has or is alleged to have incurred a liability, otherwise than under section 3, for the damage or cost and who is entitled to limit the person’s liability in connection with the ship by virtue of section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, the person who paid the sum shall, to the extent of that sum, be in the same position with respect to any distribution made in proceedings under this section as the person to whom it was paid would have been. (6) Where the person who incurred the liability has voluntarily made any reasonable sacrifice or taken any other reasonable measures to prevent or reduce damage to which the liability extends or might have extended, the person shall be in the same position with respect to any distribution made in proceedings under this section as if the person had a claim in respect of the liability equal to the cost of the sacrifice or other measures. (7) The Court may, if it thinks fit, postpone the distribution of such part of the amount to be distributed as it considers appropriate having regard to any claims that may later be established before a court of any country outside Singapore. (8) The proportions in which any amount is distributed in accordance with subsection (2)( b ) are not affected by any lien or other right in respect of any ship or other property.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s9
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 9
title: Concurrent liabilities of owners and others
content:
9. Where, as a result of any discharge or escape of oil from a ship or as a result of any relevant threat of contamination, the owner of the ship incurs a liability under section 3 and any other person incurs a liability, otherwise than under that section, for any such damage or cost mentioned in subsection (1) or (2) of that section, then, if — ( a ) the owner has been found, in proceedings under section 7, to be entitled to limit the owner’s liability to any amount and has paid into Court or to the Authority a sum not less than that amount; and ( b ) the other person is entitled to limit the person’s liability in connection with the ship by virtue of section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, no proceedings shall be taken against the other person in respect of the person’s liability, and if any such proceedings were commenced before the owner paid the sum into Court or to the Authority, no further steps shall be taken in the proceedings except in relation to costs.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s10
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 10
title: Establishment of limitation fund outside Singapore
content:
10. Where the events resulting in the liability of any person under section 3 also resulted in a corresponding liability under the law of another Liability Convention country, sections 8 and 9 apply as if — ( a ) the references to sections 3 and 7 included references to the corresponding provisions of that law; and ( b ) the references to sums paid into Court included references to any sums secured under these provisions in respect of the liability. 11. [ Repealed by Act 56 of 2004 ]


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s12
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 12
title: Extinguishment of claims
content:
12. No action to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred under section 3 shall be entertained by any court in Singapore unless the action is commenced — ( a ) not later than 3 years after the claim arose; and ( b ) not later than 6 years after the occurrence, or first of the occurrences, resulting in the discharge or escape or in the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) by reason of which the liability was incurred. Division 2 &#x2014; Compulsory Insurance


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s13
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 13
title: Compulsory insurance against liability for oil pollution
content:
13. —(1) Subsection (2) applies to any ship carrying in bulk as cargo more than 2,000 tons of oil. (2) The ship must not enter or leave any port in Singapore or enter or leave any offshore terminal in the territorial sea of Singapore and must not, if it is a Singapore ship, enter or leave any port in any other country or any offshore terminal in the territorial sea of any other country, unless there is in force a certificate complying with subsection (3) and showing that there is in force in respect of the ship a contract of insurance or other security satisfying the requirements of Article VII of the Liability Convention. [24/2008] (3) The certificate must be — ( a ) if the ship is a Singapore ship — a certificate issued by the Director; ( b ) if the ship is registered in a Liability Convention country other than Singapore — a certificate issued by or under the authority of the government of that other Liability Convention country; and ( c ) if the ship is registered in a country which is not a Liability Convention country — a certificate issued by the Director or by or under the authority of the government of any Liability Convention country other than Singapore. (4) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by regulations provide that certificates in respect of ships registered in any country or any specified country which is not a Liability Convention country are, in such circumstances as may be specified in the regulations, recognised for the purposes of subsection (3)( c ) if the certificates are issued by or under the authority of the government of the country designated in the regulations in that behalf; and the country that may be so designated may be either or both of the following: ( a ) the country in which the ship is registered; ( b ) any country specified in the regulations for the purposes of this subsection. (5) Any certificate required by this section to be in force in respect of a ship must be carried in the ship and must, on demand, be produced by the master to any officer of the Authority and, if the ship is a Singapore ship, to any consular officer within the meaning of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. (6) If a ship enters or leaves, or attempts to enter or leave a port or the territorial sea in contravention of subsection (2), the master or the owner of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1 million. (7) If a ship fails to carry, or the master of a ship fails to produce, a certificate as required under subsection (5), the master of the ship shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (8) If a ship attempts to leave a port in, or the territorial sea of, Singapore in contravention of this section, the ship may be detained by the Director or the officers of the Authority or any police officer or any commissioned officer on full pay in the Singapore Armed Forces. (9) Section 209 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 applies, with the necessary modifications, to the detention of a ship under this Act. (10) In subsection (2), “offshore terminal” has the meaning given by the Liability Convention. [24/2008]


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s14
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 14
title: Issue of certificates
content:
14. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), if the Director is satisfied, on an application for a certificate mentioned in section 13 in respect of a Singapore ship or a ship registered in any country which is not a Liability Convention country, that there will be in force in respect of the ship, throughout the period for which the certificate is to be issued, a contract of insurance or other security satisfying the requirements of Article VII of the Liability Convention, the Director may issue such a certificate to the owner. (2) If the Director is of the opinion that there is a doubt whether the person providing the insurance or other security will be able to meet the person’s obligations thereunder, or whether the insurance or other security will cover the owner’s liability under section 3 in all circumstances, the Director may refuse to issue the certificate. (3) The Director must maintain a record of any certificate issued under this section in respect of a Singapore ship which must be available for public inspection.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s15
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 15
title: Rights of third parties against insurers
content:
15. —(1) Where it is alleged that the owner of a ship has incurred a liability under section 3 as a result of any discharge or escape of oil occurring, or as a result of any relevant threat of contamination arising, while there was in force a contract of insurance or other security to which a certificate mentioned in section 13 is related, proceedings to enforce a claim in respect of the liability may be brought against the person who provided the insurance or other security (called in this Act the insurer). (2) In any proceedings brought against the insurer by virtue of this section, it is a defence (in addition to any defence affecting the owner’s liability) to prove that the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) was due to the wilful misconduct of the owner. (3) The insurer may limit the insurer’s liability in respect of claims made against the insurer by virtue of this section in like manner and to the same extent as the owner may limit the owner’s liability but the insurer may do so whether or not the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by the owner as mentioned in section 6(4). (4) Where the owner and the insurer each apply to the Court for the limitation of the liability of the owner or insurer (as the case may be), any sum paid into Court pursuant to either application is treated as paid also in pursuance of the other. Division 3 &#x2014; Supplementary


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s16
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 16
title: Jurisdiction of Singapore courts and registration of foreign judgments
content:
16. —(1) Section 3(1)( d ) of the High Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) Act 1961 is to be construed as extending to any claim in respect of a liability incurred by the owner of a ship under this Part. (2) Where — ( a ) any oil is discharged or escapes from a ship but does not result in any damage caused by contamination in the territory of Singapore and no measures are reasonably taken to prevent or minimise such damage in that territory; or ( b ) any relevant threat of contamination arises but no measures are reasonably taken to prevent or minimise such damage in the territory of Singapore, no court in Singapore shall entertain any action (whether in rem or in personam) to enforce a claim arising from any relevant damage or cost — ( c ) against the owner of the ship; ( d ) against any person to whom paragraph ( d ) of section 5(1) applies, unless any such damage or cost resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by such person either with intent to cause any such damage or cost or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result; or ( e ) against any person taking any of the measures mentioned in subsection (3)( a ) or ( b ), unless any such damage or cost resulted from anything done or omitted to be done by such person either with intent to cause any such damage or cost or recklessly and in the knowledge that any such damage or cost would probably result. (3) In subsection (2), “relevant damage or cost” means — ( a ) in relation to any discharge or escape mentioned in subsection (2)( a ), any damage caused in the territory of another Liability Convention country by contamination resulting from the discharge or escape, or any cost incurred in taking measures to prevent or minimise such damage in the territory of another Liability Convention country; ( b ) in relation to any relevant threat of contamination mentioned in subsection (2)( b ), any cost incurred in taking measures to prevent or minimise such damage in the territory of another Liability Convention country; or ( c ) any damage caused by any measures mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ). (4) Part 1 of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 applies (whether or not it would so apply apart from this section) to any judgment given by a court in a Liability Convention country to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred under any provision corresponding to section 3, and in its application to such a judgment that Part has effect with the omission of section 5(3) and (4) of that Act.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s17
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 17
title: Restriction on enforcement of judgments given by court in country not party to Liability Convention
content:
17. Despite Part 1 of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 and any rule of law relating to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, any judgment given by a court in a country which is not a Liability Convention country in respect of any liability for oil pollution incurred by the owner of a ship in that country may be recognised and enforced by the Court only up to the limit of liability prescribed by section 6.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s18
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 18
title: Government ship
content:
18. —(1) Despite the other provisions of this Part, this Part does not apply in relation to any warship or any ship for the time being used by the government of any State otherwise than for commercial purposes. (2) In relation to a ship owned by a State and for the time being used for commercial purposes, it is a sufficient compliance with section 13(2) if there is in force a certificate — ( a ) issued by the government of that State; and ( b ) showing that the ship is owned by that State and that any liability for pollution damage as defined in Article I of the Liability Convention will be met up to the limit prescribed by Article V of the Liability Convention. (3) Every Liability Convention State is, for the purposes of any proceedings brought in a court in Singapore to enforce a claim in respect of a liability incurred under section 3, deemed to have submitted to the jurisdiction of that court, and accordingly Rules of Court may provide for the manner in which those proceedings are to be commenced and carried on. (4) Nothing in subsection (3) authorises the issue of an enforcement order against the property of any State. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s19
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 19
title: Saving for recourse actions
content:
19. Nothing in this Part prejudices any claim, or the enforcement of any claim, a person incurring any liability under this Part may have against another person in respect of that liability.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s20
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 20
title: Power to detain ship
content:
20. —(1) Where the Authority has reasonable cause to believe that any oil has been discharged or has escaped from any ship or that a relevant threat of contamination has arisen, and the owner of the ship has incurred a liability under section 3 and the damage only affects, or is likely only to affect, the territory of Singapore, the Authority may detain the ship and the ship may be so detained until the owner of the ship deposits with the Authority an amount which meets the owner’s liability or provides such security which will, in the opinion of the Authority, be adequate to meet the owner’s liability. (2) If any ship is detained under this Act and the ship proceeds to sea before it is released by the Authority, the master of the ship, and also the owner of the ship and any person who sends the ship to sea, if that owner or person is party or privy to the act of sending the ship to sea, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s21
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 21
title: Power of arrest
content:
21. Any officer of the Authority or any police officer may arrest without warrant any person who has committed or whom he or she reasonably believes to have committed an offence under this Part and bring the person before a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court (as the case may be) to be dealt with according to law.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s22
chapter: PART 2 - CIVIL LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
section: 22
title: Sale of ship
content:
22. Where the owner or the master of a ship has been convicted of an offence under the provisions of this Part and any fine imposed under this Part is not paid at the time ordered by the Court, the Court may, in addition to any powers for enforcing payment, direct the amount remaining unpaid to be levied by distress and sale of the ship, her tackle, furniture and apparel.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s23
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 23
title: Interpretation of this Part
content:
23. —(1) In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires — “discharge or escape”, in relation to pollution damage, means the discharge or escape of oil from the ship; “Fund Convention country” means a country in respect of which the Fund Convention is in force; “incident” means any occurrence, or series of occurrences having the same origin, resulting in a discharge or escape of oil from a ship or in a relevant threat of contamination; “pollution damage” means — ( a ) damage caused outside a ship by contamination resulting from a discharge or escape of oil from the ship; ( b ) the cost of preventive measures; and ( c ) further damage caused by preventive measures, but does not include any damage attributable to any impairment of the environment except to the extent that any such damage consists of — ( d ) any loss of profits; or ( e ) the cost of any reasonable measures of reinstatement actually taken or to be taken; “preventive measures” means any reasonable measures taken by any person to prevent or minimise pollution damage, being measures taken — ( a ) after an incident has occurred; or ( b ) in the case of an incident consisting of a series of occurrences, after the first of those occurrences; “the Fund Convention” means the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992; “the Fund” means the International Fund established by the Fund Convention. (2) If the Minister, by order in the Gazette , declares that any State specified in the order is a party to the Fund Convention in respect of any country so specified, the order is, while in force, conclusive evidence that that State is a party to that Convention in respect of that country.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s24
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 24
title: Legal capacity of Fund
content:
24. —(1) For the purposes of the rights and obligations of this Part, the Fund has the capacity, rights and obligations of an actual person and, in particular, may sue and be sued. (2) Any proceedings by or against the Fund may either be instituted by or against the Fund in its own name or be instituted by or against the Director of the Fund as the Fund’s representative. (3) Evidence of any instrument issued by any organ of the Fund or of any document in the custody of the Fund, or any entry in or extract from such a document, may be given in any legal proceedings by production of a copy certified as a true copy by an official of the Fund, and any document purporting to be such a copy shall, in any such proceedings, be received in evidence without proof of the official position or handwriting of the person signing the certificate.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s25
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 25
title: Contributions by importers of oil and others
content:
25. —(1) Contributions are payable to the Fund in respect of oil carried by sea to ports or terminal installations in Singapore otherwise than on a voyage only within its territorial sea. (2) Subsection (1) applies whether or not the oil is being imported, and applies even if contributions are payable in respect of carriage of the same oil on a previous voyage. (3) Contributions are also payable to the Fund in respect of oil when first received in any installation in Singapore after having been carried by sea and discharged in a port or terminal installation in a country which is not a Fund Convention country. (4) The person liable to pay contributions is — ( a ) in the case of oil which is being imported into Singapore — the importer; and ( b ) in any other case — the person by whom the oil is received. (5) A person shall not be liable to make contributions in respect of the oil imported or received by the person in any year if the oil so imported or received in the year does not exceed 150,000 tonnes. (6) For the purpose of subsection (5) — ( a ) all the members of a group of companies are treated as a single person; and ( b ) any 2 or more companies which have been amalgamated into a single company are treated as the same person as that single company. (7) The contributions payable by a person for any year — ( a ) must be of such amount as the Director of the Fund may determine under Article 12 of the Fund Convention and notified to the person by the Fund; ( b ) are payable in such instalments, becoming due at such times, as may be so notified to the person, and if any amount due from the person remains unpaid after the date on which it became due, it bears from then on interest, at a rate the Assembly of the Fund determines from time to time, until it is paid. (8) The Authority may, by regulations made with the approval of the Minister, impose on persons who are or may be liable to pay contributions under this section obligations to give security for payment to the Authority or the Fund. (9) Regulations made under subsection (8) may — ( a ) contain such supplemental or incidental provisions that appear expedient to the Authority; and ( b ) provide that any contravention of the regulations shall be punishable with a fine not exceeding $20,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both. (10) In this section and in section 26, unless the context otherwise requires — “company” means a body incorporated under the law of Singapore, or of any other country; “group”, in relation to companies, means a holding company and its subsidiaries as defined in section 5 of the Companies Act 1967 subject, in the case of a company incorporated outside Singapore, to any necessary modifications of those definitions; “importer” means the person by whom or on whose behalf the oil in question is entered for customs or excise purposes on importation, and “import” is to be construed accordingly; “oil” means crude oil and fuel oil, and — ( a ) “crude oil” means any liquid hydrocarbon mixture occurring naturally in the earth whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation, and includes — (i) crude oils from which distillate fractions have been removed; and (ii) crude oils to which distillate fractions have been added; and ( b ) “fuel oil” means heavy distillates or residues from crude oil or blends of such materials intended for use as a fuel for the production of heat or power of a quality equivalent to the “American Society for Testing and Materials’ Specification for Number Four Fuel Oil (Designation D396‑69)”, or heavier; “terminal installation” means any site for the storage of oil in bulk which is capable of receiving oil from waterborne transportation, including any facility situated offshore and linked to any such site. (11) All contributions payable under this section and any interest payable thereon are debts due to the Fund and recoverable as such from the persons liable to pay the contributions in any court of competent jurisdiction.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s26
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 26
title: Power to obtain information
content:
26. —(1) For the purpose of transmitting to the Fund the names and addresses of the persons who under section 25 are liable to make contributions to the Fund for any year, and the quantity of oil in respect of which they are so liable, the Director may by notice require any person engaged in producing, treating, distributing or transporting oil, or any other person who the Director has reason to believe has any information relevant to the purpose, to provide such information as may be specified in the notice. (2) A notice under this section may require a company to give such information as may be required to ascertain whether its liability is affected by section 25(6). (3) A notice under this section may specify the way in which, and the time within which, it is to be complied with. (4) In proceedings by the Fund against any person to recover any amount due under section 25, particulars contained in any list transmitted by the Director to the Fund are, so far as those particulars are based on information obtained under this section, admissible as evidence of the facts stated in the list; and so far as particulars which are so admissible are based on information given by the person against whom the proceedings are brought, those particulars are presumed to be accurate until the contrary is proved. (5) A person who — ( a ) refuses or wilfully neglects to comply with a notice under this section; or ( b ) in providing any information in compliance with a notice under this section, makes any statement which the person knows to be false in a material particular, or recklessly makes any statement which is false in a material particular, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s27
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 27
title: Liability of Fund
content:
27. —(1) The Fund shall be liable for pollution damage in the territory of Singapore if the person suffering the damage has been unable to obtain full compensation under section 3 — ( a ) because the discharge or escape, or the relevant threat of contamination, by reason of which the damage was caused — (i) resulted from an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible natural phenomenon; (ii) was due wholly to anything done or left undone by another person, not being an employee or agent of the owner, with intent to do damage; or (iii) was due wholly to the negligence or wrongful act of a government or other authority in exercising its function of maintaining lights or other navigational aids for the maintenance of which it was responsible, (and because liability is accordingly wholly displaced by section 4); ( b ) because the owner or insurer liable for the damage cannot meet the owner’s or insurer’s obligations in full; or ( c ) because the damage exceeds the liability under section 3 as limited by section 6 or by section 136 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, as the case may be. (2) Subsection (1) applies (but with the substitution of the words “a Fund Convention country” for the word “Singapore”) where the incident has caused pollution damage in the territory of Singapore and of another Fund Convention country, and proceedings under the Liability Convention for compensation for the pollution damage have been brought in a country which is not a Fund Convention country or in Singapore. (3) Where the incident has caused pollution damage in the territory of Singapore and of another country in respect of which the Liability Convention is in force, references in this section to the provisions of Part 2 include references to the corresponding provisions of the law of any country giving effect to the Liability Convention. (4) For the purposes of this section, an owner or insurer is to be treated as incapable of meeting the owner’s or insurer’s obligations if the obligations have not been met after all reasonable steps to pursue the legal remedies available have been taken. (5) Expenses reasonably incurred, and sacrifices reasonably made, by the owner voluntarily to prevent or minimise pollution damage are treated as pollution damage for the purposes of this section, and accordingly the owner shall be in the same position with respect to claims against the Fund under this section as if the owner had a claim in respect of liability under section 3. (6) The Fund incurs no obligation under this section if — ( a ) it proves that the pollution damage — (i) resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war or insurrection; or (ii) was caused by oil which has been discharged or escaped from a warship or other ship owned or operated by a State and used, at the time of the occurrence, only on government non‑commercial service; or ( b ) the claimant cannot prove that the damage resulted from an occurrence involving a ship identified by the claimant, or involving 2 or more ships one of which is identified by the claimant. (7) If the Fund proves that the pollution damage resulted wholly or partly — ( a ) from anything done or omitted to be done with intent to cause damage by the person who suffered the damage; or ( b ) from the negligence of that person, the Fund may, subject to subsection (9), be exonerated wholly or partly from its obligations to pay compensation to that person. (8) Where the liability under section 3 in respect of the pollution damage is limited to any extent by subsection (8) of that section, the Fund shall, subject to subsection (9), be exonerated to the same extent. (9) Subsections (7) and (8) do not apply where the pollution damage consists of the costs of preventive measures or any damage caused by such measures.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s28
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 28
title: Limitation of Fund’s liability under section 27
content:
28. —(1) The Fund’s liability under section 27 is subject to the following: ( a ) subject to paragraphs ( b ) and ( c ), the aggregate amount of compensation payable by the Fund shall, in respect of any one incident, be limited, such that the total sum of that amount and the amount of compensation actually paid under section 3 for pollution damage shall not exceed 203 million special drawing rights; ( b ) subject to paragraph ( c ), the aggregate amount of compensation payable by the Fund for pollution damage resulting from an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible natural phenomenon shall not exceed 135 million special drawing rights; ( c ) the maximum amount of compensation mentioned in paragraphs ( a ) and ( b ) shall be 300.74 million special drawing rights with respect to any incident occurring during any period when there are 3 Fund Convention countries in respect of which the combined quantity of oil imported or received by persons in the territories of such countries, during the preceding calendar year, is at least 600 million tons; ( d ) interest accrued on any payment made to the Court or to the Authority under section 7 (if any) shall not be taken into account for the computation of the maximum compensation payable by the Fund under this section. [S 486/2003] (2) Where the amount of established claims against the Fund exceeds the aggregate amount of compensation payable under subsection (1), the amount available must be distributed in such a manner that the proportion between any established claim and the amount of compensation actually recovered by the claimant concerned under this Part is the same for all claimants. (3) A certificate given by the Director of the Fund stating that subsection (1)( c ) is applicable to any claim under section 27 is conclusive evidence for the purposes of this Part that it is so applicable. (4) For the purpose of giving effect to subsections (1) and (2), the Court giving judgment against the Fund in proceedings under section 27 is to notify the Fund, and — ( a ) no step may be taken to enforce the judgment unless and until the Court gives permission to enforce it; [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( b ) that permission is not to be given unless and until the Fund notifies the Court either that the amount of the claim is not to be reduced under subsection (1), or that it is to be reduced to a specified amount; and [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022] ( c ) in the latter case the judgment is enforceable only for the reduced amount. (5) Any steps taken to obtain payment of an amount or a reduced amount pursuant to a judgment mentioned in subsection (4) are steps to obtain payment in Singapore dollars, and — ( a ) for the purpose of converting such an amount from special drawing rights into Singapore dollars, one special drawing right is treated as equal to such a sum in Singapore dollars as the International Monetary Fund has fixed as being the equivalent of one special drawing right for — (i) the relevant day, namely the day on which the Assembly of the Fund decides the date for the first payment of compensation in respect of the incident; or (ii) if no sum has been so fixed for the relevant day, the last day before that day for which a sum has been so fixed; and ( b ) a certificate given by or on behalf of the Minister for Finance stating — (i) that a particular sum in Singapore dollars had been so fixed for the relevant day; or (ii) that no sum had been so fixed for the relevant day and that a particular sum in Singapore dollars had been so fixed for a day which was the last day for which a sum had been so fixed before the relevant day, is conclusive evidence of those matters for the purposes of this Part. (6) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by order make such amendments to this section as appear to the Minister to be appropriate for the purpose of giving effect to the entry into force of any amendment of the provisions set out in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 4 of the Fund Convention. (7) Any document purporting to be a certificate mentioned in subsection (5)( b ) shall, in any legal proceedings, be received in evidence and, unless the contrary is proved, is deemed to be such a certificate.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s29
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 29
title: Jurisdiction and effect of judgments
content:
29. —(1) Section 3(1)( d ) of the High Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) Act 1961 is to be construed as extending to any claim in respect of a liability falling on the Fund under this Part. (2) Where, in accordance with Rules of Court made for the purposes of this subsection, the Fund has been given notice of proceedings brought against an owner or insurer in respect of liability under section 3, any judgment given in the proceedings becomes, after it has become final and enforceable, binding upon the Fund in the sense that the facts and evidence in the judgment may not be disputed by the Fund even if the Fund has not intervened in the proceedings. (3) Where a person incurs a liability under the law of a Fund Convention country corresponding to this Part for damage which is partly in the territory of Singapore, subsection (2) applies (with the necessary modifications) for the purpose of proceedings under this Part, to a judgment in proceedings under that law of that country. (4) Subject to subsection (5), Part 1 of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 applies (whether or not it would so apply apart from this section) to any judgment given by a court in a Fund Convention country to enforce a claim in respect of liability incurred under any provision corresponding to section 27, and in its application to such a judgment that Part has effect with the omission of section 5(3) and (4) of that Act. (5) No steps may be taken to enforce such a judgment unless and until the court in which it is registered under Part 1 of the Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act 1959 gives permission to enforce it, and — ( a ) that permission is not to be given unless and until the Fund notifies the court either that the amount of the claim is not to be reduced under section 28(1) or that it is to be reduced to a specified amount; and ( b ) in the latter case, the judgment is enforceable only for the reduced amount. [Act 25 of 2021 wef 01/04/2022]


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s30
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 30
title: Extinguishment of claims
content:
30. —(1) No action to enforce a claim against the Fund under this Part shall be entertained by a court in Singapore unless — ( a ) the action is commenced; or ( b ) a third party notice of an action to enforce a claim against the owner or the owner’s insurer in respect of the same damage is given to the Fund, not later than 3 years after the claim against the Fund arose. (2) In subsection (1), “third party notice” means a notice of the kind described in section 29(2) and (3). (3) No action to enforce a claim against the Fund under this Part shall be entertained by a court in Singapore unless the action is commenced not later than 6 years after the occurrence, or first of the occurrences, resulting in the discharge or escape or in the relevant threat of contamination (as the case may be) by reason of which the claim against the Fund arose.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s31
chapter: PART 3 - INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION
section: 31
title: Subrogation
content:
31. —(1) In respect of any sum paid by the Fund as compensation for pollution damage, the Fund acquires by subrogation any rights in respect of the damage which the recipient has (or, but for the payment, would have) against any other person. (2) In respect of any sum paid by the Authority as compensation for pollution damage, the Authority acquires by subrogation any rights which the recipient has against the Fund under this Part.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s32
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 32
title: Regulations
content:
32. —(1) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations as may be necessary or expedient for giving effect to the provisions of this Act. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), regulations may be made to — ( a ) prescribe the amount of fees to be paid on an application for the issue of a certificate under section 14(1); ( b ) provide for the cancellation and delivery up to the Director of a certificate issued under section 14(1); ( c ) provide for matters relating to the conversion of amounts mentioned in sections 7(3) and 28(5) from special drawing rights to such sums in Singapore dollars; ( d ) provide for any other matter which is required or authorised by any provision of this Act to be provided for by regulations; and ( e ) provide that any contravention or failure to comply with any of such regulations shall be an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $10,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s33
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 33
title: Director may authorise person to exercise powers and duties
content:
33. The powers conferred and the duties imposed on the Director under this Act and any regulations made under this Act may be exercised and carried out by any officer of the Authority generally or specially authorised by name or office by the Director and subject to the Director’s directions.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s34
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 34
title: Power to board and search ship
content:
34. —(1) The Director may, where the Director has reason to believe that an offence has been committed under this Act or any regulations made under this Act — ( a ) board and search any ship; ( b ) enter and search any premises; or ( c ) summon any person before the Director and require the person to answer questions, and may carry out such inspection and examination as the Director may consider necessary and may seize any books, papers, documents or other things found in those places which may provide evidence of the commission of an offence under this Act or the regulations and may make copies of, or take extracts from, any such books, papers or documents. (2) Any person who assaults, hinders, impedes or obstructs the Director in the performance of the Director’s duties under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), “Director” includes an officer of the Authority authorised by the Director to exercise any powers mentioned in subsection (1).


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s35
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 35
title: Court for trial of offences
content:
35. Any offence under this Act or any regulations made under this Act may be tried by a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court and such Court, despite the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 and any other written law, has jurisdiction to impose the maximum penalty provided for by this Act or the regulations.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s36
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 36
title: Offences committed by body corporate
content:
36. Where a body corporate is guilty of an offence under this Act or any regulations made under this Act and the offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, that director, manager, secretary, officer or person (as the case may be), as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s37
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 37
title: Composition of offences
content:
37. —(1) The Director may compound any such offence under this Act or any regulations made under this Act as may be prescribed as being an offence which may be compounded by collecting from the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding $2,000. (2) The Authority may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations prescribing the offences which may be compounded.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s38
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 38
title: Fines to be paid to Authority
content:
38. All fines imposed for any offence under this Act or any regulations made under this Act and all sums collected under section 37 must be paid into the funds of the Authority.


document_id: msclcopa-1998
provision_ref: s39
chapter: PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 39
title: Protection from personal liability
content:
39. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Director or any officer of the Authority or other person acting under the direction of the Director or the Authority for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in the execution or purported execution of this Act or any regulations made under this Act.


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s2
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 2
title: Interpretation
content:
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “armed robbery”, in relation to a ship, means — ( a ) any illegal act of violence or detention or any act of depredation, or threat of such act, other than an act of piracy, committed for private ends and directed against the ship or against persons or property on board the ship, within a State’s internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial sea; or ( b ) any act of inciting or intentionally facilitating an act mentioned in paragraph ( a ); “Authority” means the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore established under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; “collective agreement” — ( a ) in relation to a collective agreement governed by the Industrial Relations Act 1960, has the meaning given by that Act; and ( b ) in relation to a collective agreement not governed by the Industrial Relations Act 1960, means a similar agreement governed by the law of a territory outside Singapore; “Convention” means the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 adopted by the International Labour Organization at Geneva on 23 February 2006 and — ( a ) includes any amendment to the Convention which has come into force and has been accepted by the Government; and ( b ) where the context admits or requires, includes the Regulations, and the Standards in Part A of the Code, of the Convention; “court”, in relation to any proceedings, includes any court having jurisdiction in the matter to which the proceedings relate; “Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance” means the declaration mentioned in section 50; “Director” means the Director of Marine appointed under section 4 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and includes the Deputy Director of Marine appointed under that Act; “gross rate of pay” means the total amount of money including allowances to which a seafarer is entitled under his or her seafarer’s employment agreement either — ( a ) for working for a period of time, that is, for one hour, one day, one week, one month or for such other period as may be stated or implied in his or her seafarer’s employment agreement; or ( b ) for each completed piece or task of work, but does not include — ( c ) additional payments by way of overtime payments; ( d ) additional payments by way of bonus payments or annual wage supplements; ( e ) any sum paid to the seafarer as reimbursement for special expenses incurred by him or her in the course of employment; ( f ) productivity incentive payments; and ( g ) travelling, food or housing allowances; “gross tonnage”, in relation to a ship, means its gross tonnage calculated in accordance with — ( a ) the regulations in Annex 1 of the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 and any amendment to the regulations that has come into force and has been accepted by the Government; or ( b ) any successor Convention accepted by the Government; “hours of rest” means a period during which the seafarer is free to dispose of his or her own time and movements, but does not include any short breaks and any intervals allowed during hours of work for rest and meals; “inspector” means a person who — ( a ) is a surveyor of ships; or ( b ) is appointed in writing by the Director to be an inspector for the purposes of this Act; “Maritime Labour Certificate” means the certificate mentioned in section 52; “master” includes every person, except a pilot, having command or charge of a ship; “medical fitness certificate” means a certificate attesting to a person’s fitness to perform the duties which that person will carry out at sea and which is issued by a qualified medical practitioner (whether or not subject to restrictions or conditions); “other relevant written law” means other written law implementing the requirements of the Convention, as specified in the First Schedule; “piracy” has the same meaning as in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted on 10 December 1982 by the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea; “Port Master” means the Port Master appointed under section 15 of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996 and includes any Deputy Port Master appointed under that section; “qualified medical practitioner” means a person who — ( a ) is a duly qualified medical practitioner under the Medical Registration Act 1997; or ( b ) possesses such other qualification as may be approved by the Director; “Recognised Organisation” means any organisation appointed by the Director under section 5(1) of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, or the Merchant Shipping (Authorised Organisations) Regulations or any regulations made under section 116 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, and authorised by the Director to do one or more of the following: ( a ) survey and inspect Singapore ships for the purposes of the requirements of the Convention or this Act; ( b ) issue Maritime Labour Certificates and Declarations of Maritime Labour Compliance in respect of Singapore ships; “requirements of the Convention” refers to the requirements in the Articles, the Regulations, and Part A of the Code, of the Convention; “seafarer” means any person, including the master, who is employed or engaged or works in any capacity on board a ship, but does not include — ( a ) a pilot; ( b ) a port worker; ( c ) a person temporarily employed on the ship during the period it is in port; and ( d ) a person specified in an Order made by the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, declaring the categories of persons not to be regarded as seafarers; “seafarer recruitment and placement service” means any person, company, institution, agency or other organisation which is engaged in recruiting seafarers on behalf of shipowners or placing seafarers with shipowners; “seafarer’s employment agreement” means a contract of employment and articles of agreement in writing made between a person employed as a seafarer on a ship and the person employing him or her; “ship” has the meaning given by the Merchant Shipping Act 1995, but does not include — ( a ) any vessel which navigates exclusively in inland waters or waters within, or closely adjacent to, sheltered waters or areas where the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (Port) Regulations apply; ( b ) any warship or naval auxiliary; ( c ) any ship engaged in fishing or in similar pursuits; ( d ) any ship of traditional build such as dhows and junks; ( e ) any ship that is intended to be operated without any seafarer on board; and ( f ) any ship specified in an Order made by the Authority, with the approval of the Minister, declaring the categories of ships to be excluded from the application of this Act; “shipowner”, in relation to a ship, means the owner of the ship, and includes — ( a ) the registered owner; or ( b ) in the absence of registration — (i) the person owning the ship; or (ii) any other person (such as the ship manager, agent or bareboat charterer) who has assumed responsibility for the operation of the ship from the owner and who, on assuming such responsibility, has agreed to take over the duties and responsibilities imposed on shipowners in accordance with the Convention, whether or not any other organisation or person fulfils certain of the duties or responsibilities on the shipowner’s behalf; “Singapore ship” has the meaning given by the Merchant Shipping Act 1995; “STCW Code” means the Seafarers’ Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code adopted by the 1995 Conference of Parties to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 and any amendment to the Code that has come into force and has been accepted by the Government; “surveyor of ships” means a person appointed as a surveyor of ships under section 5 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995; “young seafarer” means any seafarer who is 16 years of age or above and below 18 years of age. [3/2019; 16/2020] (2) References in this Act — ( a ) to a failure to do any act or thing include references to a refusal or neglect to do that act or thing; ( b ) to going to sea include, in the case of a Singapore ship, references to going to sea from any country outside Singapore; and ( c ) to a death occurring on a ship include references to a death occurring in a ship’s boat or life raft and to being lost from a ship, ship’s boat or life raft. (3) For the purposes of this Act — ( a ) a seafarer is discharged from a ship when his or her employment on that ship is terminated; ( b ) a seafarer discharged from a ship in any country and left there is deemed to be left behind in that country even though the ship also remains there; and ( c ) a ship is deemed to have gone to sea if it has got under way for any purpose except for the purpose of moving the ship from one berth or place in a port to another berth or place in the port.


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s3
chapter: PART 2 - SCOPE OF APPLICATION
section: 3
title: Application of this Act
content:
3. —(1) Except as otherwise expressly provided, this Part and Parts 1 and 11 apply to — ( a ) all Singapore ships ordinarily engaged in commercial activities wherever they may be; ( b ) all ships, not being Singapore ships, in Singapore, whether publicly or privately owned, ordinarily engaged in commercial activities; and ( c ) all seafarers employed on ships mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ). (2) Except as otherwise expressly provided, Parts 3 to 7 and 9 apply to — ( a ) all Singapore ships ordinarily engaged in commercial activities wherever they may be; and ( b ) all seafarers employed on ships mentioned in paragraph ( a ).


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s4
chapter: PART 2 - SCOPE OF APPLICATION
section: 4
title: Exemption of ship
content:
4. —(1) Subject to this section, where the Authority determines that it would not be reasonable or practicable to apply any provision of this Act, or any regulations made under this Act, to any Singapore ship of less than 200 gross tonnage and not engaged in international voyages, the Authority may exempt that Singapore ship, or particular categories of Singapore ships, either generally or for such time or such voyage as the Authority determines. (2) The Authority may, in granting any exemption under subsection (1), impose such conditions on the Singapore ship, or particular categories of Singapore ships, as the Authority thinks fit. (3) Without limiting subsections (1) and (2), the conditions may include a requirement that the provisions of any other written law, or the terms of any seafarer’s employment agreement or collective agreement, or other measures, be complied with in lieu of any provision of this Act, or any regulations made under this Act, or Part A of the Code of the Convention.


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s5
chapter: PART 3 - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
section: 5
title: Minimum age of seafarers
content:
5. —(1) A person must not cause or permit a person below 16 years of age to be employed on board a ship. (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s6
chapter: PART 3 - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
section: 6
title: Minimum age of cooks on board ships
content:
6. —(1) A seafarer below 18 years of age must not be employed or engaged, or work, as a ship’s cook. (2) Any person who employs or engages a seafarer below 18 years of age to work as a ship’s cook shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s7
chapter: PART 3 - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
section: 7
title: Seafarer to have valid medical fitness certificate
content:
7. —(1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), a person must not work as a seafarer on a ship unless that person has been issued with a medical fitness certificate complying with the prescribed requirements, and which is valid and is not suspended. (2) A seafarer who has been issued with a medical fitness certificate must carry that certificate on board during the term of that seafarer’s employment on a ship. (3) A seafarer whose medical fitness certificate has expired during the course of a voyage may continue to work until the earlier of the following: ( a ) the first port of call at which it is possible for the seafarer to apply for a medical fitness certificate and to be examined by a qualified medical practitioner; ( b ) the end of 3 months starting from the date of the expiry of the certificate. (4) In urgent cases, with the Director’s approval, if a person — ( a ) does not hold a valid medical fitness certificate; but ( b ) has held a medical fitness certificate for at least 24 months (or in the case of a person below 18 years of age at the date of issue of the certificate, at least 12 months) and that certificate has expired no earlier than one month before the date on which that person joined a ship, that person may work as a seafarer on that ship until the first port of call at which it is possible for an application for a medical fitness certificate in respect of that person to be made and for that person to be examined by a qualified medical practitioner, but in any case not for a period exceeding 3 months. (5) No person may work as a seafarer on a ship in a capacity of sea service or in a geographical area precluded by any restriction in that person’s medical fitness certificate. (6) No person may work as a seafarer on a ship in breach of a condition of that person’s medical fitness certificate.


document_id: msmlca-2014
provision_ref: s8
chapter: PART 3 - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
section: 8
title: Employment of seafarers
content:
8. —(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a person must not employ another person as a seafarer on a ship unless that other person has been issued with a medical fitness certificate complying with the prescribed requirements, and which is valid and is not suspended. (2) A person may continue to employ, as a seafarer on a ship, a person whose medical fitness certificate has expired during the course of a voyage until the earlier of the following: ( a ) the first port of call at which it is possible for the seafarer to apply for a medical fitness certificate and to be examined by a qualified medical practitioner; ( b ) the end of 3 months starting from the date of expiry of the certificate. (3) In urgent cases, with the Director’s approval, if a person who is a seafarer — ( a ) does not hold a valid medical fitness certificate; but ( b ) has held a medical fitness certificate for at least 24 months (or in the case of a person below 18 years of age at the date of issue of the certificate, at least 12 months) and that certificate has expired no earlier than one month before the date on which the seafarer joined a ship, a person may employ that person as a seafarer on that ship until the first port of call at which it is possible for an application for a medical fitness certificate in respect of that seafarer to be made and for that seafarer to be examined by a qualified medical practitioner, but in any case not for a period exceeding 3 months. (4) A person must not employ a person as a seafarer on a ship in a capacity of sea service or in a geographical area precluded by any restriction in that person’s medical fitness certificate. (5) A person must not employ a person as a seafarer on a ship in a way that breaches a condition of that person’s medical fitness certificate. (6) Any person who contravenes subsection (1), (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000.


