# legal_provisions

document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s92
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 92
title: Criteria for grant of food business licence
content:
92. —(1) This section applies where the Agency is deciding any of the following: ( a ) whether an applicant should be granted a food business licence; ( b ) the conditions to impose on a food business licence; ( c ) whether to modify any condition of a food business licence. (2) When making a decision mentioned in subsection (1), the Agency must have regard, and give such weight as the Agency considers appropriate, to all of the following matters: ( a ) whether the applicant or food business licensee, or an associate of the applicant or food business licensee, is or was disqualified by section 298 from holding the same licence or another licence; ( b ) whether the applicant or food business licensee is a suitable person to be involved in the management or operation of the licensable food business in the application; ( c ) whether regulatory action under section 96 has been or is being taken or is contemplated against the applicant or food business licensee; ( d ) any available information as to whether or not the applicant or food business licensee has been convicted or found guilty of any relevant offence within the meaning of section 96(3) (whether or not the offence was committed before, on or after the commencement of this section); ( e ) whether the premises at which the licensable food business is or is to be carried on are fit to be used for that type of licensable food business; ( f ) whether — (i) the written permission or authorisation required by the Planning Act 1998 for the use of the premises for that licensable food business has been granted or deemed granted; and (ii) the requirements under any other written law for provisioning of sanitary conveniences in those premises have been complied with; ( g ) whether the applicant or food business licensee has, and will keep and maintain, the following plans relating to the licensable food business: (i) an accepted farm management plan, where the licensable food business involves any primary production activity; (ii) an accepted food control plan, where the licensable food business is a food business mentioned in section 91(2)( b ); ( h ) the applicant’s or food business licensee’s compliance history with Part 2, where applicable; ( i ) whether and how the applicant or food business licensee prepares to deal with any disruptive event occurring; ( j ) whether it is otherwise not in the public interest of Singapore for the applicant to be granted a food business licence. (3) Subsection (2) applies to an applicant or food business licensee which is an entity with the following modifications: ( a ) paragraph ( a ) of that subsection must be read as if the paragraph refers only to the officers of the entity instead of the entity; ( b ) paragraphs ( b ), ( c ) and ( d ) of that subsection must be read as if they refer to the entity and its officers. (4) For the purpose of determining whether or not a person is a suitable person under subsection (2)( b ) for a particular licensable food business that is the subject of an application for a food business licence, the Agency must have regard to all of the following matters: ( a ) the person’s compliance history with any of the following so far as that relates to the carrying on of that licensable food business: (i) the provisions of this Act and any predecessor law about requirements in respect of manufacturing, preparing or handling to ensure safe and suitable food or in respect of primary production activity to ensure safe primary produce; (ii) the conditions of any food business licence granted to the person; (iii) the provisions of any code of practice applicable to the person; (iv) a Part 7 direction; ( b ) the person’s relevant knowledge, competency and experience in identifying, controlling, managing, and eliminating or minimising hazards for the purpose of achieving safe and suitable food in carrying on that licensable food business. (5) To avoid doubt, the Agency is not confined to consideration of the matters specified in subsection (2) and may take into account any other matters and evidence that may be relevant. (6) In this section, “predecessor law” means any of the following: ( a ) the Animals and Birds Act 1965, so far as that Act relates to food producing animals; ( b ) the Control of Plants Act 1993, so far as that Act relates to cultivation of plants intended for human consumption; ( c ) Part 4 of the Environmental Public Health Act 1987; ( d ) the Fisheries Act 1966, so far as that Act relates to cultivation of fish intended for human consumption; ( e ) the Sale of Food Act 1973 repealed by this Act; ( f ) the Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999 repealed by this Act.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s93
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 93
title: Conditions of food business licence
content:
93. —(1) Without limiting section 294, in granting a food business licence to any person, the Agency may impose conditions requiring the food business licensee — ( a ) to meet all the standards prescribed for the maintenance, cleanliness, sanitation and hygiene of the licensable food business authorised by the licence, or specified in the licence in so far as the standards are not prescribed; ( b ) to comply with procedures prescribed to achieve the safety and suitability of food or the safety of primary produce, including document control and recording; ( c ) to prepare itself for the following ends: (i) to deal with any disruptive event occurring; (ii) to prevent any intentional engaging in conduct, by any individual, so as to jeopardise the safety of food which is manufactured, prepared or otherwise handled or of primary produce which is produced at the food premises of the food business, including any attempt to do so, by establishing and maintaining procedures and plans directed to those ends, and conducting simulations or other tests of those procedures and plans (where necessary) to give effect to those procedures and plans; ( d ) to carry on the licensable food business authorised by the licence in accordance with an accepted farm management plan or an accepted food control plan; or ( e ) to furnish or further furnish a performance bond, guarantee or any other form of security of such amount and on such terms and conditions as the Agency considers appropriate. (2) In granting a person a food business licence for a licensable food business, the Agency accepts — ( a ) where the food business involves any primary production activity, the person’s farm management plan relating to that food business; or ( b ) in any other case, the person’s food control plan relating to that food business.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s94
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 94
title: Validity of food business licence
content:
94. —(1) Every food business licence granted under this Part is to be in any form that the Agency may determine. (2) Every food business licence granted under this Part is in force for the period (not exceeding 5 years) specified in the licence — ( a ) except when it is wholly suspended under section 96(2); or ( b ) unless it is earlier revoked under section 96(1). (3) To avoid doubt, a licence to use more than one premises for a licensable food business does not cease only by reason that one of the premises to which it relates stops being used for the licensable food business.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s95
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 95
title: Modifying conditions of food business licence
content:
95. Subject to Division 4 of Part 14, it is lawful for the Agency to modify the conditions of a food business licence without compensating the food business licensee concerned.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s96
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 96
title: Regulatory action concerning food business licence
content:
96. —(1) Subject to Division 4 of Part 14, if the Agency is satisfied that — ( a ) a food business licensee is contravening or not complying with, or has contravened or failed to comply with — (i) any of the conditions of its food business licence; (ii) any provision of this Act applicable to the food business licensee so far as that relates to the carrying on of the licensable food business stated in its food business licence, the contravention of or non‑compliance with which is not an offence under this Act; (iii) any provision of a code of practice applicable to the food business licensee so far as that relates to the carrying on of the licensable food business authorised by the food business licence; (iv) any direction given to the food business licensee under subsection (2)( e ) or ( f ); or (v) any requirement in section 100 applicable to the food business licensee; ( b ) a food business licensee has ceased to carry on the food business authorised by the food business licence; ( c ) a food business licensee, or any officer of a food business licensee, is convicted of a relevant offence committed during the term of the food business licence or an immediately prior food business licence; ( d ) a food business licensee is suffering from a prescribed infectious disease, or knowingly employs or engages to handle food in the course of the licensee’s licensable food business an individual — (i) who is or is suspected to be suffering from a prescribed infectious disease; or (ii) who refuses to be immunised against a prescribed infectious disease where a direction under section 130 is given in relation to the licensee’s licensable food business; ( e ) the continued use of the premises for a food business under a food business licence would constitute an unacceptable risk to the safety, welfare or wellbeing of customers of that licensable food business at the premises; ( f ) there is or has been a serious failure of the operations of a food business licensee, or there are or have been other matters, that cast doubt on the safety of the primary produce produced, or the safety and suitability of the food manufactured, prepared or supplied, by the food business licensee; ( g ) a food business licence had been obtained by a food business licensee by fraud or misrepresentation; or ( h ) the public interest of Singapore requires, the Agency may revoke (without any compensation) the food business licence of the food business licensee, with or without forfeiting any performance bond, guarantee or other form of security furnished by the food business licensee under this Act. (2) However, the Agency may, in lieu of revoking under subsection (1) the food business licence of a food business licensee, do (without any compensation) one or more of the following: ( a ) censure the food business licensee in writing; ( b ) direct the food business licensee to do, or to refrain from doing, any thing that is specified in a direction to rectify any contravention or non‑compliance that constitutes the ground for regulatory action; ( c ) suspend (in whole or in part) the food business licence for not more than 6 months; ( d ) modify any condition of the food business licence; ( e ) direct the food business licensee to pay, within a period specified in a direction, a financial penalty of any amount that the Agency thinks fit, but not exceeding $5,000 for each contravention of or failure to comply with any matter in subsection (1)( a ) or for each other ground of regulatory action; ( f ) direct the furnishing by the food business licensee of any performance bond, guarantee or other form of security, or an additional performance bond, guarantee or other form of security, for all or any of the following: (i) to secure compliance by the food business licensee with any condition attached to the food business licence; (ii) to secure compliance by the food business licensee with any code of practice applicable to the food business licensee so far as that relates to the carrying on of the licensable food business authorised by the food business licence; (iii) for the purpose of meeting any financial penalty arising out of any regulatory action started or likely to start against the food business licensee. (3) In this section, “relevant offence” means — ( a ) an offence under section 102, 103(1) or (2), 106, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 162, 179, 180 or 182; ( b ) an offence under section 139, 140, 253, 256 or 257 in relation to any food business of the food business licensee concerned; ( c ) an offence under section 272, 273 or 284 of the Penal Code 1871 involving food or drinking water; or ( d ) an offence under a repealed law which is prescribed in regulations, being an offence corresponding to any offence in paragraph ( a ). (4) Subsection (2)( e ) does not apply where the ground of regulatory action is subsection (1)( c ).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s97
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 97
title: Post-revocation, etc., of food business licence
content:
97. —(1) Where the food business licence of a food business licensee is revoked or suspended (in whole or in part) under section 96, the Agency may direct as follows: ( a ) direct that — (i) any food handled; or (ii) any primary produce from any primary production activity, under any of the operations of the food business licensee affected by the revocation or suspension must not be sold or supplied; ( b ) direct the food business licensee or former food business licensee (as the case may be) to take appropriate action to destroy or otherwise dispose of or deal with the affected food or primary produce mentioned in paragraph ( a ). (2) A food business licensee or former food business licensee to whom a direction under subsection (1) is given commits an offence if the food business licensee or former food business licensee (as the case may be) fails to comply with the direction. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (2) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (4) Subsection (2) does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse. (5) In subsection (3), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (2), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, an offence under subsection (2). Division 3 &#x2014; Traceability obligations for
licensable food businesses


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s98
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 98
title: Application of this Division
content:
98. —(1) This Division applies only to a licensable food business that is prescribed by the Minister, by order in the Gazette , as subject to this Division. (2) Where any licensable food business is prescribed in any order made under subsection (1), this Division does not apply to or in relation to the carrying on of the licensable food business before the date the order comes into force.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s99
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 99
title: Information food business proprietor must keep or have ready access to
content:
99. —(1) Every proprietor of a licensable food business to which this Division applies must keep, or have ready access to, the information described in subsection (2) for no shorter than the prescribed period after the date that the food is supplied by the proprietor. (2) The information is — ( a ) the prescribed identity particulars and prescribed contact details of the person to whom the food was supplied by the proprietor; ( b ) the prescribed identity particulars and prescribed contact details of — (i) the manufacturer or primary producer of the food; or (ii) the person from whom the proprietor acquired the food; ( c ) a description of the identity of the food by commodity, brand (if any) and lot (if any); and ( d ) any other information that is prescribed. (3) A proprietor of a licensable food business who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (4) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (3). (5) In this section, “prescribed” means prescribed by any regulations made under Part 15.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s100
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 100
title: Identification, location and tracing of food
content:
100. —(1) A proprietor of a licensable food business to which this Division applies must have procedures for — ( a ) identifying and locating food supplied, handled or produced by the proprietor; and ( b ) tracing food so that the food can be traced — (i) from the supplier of the food to the proprietor; (ii) while the food is under the proprietor’s control; and (iii) from the proprietor to the next person to whom responsibility for the food has passed (other than the ultimate consumer). (2) A proprietor of a licensable food business to which this Division applies must ensure that food is identified, located and traced in accordance with those procedures. (3) The information required under subsection (1) must be accurate. (4) The information required under subsection (1) must also be sufficient to allow an effective recall to be carried out under Part 7. (5) A proprietor of a licensable food business must — ( a ) have procedures for the recalling of food supplied in Singapore by the proprietor of the licensable food business that the proprietor considers to be unsafe or unsuitable or whose safety or suitability is in doubt; ( b ) conduct simulations or other tests of those procedures if required by the Agency; and ( c ) recall, in accordance with those procedures, food supplied in Singapore by the proprietor of the licensable food business that the proprietor considers to be unsafe or unsuitable or whose safety or suitability is in doubt. (6) If the proprietor of a licensable food business to which this Division applies decides to recall any food on the ground that the food is or might be unsafe or unsuitable, the proprietor must notify the Agency of the following as soon as practicable, but no later than 24 hours after making the decision: ( a ) the food affected by the recall; ( b ) the reason for the recall.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s101
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 101
title: Providing information — food business proprietor
content:
101. —(1) When requested to do so by an authorised officer or a food inspector, a proprietor of a licensable food business to which this Division applies is bound to state truly what the proprietor of a licensable food business is requested, and must give information about the matters in section 99(1) — ( a ) in a readily accessible format; and ( b ) within 24 hours after the request, or within any reasonable shorter period specified by the authorised officer or food inspector, as the case may be. (2) Where any information which is required by subsection (1) to be given to an authorised officer or a food inspector is not given or is not given within the time delimited under subsection (1)( b ), then the proprietor of a licensable food business requested to give the information shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) Subsection (2) does not apply if the person required to give the information has a reasonable excuse. (4) The ordinary meaning of “reasonable excuse” is affected by sections 258 and 259. Division 4 &#x2014; Offences


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s102
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 102
title: Unlicensed licensable food business, etc.
content:
102. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person is an owner or an occupier of any premises; ( b ) the person uses, or allows the premises to be used, to carry on a licensable food business; and ( c ) the person is not one of the following: (i) a holder of a current licence to carry on that licensable food business at the premises; (ii) a person exempt from this section under section 320 or 321 in relation to carrying on that licensable food business at the premises. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under this section; (ii) under section 41A of the Environmental Public Health Act 1987 for contravening section 32(1) of that Act; (iii) under section 41A of the Environmental Public Health Act 1987 for contravening section 33 or 34(1) of that Act involving any food; (iv) under section 24 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 21 of that Act; or (v) under section 11(2) or 12(2) of the Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (3)( b )(ii), (iii), (iv) or (v) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. (5) However, a person is not guilty of an offence under subsection (1) if the person proves, on a balance of probabilities, that the person — ( a ) had no knowledge and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained that the premises was used to carry on a licensable food business; and ( b ) as soon as practicable after becoming aware that the premises was used to carry on a licensable food business, took all reasonable steps to stop that use.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s103
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 103
title: Deployment of untrained food workers
content:
103. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person is the holder of a food business licence for a licensable food business; ( b ) the person causes or allows an individual to carry out any work as a food worker in the course of the operations of the licensable food business; ( c ) the individual is not registered as a food worker, generally or in respect of that licensable food business; and ( d ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the individual is not registered as a food worker, generally or in respect of that licensable food business. (2) An individual commits an offence if — ( a ) the individual is the holder of a food business licence for a licensable food business; ( b ) the individual carries out any work as a food worker in the course of the operations of the licensable food business; ( c ) the individual is not registered as a food worker, generally or in respect of that licensable food business; and ( d ) the individual knows, or ought reasonably to know, that he or she is not registered as a food worker, generally or in respect of that licensable food business. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (4) In subsection (3), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under this section, means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under this section.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s104
chapter: PART 1 - PRELIMINARY
section: 104
title: Disallowed activities for non‑licensable food business
content:
104. —(1) A proprietor of a food business which is not a licensable food business commits an offence if — ( a ) the proprietor engages in conduct, or causes or permits an individual to engage in conduct — (i) in the course of carrying on the food business at any premises, which is prescribed in any regulations made under Part 15 as prohibited conduct for that food business; or (ii) in certain circumstances in the course of carrying on the food business at any premises, which are prescribed in any regulations made under Part 15 as disallowed circumstances for that food business; and ( b ) the proprietor knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the conduct — (i) is prescribed in those regulations as prohibited conduct for that food business; or (ii) is engaged in circumstances which are prescribed in those regulations as disallowed circumstances for that food business, as the case may be. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s105
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 105
title: Meaning of “pre-market approval”
content:
105. In this Part, “pre‑market approval” means an approval granted under this Part for a novel food or a genetically modified food to be available for consumption as food by the general public, after the Agency makes an assessment of the public health and safety considerations having regard to — ( a ) the potential for adverse effects in humans; ( b ) the composition or structure of the novel food or genetically modified food; ( c ) the process by which the novel food or genetically modified food has been prepared; ( d ) the source from which the novel food or genetically modified food is derived; ( e ) the likely patterns and levels of consumption of the novel food or genetically modified food; and ( f ) any other relevant matters.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s106
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 106
title: Supplying defined food
content:
106. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies any food in Singapore; ( b ) the food is a defined food; and ( c ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the food is a defined food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s107
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 107
title: Supplying defined food — strict liability
content:
107. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies any food in Singapore; and ( b ) the food is a defined food. (2) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s108
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 108
title: Defence of due diligence
content:
108. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 106 or 107, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the commission of the offence was due to — (i) an act or omission of another person; or (ii) an accident or some other cause outside the control of the person charged; and ( b ) the person charged took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence by the person, or by another person under the control of the person charged. (2) In subsection (1)( a ), another person does not include a person who was at the time of the commission of the offence — ( a ) an employee or agent of the person charged; or ( b ) if the person charged is an entity, an officer of the entity. (3) Section 26H(4) of the Penal Code 1871 does not apply in relation to a strict liability offence under this Part.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s109
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 109
title: Application for pre-market approval
content:
109. Without limiting section 292(4), the Agency may refuse to consider an application for pre‑market approval with respect to a novel food or a genetically modified food if the application does not contain sufficient information for the Agency to make an assessment as to the public health and safety considerations as described in section 105.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s110
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 110
title: Grant of pre-market approval
content:
110. —(1) Without limiting section 294, in granting a pre‑market approval in respect of a novel food or a genetically modified food, the Agency may impose any conditions that the Agency considers requisite or expedient to ensure that the novel food or genetically modified food, as the case may be — ( a ) is what it says it is; and ( b ) is safe, and after having regard to the public health and safety considerations as described in section 105. (2) The Agency may, at the request of an applicant for pre‑market approval in respect of a novel food or a genetically modified food, grant the pre‑market approval subject to an exclusive use condition.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s111
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 111
title: Validity of pre-market approval
content:
111. A pre‑market approval granted in respect of a novel food or a genetically modified food has effect until — ( a ) the approval is cancelled under section 112; or ( b ) in the case of a novel food, it earlier ceases to be a novel food.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s112
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 112
title: Cancelling pre-market approval
content:
112. Subject to Division 4 of Part 14, the Agency may cancel (without any compensation) a pre‑market approval in respect of a novel food or a genetically modified food if the Agency is satisfied that — ( a ) the pre‑market approval had been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation; ( b ) any condition of the pre‑market approval is contravened or not complied with; ( c ) after the grant of the pre‑market approval, there has been a material change to — (i) the method by which the novel food or genetically modified food is manufactured, prepared, preserved, packaged or stored; or (ii) any other information relating to the novel food or genetically modified food which was provided in connection with the application for the pre-market approval; or ( d ) the public interest of Singapore requires the cancellation of the pre‑market approval.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s113
chapter: PART 5 - DEFINED FOOD AND PRE-MARKET APPROVAL
section: 113
title: Restrictions on transfer of pre-market approval
content:
113. —(1) Every pre‑market approval, and any rights, benefits or privileges under the pre‑market approval, are not transferable or assignable to any other person unless — ( a ) the pre‑market approval contains a condition authorising the transfer or assignment; and ( b ) the Agency consents in writing to the transfer or assignment. (2) Any consent under subsection (1) may be given subject to compliance with any conditions that the Agency thinks fit to impose, which may include conditions modifying, or requiring or otherwise providing for the making of modifications to, the conditions of the pre‑market approval. (3) A transfer or an assignment, or a purported transfer or assignment, of a pre‑market approval, or of any rights, benefits or privileges under the pre‑market approval, is void and of no effect — ( a ) if the pre‑market approval is not capable of transfer or assignment; ( b ) if the transfer or assignment, or purported transfer or assignment, is in breach of a condition of the pre‑market approval licence; or ( c ) if there has, before the transfer or assignment or purported transfer or assignment, been a contravention of a condition imposed under subsection (2).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s114
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 114
title: Definitions for Part 6
content:
114. —(1) In this Part, section 312 and the Part 6 Regulations — “alter”, in relation to water, does not include — ( a ) chilling or otherwise changing the temperature of the water; ( b ) adding fluoride to drinking water only to the extent necessary to promote good oral health; ( c ) where drinking water is supplied using a reticulation system, the addition to drinking water of any contaminant or substance due solely to the contact between the drinking water and any network infrastructure of the reticulation system during the water’s passage; or ( d ) conditioning or purifying drinking water using filters or other devices to improve the quality or aesthetic aspects of the drinking water; “drinking water producer” means a person who carries on drinking water production in the course of business; “drinking water production” means an undertaking that involves — ( a ) any of the following: (i) water harvesting or collection (including, for example, water storage by means of a tank or other infrastructure); (ii) recovering water from a water resource not supplied by a reticulated water system; (iii) extracting groundwater or water from the air; and ( b ) treating or recycling the water harvested, collected, recovered or extracted in paragraph ( a ) to obtain drinking water; “drinking water service” means a service that involves — ( a ) drinking water production; and ( b ) supplying to another the drinking water obtained from drinking water production in paragraph ( a ) — (i) by a reticulation system; or (ii) in bulk; “in bulk”, in relation to supply of drinking water, means to supply an amount of drinking water through the use of a vehicle, being an amount exceeding a volume prescribed by any Part 6 Regulations; “network infrastructure” means the pipes, pumps, tanks, equipment and other elements of a reticulation system; “reticulation system” means a network for distributing drinking water, or for monitoring or controlling the distribution of drinking water, to premises for human consumption or use; “supply”, in relation to drinking water, means to make available drinking water either by using a reticulation system or in bulk, and includes — ( a ) to cause or permit the supply of drinking water; and ( b ) to offer to supply drinking water; “water resource” means — ( a ) a river, creek or other natural watercourse (whether modified or not) in which water is contained or flows, whether permanently or from time to time; ( b ) a lake or reservoir; or ( c ) the sea. (2) Despite subsection (1), the term “drinking water service” does not include a service involving — ( a ) the supply of drinking water to a vessel, the supply of which is regulated under the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Act 1996; ( b ) the supply to a Singapore ship of drinking water, the supply of which is regulated under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995; ( c ) the supply by a drinking water producer, of drinking water obtained by the drinking water producer from its drinking water production to the Public Utilities Board, and to no other person; or ( d ) the supply by a person to another of drinking water that has been directly obtained from a drinking water producer subject to this Part, provided that the drinking water from the drinking water producer is not altered or altered to any material degree by the supplier. (3) This Part does not apply to the supply of packaged drinking water, and any reference in this Part to drinking water and its supply does not include a reference to the supply of packaged drinking water.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s115
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 115
title: Offence of supplying unwholesome drinking water
content:
115. —(1) A drinking water producer providing a drinking water service commits an offence if any drinking water supplied in the course of providing that service is unwholesome. (2) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) — ( a ) it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that a person charged knew or had reason to believe that the drinking water is unwholesome; but ( b ) it is a defence to the charge for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person charged took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of the offence by the person charged and by any person under the control of the person charged. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction. (4) For the purposes of this Part, drinking water is unwholesome unless the water — ( a ) conforms to the prescribed requirements in any Part 6 Regulations concerning the quality, purity and general appearance of drinking water; and ( b ) does not, based on any prescribed methodology or assessment in any Part 6 Regulations, contain any contaminant, substance or organism, either alone or in any combination, at a concentration or value that constitutes a potential danger to human health. (5) In subsection (4), “general appearance”, in relation to drinking water, includes the colour and clarity of the water.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s116
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 116
title: Direction for unwholesome drinking water incident, etc.
content:
116. —(1) The Director‑General may, in any of the circumstances described in subsection (2), give a written direction under this section to all or any of the following: ( a ) a proprietor of a food business, whether or not a food business licensee; ( b ) a drinking water producer providing a drinking water service; ( c ) a person who supplies drinking water that has been directly obtained from the Public Utilities Board or another drinking water producer; ( d ) a person who has a duty to control, manage and administer any common property comprising any network infrastructure for distributing drinking water from the Public Utilities Board or another drinking water producer to occupants of premises in a subdivided building; and common property has the meaning given by section 2(1) of the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act 2004. (2) A written direction may be given under subsection (1) where the Director‑General reasonably believes that — ( a ) drinking water supplied, or to be supplied, by a drinking water producer as part of a drinking water service is unwholesome, or may be the means by which an illness is being, has been, or will be, transmitted; or ( b ) a direction is necessary for the purposes of averting, eliminating or minimising a risk, or a perceived risk, to human health among the general public in relation to drinking water. (3) A written direction under subsection (1) may require the person to whom it is addressed to do or not to do any thing reasonably required for the purpose for which the direction is given, including one or more of the following: ( a ) a requirement that the person discontinue, or not start — (i) supplying any drinking water; or (ii) any other specified activity, for a specified period or until further notice is given by an authorised officer; ( b ) a requirement that the person not supply any drinking water or not carry on a specified activity, except subject to specified conditions; ( c ) a requirement that the person take specified action in a specified way, and within a specified period or at specified times or in specified circumstances; ( d ) a requirement that the person take action to prevent, eliminate, minimise or control any specified risk to the general public in relation to drinking water, or to control any specified activity; ( e ) a requirement that the person comply with any standard in any Part 6 Regulations, or any guideline or code in relation to drinking water which is prepared or published by the Agency and referred to in the direction; ( f ) a requirement that the person undertake specified tests or monitoring in relation to drinking water; ( g ) a requirement that the person provide an authorised officer referred to in the direction or to the Agency specified results or reports; ( h ) a requirement that the person prepare, in accordance with specified requirements and to the satisfaction of the Agency, a plan of action to secure compliance with a relevant requirement or to prevent, eliminate, minimise or control any specified risk to human health among the general public in relation to drinking water; ( i ) in the case of a drinking water producer providing a drinking water service, a requirement to notify affected consumers that drinking water supplied by the drinking water producer as part of its drinking water service should be boiled, or treated in some other way, before drinking. (4) Subject to subsection (5), a written direction under subsection (2) takes effect when it is given to the person to whom it is addressed, and continues in force until the earlier of the following occurs: ( a ) the expiry date stated in the direction is reached; ( b ) the Director‑General revokes the direction. (5) Where the Director‑General gives a written direction under subsection (2) requiring a person — ( a ) to discontinue, or not start, supplying any drinking water; or ( b ) to not supply any drinking water except subject to specified conditions, because the Director‑General has reasonable grounds to believe that the direction is necessary or desirable to prevent or control a threat (actual or imminent) to public health or an imminent risk of death or serious illness, that direction takes effect in accordance with subsection (4) but expires on (and including) the 10th day after that date it takes effect. (6) However, the cessation of a written direction under subsection (1) having effect (whether or not by revocation) does not prevent another written direction being made and given by the Director‑General if the Director‑General is satisfied that the circumstances warrant it under subsection (1). (7) A reference in subsection (1) to the Director‑General includes a reference to an authorised officer duly appointed by the Director‑General to act for him or her for the purpose of this section.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s117
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 117
title: Offence of not complying with section 116 direction
content:
117. —(1) A person to whom a section 116 direction is addressed and given commits an offence if the person — ( a ) intentionally carries on an activity in contravention of the direction; ( b ) neglects or refuses to comply with the direction; or ( c ) fails to comply with a condition specified in the direction. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) Subsection (2) does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse. (4) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s118
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 118
title: Persons acting in name of Director‑General
content:
118. A reference in this Part to the Director‑General includes a reference to an authorised officer duly appointed by the Director‑General to act for him or her for the purposes of this Part.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s119
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 119
title: Persons to whom Part 7 directions may be given
content:
119. —(1) Subject to section 130, the Director‑General may give a direction under Division 2 of this Part to all or any of the following, individually or as a class: ( a ) a proprietor of a food business, whether or not a food business licensee; ( b ) a licensed importer under Part 3 of an import‑controlled item other than animal feed; ( c ) a manufacturer or supplier of a regulated food contact article; ( d ) a person carrying on a business of selling or supplying (by wholesale or retail) any regulated food contact article; ( e ) a person in control of, or reasonably appearing to be in control of, food or anything that may become food. (2) The Director‑General may give a direction under Division 3 of this Part to all or any of the following, individually or as a class: ( a ) a producer of an animal feed, whether or not a licensee under Part 11; ( b ) a licensed importer under Part 3 of an animal feed; ( c ) a proprietor of a food business involved in a primary production activity; ( d ) a proprietor of a food business that involves the slaughter of animals to produce meat or meat products; ( e ) a person in control of, or reasonably appearing to be in control of, any animal feed.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s120
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 120
title: Content and effect of Part 7 directions — general
content:
120. —(1) A Part 7 direction is binding on — ( a ) the person to whom it is addressed and given; and ( b ) if applicable, the personal representatives, successors and assignees of the person to whom it is addressed and given, to the same extent as it applies to that person. (2) A Part 7 direction must be in writing, or be confirmed in writing as soon as practicable after being given orally. (3) In making a Part 7 direction, it is not necessary for the Director‑General to give any person who may be affected by the direction a chance to be heard before the direction is given. (4) A Part 7 direction must state — ( a ) whether the person to whom it is given must — (i) advise the Director‑General of the details of the manner in which the person proposes to comply with the direction; (ii) keep information about the matters that are the subject of the direction; (iii) regularly notify the Director‑General about the steps being taken towards compliance with the direction; or (iv) give written notice to the Director‑General when the person has complied with the direction; ( b ) that it is an offence under this Act to fail to comply with the direction; ( c ) that if the person to whom the direction is given fails to comply with it, the Director‑General may carry out the direction; and ( d ) that if the Director‑General carries out the direction, the Agency may recover the costs and expenses reasonably incurred by the Director‑General in carrying out the direction from the person to whom the direction was given. (5) A Part 7 direction may — ( a ) be amended or revoked at any time; and ( b ) be extended or renewed, if the Director‑General is satisfied that the circumstances warrant it. (6) If a person to whom the direction is given fails or refuses to comply with it, the Director‑General may carry out the direction, and the Agency may recover the costs and expenses reasonably incurred by the Director‑General in carrying out the direction as a debt due from the person to whom the direction was given. (7) If satisfied that a Part 7 direction has been complied with, the Director‑General must — ( a ) revoke the direction; and ( b ) give written notice of the revocation in the same manner in which the direction was given or served. (8) Subject to section 141, no compensation is payable in respect of any animal which is destroyed as required by a Part 7 direction.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s121
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 121
title: Service of Part 7 directions
content:
121. —(1) A Part 7 direction that is addressed to a person is sufficiently given — ( a ) if it is given in the manner prescribed in subsection (2) or (3) or section 304; or ( b ) if the name and address of the intended recipient is unknown, when it is affixed to — (i) the food premises concerned, or the premises where the regulated food contact article is manufactured or sold, as the case may be; or (ii) in the case of a direction under Division 3, the food premises concerned, or the premises where the animal feed is produced, as the case may be. (2) A Part 7 direction that is addressed to a class of persons is sufficiently given if it is — ( a ) given to each of the persons in the class in accordance with subsection (1); or ( b ) published both — (i) in a daily newspaper circulating in Singapore, or on radio and on television, or in any other way that, in the opinion of the Director‑General, will be most likely to bring the direction to the attention of the persons who belong to the class; and (ii) on the Agency’s official online location. (3) A Part 7 direction that is addressed to a public authority is sufficiently given if it is given to the chief executive (however called) of the public authority in accordance with section 304(2).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s122
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 122
title: When Part 7 direction takes effect
content:
122. —(1) Subject to subsections (2), (3) and (4), a Part 7 direction takes effect when it is given to the person to whom it is addressed, and continues in force until the earlier of the following occurs: ( a ) the expiry date stated in the direction is reached; ( b ) for a direction under section 130 relating to an individual employed or engaged as a food worker by a food business licensee, the date the individual permanently ceases to be employed or engaged as a food worker by a food business licensee; ( c ) the Director‑General revokes the direction. (2) A Part 7 direction that is given — ( a ) in accordance with section 121(1) takes effect when it is given; ( b ) in accordance with section 121(2)( a ) takes effect when it is given to all the persons in the class in question; and ( c ) in accordance with section 121(2)( b ) takes effect at the beginning of the day after the date on which section 121(2)( b ) has been complied with. (3) However, for a direction under section 123 or 124 if the name and address of the proprietor of the food premises or the food vending machine or other equipment is unknown, the direction takes effect when a copy of it is affixed to a conspicuous part of the premises, food vending machine or other equipment (as the case may be) as ordered under section 123(4)( a ) or 124(4)( a ), whichever being applicable. (4) Where the Director‑General gives — ( a ) a movement control direction under section 125 prohibiting or restricting — (i) any movement or relocation by the recipient of any specified food or primary produce within Singapore or into or out of a stated area in Singapore; or (ii) any undertaking by the recipient of any activity involving the supply of any specified food or primary produce in Singapore; ( b ) a direction under section 128 to recall food that is unsafe or unsuitable or is a defined food, or whose safety or suitability is in doubt; or ( c ) a direction under section 134(1) requiring the recipient to do any thing mentioned in section 134(2)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ), because the Director‑General has reasonable grounds to believe that the direction is necessary or desirable to prevent or control a threat (actual or imminent) to public health or an imminent risk of death or serious illness, or to prevent or control a significant threat (actual or imminent) to supply sources of food for the general public, that direction takes effect in accordance with subsection (2) but expires on (and including) the 10th day after that date it takes effect. (5) However, the cessation of a Part 7 direction under a provision in this Part having effect (whether or not by revocation) does not prevent another Part 7 direction being made and given by the Director‑General if the Director‑General is satisfied that the circumstances warrant it under that same provision. Division 2 &#x2014; Food safety directions


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s123
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 123
title: Direction relating to food premises
content:
123. —(1) The Director‑General may give a direction described in subsection (2) if satisfied (whether or not from the report of an authorised officer or a food inspector) — ( a ) that any food premises is in an unclean or unsanitary condition or in a state of disrepair; ( b ) that the slaughtering of animals to produce meat or meat products or the meat processing is carried on in any food premises in a manner that makes the meat or meat products unsafe or unsuitable, or likely to be unsafe or unsuitable; ( c ) that primary production activity is undertaken in any food premises in a manner that makes the primary produce unsafe, or likely to be unsafe; or ( d ) that any food is supplied or handled in any food premises in a manner that makes the food unsafe or unsuitable, or likely to be unsafe or unsuitable. (2) The Director‑General may direct the proprietor of the food premises to, within a specified time in the direction, do all or any of the following things: ( a ) take steps, to the satisfaction of an authorised officer or a food inspector, for either or both of the following: (i) to put the food premises (including any machinery or equipment in it) into a clean and sanitary condition, which may include disinfection; (ii) to alter or improve the food premises; ( b ) take specified steps to ensure that — (i) any meat or meat products from the slaughtering of animals to produce meat or meat products, or from meat processing in the food premises are not unsafe and not unsuitable; (ii) any primary produce from primary production activity undertaken in the food premises is not unsafe; or (iii) any food supplied or handled in the food premises is not unsafe and not unsuitable. (3) The Director‑General may, in a direction made under this section, direct that until the matters referred to in subsection (2) are complied with, the proprietor of the food premises concerned — ( a ) must stop using those premises, or a specified area of those premises, to carry out such activity mentioned in subsection (2)( b ) as is specified in the direction; or ( b ) must not remove, and must prevent and disallow the removal of, any meat or meat product, primary produce or food specified in the direction from those premises for any purpose except with the prior consent of an authorised officer or a food inspector. (4) If a direction under this section includes a direction under subsection (3)( a ) or ( b ), the Director‑General — ( a ) may order that a copy of the direction be affixed to a conspicuous part of the food premises concerned in such a manner that the direction can be read by a member of the general public from outside those premises; ( b ) may, by notice published in a daily newspaper circulating in Singapore, on radio and on television, or by any other appropriate means, inform the general public that the direction has been made and the terms of the direction; and ( c ) if the Director‑General is not the licensing authority for the premises, must notify the licensing authority of the making of the direction, and any appeal made under Part 12 against the direction and the outcome of the appeal.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s124
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 124
title: Direction for food vending machines and other equipment
content:
124. —(1) This section applies if the Director‑General is satisfied from the report of an authorised officer or a food inspector that — ( a ) a food vending machine is in such an unclean or unsanitary condition as to make any food obtained from the machine unsafe or unsuitable, or likely to be unsafe or unsuitable; or ( b ) an equipment used in — (i) any slaughter of animals to produce meat or meat products; (ii) any manufacturing of food; (iii) any primary production activity; or (iv) the supply or handling of food, is in such an unclean or unsanitary condition or a state of disrepair, as to make the resulting meat or meat products, primary produce or food (as the case may be) unsafe or unsuitable, or likely to be unsafe or unsuitable. (2) The Director‑General may, in a direction given to the owner of the food vending machine or other equipment mentioned in subsection (1), direct the owner to do within a specified time all or any of the following things to the satisfaction of an authorised officer or a food inspector: ( a ) put the food vending machine or other equipment into a clean and sanitary condition, which may include disinfection; ( b ) alter, repair or improve the food vending machine or other equipment. (3) The Director‑General may, in a direction made under this section, further direct that until the matters referred to in subsection (2) are complied with, the owner of the vending machine or other equipment mentioned in subsection (1) concerned — ( a ) must stop using, and must prevent and disallow the use of, the food vending machine; or ( b ) must stop using, and must prevent and disallow the use of, the other equipment in connection with any slaughter of animals to produce meat or meat products, any meat processing, any primary production activity or any supply or handling of food, as is specified in the direction. (4) If the Director‑General makes a direction that includes a further direction under subsection (3), the Director‑General — ( a ) may order that a copy of the direction be affixed to a conspicuous part of the food vending machine or other equipment concerned in such a manner that the direction can be read by an individual who may intend to use the food vending machine or other equipment; and ( b ) if the Director‑General is not the licensing authority for the food vending machine or other equipment, must notify the licensing authority of the making of the direction, and any appeal made under Part 12 against either direction and the outcome of the appeal. (5) Except with the express approval of an authorised officer, a person must not remove the copy of a direction affixed under subsection (4)( a ) to a food vending machine or other equipment while that direction remains in force.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s125
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 125
title: Direction to deal with hazard or source of contamination
content:
125. —(1) Where the Director‑General — ( a ) reasonably suspects (whether or not from the report of an authorised officer or a food inspector) the existence of a hazard or a source of contamination that may adversely affect — (i) any primary produce or food; (ii) any live food producing animal or other thing that may become food; or (iii) any regulated food contact article; and ( b ) is satisfied on reasonable grounds that a direction under section 126 or 127 is necessary to minimise, manage or eradicate, over a limited period or over an indefinite period, the risk to human health created by the suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination, the Director‑General may give a direction described in section 126 (called a movement control direction), a direction described in section 127 (called a declaration direction), or both those directions, to any person described in section 119(1). (2) In this section and sections 126 and 127 — “biosecurity carrier” means any animal or plant, or part of any animal or plant, or any other thing — ( a ) that is capable of moving a biosecurity matter attached to, or contained in, the animal, plant or other thing from a place to another place; ( b ) that contains a biosecurity matter that may attach to or enter another animal or plant, or part of another animal or plant, or another thing; or ( c ) that — (i) is infected with a disease or is reasonably believed to be infected with disease; or (ii) may have been in contact with another animal or bird which is infected with disease, or may have been exposed to disease, but excludes a human or part of a human; “biosecurity matter” means — ( a ) a living thing, other than a human or part of a human; ( b ) a pathogen that can cause disease in — (i) an animal; or (ii) a human, by the transmission of the pathogen from an animal to the human; or ( c ) a disease; “hazard” means an adverse or injurious health effect on humans that arises or may have the potential to arise from any of the following: ( a ) a biosecurity matter, a chemical substance or other matter that — (i) is in primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article; (ii) has the potential to be in primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article; (iii) is a condition of primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article; or (iv) has the potential to affect the condition of primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article; ( b ) a biosecurity carrier; ( c ) a dealing with a biosecurity matter or a biosecurity carrier; ( d ) a plant pesticide or a residue thereof; ( e ) a failure to comply with an applicable requirement of this Act relating to the slaughter of animals to produce meat or meat products, meat processing, primary production activity, or the supplying or handling of food; “manage”, in relation to the risk to human health from a hazard or a source of contamination, includes prevent or control the transmission or spread of the hazard or contamination; “movement”, in relation to any thing or individual, includes — ( a ) the transport of the thing by any conveyance; ( b ) the deployment of equipment in more than one premises; and ( c ) the deployment of the individual to work or attend in person in more than one premises or workplaces; “thing” — ( a ) means a thing, whether alive, dead or inanimate; and ( b ) includes a human.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s126
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 126
title: Movement control direction — content
content:
126. —(1) Every movement control direction must include reference to — ( a ) the suspected hazard or suspected source of contamination, such as (but not limited to) — (i) a thing or an activity; (ii) a particular premises (where, for example, there may be contamination from the land or the environment); or (iii) a particular person, or a particular food business or a specified class of food businesses (where, for example, the contamination may have been caused by a human act or omission); and ( b ) the area or areas in Singapore to which the movement or related controls in the movement control direction apply. (2) Every movement control direction must state the movement or related controls, which may relate to all or any of the following: ( a ) any activity involving — (i) any slaughter of animals to produce meat or meat products; (ii) any meat processing; (iii) any primary production activity; (iv) any supply or handling of food; or (v) any manufacturing, or supply or use, of a regulated food contact article for use with food; ( b ) any premises; ( c ) any food; ( d ) any live food producing animal or other thing that may become food, whether or not a biosecurity carrier; ( e ) any food business; ( f ) any regulated food contact article, or any thing that may become a regulated food contact article; ( g ) any food worker; ( h ) any biosecurity matter; ( i ) any thing else that the Director‑General suspects relates to the suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination. (3) The movement or related controls in a movement control direction may — ( a ) prohibit or restrict the movement or relocation of any thing described in subsection (2) within Singapore or into or out of or within a stated area in Singapore; ( b ) prohibit or restrict the completion of a movement or relocation of a type mentioned in paragraph ( a ) if the movement or relocation is already in progress when the direction under this section is made; ( c ) prohibit or restrict the undertaking of an activity described in subsection (2) within a stated area in Singapore; ( d ) require the taking of specific actions — (i) to confirm the presence, or find out the extent of the presence, in the area to which the direction applies, of the suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination to which the direction relates; (ii) to confirm the absence, in the area to which the direction applies, of the suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination to which the direction relates; (iii) to monitor the effects of measures taken to minimise, manage or eradicate the risk to human health; or (iv) to monitor compliance with any prohibition or restriction in paragraph ( a ), ( b ) or ( c ) which is imposed by the direction; or ( e ) require the taking of specific actions or measures as are reasonably necessary to minimise, manage or eradicate the risk to human health created by the suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination. (4) A movement control direction may also — ( a ) direct the keeping of information about the matters that are the subject of the direction; ( b ) direct the provision of reports to the Director‑General about the matters that are the subject of the direction; and ( c ) direct the person to whom the direction is given to notify the Director‑General when — (i) the hazard, or source of contamination, has been identified; (ii) the hazard, or source of contamination, has been minimised or eradicated; or (iii) no hazard, or source of contamination, has been identified.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s127
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 127
title: Declaration direction — content
content:
127. —(1) Every declaration direction must include reference to the suspected hazard or suspected source of contamination, such as (but not limited to) — ( a ) a thing or an activity; ( b ) a particular premises (where, for example, there may be contamination from the land or the environment); or ( c ) a particular person, or a particular food business or a specified class of food businesses (where, for example, the contamination may have been caused by a human act or omission). (2) Every declaration direction must state the information the person to whom the direction is given must complete and give to the Director‑General, which may relate to all or any of the following information: ( a ) matters relating to the history of the primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article in question, including, if appropriate — (i) identification or details of any owner or previous owner of the primary produce, food or regulated food contact article in question, or any person who presented or supplied it to the person required to make the declaration; and (ii) identification or details of the area or place where the primary produce, food or regulated food contact article in question was kept, or was taken or procured from, and any surrounding area or place at which it was stored; ( b ) matters relating to treatments or applications applied by way of veterinary drugs or agricultural compounds during production of the primary produce or food in question; ( c ) information relating to the feeding of an animal, if the primary produce or food in question contains an animal product; ( d ) information relating to the possible exposure of the primary produce, food or regulated food contact article in question to hazards; ( e ) the place the primary produce, food or regulated food contact article in question is being moved from, the place it is being moved to, and any previous place it has been moved from; ( f ) matters relating to the movement of the primary produce, food or regulated food contact article in question. (3) Every declaration direction must also state that the information must be completed and given to the Director‑General within a reasonable period specified in that direction. (4) To avoid doubt, this does not affect any duties imposed under Part 2, Division 7 of Part 3, Division 3 of Part 4 and Subdivision (2) of Division 2 of Part 11.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s128
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 128
title: Direction to recall food or regulated food contact article
content:
128. —(1) The Director‑General may give a direction in subsection (2) to any person described in section 119(1) — ( a ) for the purpose of examining, rectifying, controlling or disposing of food or a regulated food contact article, after taking into account any relevant information or warnings about the food or regulated food contact article that the Director‑General has received from any authorised officer or food inspector, any international organisation or any foreign food authority; or ( b ) if the Director‑General has reasonable grounds to believe that the direction is necessary to prevent or reduce the likelihood of physical harm being caused to humans or to mitigate the adverse consequences of that likelihood. (2) The direction is any of the following: ( a ) to recall food that is unsafe or unsuitable or is a defined food, or whose safety or suitability is in doubt; ( b ) to recall a regulated food contact article that has, when used with food, caused food to be no longer safe or suitable, or for which there is doubt about whether food remains safe or suitable when the regulated food contact article is used with food; ( c ) to recall a regulated food contact article if there is doubt about whether it may contaminate food; ( d ) to recall food or a regulated food contact article that is mislabelled or incorrectly identified; ( e ) to take food or a regulated food contact article recalled under paragraph ( a ), ( b ), ( c ) or ( d ) to — (i) any premises specified in the direction; or (ii) any premises agreed to between the Director‑General and the person to whom the direction is given. (3) A direction to recall food or a regulated food contact article may specify the manner in which, and must specify the period within which, the recall is to be conducted and completed. (4) A person who is required by a direction to recall food or a regulated food contact article must give written notice to the Director‑General of the completion of the recall as soon as practicable after that completion. (5) If a person to whom the direction is given fails or refuses to comply with it — ( a ) the Director‑General may take any reasonable steps necessary to ensure control of the food or regulated food contact article; and ( b ) the Agency may recover the costs and expenses reasonably incurred by the Director‑General in ensuring control of the food or regulated food contact article as a debt due from the person to whom the direction was given. (6) This section does not prevent the Director‑General exercising his or her power under section 129, 131 or 132.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s129
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 129
title: Direction to manage food, regulated food contact article, etc.
content:
129. —(1) The Director‑General may give a direction in subsection (2) to any person described in section 119(1) if the Director‑General — ( a ) reasonably believes — (i) that food or a regulated food contact article which is already the subject of a direction under section 126 is unsafe or unsuitable, or is a defined food, and further controls are required; or (ii) that a live food producing animal, which is already the subject of a movement control direction, is a biosecurity carrier; or ( b ) recalls food or a regulated food contact article under section 128. (2) The direction may be about doing or not doing all or any of the following to the food, regulated food contact article or live food producing animal: ( a ) condemning or destroying it; ( b ) disposing of or re‑exporting it; ( c ) identifying it; ( d ) processing and handling it or re-processing it; ( e ) labelling or relabelling it; ( f ) storing it; ( g ) transporting it; ( h ) examining, sampling or testing it; ( i ) advertising or selling it.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s130
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 130
title: Direction relating to food workers in licensable food business
content:
130. —(1) Where the Director‑General reasonably believes that — ( a ) an individual who is a food business licensee carrying on a licensable food business; or ( b ) an individual employed or engaged as a food worker by a food business licensee in connection with a licensable food business carried on by the licensee, is engaging or has engaged in conduct, in the course of carrying on that licensable food business, that is a contravention of or that constitutes non‑compliance with an applicable requirement of this Act relating to the handling of food intended for supply, the Director‑General may give a direction described in subsection (2) or (3) to all or any of the following: ( c ) the food business licensee who is a proprietor of the licensable food business (whether or not an individual); ( d ) the individual; ( e ) any other individual employed or engaged as a food worker by the food business licensee in connection with the same licensable food business. (2) A direction under this section may require — ( a ) a particular individual or particular individuals employed or engaged as a food worker or food workers in connection with a licensable food business to do one or more of the following within a period stated in the direction: (i) to stop handling food in the course of the licensable food business; (ii) to undergo training or retraining in food safety and food handling specified by the Director‑General, and be assessed as competent in each subject of the training or retraining; (iii) to alter or improve the method of handling of food by that individual while in the course of the licensable food business; or ( b ) a food business licensee to do one or more of the following within a period stated in the direction: (i) to take specified steps to change or improve the method of handling food by food workers in the course of carrying on the licensee’s licensable food business; (ii) to stop one or more individuals handling food in the course of the licensee’s licensable food business if the individual is given a direction described in subsection (3), until the individual complies with the direction he or she is given. (3) A direction under this section may also require a particular individual as follows: ( a ) to stop handling food in the course of a licensable food business unless or until he or she — (i) is diagnosed by a medical practitioner as not suffering from a prescribed infectious disease or other condition that is liable to render food handled as unsafe or unsuitable; or (ii) is immunised against a prescribed infectious disease; ( b ) to engage in conduct, or to refrain from engaging in conduct, specified in a direction relating to his or her personal hygiene and health practices when handling food as a food worker employed or engaged in a licensable food business, including (but not limited to) — (i) not expectorating; (ii) wearing an attire or accessory for the purpose of protecting food that he or she handles against contamination; and (iii) ensuring that the individual is, or his or her clothing is kept, in a clean and sanitary condition. (4) A direction under this section must be for all or any of the following purposes: ( a ) to ensure the continued competence of a particular individual or particular individuals employed or engaged as a food worker or food workers in a licensable food business in handling food in such a way that does not make the food unsafe or unsuitable, or likely to be unsafe or unsuitable; ( b ) to minimise or prevent the future personal conduct of a particular individual or particular individuals that makes or is likely to make food unsafe or unsuitable when the individual is or individuals are employed or engaged as a food worker or food workers in a licensable food business. (5) An individual who is registered as a food worker by the Agency ceases to be registered when the registration expires or a direction is earlier given to the individual under this section.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s131
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 131
title: Direction to publish statement
content:
131. —(1) The Director‑General may give to persons described in section 119(1) a direction to publish in Singapore a statement to the general public, or to a class of persons specified in the direction, for the purpose of protecting the general public or class of persons, as the case may be. (2) The Director‑General may specify that the statement must include all or any of the following: ( a ) the nature of the problem, including (where applicable) — (i) the particular food or kind of food or regulated food contact article to be recalled or disposed of; (ii) the reasons why the food or regulated food contact article is considered to be unsafe; and (iii) the circumstances in which the consumption of the food is unsafe; ( b ) the remedy that the person will provide; ( c ) the way or ways in which the person will prevent the problem from arising in future. (3) The Director‑General may specify the actual words to be used in the statement or any part of it. (4) The Director‑General may specify all or any of the following: ( a ) who must publish the statement; ( b ) where the statement must be published; ( c ) the date on which the statement must be published. (5) Statements published in accordance with this section are protected by absolute privilege.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s132
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 132
title: Privileged statements
content:
132. —(1) The Agency may publish in Singapore a statement for the purpose of protecting human health or informing the general public. (2) The statement may be about all or any of the following: ( a ) the safety or suitability of food or a regulated food contact article; ( b ) anything contained or implied in advertisements about food or a regulated food contact article, generally or in a particular advertisement, or in a class or classes of advertisements; ( c ) the performance or non‑performance of any function or duty imposed on any person by any provision of this Act. (3) The statement is protected by qualified privilege. (4) This is not a delegable function of the Agency.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s133
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 133
title: General preventative or corrective action direction
content:
133. —(1) Without limiting any other provision in this Division, the Director‑General may give a direction in subsection (2) to any of the persons described in section 119(1) if the Director‑General is satisfied (whether or not from the report of an authorised officer or a food inspector) that an applicable requirement of this Act with respect to primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article is or has been contravened or not complied with. (2) The direction must be about the taking of preventative or corrective action in respect of primary produce, food or a regulated food contact article that the Director‑General reasonably believes is necessary to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Act. Division 3 &#x2014; Animal feed and primary production directions


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s134
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 134
title: Direction to impose movement controls, etc., for animal feed
content:
134. —(1) The directions mentioned in sections 123, 124 and 125 may be given by the Director‑General under this section in relation to an animal feed if the Director‑General — ( a ) reasonably suspects (whether or not from the report of an authorised officer or a food inspector) the existence of a hazard or a source of contamination that may affect the animal feed; and ( b ) is satisfied on reasonable grounds that any such direction is necessary to minimise, manage or eradicate, over a limited period or over an extended or indefinite period, the risk to health of any food producing animals created by the suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination. (2) For the purpose of this section, sections 123, 124 and 125 apply as follows: ( a ) any reference in those sections to food must be read as a reference to animal feed; ( b ) any reference in those sections to equipment used in meat processing, in any primary production activity or in the supply or handling of food must be read as a reference to equipment used in the production of animal feed; ( c ) any reference in those sections to meat processing, primary production activity or supplying or handling food must be read as a reference to producing animal feed; ( d ) any reference in those sections to unsafe food, unsuitable food, or food likely to be unsafe or unsuitable must be read as a reference to animal feed that is not fit for purpose or is likely to be not fit for purpose; ( e ) any reference in the definition of “hazard” in section 125(2) to an adverse or injurious health effect on humans must be read as a reference to an adverse or injurious health effect on any food producing animals.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s135
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 135
title: Direction to recall animal feed
content:
135. —(1) The Director‑General may give a direction in subsection (2) to any person described in section 119(2) — ( a ) for the purpose of examining, rectifying, controlling or disposing of any animal feed, after taking into account any relevant information or warnings about the animal feed being not fit for purpose that the Director‑General has received from any authorised officer or food inspector, any international organisation or any foreign food authority; and ( b ) if the Director‑General has reasonable grounds to believe that the direction is necessary — (i) to prevent or reduce the possibility of a serious danger to the health of any food producing animals; or (ii) to mitigate the adverse consequences of a serious danger to the health of any food producing animals. (2) The direction is any of the following: ( a ) to recall an animal feed that is not fit for purpose, or whose fitness for purpose is in doubt; ( b ) to recall an animal feed that is mislabelled or incorrectly identified; ( c ) to take an animal feed recalled under paragraph ( a ) or ( b ) to — (i) any premises specified in the direction; or (ii) any premises agreed to between the Director‑General and the person to whom the direction is given. (3) A direction to recall an animal feed may specify the manner in which, and must specify the period within which, the recall is to be conducted and completed. (4) A person who is required by a direction to recall an animal feed must give written notice to the Director‑General of the completion of the recall as soon as practicable after that completion. (5) If a person to whom the direction to recall is given fails or refuses to comply with it — ( a ) the Director‑General may take any reasonable steps necessary to ensure control of the animal feed; and ( b ) the Agency may recover the costs and expenses reasonably incurred by the Director‑General in assuming control of the animal feed as a debt due from the person to whom the direction was given. (6) This section does not prevent the Director‑General exercising his or her power under section 136.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s136
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 136
title: Direction to manage animal feed
content:
136. —(1) The Director‑General may give a direction in subsection (2) to any person described in section 119(2) if the Director‑General — ( a ) reasonably believes that an animal feed that is already the subject of a direction under section 134 containing movement or related controls, is not fit for purpose, and further controls are required; or ( b ) recalls an animal feed under section 135. (2) The direction may be about doing or not doing any of the following to the animal feed: ( a ) condemning or destroying it; ( b ) disposing of or re-exporting it; ( c ) identifying it; ( d ) processing and handling it or re‑processing it; ( e ) labelling or relabelling it; ( f ) storing it; ( g ) transporting it; ( h ) sampling or testing it; ( i ) advertising or selling it.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s137
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 137
title: Direction to address threats to primary production, etc.
content:
137. —(1) The Director‑General may give a biosecurity direction in subsection (2) to any person described in section 119(2) if the Director‑General considers that — ( a ) an event — (i) has happened or is happening; and (ii) has had or is having an adverse effect on — (A) the production of primary produce in any part of Singapore; or (B) the health of food producing animals or to their habitats in any part of Singapore; ( b ) the event was or is being caused by, or may be or may have been caused by a biosecurity matter; and ( c ) it is necessary to exercise powers under this section to mitigate or prevent a significant threat or likely significant threat to securing or maintaining consumer confidence in supply sources of safe and suitable food for the general public. (2) A direction under this section may require the recipient to do all or any of the following, at stated premises within the part of Singapore mentioned in subsection (1)( a )(ii) and within a stated period of time: ( a ) prohibit or restrict the movement or relocation of any biosecurity matter or biosecurity carrier — (i) out of or within the stated premises; or (ii) into the stated premises; ( b ) prohibit or restrict the completion of a movement or relocation of a type mentioned in paragraph ( a ) if the movement or relocation is already in progress when the direction under this section is made; ( c ) isolate a biosecurity matter or a biosecurity carrier at the stated premises in a stated way; ( d ) cull or otherwise destroy, or cause the culling or destruction of, a biosecurity matter or a biosecurity carrier at the stated premises in a stated way; ( e ) dispose of a biosecurity matter or a biosecurity carrier in a stated way, including by burning or burying it or by depositing it at a place where waste is deposited or disposed of; ( f ) treat in a stated way, or refrain from treating, a biosecurity carrier of a biosecurity matter so as to control the biosecurity matter, or to stop the spread or lessen the risk of the spread of the biosecurity matter; Illustration Vaccinate animals not culled. ( g ) clean or disinfect the stated premises, or part of the stated premises, an individual at those premises, or anything on the individual or a biosecurity carrier at those premises, in a stated way; ( h ) stop or restrict using the stated premises, or part of the stated premises, for a stated purpose or a stated period, or until a stated action is taken; ( i ) take such measures as are reasonably necessary or desirable to prevent the further introduction or spread of any biosecurity matter which is the subject of the direction. Illustration To keep daily records about the movement of animals not culled. (3) In addition, the Director‑General may direct a food business licensee undertaking any primary production activity — ( a ) to revise the licensee’s farm management plan to prevent or mitigate any significant hazard relating to the primary production activity, or to food producing animals or to their habitats; and ( b ) to submit the revised farm management plan for acceptance by the Agency. (4) In this section — “movement”, in relation to any thing, includes — ( a ) the transport of the thing by any conveyance; and ( b ) the deployment of equipment in more than one premises; “thing” means a thing, whether alive, dead or inanimate.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s138
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 138
title: General preventative or corrective action direction
content:
138. The Director‑General may give a direction to the persons described in section 119(2) about the taking of preventative or corrective action in respect of — ( a ) the primary production activity; or ( b ) the production of animal feed, that the Director‑General reasonably believes is necessary to ensure compliance with an applicable requirement of this Act with respect to that primary production activity or that production of animal feed. Division 4 &#x2014; Miscellaneous


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s139
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 139
title: Non-compliance with Part 7 direction
content:
139. —(1) A person to whom a Part 7 direction (except a declaration direction) is addressed and given commits an offence if the person — ( a ) carries on an activity in contravention of the direction; ( b ) neglects or refuses to comply with the direction; or ( c ) fails to comply with a condition specified in the direction. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) Where any information which is required by a declaration direction to be given to the Director‑General is not given or is not given within the time delimited under section 127(3), then the person given the direction shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (5) Subsections (1) and (4) do not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse. (6) The ordinary meaning of “reasonable excuse” is affected by sections 258 and 259.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s140
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 140
title: Tampering with affixed copy of Part 7 direction
content:
140. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person — ( a ) intentionally removes or causes to be removed; ( b ) intentionally alters or causes to be altered; or ( c ) intentionally defaces or causes to be defaced, a copy of any direction that is affixed to any premises, food vending machine or other equipment under section 121(1)( b ) or as ordered under section 123(4)( a ) or 124(4)( a ), while that direction remains in force. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s141
chapter: PART 6 - PROVISION OF NON-PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
section: 141
title: Compensation
content:
141. —(1) A person bound by a Part 7 direction who suffers loss as a result of the making of the direction may apply to the Agency for compensation if the person considers that there were insufficient grounds for the making of the direction. (2) If there were insufficient grounds for the making of the Part 7 direction, the Agency is to pay just and reasonable compensation to the applicant. (3) The Director‑General must give written notice of the Agency’s determination as to the payment of compensation under this section to each applicant for the payment of compensation. (4) If the Agency has not determined an application for compensation under this section within 28 days after receiving the application, the Agency is taken to have refused to pay any compensation. (5) An applicant for the payment of compensation under this section who is dissatisfied with a determination by the Agency as to the refusal to pay compensation or as to the amount of compensation may apply to the District Court for a review of the determination — ( a ) within 28 days after the day on which notification of the determination was received; or ( b ) in a case to which subsection (4) applies, within 28 days after the end of the 28‑day period referred to in that subsection. (6) If the amount of compensation sought exceeds the jurisdictional limit of the District Court, the application under subsection (5) is to be made to the General Division of the High Court.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s142
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 142
title: Application of Part 8
content:
142. It does not matter in this Part that the food concerned was supplied or intended for supply outside Singapore. Meaning of “hazardous food contact article” 143. In this Part, a “hazardous food contact article” means a food contact article that, if used for the purposes for which it was designed or intended to be used — ( a ) would render or be likely to render food unsuitable; or ( b ) would put another food contact article, or would be likely to put another food contact article, in such a condition that, if the other food contact article were used for the purposes for which it was designed or intended to be used, the other food contact article would render, or be likely to render, food unsuitable. Division 2 &#x2014; Offences Handling food in unsafe manner 144. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person handles any food intended for supply in a way that the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, makes, will make, or is likely to make, the food unsafe. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $25,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 24 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $50,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $100,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under subsection (1); or (ii) under section 20 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 19 of that Act. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (3)( b )(ii) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. Handling food in unsafe manner — strict liability 145. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person handles any food intended for supply in a way that makes, will make, or is likely to make, the food unsafe. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). Supplying unsafe food 146. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person supplies any food that the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, is unsafe. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $25,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 24 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $50,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $100,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under subsection (1); (ii) under section 41A of the Environmental Public Health Act 1987 for contravening section 40(1) of that Act; (iii) under section 20 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 15 of that Act; or (iv) under section 23(2) of the Wholesome Meat and Fish Act 1999 involving any meat or fish product for which is diseased, adulterated or unfit for human consumption. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (3)( b )(ii), (iii) or (iv) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. Supplying unsafe food — strict liability 147. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person supplies any food that is unsafe. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). Handling food making it unsuitable 148. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person handles any food intended for supply in a way that the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, makes, will make, or is likely to make, the food unsuitable. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under subsection (1); or (ii) under section 20 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 19 of that Act. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (3)( b )(ii) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. (5) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe. Handling food making it unsuitable — strict liability 149. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person handles any food intended for supply in a way that makes, will make, or is likely to make, the food unsuitable. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $8,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $15,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe. (5) In this section, “handle”, in relation to food, excludes the following: ( a ) transporting or delivering the food; ( b ) supervising the transporting or delivering of food by another individual. Supplying unsuitable food 150. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies any food; and ( b ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the food is unsuitable food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under subsection (1); or (ii) under section 20 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 15 of that Act. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (3)( b )(ii) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. (5) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe. Supplying unsuitable food — strict liability 151. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person supplies any unsuitable food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $8,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $15,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s152
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 152
title: Handling food making it defined food
content:
152. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person handles any food intended for supply in a way that the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, makes, will make, or is likely to make, the food a defined food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s153
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 153
title: Handling food making it defined food — strict liability
content:
153. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person handles any food intended for supply in a way that makes, will make, or is likely to make, the food a defined food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $8,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $15,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe. Unsafe primary produce from primary production activity 154. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person undertakes any primary production activity; ( b ) the primary produce resulting from the primary production activity is unsafe; and ( c ) the person, when undertaking the primary production activity, knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that the primary produce resulting from that primary production activity would or would likely be unsafe. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $25,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 24 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $50,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $100,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). Unsafe primary produce from primary production activity — strict liability 155. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person undertakes any primary production activity resulting in primary produce that is unsafe. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). Producing primary produce that is unsuitable food 156. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person undertakes any primary production activity; ( b ) the primary produce resulting from the primary production activity is unsuitable food; and ( c ) the person, when undertaking the primary production activity, knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that the primary produce resulting from that primary production activity would or would likely be unsuitable food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the primary produce concerned is safe. Producing primary produce that is unsuitable food — strict liability 157. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person undertakes any primary production activity resulting in primary produce that is unsuitable food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $8,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $15,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the primary produce concerned is safe.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s158
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 158
title: Producing primary produce that is defined food
content:
158. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person undertakes any primary production activity; ( b ) the primary produce resulting from the primary production activity is a defined food; and ( c ) the person, when undertaking the primary production activity, knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that the primary produce resulting from that primary production activity would or would likely be a defined food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the primary produce concerned is safe. (5) Subsection (1) does not apply if the defined food is not made available for consumption as food by the general public.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s159
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 159
title: Producing primary produce that is defined food — strict liability
content:
159. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person undertakes any primary production activity, resulting in primary produce that is a defined food. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $8,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $15,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the primary produce concerned is safe. (5) Subsection (1) does not apply if the defined food is not made available for consumption as food by the general public. Supplying food imported for private consumption 160. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies any food; ( b ) the food is none of the following: (i) a prohibited food; (ii) a food of higher regulatory concern mentioned in section 44(4); ( c ) the food was imported; ( d ) the food was imported on the basis that it was for private consumption only; and ( e ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the food was imported on the basis that it was for private consumption only. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). Supplying food imported for private consumption — strict liability 161. —(1) A person shall be guilty of an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies any food; ( b ) the food is none of the following: (i) a prohibited food; (ii) a food of higher regulatory concern mentioned in section 44(4); ( c ) the food was imported; and ( d ) the food was imported on the basis that it was for private consumption only. (2) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. Supplying hazardous food contact article 162. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies an object in the course of a business; ( b ) the object is a hazardous food contact article; and ( c ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the object is a hazardous food contact article. (2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $25,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 24 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $50,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $100,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). Supplying hazardous food contact article — strict liability 163. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person supplies an object in the course of a business; and ( b ) the object is a hazardous food contact article. (2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). Division 3 &#x2014; Defences


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s164
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 164
title: General defence of due diligence
content:
164. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under this Part involving a food or a regulated food contact article, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the commission of the offence was due to — (i) an act or omission of another person; or (ii) an accident or some other cause outside the control of the person charged; and ( b ) the person charged took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence by the person, or by another person under the control of the person charged. (2) In subsection (1)( a ), another person does not include a person who was at the time of the commission of the offence — ( a ) an employee or agent of the person charged; or ( b ) if the person charged is an entity, an officer of the entity. (3) However, this defence does not apply if the person charged imported the food or regulated food contact article. (4) This section is additional to any other defence available to the defendant under the Good Samaritan Food Donation Act 2024 apart from this section.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s165
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 165
title: Defence in respect of handling food
content:
165. In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 144, 145, 148, 149, 152 or 153, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person charged caused the food to which the offence relates to be destroyed or otherwise disposed of immediately after the food was handled in the manner that was likely to render it unsafe or unsuitable or a defined food. Defence of relying on warranty, etc. 166. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 146, 147, 150, 151, 162 or 163 involving a food or a food contact article, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the person charged bought the food or food contact article from another person ( P ) in reliance on a written statement as to the nature of the food or a food contact article that was given by or on behalf of P ; ( b ) the supply of the food or food contact article would not have constituted the offence with which the person charged is charged if the food or food contact article (as the case may be) had in fact conformed to the written statement; ( c ) when the person charged supplied the food or food contact article, it was in the same condition as it was when the person charged bought it; and ( d ) at the time of the commission of the offence — (i) a reasonable person would have had no reason to suspect that the food or food contact article (as the case may be) did not conform to the written statement; and (ii) the person charged had no reason to believe the written statement to be inaccurate and the person charged did in fact believe in its accuracy. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), in a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 146, 147, 150 or 151 involving a food, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the person charged bought the food in a package and supplied it in the same package and in the same condition as it was in when the person charged bought it; and ( b ) the person charged could not reasonably have found out that supplying the food would constitute the offence with which the person is charged. (3) The defence under subsection (1) is only available if the person charged, not later than 14 clear days before the date of the hearing — ( a ) gives the prosecution written notice of the intention of the person charged to rely on the written statement together with a copy of the written statement; and ( b ) gives a copy of the written notice in paragraph ( a ) to P and informs P that the person charged intends to rely on the written statement. (4) P (the person by whom the written statement is alleged to have been given by or on behalf of) is entitled to appear at the hearing and to give evidence. Defence in respect of food for export 167. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 146, 147, 150 or 151 involving a food, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the food in question is to be exported to another country; and ( b ) the food complies with the laws (if any) in force at the time of the alleged offence in the country to which the food is to be exported, being laws that deal with the same subject matter as the provision of this Act is concerned. (2) This section does not apply to food that was originally intended for export but was supplied in Singapore. Defence in respect of hazardous food contact article 168. In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 162 or 163, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person charged reasonably believed that the food contact article concerned was not intended for use in connection with the handling of food.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s169
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 169
title: Defence for offence by employer
content:
169. —(1) If an employee commits an offence under this Part, his or her employer is taken to have committed the same offence. (2) An employer may be proceeded against and convicted under a provision in this Part pursuant to this section whether or not the employee has been proceeded against or been convicted under that provision. (3) In proceedings against an employer by virtue of subsection (1) for an offence under this Part, it is a defence for the employer who is charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the employer could not, by the exercise of due diligence, have prevented the commission of the offence.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s170
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 170
title: Liability of employees and agents
content:
170. —(1) Except as provided by subsection (2), it is no defence in proceedings for an offence under this Part that the person charged was, at the time of the commission of the offence, an employee or agent of another person. (2) In any proceedings for an offence under this Part, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person was under the personal supervision of — ( a ) the proprietor of the food business in relation to which the offence was committed; ( b ) the owner or person in charge of the premises, in relation to which the offence was committed; or ( c ) another person representing that proprietor, owner or person in charge.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s171
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 171
title: Non-defences
content:
171. —(1) For the purposes of this Act — ( a ) it is not a defence to allege that the person instituting the prosecution is not the person who caused any analysis to be made for the purposes of the prosecution; and ( b ) where the prosecution or proceeding relates to any food purchased for analysis, it is not a defence that the part of the food retained for future comparison has from spontaneous natural causes deteriorated, perished or undergone a material change in its constitution. (2) It is not a defence that the purchaser bought any food or appliance for analysis or examination and therefore was not prejudiced. (3) Section 26H(4) of the Penal Code 1871 does not apply in relation to a strict liability offence under this Part.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s172
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 172
title: Definitions for Part 9
content:
172. In this Part — “non‑communicable disease of public health interest” means a non‑communicable disease determined under section 173; “Part 9 offence” means an offence under any subsidiary legislation made under section 174; “population” means the population in Singapore; “target food”, in relation to a non‑communicable disease of public health interest, means one or more identifiable foods the consumption of which contributes, or might, based on the available scientific evidence, contribute, to the occurrence of a non‑communicable disease of public health interest.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s173
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 173
title: Non-communicable disease of public health interest
content:
173. —(1) The Minister may determine a disease as a non‑communicable disease of public health interest where the Minister is satisfied — ( a ) that one or more identifiable foods consumed contributes to the occurrence of that disease; and ( b ) that the disease — (i) is likely to adversely affect the health of the population over a period of time; (ii) causes or is likely to cause significant chronic disease, disability or mortality in the population; (iii) interferes with or is inconsistent with the goals of public health; or (iv) is associated with poor health outcomes in the population. (2) A determination under subsection (1) may be made after consulting the Director‑General of Health. (3) Once a determination is made under subsection (1), the Minister must cause to be published a notice of the making of the determination without delay either — ( a ) in the Gazette ; or ( b ) in any other manner that will secure adequate publicity for the fact of making of the determination. (4) However, failure to publish a notice under subsection (3) in respect of any determination does not invalidate the determination. (5) A determination made under subsection (1) may be revoked at any time by the Minister; and the Minister must cause the giving of notice of the revocation in the same manner in which the notice of the making of the determination was first given.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s174
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 174
title: Part 9 Regulations
content:
174. —(1) The Minister may make regulations in relation to — ( a ) one or more identifiable foods which are target foods related to the occurrence of a non‑communicable disease of public health interest, for the purpose of preventing or reducing the occurrence of that disease in Singapore; ( b ) any identifiable foods, for the purpose of informing individuals adequately about the food, and influencing and assisting them, to make food choices affecting their health and wellbeing and that of their families; or ( c ) the advertising of identifiable food or how it is promoted for sale, for the purpose of promoting public health. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), those regulations may — ( a ) prohibit the import of target foods or restrict the import of any food; ( b ) restrict or prohibit the way target foods are manufactured, prepared, distributed or supplied, or used in the manufacture or preparation of other foods, including the composition, contents and additives of those target foods; ( c ) restrict or prohibit the way the general public, or certain members of the general public, may acquire or obtain access to target food; ( d ) restrict or prohibit the content used in advertising or labelling of food for supply, including (but not limited to) — (i) requiring, or prohibiting, specified content in any advertisement or label relating to that food; and (ii) prescribing the form of the content required under sub‑paragraph (i), including (but not limited to) its size and colour, or the size, colour and font type of the content and how it is displayed; ( e ) require warnings to be included in content used in advertising, or content of labels, relating to target foods for supply, including — (i) requiring a warning label that is intended to inform the general public of the danger of a link between consuming a target food and the non‑communicable disease of public health interest; and (ii) prescribing the form of the warning required under sub‑paragraph (i), including (but not limited to) its size and colour, or the size, colour and font type of the warning, or the size, colour and font type of the content, and how it is displayed; ( f ) require the placement or display (including in a menu) at food premises in connection with the sale of food at those premises, of prescribed dietary and nutritional information about the food; ( g ) restrict or prohibit the medium or way food is advertised or sponsored or is promoted for sale, including requiring or prohibiting advertising in relation to the food at specified times or at specified premises; ( h ) create offences for a contravention of any provision of the regulations, the penalty for which on conviction may be a fine not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both; ( i ) specify the Part 9 offences that may be compounded; and ( j ) provide for any saving, transitional and other consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions that are necessary or expedient. (3) Regulations made under this section may apply — ( a ) in respect of all food businesses or particular categories of food businesses, whether or not the food business is licensable; ( b ) in respect of all food premises or particular categories of food premises; ( c ) in respect of all persons who engage in conduct to promote the sale of food or particular categories of such persons; ( d ) in respect of all advertising or particular media, content or nature of advertising; ( e ) in respect of all foods or particular categories of food; ( f ) in respect of all methods of supply of any food mentioned in paragraph ( e ) or particular methods of supply of that food; or ( g ) in respect of the population generally or particular communities in the population.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s175
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 175
title: Part 9 enforcement officers
content:
175. —(1) The Director‑General of Health may, in relation to — ( a ) any provision of this Part or Part 13; ( b ) any Part 9 Regulations; or ( c ) any provision in Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations, appoint any individual in subsection (2) as a Part 9 enforcement officer for the purpose of that provision and in relation to one or more Part 9 offences. (2) Any of the following individuals may be appointed under subsection (1) as a Part 9 enforcement officer if he or she is suitably trained to properly exercise the powers of a Part 9 enforcement officer: ( a ) a public officer; ( b ) an employee or officer of a public authority; ( c ) any auxiliary police officer. (3) The Director‑General of Health may, for any reason that appears to the Director‑General of Health to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as a Part 9 enforcement officer. (4) The Director‑General of Health must issue to each Part 9 enforcement officer an identification card (in physical or digital form) which must be carried at all times by the Part 9 enforcement officer when the Part 9 enforcement officer is exercising any power under any provision of Part 13 in relation to a Part 9 offence. (5) Every Part 9 enforcement officer whose appointment as such ceases must return without delay to the Director‑General of Health any identification card issued to him or her under subsection (4). (6) A former Part 9 enforcement officer who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with subsection (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (7) In the case of an identification card issued in a digital form, a former Part 9 enforcement officer is taken to comply with subsection (5) only after he or she removes the digital identification card from each mobile communication device or other electronic device in his or her possession on which the digital identification card is capable of being displayed.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s176
chapter: PART 8 - OFFENCES RELATING TO FOOD SAFETY
section: 176
title: Remedial notices
content:
176. —(1) This section applies if a Part 9 enforcement officer reasonably believes — ( a ) a person — (i) is contravening a provision of any Part 9 Regulations; or (ii) has contravened a provision of any Part 9 Regulations in circumstances that make it likely the contravention will continue or be repeated; ( b ) a matter relating to the contravention can be remedied; and ( c ) it is appropriate to give the person an opportunity to remedy the matter. (2) The Part 9 enforcement officer may give the person in subsection (1)( a ) a remedial notice requiring the person to remedy the contravention or have the contravention remedied. (3) The remedial notice must state all of the following: ( a ) that the Part 9 enforcement officer reasonably believes the person the notice is addressed to — (i) is contravening a provision of any Part 9 Regulations; or (ii) has contravened a provision of any Part 9 Regulations in circumstances that make it likely the contravention will continue or be repeated; ( b ) the provision the Part 9 enforcement officer believes is being, or has been, contravened (called the relevant provision); ( c ) briefly, how it is believed the relevant provision is being, or has been, contravened; ( d ) the period in which the person must remedy the contravention or have the contravention remedied; ( e ) that it is an offence to fail to comply with the remedial notice unless the person has a reasonable excuse. (4) The remedial notice may also state the reasonable steps that the Part 9 enforcement officer considers necessary to remedy the contravention, or to avoid further contravention, of the relevant provision. Examples of reasonable steps Withdrawing or rectifying advertisements of foods, publishing in Singapore a rectification notice to inform the general public of non‑compliant advertisements, or suspending the sale or supply of a specific food. (5) A Part 9 enforcement officer must keep a copy of every remedial notice given under this section. (6) The person to whom a remedial notice is given must comply with the remedial notice unless the person has a reasonable excuse. (7) A person who contravenes subsection (6) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (8) If a remedial notice is given under this section in relation to a contravention by a person of a relevant provision and the contravention is an offence, the person cannot be prosecuted for that offence unless the person fails to comply with the remedial notice and does not have a reasonable excuse for the non‑compliance. (9) A person may be prosecuted for the contravention of a relevant provision without a Part 9 enforcement officer first giving a remedial notice for the contravention.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s177
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 177
title: Definitions for Part 10
content:
177. —(1) In this Part — “composition”, in relation to food, includes information about the ingredients or other constituents, or the proportion of ingredients or other constituents, of the food; “relevant advertising regulations” means — ( a ) the provisions of any regulations made under Part 15 that relate to advertisements; or ( b ) the provisions of the Part 9 Regulations that relate to advertisements; “relevant regulations” means any of the following that are not relevant advertising regulations: ( a ) the standards or any other regulations made under Part 15; ( b ) the Part 9 Regulations; “representation” means — ( a ) an express or implied claim or promise; or ( b ) an express or implied statement made in any way, and includes an advertisement or the content of any label. (2) In this Part, an advertising of an advertisement is Singapore‑linked if the person who publishes, or causes or authorises the publishing, in Singapore of the advertisement is — ( a ) an individual physically present in Singapore when he or she publishes, or causes or authorises the publishing, in Singapore of the advertisement; ( b ) an entity which is registered in Singapore (even if incorporated outside Singapore), or is incorporated, under any written law, when the entity publishes, or causes or authorises the publishing, in Singapore of the advertisement; or ( c ) a corporation sole or corporation aggregate established under a private Act when it publishes, or causes or authorises the publishing, in Singapore of the advertisement. Meaning of “falsely describe” in relation to food 178. For the purposes of this Part, food that is falsely described includes food to which any one or more of the following paragraphs apply: ( a ) the food is represented as being of a particular composition or nature for which there is an applicable standard and the food does not comply with that standard; ( b ) any content used on the packaging or in the labelling in or with which the food is packed, labelled or offered for supply would create a false impression as to the composition, effect, nature or origin of the food, in the mind of a reasonable person; ( c ) the food is not of the composition, effect, nature or origin represented by the manner in which the food is advertised, packed, labelled or offered for supply; ( d ) the description of the food conceals the fact that the food is unsafe or unsuitable. Misleading or deceptive conduct in the course of food business 179. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person, in the course of carrying on a food business, engages in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive, in relation to — ( a ) the packaging or labelling of food intended for supply; or ( b ) the supply of food. Illustration Making a false or misleading representation about a particular food that purports to be a testimonial by any person relating to the food offered for supply. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under subsection (1); or (ii) under section 20 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 17 of that Act. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (3)( b )(ii) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. (5) This section does not apply to publication in Singapore of an advertisement relating to food. (6) Nothing in sections 180, 181 and 182 limits subsection (1). Supplying falsely described food 180. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person, in the course of carrying on a food business, supplies food that is packed or labelled in a way that falsely describes the food; and ( b ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the packaging or labelling falsely describes the food. (2) A person commits an offence if the person — ( a ) supplies in the course of carrying on a food business, any food to another person; ( b ) gives the other person a false warranty for the food; and ( c ) when giving the warranty, knows or ought reasonably to know, that the warranty is false. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (4) In subsection (3), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1) or (2), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence — (i) under that same subsection as the current offence; or (ii) under section 20 of the Sale of Food Act 1973 for contravening section 17 of that Act. (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), the conviction or finding of guilt for an offence referred to in subsection (4)( b )(ii) may be before, on or after the commencement of this section. Supplying falsely described food — strict liability 181. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person, in the course of carrying on a food business — ( a ) supplies to another person food that is packed or labelled in a way that falsely describes the food; or ( b ) supplies food to another person and gives that person a false warranty for the food. (2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) — ( a ) it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that a person charged knew or had reason to believe that the food is falsely described, or that the warranty is false, as the case may be; but ( b ) it is a defence to the charge for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person charged — (i) did not know and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that the food was falsely described when supplied; or (ii) when giving the warranty, had reason to believe that the assertions or statements contained in the warranty were true. Meat substitution 182. —(1) A person must not, during the slaughter of animals to produce meat or meat products or during meat processing, do something to the meat — ( a ) with the intention of deceiving someone else about the species of animal the meat is from; or ( b ) that the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, is likely to result in someone else being deceived about the species of animal the meat is from. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the meat concerned is safe. Mislabelling food for supply 183. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person labels, or causes to be labelled, any food in connection with — ( a ) the supply or possible supply of the food in the course of carrying on a food business; or ( b ) the promotion of the supply or use of the food in the course of carrying on a food business, in a way that — ( c ) contains any content which is prohibited by any relevant regulations for that food; ( d ) does not contain any content which is required by any relevant regulations to be used in relation to that food; or ( e ) contains content in a form contrary to any relevant regulations as they apply in relation to that food. (2) A person commits an offence if the person supplies, in the course of carrying on a food business, any food that — ( a ) is labelled in a way that — (i) contains any content which is prohibited by any relevant regulations for that food; (ii) does not contain any content which is required by any relevant regulations to be used in relation to that food; or (iii) contains content in a form contrary to any relevant regulations as they apply in relation to that food; or ( b ) does not bear any label where such a label is required by any relevant regulations in relation to that food. (3) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that a person charged knew or had reason to believe that the label — ( a ) contains any content which is prohibited by any relevant regulations for that food; ( b ) does not contain any content which is required by any relevant regulations to be used in relation to that food; or ( c ) contains content in a form contrary to any relevant regulations as they apply in relation to that food. (4) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (2), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that a person charged knew or had reason to believe that the food does not bear any label where such a label is required by any relevant regulations in relation to that food. (5) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. Offences involving non-compliant advertising 184. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person publishes, or causes or authorises to be published, in Singapore any advertisement about a food or a regulated food contact article; ( b ) the advertisement contains any content that — (i) contravenes any requirement of the relevant advertising regulations that are applicable to the food or regulated food contact article; or (ii) is or contains a false 


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s185
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 185
title: Advertising defined food
content:
185. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person advertises any food; ( b ) the food is a defined food at the time of the advertising; and ( c ) the advertising of the advertisement is Singapore‑linked. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether the food concerned is safe. General defence of due diligence 186. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 179, 180, 181, 182 or 183, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the commission of the offence was due to — (i) an act or omission of another person; or (ii) an accident or some other cause outside the control of the person charged; and ( b ) the person charged took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence by the person, or by another person under the control of the person charged. (2) In subsection (1)( a ), another person does not include a person who was at the time of the commission of the offence — ( a ) an employee or agent of the person charged; or ( b ) if the person charged is an entity, an officer of the entity. (3) Section 26H(4) of the Penal Code 1871 does not apply in relation to a strict liability offence under this Part. Defence in respect of food for export 187. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 183 involving a food, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the food in question is to be exported to another country; and ( b ) the food complies with the laws (if any) in force at the time of the alleged offence, of the country to which the food is to be exported, being laws that deal with the same subject matter as the provision of this Act is concerned. (2) This section does not apply to food that was originally intended for export but was supplied in Singapore.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s188
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 188
title: Defence relating to advertising
content:
188. —(1) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 184 or 185 in relation to publishing an advertisement about a food or a regulated food contact article, it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person was acting in the course of a business of delivering, transmitting or broadcasting information or material (in whatever form or by whatever means) or making data available, and the nature of the business is such that persons undertaking it have no control over the nature or content of the information or material or data. (2) In a prosecution of a person for an offence under section 184 or 185 in relation to publishing an advertisement about a food or a regulated food contact article, it is also a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the advertisement about the food or regulated food contact article was so published as an accidental or incidental accompaniment to the publication of any other matter not forming part of any promotion of the food or regulated food contact article in question; and ( b ) the person does not receive any direct or indirect benefit (whether financial or not) for publishing that advertisement, in addition to any direct or indirect benefit that the person receives for publishing that other matter. (3) In addition, in any proceedings for an offence under section 184 or 185 in relation to publishing an advertisement about a food or a regulated food contact article, it is a further defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person — ( a ) is a person whose business is to publish or arrange for the publication of advertisements and that the person received the advertisement for publication in the ordinary course of business; and ( b ) has no financial interest in the food or regulated food contact article featured in the advertisement. (4) However, subsections (1), (2) and (3) do not apply if the person charged for an offence under section 184 or 185 in relation to publishing an advertisement about a food or a regulated food contact article — ( a ) had previously been informed in writing by the Agency or a Part 9 enforcement officer that publishing the advertisement or a similar advertisement in Singapore would constitute an offence under this Part; ( b ) ought reasonably to have known that the publishing of the advertisement in Singapore was an offence under this Part; or ( c ) is the proprietor of a food business or is otherwise engaged in the conduct of a food business for which the advertisements concerned were published. (5) To avoid doubt, nothing in this Act limits the operation of section 26 of the Electronic Transactions Act 2010 in relation to network service providers.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s189
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 189
title: Definitions for Part 11
content:
189. —(1) In this Part and sections 303, 313 and 314 — “accepted”, in relation to a feed control plan, means such a plan which the Agency last accepts under this Part; “active constituent”, in relation to a proposed or existing plant pesticide product, means the substance that is, or one of the substances that together are, primarily responsible for the biological or other effect identifying the product as a plant pesticide; “animal feed production licensee” means the holder of an animal feed production licence; “application”, for an animal feed production licence or an appointment as a certified pesticide operator, means an application for or to renew the animal feed production licence or appointment, as the case may be; “approved label”, in relation to a registered plant pesticide product, means any label approved under section 205(2)( a ) for or in respect of the plant pesticide product; “constituent”, in relation to plant pesticide product, means any constituent of the product (whether an active constituent or not) and includes a chemical or a living thing (other than a human or part of a human); “container” includes anything by which or in which a plant pesticide or an animal feed is, or is to be, covered, enclosed, contained or packaged, but does not include a container (such as a shipping container) in which other containers of plant pesticides or animal feed are, or are to be, placed for the purpose of being transported; “feed control plan” means a plan identifying how an animal feed production licensee will carry on the production of animal feed in the course of a business with reference to all or any of the following matters as the Agency considers relevant: ( a ) the knowledge, skill, health and hygiene requirements for the people involved in producing the animal feed; ( b ) the details of the animal feed produced and the feed production processes involved; ( c ) the design, construction, maintenance and cleanliness of the following used, or intended to be used, for the production of the animal feed: (i) the premises (including layout, fittings and fixtures) at which animal feed is produced; (ii) the plant or equipment used to produce animal feed; (iii) the conveyances used to transport animal feed; ( d ) the systematic identification of the potential hazards that may be reasonably expected to occur in each operation that is to be, or that is being, carried out in the course of producing the animal feed; ( e ) how and where each hazard identified under paragraph ( d ) can be controlled and the means of control; ( f ) the systematic monitoring of those controls in paragraph ( e ), and the appropriate corrective action when each hazard identified under paragraph ( d ) is found not to be under control; ( g ) the procedures and practices established by the licensee so as to monitor and ensure the compliance by the animal feed production licensee, and the employees or workers of the licensee, with — (i) the requirements of this Act with respect to the licensee’s production of animal feed; (ii) any applicable standard as is applicable to the licensee’s production of animal feed; (iii) the conditions of the animal feed production licence, if granted; and (iv) the accepted feed control plan; ( h ) the keeping of records which are sufficient to allow the Agency, an authorised officer or a food inspector to assess whether the accepted feed control plan has been complied with; “keep”, in relation to a plant pesticide, means — ( a ) have possession or be in control of the plant pesticide, such as (but not limited to) keeping within any container owned or in the care, control or management of, the person so keeping; ( b ) have the plant pesticide in the control or management of another person, including storing it with that other person; or ( c ) drive or otherwise operate (even by remote control) any conveyance conveying or otherwise carrying the plant pesticide, and includes exhibit; “meets the labelling criteria”, for a plant pesticide product, has the meaning given by section 207; “non‑target plant”, in relation to the use of a plant pesticide product, means any plant that is not specified on the approved label for or in the application for registration of the product as being a plant in respect of which the product may be used; “pest”, in relation to a plant, means any invertebrate, plant or other living thing (other than a human) that injuriously affects or is capable of injuriously affecting the physical condition, worth or utility of the firstmentioned plant; “prescribed pesticide work” means the carrying out of any of the following kinds of activities in such circumstances, or by such means, as may be prescribed (if any) by the pesticide control regulations: ( a ) the supply or use of plant pesticides for a fee or reward; ( b ) the piloting or use of aircraft in connection with the supply or use of plant pesticides (whether or not for a fee or reward); ( c ) the carrying on of a business involving any of the activities referred to in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ), including the employment or engagement of individuals to carry out any of those activities for that business; “produce”, as a verb in relation to any animal feed, includes all or any of the following: ( a ) the breeding or rearing of animals for the purpose of feeding them directly to any food producing animal; ( b ) the hydrolysing, heating, mixing or blending together of any substances to make the animal feed for sale; ( c ) the storing, packing or labelling of unpackaged animal feed for sale; “registered”, in relation to a plant pesticide product, means registered or deemed registered under this Part but not when the registration of the plant pesticide product is not in force; “relevant instruction”, for a plant pesticide product, means an instruction that relates to any of the following matters: ( a ) any restriction (however expressed) as to the use of the plant pesticide product (for example, a direction not to use the product for any purpose, or in any manner, contrary to the approved label unless authorised by written law); ( b ) the situation in which the use of the plant pesticide product is permitted (for example, the type of crop); ( c ) the pest to be controlled by the plant pesticide product; ( d ) the rate, concentration, frequency or timing, number, volume, or other similar limitation, in respect of which the plant pesticide product may or may not be used; ( e ) the equipment by means of which the plant pesticide product may be used; ( f ) the preparation and mixing of the plant pesticide product; ( g ) withholding periods; ( h ) any restraints on the use of the plant pesticide product (for example, weather conditions, entry to treated areas, distance restrictions); ( i ) the protection of livestock, crops, wildlife or non‑target plants; ( j ) the protection of the environment; ( k ) avoidance of spray drift or vapour movement; ( l ) storing or disposal of the plant pesticide product; ( m ) safety directions and other human‑health related matters; ( n ) expiry dates or dates in which use is permitted; ( o ) any other matter that may be prescribed by the pesticide control regulations; “residue”, in relation to an active constituent for a proposed or existing plant pesticide product, or in relation to a plant pesticide product, means any remains, persisting in or on any particular premises (including a plant, crop or pasture in those premises in relation to which the product was used), of — ( a ) the active constituent, or the active constituents in the plant pesticide product; or ( b ) any derivatives, metabolites, or degradation products, of the active constituent or of the active constituents in the plant pesticide product; “withholding period”, in relation to the use of a plant pesticide product, means the minimum period that needs to elapse between — ( a ) the last use of the product in relation to a crop; and ( b ) the harvesting or cutting of the crop, in order to ensure that the residues from the plant pesticide product fall to or below the maximum limit that the pesticide control regulations permit. (2) For the purposes of this Part, a plant pesticide continues to be regarded as a plant pesticide even when it is mixed with some other substance (whether or not the other substance is a plant pesticide).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s190
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 190
title: Application of Part 11
content:
190. —(1) Division 2 does not apply to producing animal feed — ( a ) in the course of any research and development activity undertaken directly by the person; or ( b ) for feeding directly to any food producing animal that the person keeps as a pet. (2) In subsection (1), “research and development activity” means systematic, investigative or experimental activities that involve innovation and are carried on either wholly or partly within Singapore for the purpose of — ( a ) increasing or acquiring new knowledge (whether or not that knowledge will have specific practical application); or ( b ) creating new or improved materials, products, devices, processes or services. (3) Division 3 does not apply to the use of any plant pesticide in — ( a ) the cultivation of — (i) any plant which is not an edible plant; (ii) any edible plant which is not for supply, such as for domestic and home gardening; or (iii) any edible plant for the primary purpose of the retail sale of the whole edible plant in a pot; or ( b ) the raising or producing of an animal. Division 2 &#x2014; Animal feed Subdivision (1) &#x2014; Licensing of animal feed production


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s191
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 191
title: Application of Division 4 of Part 14 (general licensing procedures)
content:
191. —(1) Division 4 of Part 14 applies to every application for an animal feed production licence, and to every animal feed production licence granted under this Part, subject to the modifications in this Part. (2) In addition, every application for an animal feed production licence must be accompanied by a feed control plan. (3) The Agency may require an applicant for an animal feed production licence to amend and re-submit a feed control plan, for the purpose of assessing the application by the applicant.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s192
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 192
title: Criteria for grant, etc., of animal feed production licence
content:
192. —(1) This section applies where the Agency is deciding any of the following: ( a ) whether an applicant should be granted an animal feed production licence; ( b ) the conditions to impose on an animal feed production licence; ( c ) whether to modify any condition of an animal feed production licence. (2) When making a decision mentioned in subsection (1), the Agency must have regard, and give such weight as the Agency considers appropriate, to all of the following matters: ( a ) whether the applicant or animal feed production licensee, or an associate of the applicant or animal feed production licensee, is or was disqualified by section 298 from holding an animal feed production licence; ( b ) whether the applicant or animal feed production licensee is a suitable person to be involved in the management or operation of the production of animal feed which is the subject of the application; ( c ) whether regulatory action under section 196 has been or is being taken or is contemplated against the applicant or animal feed production licensee; ( d ) any available information as to whether or not the applicant or animal feed production licensee has been convicted or found guilty of any relevant offence within the meaning of section 196(3) (whether or not the offence was committed before, on or after the commencement of this section); ( e ) whether there are other grounds for considering that the applicant or animal feed production licensee is likely in the future to fail to comply with any provision of this Act in connection with the production of animal feed to be authorised or authorised by the licence; ( f ) whether the premises at which the production of animal feed is or is to be carried on are fit to be used for that type of activity; ( g ) whether the written permission or authorisation required by the Planning Act 1998 for the use of the premises for the production of animal feed has been granted or deemed granted; ( h ) whether the applicant or animal feed production licensee has, and will keep and maintain, an accepted feed control plan relating to the applicant’s or licensee’s production of animal feed; ( i ) the applicant’s or animal feed production licensee’s compliance history with Part 2, where applicable; ( j ) whether and how the applicant or animal feed production licensee prepares to deal with any disruptive event occurring; ( k ) whether it is otherwise not in the public interest of Singapore for the applicant to be granted an animal feed production licence. (3) Subsection (2) applies to an applicant or animal feed production licensee which is an entity with the following modifications: ( a ) paragraph ( a ) of that subsection must be read as if the paragraph refers only to the officers of the entity instead of the entity; ( b ) paragraphs ( b ) and ( c ) of that subsection must be read as if they refer to the entity and its officers. (4) For the purpose of determining whether or not a person is a suitable person under subsection (2)( b ) for a particular animal feed production licence that is the subject of an application for an animal feed production licence, the Agency must have regard to all of the following matters: ( a ) the person’s compliance history with all of the following so far as that relates to the production of animal feed in the course of a business: (i) the provisions of this Act and any predecessor law about standards and requirements to ensure animal feed which is fit for purpose; (ii) the conditions of any animal feed production licence granted to the person; (iii) the provisions of any code of practice applicable to the person; (iv) a Part 7 direction; ( b ) the person’s relevant knowledge, competency and experience in identifying, controlling, managing, and eliminating or minimising hazards for the purpose of achieving animal feed which is fit for purpose when producing animal feed. (5) To avoid doubt, the Agency is not confined to consideration of the matters specified in subsection (2) and may take into account any other matters and evidence that may be relevant. (6) In this section, “predecessor law” means the Feeding Stuffs Act 1965 as in force before it is first amended by this Act.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s193
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 193
title: Conditions of animal feed production licence
content:
193. —(1) Without limiting section 294, in granting an animal feed production licence to any person, the Agency may impose conditions requiring the animal feed production licensee — ( a ) to meet all the applicable standards prescribed in the animal feed regulations, or specified in the licence in so far as the standards are not prescribed, for — (i) the maintenance, cleanliness and sanitation of the premises where animal feed is produced; and (ii) the hygiene of individuals at work in those premises; ( b ) to establish and maintain, and undertake production of animal feed, in accordance with an accepted feed control plan; ( c ) to comply with procedures prescribed in the animal feed regulations to achieve the fitness for purpose of the animal feed produced, including document control and recording; ( d ) to prepare itself for the following ends: (i) to deal with any disruptive event occurring; (ii) to prevent any intentional engaging in conduct, by any individual, so as to jeopardise the fitness for purpose of animal feed which is produced at the premises occupied by the animal feed production licensee, including any attempt to do so, by establishing and maintaining procedures and plans directed to those ends, and conducting simulations or other tests of those procedures and plans (where necessary) to give effect to those procedures and plans; and ( e ) to furnish or further furnish a performance bond, guarantee or any other form of security of such amount and on such terms and conditions that the Agency considers appropriate. (2) In particular, in granting an animal feed production licence, the Agency may impose conditions requiring the animal feed production licensee concerned to label packages of animal feed produced by the animal feed production licensee as specified by the Agency in the particular case.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s194
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 194
title: Validity of animal feed production licence
content:
194. —(1) Every animal feed production licence granted under this Part is to be in the form that the Agency determines. (2) Every animal feed production licence granted under this Part is in force for the period (not exceeding 5 years) specified in the licence — ( a ) except when it is wholly suspended under section 196(2); or ( b ) unless it is earlier revoked under section 196(1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s195
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 195
title: Modifying conditions of animal feed production licence
content:
195. Subject to Division 4 of Part 14, it is lawful for the Agency to modify the conditions of an animal feed production licence without compensating the animal feed production licensee concerned.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s196
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 196
title: Regulatory action concerning animal feed production licence
content:
196. —(1) Subject to Division 4 of Part 14, if the Agency is satisfied that — ( a ) an animal feed production licensee is contravening or not complying with, or has contravened or failed to comply with — (i) any of the conditions of its animal feed production licence; (ii) any provision of this Act applicable to the animal feed production licensee so far as that relates to the production of animal feed in the course of business, the contravention of or non‑compliance with which is not an offence under this Act; (iii) any provision of a code of practice applicable to the animal feed production licensee so far as that relates to the production of animal feed in the course of business; (iv) any direction given to the animal feed production licensee under subsection (2)( e ) or ( f ); or (v) any requirement in section 200 applicable to the animal feed production licensee; ( b ) an animal feed production licensee has ceased to produce animal feed in the course of a business; ( c ) an animal feed production licensee, or any officer of an animal feed production licensee, is convicted of a relevant offence committed during the term of the animal feed production licence or an immediately prior animal feed production licence; ( d ) there is or has been a serious failure of the operations of an animal feed production licensee, or there are or have been other matters, that cast doubt on the fitness for purpose of the animal feed produced by the licensee; ( e ) an animal feed production licence had been obtained by an animal feed production licensee by fraud or misrepresentation; or ( f ) the public interest of Singapore so requires, the Agency may revoke (without any compensation) the animal feed production licence of the animal feed production licensee, with or without forfeiting any performance bond, guarantee or other form of security furnished by the animal feed production licensee under this Act. (2) However, the Agency may, in lieu of revoking under subsection (1) the animal feed production licence of an animal feed production licensee, do (without any compensation) one or more of the following: ( a ) censure the animal feed production licensee in writing; ( b ) direct the animal feed production licensee to do, or to refrain from doing, any thing that is specified in a direction to rectify any contravention or non‑compliance that constitutes the ground for regulatory action; ( c ) suspend (in whole or in part) the animal feed production licence for not more than 6 months; ( d ) modify any condition of the animal feed production licence; ( e ) direct the animal feed production licensee to pay, within a period specified in a direction, a financial penalty of any amount that the Agency thinks fit, but not exceeding $5,000 for each contravention of or failure to comply with any matter in subsection (1)( a ) or for each other ground of regulatory action; ( f ) direct the furnishing by the animal feed production licensee of any performance bond, guarantee or other form of security, or an additional performance bond, guarantee or other form of security, for all or any of the following: (i) to secure compliance by the animal feed production licensee with any condition of the animal feed production licence; (ii) to secure compliance by the animal feed production licensee with any code of practice applicable to the animal feed production licensee so far as that relates to the production of animal feed in the course of business; (iii) for the purpose of meeting any financial penalty arising out of any regulatory action started or likely to start against the animal feed production licensee. (3) In this section, “relevant offence” means any of the following offences: ( a ) an offence under section 202 or 203; ( b ) an offence under section 139, 140, 256 or 257 in relation to production of animal feed by the animal feed production licensee concerned; ( c ) an offence under a repealed law which is prescribed in the animal feed regulations, being an offence corresponding to any offence in paragraph ( a ). (4) Subsection (2)( e ) does not apply where the ground of regulatory action is subsection (1)( c ).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s197
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 197
title: Post-revocation of licence directions
content:
197. —(1) Where the animal feed production licence of an animal feed production licensee is revoked under section 196(1), the Agency may direct as follows: ( a ) direct that any animal feed produced under any of the operations of the former animal feed production licensee affected by the revocation must not be sold by that former licensee; ( b ) direct the former animal feed production licensee to take appropriate action to destroy or otherwise dispose of or deal with the affected animal feed. (2) A person to whom a direction is given under subsection (1) commits an offence if the person fails to comply with the direction, and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1). (4) Subsection (2) does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse. Subdivision (2) &#x2014; Traceability obligations for
animal feed production


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s198
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 198
title: Application of this Subdivision
content:
198. This Subdivision applies only to an animal feed production licensee in respect of the production of animal feed by the animal feed production licensee, even if the animal feed is not supplied or is for export or exported.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s199
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 199
title: Information animal feed production licensee must keep or have ready access to
content:
199. —(1) Every animal feed production licensee must keep, or have ready access to, the information described in subsection (2) for no shorter than the prescribed period after the date that the animal feed is produced by the animal feed production licensee. (2) The information is — ( a ) the prescribed identity particulars and prescribed contact details of the person to whom the animal feed was supplied or exported by the animal feed production licensee, if supplied or exported; ( b ) the prescribed identity particulars and prescribed contact details of — (i) the producer of the animal feed; or (ii) the person from whom the animal feed production licensee acquired the animal feed; ( c ) a description of the identity of the animal feed by commodity, brand (if any) and lot (if any); and ( d ) any other information that is prescribed. (3) An animal feed production licensee who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (4) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (3). (5) In this section, “prescribed” means prescribed by any regulations made under Part 15.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s200
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 200
title: Identification, location and tracing of animal feed
content:
200. —(1) An animal feed production licensee must have procedures for — ( a ) identifying and locating animal feed produced, supplied or exported by the animal feed production licensee; and ( b ) tracing animal feed so that the animal feed can be traced — (i) from the supplier of the animal feed to the animal feed production licensee; (ii) while the animal feed is under the animal feed production licensee’s control; and (iii) from the animal feed production licensee to the next person to whom responsibility for the animal feed has passed. (2) An animal feed production licensee must ensure that animal feed is identified, located and traced in accordance with those procedures. (3) The information required under subsection (1) must be accurate. (4) The information required under subsection (1) must also be sufficient to allow an effective recall to be carried out under Part 7. (5) An animal feed production licensee must — ( a ) have procedures for the recalling of animal feed supplied in Singapore by the animal feed production licensee that the licensee considers to be not fit for purpose or whose fitness for purpose is in doubt; ( b ) conduct simulations or other tests of those procedures if required by the Agency; and ( c ) recall, in accordance with those procedures, animal feed supplied in Singapore by the animal feed production licensee that the licensee considers to be not fit for purpose or whose fitness for purpose is in doubt. (6) If an animal feed production licensee decides to recall any animal feed on the ground that the animal feed is or might be not fit for purpose, the licensee must notify the Agency of the following as soon as practicable, but no later than 24 hours after making the decision: ( a ) the animal feed affected by the recall; ( b ) the reason for the recall.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s201
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 201
title: Providing information — animal feed production licensee
content:
201. —(1) When requested to do so by an authorised officer or a food inspector, an animal feed production licensee is bound to state truly what the animal feed production licensee is requested, and must give information about the matters in section 199(1) — ( a ) in a readily accessible format; and ( b ) within 24 hours after the request, or within any reasonable shorter period specified by the authorised officer or food inspector, as the case may be. (2) Where any information which is required by subsection (1) to be given to an authorised officer or a food inspector is not given or is not given within the time delimited under subsection (1)( b ), then the animal feed production licensee requested to give the information shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) Subsection (2) does not apply if the person required to give the information has a reasonable excuse. (4) The ordinary meaning of “reasonable excuse” is affected by sections 258 and 259. Subdivision (3) &#x2014; Animal feed offences


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s202
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 202
title: Unauthorised production of animal feed
content:
202. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person produces in Singapore in the course of a business any animal feed; and ( b ) the person is not one of the following: (i) a holder of a current animal feed production licence; (ii) a person exempt from this section under section 320 or 321 in relation to producing animal feed. (2) A person commits an offence if the person produces in Singapore in the course of a business any animal feed at or on any premises that is not specified in an animal feed production licence granted to the person. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 8 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $20,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $40,000. (4) In subsection (3), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1) or (2), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under that same subsection.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s203
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 203
title: Producing animal feed that is not fit for purpose
content:
203. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person produces in Singapore any animal feed that is not fit for purpose; and ( b ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the animal feed is not fit for purpose. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $12,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $25,000.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s204
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 204
title: Producing animal feed that is not fit for purpose — strict liability
content:
204. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person produces in Singapore any animal feed that is not fit for purpose. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $8,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1). Division 3 &#x2014; Plant pesticides Subdivision (1) &#x2014; Registration of plant pesticide products


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s205
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 205
title: Registration of plant pesticide products
content:
205. —(1) An application to register a plant pesticide product must — ( a ) be in the form and manner the Agency specifies; ( b ) be accompanied by an application fee, if prescribed; ( c ) contain — (i) an address in Singapore at which notices and other documents under this Act for the applicant may be served; or (ii) the name and address of one or more persons in Singapore authorised by the applicant to accept on the applicant’s behalf service of notices and other documents under this Act; and ( d ) be accompanied by the information prescribed in the pesticide control regulations, and any other additional information that the Agency requires to decide on the application. (2) Upon receiving an application under subsection (1), the Agency may — ( a ) upon receiving a registration fee (if prescribed in the pesticide control regulations) — (i) register the plant pesticide product; and (ii) approve a label for the plant pesticide product which meets the labelling criteria; or ( b ) refuse to register the plant pesticide product. (3) To avoid doubt, the Agency must not approve a label for an unregistered plant pesticide.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s206
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 206
title: Evaluation of plant pesticide product for registration
content:
206. —(1) In order to ascertain that a plant pesticide product is suitable for registration under this Act, the Agency may — ( a ) subject samples of the product to an evaluation by an analyst; ( b ) require the applicant for the registration of the product to send samples of the product for evaluation by an analyst and then submit the evaluation report to the Agency; or ( c ) consider the evaluation report of any body or organisation, whether in Singapore or elsewhere, that has evaluated the product. (2) The evaluation of a plant pesticide product must include any tests and examination of the product that the Agency considers necessary to determine any of the following matters: ( a ) whether the quality, safety or efficacy of the product for the purposes for which it is to be used has been satisfactorily established; ( b ) whether the label to be approved for containers of the product, if registered, meets the labelling criteria; ( c ) whether the product complies with any requirements that are prescribed in relation to it by any pesticide control regulations; ( d ) any other matters relating to the product as the Agency thinks relevant. (3) All costs reasonably incurred by the Agency for the evaluation of a plant pesticide product under this section must be borne by the applicant for the registration of the product.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s207
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 207
title: Evaluation of label for approval — labelling criteria
content:
207. —(1) A label for containers of a plant pesticide product meets the labelling criteria if the label contains adequate instructions relating to any of the following that are appropriate: ( a ) the circumstances in which the plant pesticide product should be used; ( b ) how the product should be used; ( c ) the frequency of the use of the product; ( d ) the withholding period after the use of the product; ( e ) the re‑entry period after the use of the product; ( f ) the disposal of the product when it is no longer required; ( g ) the disposal of containers of the product; ( h ) the safe handling of the product and first aid in the event of an accident caused by the handling of the product; ( i ) any matters prescribed by the pesticide control regulations. (2) For the purposes of being satisfied as to whether a label meets the labelling criteria, the Agency must have regard to all of the following: ( a ) any conditions to which its approval is, or would be, subject; ( b ) whether the label conforms, or would conform, to any standard made for the label under the pesticide control regulations to the extent that the standard relates to matters covered by subsection (1); ( c ) any matters prescribed by the pesticide control regulations. (3) In this section — “adequate”, in relation to instructions on a label for containers of a plant pesticide product, means adequate to ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that an active constituent of the plant pesticide product or the plant pesticide product meets all the following safety criteria: ( a ) it is not, or would not be, an undue hazard to the safety of people exposed to it during its handling or people using anything containing its residues; ( b ) it is not, or would not be, likely to have an effect that is harmful to human beings; “re‑entry period”, in relation to the use of a plant pesticide product in a particular premises (including a use of the product in relation to a crop or pasture in the premises), means the period after that use during which it is unsafe for an individual to enter those premises without wearing appropriate protective clothing or equipment, or both.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s208
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 208
title: Validity of registration and approved label
content:
208. —(1) The registration of a plant pesticide product under this Act remains in force for the period prescribed in the pesticide control regulations and for so long as the registration is not cancelled or wholly suspended under section 209. (2) A label for a registered plant pesticide product ceases to be an approved label when the registration of the product is cancelled or whenever that registration is wholly suspended under section 209(2).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s209
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 209
title: Cancellation or suspension of registration
content:
209. —(1) The Agency may cancel the registration of a plant pesticide product if — ( a ) the person who applied to register the registered plant pesticide product (called the registrant) applies for the registration of the product to be cancelled; ( b ) the registrant is convicted of an offence under section 220; ( c ) the Agency is reasonably satisfied that it is necessary to stop the use of the plant pesticide product — (i) in the interest of public health; or (ii) because of or to prevent any physical harm or further physical harm, or any risk or further risk of physical harm, to the environment; ( d ) the Agency becomes aware of a circumstance that would have required or permitted the Agency to refuse to register the plant pesticide product, had the Agency been aware of the circumstance immediately before registering the product; ( e ) the supply or use in Singapore of the plant pesticide product has stopped for a continuous period exceeding 12 months; or ( f ) the use of the plant pesticide product is being or has been advertised in Singapore by a registrant in a manner that is false, misleading or deceptive. (2) However, the Agency may, in lieu of cancelling under subsection (1) the registration of a plant pesticide product, suspend the registration of that product for not more than 6 months. (3) Before exercising any powers under subsection (1) or (2) on any ground except subsection (1)( a ), the Agency must give written notice to the registrant — ( a ) stating that the Agency intends to take action under subsection (1) or (2); ( b ) specifying each ground that is the subject of the action; and ( c ) specifying the time (being not less than 14 days starting the date of service of notice on the registrant) within which written representations may be made to the Agency with respect to the proposed action. (4) The Agency may, after considering any written representation under subsection (3)( c ), decide to cancel or suspend the registration of a plant pesticide product as the Agency considers appropriate. (5) Where the Agency has made any decision under subsection (1) or (2) to cancel or suspend the registration of a plant pesticide product, the Agency must — ( a ) serve on the registrant concerned a notice of the Agency’s decision, specifying in the notice the date the cancellation or suspension (as the case may be) takes effect; and ( b ) publish a public notice of the cancellation or suspension (as the case may be) of the registration of the plant pesticide product in any manner that will secure adequate publicity for the cancellation or suspension, specifying in the public notice the date the cancellation or suspension takes effect. (6) For the purposes of subsection (1)( b ), “convicted”, in addition to its ordinary meaning, has the meaning given by subsection (7). (7) A person is taken to have been convicted of an alleged offence if — ( a ) the person has not been found guilty of the offence but asks for the offence to be taken into account when being sentenced for another offence; or ( b ) the person has been found guilty of the offence but is discharged without conviction. Subdivision (2) &#x2014; Certified pesticide operators


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s210
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 210
title: Application of Division 4 of Part 14 (general licensing procedures)
content:
210. Division 4 of Part 14 applies to every application to be appointed a certified pesticide operator, and to every certified pesticide operator appointed under this Subdivision, subject to the modifications in this Subdivision.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s211
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 211
title: Criteria for appointment
content:
211. —(1) This section applies where the Agency is deciding any of the following: ( a ) whether an applicant should be appointed as a certified pesticide operator; ( b ) the conditions to impose upon appointment as a certified pesticide operator; ( c ) whether to modify any condition of an appointment as a certified pesticide operator. (2) When making a decision mentioned in subsection (1), the Agency must have regard, and give such weight as the Agency considers appropriate, to all of the following matters: ( a ) whether the applicant — (i) possesses the qualifications and practical experience prescribed in the pesticide control regulations; and (ii) is a suitable individual to be a certified pesticide operator; ( b ) the applicant’s compliance history with any of the following so far as that relates to the applicant carrying out any prescribed pesticide work to which the applicant’s application relates: (i) the conditions of any appointment or previous appointment as a certified pesticide operator; (ii) any provision of this Act applicable to the applicant; (iii) any provision of a code of practice applicable to the applicant; ( c ) whether regulatory action under section 213 has been or is being taken or is contemplated against the applicant; ( d ) any available information as to whether or not the applicant has been convicted or found guilty of any relevant offence within the meaning of section 213(3); ( e ) whether it is otherwise not in the public interest of Singapore for the applicant to be or continue to be a certified pesticide operator. (3) To avoid doubt, the Agency is not confined to consideration of the matters specified in subsection (2) and may take into account any other matters and evidence that may be relevant.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s212
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 212
title: Tenure of appointment
content:
212. —(1) Every appointment as a certified pesticide operator under this Subdivision is in force for the period specified in the appointment — ( a ) except when it is suspended under section 213(2); and ( b ) unless it is earlier cancelled under section 213(1). (2) The period specified in any appointment under this Subdivision must not exceed 3 years.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s213
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 213
title: Regulatory action concerning certified pesticide operator
content:
213. —(1) Subject to Division 4 of Part 14, if the Agency is satisfied that — ( a ) a certified pesticide operator is convicted of a relevant offence committed during the term of his or her appointment; ( b ) a certified pesticide operator is contravening or not complying with, or has contravened or failed to comply with — (i) any of the conditions of his or her appointment; (ii) any provision of this Act applicable to the certified pesticide operator so far as that relates to the carrying out of prescribed pesticide work, the contravention of or non‑compliance with which is not an offence under this Act; (iii) any provision of a code of practice applicable to the certified pesticide operator so far as that relates to the carrying out of prescribed pesticide work; or (iv) any direction given to the certified pesticide operator under subsection (2)( b ); ( c ) a certified pesticide operator is carrying out, or causing or permitting to be carried out, any prescribed pesticide work in a careless, incompetent or unsafe manner; or ( d ) the appointment of a certified pesticide operator had been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation, the Agency may cancel (without any compensation) the appointment of the certified pesticide operator. (2) However, the Agency may, in lieu of cancelling under subsection (1) the appointment of a certified pesticide operator, do (without any compensation) one or more of the following: ( a ) censure the certified pesticide operator in writing; ( b ) direct the certified pesticide operator to do, or to refrain from doing, any thing that is specified in a direction, which may include any of the following: (i) completing any course, training, assessment, examination or test on prescribed pesticide work as the Agency may require; (ii) rectifying any contravention or non‑compliance mentioned in subsection (1)( b ); ( c ) suspend the appointment for not more than 6 months; ( d ) modify any condition of the appointment. (3) In this section, “relevant offence” means any of the following: ( a ) an offence under section 214, 215, 217, 219 or 220; ( b ) an offence under section 256 or 257 in relation to any prescribed pesticide work. Subdivision (3) &#x2014; Plant pesticide offences, defences
and presumptions


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s214
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 214
title: Unauthorised individual carrying on prescribed pesticide work
content:
214. —(1) An individual commits an offence if — ( a ) the individual carries on, or causes or permits to be carried on, any prescribed pesticide work for reward; and ( b ) the individual — (i) is not a certified pesticide operator authorised to carry out that kind of prescribed pesticide work; (ii) is not doing so under the direction or supervision of a certified pesticide operator authorised to carry out that kind of prescribed pesticide work; and (iii) is not exempt under section 320 or 321 from this section. (2) An individual who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means an individual who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the individual is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s215
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 215
title: Unregistered plant pesticide use
content:
215. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person intentionally uses, or causes or permits the use of, any plant pesticide in — (i) the cultivation of any edible plant; or (ii) any place where any primary production activity is undertaken; ( b ) the plant pesticide is an unregistered plant pesticide; and ( c ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the pesticide is an unregistered plant pesticide. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s216
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 216
title: Unregistered plant pesticide use — strict liability
content:
216. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person intentionally uses, or causes or permits the use of, any plant pesticide in — (i) the cultivation of any edible plant; or (ii) any place where any primary production activity is undertaken; and ( b ) the plant pesticide is an unregistered plant pesticide. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1) except subsection (1)( a ).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s217
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 217
title: Improper plant pesticide use
content:
217. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person intentionally uses, or causes or permits the use of, any plant pesticide in the cultivation of any edible plant; ( b ) the plant pesticide is a registered plant pesticide product; ( c ) the use is in contravention of, or is not in compliance with, any relevant instruction on an approved label for the plant pesticide product; and ( d ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the use is in contravention of, or is not in compliance with, any relevant instruction on an approved label for the plant pesticide product. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (3) In subsection (2), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s218
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 218
title: Improper plant pesticide use — strict liability
content:
218. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person intentionally uses, or causes or permits the use of, any plant pesticide in the cultivation of any edible plant; ( b ) the plant pesticide is a registered plant pesticide product; and ( c ) the use is in contravention of, or is not in compliance with, any relevant instruction on an approved label for the plant pesticide product. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) Strict liability applies to the offence in subsection (1) except subsection (1)( a ).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s219
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 219
title: Keeping plant pesticide in container without approved label
content:
219. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, keeps a registered plant pesticide product in a container that does not bear a label that is identical to the approved label for that product. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) In a prosecution for an offence under subsection (1) — ( a ) it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that the person charged knew or had reason to believe that the container of the registered plant pesticide product did not bear a label that is identical to the approved label for that product; but ( b ) it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person charged did not know, and could not reasonably have been expected to know, that the plant pesticide product was in the container.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s220
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 220
title: Interference with approved labels
content:
220. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse — ( a ) intentionally removes, alters, defaces or destroys; or ( b ) causes or allows to be intentionally removed, altered, defaced or destroyed, an approved label on a container of a registered plant pesticide product, except in accordance with subsection (2). (2) A person may remove, alter, deface or destroy a label on a container of a registered plant pesticide product — ( a ) in the course of disposing of the container which is empty; or ( b ) for the purpose of altering or replacing a label attached to the container containing the registered plant pesticide product in order to meet an applicable requirement of this Act relating to information on approved labels for that product. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (4) For the purpose of this section, where anything is attached to a label, or to the container to which a label is affixed, in such a way as to obscure anything printed on the label, the label is taken to be defaced. (5) For the purposes of subsection (1), where any modification is made to the content of any approved label that causes the relevant instructions on the approved label to be less easily legible, the label is taken to be altered. (6) However, subsection (1) does not apply to an alteration that consists of a modification to the content of an approved label that is prescribed in the pesticide control regulations as not likely to cause the registration of the plant pesticide product to be cancelled or the approval for the label to be cancelled.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s221
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 221
title: Defence to offence of unregistered plant pesticide use
content:
221. —(1) In proceedings for an offence under section 215(1) or 216(1), it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the person did not cultivate the edible plant as food, or for the purpose of supplying it as food; ( b ) the person had, in the course of supplying or offering or exposing for supply by retail, any edible plant, displayed or caused to be displayed, conspicuously within the premises or place where the plant was supplied or offered or exposed for supply, such number of warning notices stating that the edible plant is not cultivated or supplied as food as will give any customer in the premises or place adequate notice of that fact; ( c ) the person cultivated the edible plant in the course of, or for the purpose of, that plant being exported; or ( d ) a contract or arrangement has been entered into, or an understanding has been arrived at, for the edible plant to be exported, whether or not the person charged is a party to that contract, arrangement or understanding. (2) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect section 26H(4) of the Penal Code 1871 or any other exception in Chapter 4 of that Code.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s222
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 222
title: Defence to offence of improper plant pesticide use
content:
222. —(1) In proceedings for an offence under section 217(1) or 218(1), it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that — ( a ) the person complied with the relevant instructions on an approved label for a registered plant pesticide product (being an approved label that, at the time of the alleged offence, was affixed or attached to, or appeared on, the container of the plant pesticide product that was used); or ( b ) the person — (i) used a registered plant pesticide product at a concentration or rate lower than that specified in the relevant instructions on an approved label for the plant pesticide product (provided that the lower concentration or rate was not prohibited by the relevant instructions); and (ii) otherwise complied with the relevant instructions on the approved label. (2) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect section 26H(4) of the Penal Code 1871 or any other exception in Chapter 4 of that Code.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s223
chapter: PART 10 - MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE CONDUCT AND
section: 223
title: Presumption as to use of plant pesticide
content:
223. In proceedings for an offence under section 215(1), 216(1), 217(1) or 218(1) involving the use, or causing or permitting the use of, any plant pesticide in the cultivation of any edible plant on any premises, where it is proved that — ( a ) the premises are those on which a police officer or an authorised officer as authorised under this Act to enter those premises, finds upon entering those premises at that particular time — (i) any container on the premises containing at least 10 grams (or 10 millilitres) of plant pesticide; or (ii) any individual in those premises intentionally concealing, intentionally removing or intentionally destroying, any container containing at least 10 grams (or 10 millilitres) of plant pesticide; and ( b ) the premises are used (in whole or in part) at the particular time by any person to undertake any primary production activity involving the cultivation of any edible plant, every adult occupier of those premises at that particular time is presumed, until the contrary is proved, to have at that particular time the intent to keep the plant pesticide to apply, spray, spread or disperse the plant pesticide by any means on the edible plant in paragraph ( b ).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s224
chapter: PART 12 - APPEALS
section: 224
title: Right of appeal to Minister
content:
224. —(1) A person specified in column 3 in the table below opposite an appealable decision in column 2 in the table may appeal to the Minister against the decision: Item Column 2 Appealable decision Column 3 Appellant 1. A trigger notice given under section 23. The entity to whom the trigger notice is given. 2. A refusal under section 293(1)(b) read with section 78 to grant an import licence or export licence unless the applicant is disqualified under section 298 to hold that licence. The applicant for the import licence or export licence. 3. A refusal under section 293(1)(b) read with section 79 to grant an import consignment permit, an export consignment permit or a transhipment consignment permit. The applicant for the import consignment permit, export consignment permit or transhipment consignment permit. 4. A decision under section 80 imposing a condition on an import licence, an export licence or a consignment permit. The holder of the import licence, export licence or consignment permit. 5. A decision under section 82 modifying a condition of an import licence or an export licence. The holder of the import licence or export licence. 6. A decision under section 83 to take regulatory action against a licensed importer or licensed exporter. The holder or former holder (as the case may be) of the import licence or export licence. 7. A decision under section 84 to cancel an import consignment permit, an export consignment permit or a transhipment consignment permit. The licensed importer or licensed exporter who held the import consignment permit, export consignment permit or transhipment consignment permit cancelled. 8. A refusal under section 293(1)(b) read with section 92 to grant a food business licence unless the applicant is disqualified under section 298 to hold that licence. The applicant for the food business licence. 9. A decision under section 93 imposing a condition on a food business licence. The holder of the food business licence. 10. A decision under section 95 modifying a condition of a food business licence. The holder of the food business licence. 11. A decision under section 96 to take regulatory action against a food business licensee. The holder or former holder (as the case may be) of the food business licence who is the subject of the decision. 12. A refusal to grant pre‑market approval under section 293. The applicant for the pre‑market approval. 13. A decision under section 112 to cancel a pre‑market approval. The former holder of the pre‑market approval cancelled. 14. A refusal to consent under section 113(1) to a transfer or assignment of a pre‑market approval, or any rights, benefits or privileges under the pre‑market approval. The prospective transferee and the holder of the pre‑market approval, jointly. 15. A section 116 direction except an initial direction mentioned in section 116(5). A person mentioned in section 116(1) to whom the section 116 direction is given. 16. A Part 7 direction except an initial Part 7 direction mentioned in section 122(4). A person mentioned in section 119 to whom the Part 7 direction is given. 17. A refusal under section 293(1)(b) read with section 192 to grant an animal feed production licence unless the applicant is disqualified under section 298 to hold that licence. The applicant for the animal feed production licence. 18. A decision under section 193 imposing a condition on an animal feed production licence. The animal feed production licensee. 19. A decision under section 195 modifying a condition of an animal feed production licence. The animal feed production licensee. 20. A decision under section 196 to take regulatory action against an animal feed production licensee. The animal feed production licensee or former animal feed production licensee (as the case may be) who is the subject of the decision. 21. A decision refusing to register a plant pesticide product under section 205(2). The applicant for registration. 22. A decision under section 209 to cancel or suspend the registration of a plant pesticide product. The registrant or former registrant (as the case may be) who is the subject of the decision. 23. A refusal under section 293(1)(b) read with section 211 to appoint an individual as a certified pesticide operator. The applicant to be appointed a certified pesticide operator. 24. A decision under section 213 to take regulatory action against a certified pesticide operator. The certified pesticide operator or former certified pesticide operator (as the case may be) who is the subject of the decision. 25. The disqualification period specified in a written order under section 298(2). The person against whom the written order is made. 26. A written order made under section 298(2)(a)(ii) or (b). The person against whom the written order is made. (2) Any person entitled under subsection (1) to appeal to the Minister against an appealable decision by the Agency, the Director‑General or the Director‑General, Food Security is called an appellant in this Part.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s225
chapter: PART 12 - APPEALS
section: 225
title: Appeal procedure
content:
225. —(1) An appeal by an appellant must — ( a ) be made in a prescribed manner; ( b ) specify the grounds on which it is made; and ( c ) be made within a prescribed period after the date of receipt of the appealable decision that is appealed against. (2) The Minister may reject an appeal of an appellant who fails to comply with subsection (1). (3) In this section, “prescribed” means prescribed in rules made under section 229.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s226
chapter: PART 12 - APPEALS
section: 226
title: Decision on appeal
content:
226. —(1) It is the function and duty of the Minister to consider and determine an appeal made to the Minister under section 224. (2) However, the Minister is not under any duty to hear, consider or determine any appeal if it appears that the bringing of the appeal is, or the proceedings of the appeal are, frivolous or vexatious. (3) Subject to subsection (4), the Minister may determine an appeal made under section 224 by — ( a ) dismissing the appeal and confirming the decision appealed against; ( b ) allowing the appeal and referring the matter back to the maker of the appealable decision to reconsider the case; or ( c ) allowing the appeal and substituting or varying the decision appealed against. (4) Subsection (3)( c ) does not apply where the decision appealed against is a Part 7 direction or a section 116 direction. (5) In relation to the Minister determining an appeal under this Part — ( a ) Part 2 applies as if any reference in that Part to the Director‑General, Food Security were a reference to the Minister; ( b ) the following apply as if any reference in the respective Part to the Agency or the Director‑General were a reference to the Minister: (i) Parts 3 and 4; (ii) Parts 5 and 6; (iii) Part 11; (iv) section 298; or ( c ) Part 7 applies as if any reference in that Part to the Director‑General were a reference to the Minister. (6) The Minister’s decision under subsection (3) is final. (7) Every appellant must be notified of the Minister’s decision under subsection (3).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s227
chapter: PART 12 - APPEALS
section: 227
title: Effect of appeal on appealable decision
content:
227. An appeal against an appealable decision in section 224 does not affect the operation of the decision appealed against or prevent the taking of any action to implement the decision, and unless otherwise directed by the Minister under this section, the decision appealed against must be complied with until the determination of the appeal.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s228
chapter: PART 12 - APPEALS
section: 228
title: Designation of others to hear appeals
content:
228. —(1) The Minister may designate any of the following office‑holders in his or her Ministry to hear and determine, in the Minister’s place, any appeal made under section 224: ( a ) the Second Minister, if any; ( b ) any Minister of State or Senior Minister of State; ( c ) any Parliamentary Secretary or Senior Parliamentary Secretary. (2) A reference to the Minister in section 224, 225, 226 or 227 includes a reference to a person designated under subsection (1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s229
chapter: PART 12 - APPEALS
section: 229
title: Rules
content:
229. The Minister may make rules necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Part.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s230
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 230
title: Definitions for Part 13
content:
230. In this Part — “civil penalty provision”, for an entity subject to a minimum stockholding requirement in relation to an MSR product, means — ( a ) section 29(1) under which the entity is or may be liable to pay an MSR charge for contravention of the requirement in section 20( b ) as it applies to that entity and MSR product; or ( b ) section 30(1) under which the entity is or may be liable to pay an MSR charge for contravention of the requirement in section 20( a ) as it applies to that entity and MSR product; “enter”, in relation to premises which are a conveyance, includes boarding the conveyance so long as the conveyance remains within Singapore; “evidential material” means any of the following: ( a ) any thing with respect to which — (i) an offence under this Act has been committed or is suspected, on reasonable grounds, to have been committed; or (ii) a civil penalty provision has been contravened or is suspected, on reasonable grounds, to have been contravened; ( b ) any thing as to which there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that it will afford evidence as to — (i) the commission of any such offence; or (ii) the contravention of such a civil penalty provision; ( c ) any thing as to which there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that it is intended to be used for the purpose of committing any such offence or contravening such a civil penalty provision; “food security officer” includes the Director‑General, Food Security; “forcible entry” means doing any of the following to gain entry or access into any premises: ( a ) breaking open any outer or inner door or window leading to the premises; ( b ) removing by force any obstruction to the entry or search of the premises; ( c ) forcibly entering the premises; “individual in control”, in relation to a conveyance, means — ( a ) a pilot‑in‑command of an aircraft; ( b ) a master of a train; ( c ) a master of a vessel; ( d ) a driver or rider of a motor vehicle; ( e ) an individual reasonably believed to be involved in operating an unmanned aircraft, unmanned vessel or driverless motor vehicle; or ( f ) a rider of a bicycle or other pedal cycle that is built to be propelled solely by human power and is constructed or adapted for use on roads or public paths; “investigating power” means a power mentioned in section 246; “investigator”, in relation to any provision of Division 3, 4 or 5, means — ( a ) a food security officer who is appointed under this Act as a food security officer for the purposes of that provision; ( b ) an authorised officer who is appointed under this Act as an authorised officer for the purposes of that provision; ( c ) a food inspector who is appointed under this Act as a food inspector for the purposes of that provision; or ( d ) a Part 9 enforcement officer who is appointed under this Act as a Part 9 enforcement officer for the purposes of that provision; “licensable activity” means any of the following: ( a ) the import, export or transhipment of a controlled item for which a licence and a permit under Part 3 is required; ( b ) the carrying on of a type of licensable food business; ( c ) the production of animal feed for which an animal feed production licence is required under Part 11; ( d ) the carrying out of prescribed pesticide work; “monitoring power” means a power mentioned in section 234; “Part 9 offence” has the meaning given by section 172; “regulated activity” means any of the following, whether or not it is also a licensable activity: ( a ) the undertaking of any primary production activity; ( b ) the carrying on of a food business; ( c ) the handling of food intended for supply; ( d ) the carrying out of any work as a food worker in the course of the operation of a food business; ( e ) the production of animal feed; ( f ) the carrying out of prescribed pesticide work; ( g ) the provision of non‑packaged drinking water, whether or not as a drinking water producer providing a drinking water service; “relevant material” means any of the following: ( a ) any primary produce; ( b ) any food; ( c ) any animal feed; ( d ) any regulated food contact article; ( e ) any plant pesticide; ( f ) any MSR product that is not in paragraphs ( a ), ( b ), ( c ), ( d ) and ( e ); ( g ) any non‑packaged drinking water; “seized item” means any relevant material or other thing seized under section 250.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s231
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 231
title: Saving for other laws
content:
231. Nothing in this Part affects — ( a ) a police officer’s powers or duties under any provision of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 or other written law; or ( b ) any other power specially vested in a food security officer, an authorised officer, a food inspector or a Part 9 enforcement officer under any other provision of this Act. Division 2 &#x2014; Monitoring powers


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s232
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 232
title: Monitoring powers: who can exercise
content:
232. A monitoring power in a provision of this Division is exercisable by a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector, who is appointed under this Act as a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector (as the case may be) for the purposes of that provision.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s233
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 233
title: Monitoring powers: why
content:
233. —(1) A food security officer may exercise a monitoring power for one or more of the following purposes, only: ( a ) to determine whether the minimum stockholding requirement in relation to the MSR product has been, or is being, complied with by an entity that is subject to a minimum stockholding requirement in relation to that MSR product; ( b ) to determine for the purposes of section 27 whether a divesting entity’s minimum stockholding requirement in relation to an MSR product is being assumed by, or divided with, another receiving entity or entities; ( c ) to determine whether information given in compliance, or purported compliance, with a provision in Part 2 or any Part 2 Rules is correct. (2) An authorised officer or a food inspector may exercise a monitoring power for one or more of the following purposes, only: ( a ) to determine for the purposes of section 78, 79, 92, 110, 192, 205 or 211 whether to grant an FSSA authorisation under that section; ( b ) to determine whether there is any ground to take regulatory action under section 83, 84, 96, 112, 196, 209 or 213; ( c ) to determine whether information given in compliance, or purported compliance, with a provision in this Act (other than Part 2 or any Part 2 Rules) is correct.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s234
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 234
title: Monitoring powers: what
content:
234. The monitoring powers are as follows: ( a ) the power in section 236 to enter premises; ( b ) any power in section 237 after entering premises; ( c ) the powers set out in sections 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 and 243.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s235
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 235
title: Monitoring powers: where
content:
235. —(1) The premises where a monitoring power may be exercised by a food security officer are as follows: ( a ) any premises occupied or used by an entity that is subject to a minimum stockholding requirement in relation to an MSR product; ( b ) any premises occupied or used by an entity that is an agri‑food supply chain participant (but not an ultimate consumer) and is undertaking any MSR activity in relation to an MSR product; ( c ) any premises (except a private residence) occupied by an individual who is or was an officer of an entity mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ); ( d ) any premises (except a private residence) occupied by an individual who is an employee of an entity mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ); ( e ) any premises where any MSR product is held by an entity mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or ( b ). (2) The premises where a monitoring power may be exercised by an authorised officer or a food inspector are as follows: ( a ) any premises (except a private residence) occupied or used by a holder of an FSSA authorisation, or an applicant for an FSSA authorisation, for or in connection with a licensable activity undertaken or to be undertaken by the holder or applicant; ( b ) any premises (except a private residence) occupied by an individual who is or was an officer of a person mentioned in paragraph ( a ); ( c ) any premises (except a private residence) occupied by an individual who is an employee of a person mentioned in paragraph ( a ).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s236
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 236
title: Power to enter premises for monitoring
content:
236. —(1) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may, at a reasonable time in the day or night, and without warrant, enter and remain at — ( a ) any of the premises mentioned in section 235(1), in the case of a food security officer; or ( b ) any of the premises mentioned in section 235(2), in the case of an authorised officer or a food inspector. (2) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector entering any premises — ( a ) may be accompanied by any number of police officers or other individuals that the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) considers necessary; and ( b ) may take into or onto the premises any equipment and materials that he or she requires for the purpose of exercising monitoring powers in relation to those premises. (3) If the owner or occupier of the premises is present when a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector seeks to enter the premises under subsection (1), the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) must, before entering — ( a ) declare his or her office to the owner or occupier; and ( b ) show to the owner or occupier his or her identification card as proof of identity. (4) If the owner or occupier of the premises is not present when entry under subsection (1) or (2) to the premises is sought, but some other individual who appears to be in charge of the premises is present, then subsection (3) applies to that other individual as if that individual were the owner or occupier of the premises. (5) However, subsections (3) and (4) do not apply if the premises in question are unoccupied at the time of entry. (6) This section does not empower a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector to exercise any power of forcible entry into any premises.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s237
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 237
title: Powers after entering premises
content:
237. —(1) After entering any premises, a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may exercise all or any of the following powers: ( a ) to observe any activity conducted in the premises; ( b ) to examine any animal, object or thing in the premises; ( c ) to inspect and examine the premises; ( d ) to make or direct the making of a sketch, photograph or film, or an audio or a video recording, of — (i) any part of the premises, and the immediate vicinity of those premises unless the immediate vicinity is or consists of a private residence; (ii) any animal, object or thing in the premises; or (iii) any activity conducted in or on the premises; ( e ) to do any of the following: (i) to open or require to be opened any door, window, lock, fastener, cupboard, compartment, box, container or any other thing; (ii) if the cupboard, compartment, box, container or other thing appears abandoned but is locked, to use reasonable force, including cutting or breaking open any lock, seal, fastener or other device on or connected to the cupboard, compartment, box, container or other thing so as to open it; ( f ) to interrupt any regulated activity being carried out in the premises; ( g ) to search any part of the premises; ( h ) to request to inspect, and to inspect, free of charge any document found on the premises; ( i ) to exercise any other monitoring power; ( j ) to take into or onto the premises any equipment or materials that the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) reasonably requires for the exercise of a monitoring power; ( k ) to request the occupier of the premises, or some other individual who appears to be in charge of the premises and is present, to give the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) reasonable help to exercise the officer’s or inspector’s powers under paragraphs ( a ) to ( j ). (2) Section 238 applies to a request made under subsection (1)( h ) with the necessary modifications. (3) When making a request mentioned in subsection (1)( k ), the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) must warn the individual requested that it is an offence to fail to comply with the request, unless the individual has a reasonable excuse.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s238
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 238
title: Power to get documents or information
content:
238. —(1) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may require a person who is required under any provision of this Act to keep records ( a ) to provide for inspection any document or information to the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) within the period and in the manner specified by the officer or inspector; and ( b ) to allow an inspection and taking of extracts from, or making copies of, any such document or information, free of charge. (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), where any document or information is kept in electronic form, the power to inspect the document or information includes the power — ( a ) to access any computer or other equipment (including a mobile communication device) in which the document or information is stored; and ( b ) to require any person having charge of, or otherwise concerned with the operation of, the computer or equipment to provide assistance in gaining such access to the document or information contained or available to the computer or equipment, including assistance through the provision of any username, password, access code or other authentication information required to gain access to it. (3) For the purposes of subsection (1), the power to inspect any document or information includes the power to take possession of the document or any thing containing the information (but not a mobile phone or wearable device (such as a smart watch) designed or capable of being used for any communicative function) if, in the opinion of a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector concerned — ( a ) the inspection or copying of or extraction from the document or thing cannot reasonably be performed without taking possession; ( b ) the document or thing may be interfered with or destroyed unless possession is taken; or ( c ) the document or thing may be evidential material or be required as evidence in any regulatory action instituted or commenced under this Act. (4) For the purposes of subsection (1)( b ), if any document or information is in an electronic form contained or available to a computer or other electronic equipment in any premises, the power to take extracts from, or make copies of, such document or information includes the power — ( a ) to use or operate the computer or other electronic equipment in the premises to make one or more copies of the document or information contained or available to that computer or equipment; and ( b ) to transfer the document or information to a disk, tape or other storage device that — (i) is brought to the premises for the exercise of the power; or (ii) is in the premises and the use of which for that purpose has been agreed in writing by the occupier of the premises, and to remove the disk, tape or other storage device from those premises. (5) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector is entitled without payment to keep any document or information, or any copy or extract thereof, provided to him or her under this section.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s239
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 239
title: Power to identify and hold food, plant pesticide, etc.
content:
239. —(1) If, after entering any premises, a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector reasonably believes that any compartment, box, container or other thing in the premises contains any relevant material, the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) may — ( a ) identify the relevant material; or ( b ) require the owner or any individual who appears to be in charge of the relevant material — (i) to hold it at the premises where it is; or (ii) to move it to, and hold it at, any other reasonable place that the officer or inspector specifies, until a further lawful direction of a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector. (2) For the purposes of subsection (1)( a ), a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may use, or require the use of, any reasonable means to identify or mark the relevant material concerned. (3) Without limiting subsection (1), a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may do all or any of the following to any relevant material: ( a ) secure it by marking, sealing or labelling it or using any other similar means; ( b ) keep or store it in or on board any conveyance or in any premises, and may lock or seal the conveyance or those premises; ( c ) mark, seal or lock any door or opening containing or affording access to any relevant material; ( d ) direct its owner not to trade in it or use it until the results of any examination of the relevant material are available or necessary remedial action has been completed. (4) This section does not limit section 240.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s240
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 240
title: Power to require presentation of live animals
content:
240. —(1) After entering any premises, an authorised officer or a food inspector may reasonably — ( a ) require the owner or a person in control of a live food producing animal in those premises to present the animal in a manner suitable for examination and identification; ( b ) direct the owner or a person in control of a live food producing animal in those premises to hold, isolate, separate it, or to treat all or any of those live food producing animals, for any purpose in paragraph ( a ); ( c ) require the owner or a person in control of a live food producing animal in those premises to move or bring the animal to a convenient place within a reasonable distance of those premises, to allow the authorised officer or food inspector to exercise monitoring powers in relation to the animal, and detain the animal at that place for as long as is reasonably necessary to allow the authorised officer or food inspector to exercise those monitoring powers; or ( d ) examine and identify a live food producing animal presented, held, isolated, separated, treated, moved, brought or detained under paragraph ( a ), ( b ) or ( c ). (2) Without limiting subsection (1), an authorised officer or a food inspector may identify an animal by marking it or using any other suitable means. (3) If the owner or person in control of a live food producing animal fails to present the animal as required under subsection (1)( a ) or to move the animal as required under subsection (1)( c ), an authorised officer or a food inspector may capture, collect, muster, extract, harvest, or pen the animal for the relevant purpose. (4) The presentation or movement of any live food producing animal required under subsection (1)( a ) or ( c ) is at the cost of the person to whom the requirement or direction under subsection (1) was addressed. (5) Any expenses reasonably incurred by an authorised officer or a food inspector in the exercise of his or her powers under subsection (3) may be recovered, as a debt due to the Agency, from the person to whom the requirement or direction under subsection (1) was addressed. (6) No compensation is payable in respect of any animal which is damaged or otherwise destroyed by virtue of any examination or identification under subsection (1) or any exercise of powers under subsection (3), unless the damage or destruction is directly attributable to the negligence or default of the authorised officer or food inspector. (7) A requirement or direction under subsection (1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ) must be in writing, or be confirmed in writing as soon as practicable after being given orally.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s241
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 241
title: Power to take and sample
content:
241. —(1) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may do all or any of the following: ( a ) take any relevant material or a sample of any relevant material; ( b ) take a sample from any animal, or of any thing, that is or has been in contact with, or in the vicinity of, any relevant material; ( c ) for the purpose of analysis, take samples of water, soil, vegetation or any other thing that is part of the environment in which — (i) any licensable activity has been or is being undertaken; or (ii) any MSR product is held. (2) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector who wishes to exercise the power in subsection (1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ) by taking a sample of any relevant material that is in an unopened package, may direct — ( a ) the owner, or person who appears to be in charge, of the package or the relevant material contained in the package, to open the package; or ( b ) the owner or occupier of the premises where the unopened package is, to open the package. (3) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector who exercises the powers mentioned in subsection (1) or (2) must give notice to — ( a ) the owner, or person who appears to be in charge, of the package, thing, relevant material or animal, as the case may be; or ( b ) the owner or occupier of the premises where the package, thing, relevant material or animal (as the case may be) is, whether or not the food security officer, authorised officer, food inspector (as the case may be) intends to exercise powers mentioned in section 242. (4) To avoid doubt, a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector is not required to exercise powers mentioned in section 242 after the giving of a notice under subsection (3). (5) In this section and section 242 — “sample” includes an example; “take”, in relation to any relevant material or thing, includes to purchase the relevant material or thing; “take a sample”, from an animal, means — ( a ) to take a swab from the animal or of any part of the animal; ( b ) to take a sample of any part of the animal; or ( c ) to take a sample of any urine, faeces, blood or other article or substance from, or which has been in contact with, the animal.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s242
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 242
title: Power to test samples
content:
242. —(1) This section applies where a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector — ( a ) takes any relevant material, or takes a sample of any relevant material or thing under section 241; ( b ) takes a sample from an animal under section 241; or ( c ) acquires any relevant material from a member of the general public who has complained about the relevant material in connection with any provision of this Act. (2) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may — ( a ) test the sample or swab; ( b ) arrange for the testing of the sample or swab; or ( c ) require the person notified under section 241(3) with respect to the sample or swab to — (i) arrange for the testing of the sample or swab; and (ii) provide the results to the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector, as the case may be. (3) The person notified under section 241(3) with respect to the sample or swab taken or acquired is not entitled to compensation for any damage or destruction resulting from the taking or testing of a sample or swab unless the damage or destruction is directly attributable to the negligence or default of a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s243
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 243
title: Powers in relation to conveyances
content:
243. —(1) Where any premises in section 235 are a conveyance, a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector may, without warrant — ( a ) if the conveyance is moving — (i) request or direct the individual in control of the conveyance to stop; and (ii) detain the conveyance for as long as is reasonably necessary for the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) to exercise his or her monitoring powers in relation to the conveyance; and ( b ) whether or not the conveyance is moving — (i) request or direct the individual in control of the conveyance to move or bring the conveyance to a convenient place within a reasonable distance to allow the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) to exercise his or her monitoring powers in relation to the conveyance; and (ii) detain the conveyance at that place for as long as is reasonably necessary to allow the food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) to exercise those monitoring powers. (2) When asking or directing an individual in control of a moving conveyance to stop the conveyance or bring it to a convenient place, a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector must clearly identify himself or herself as a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector (as the case may be) exercising his or her powers under this Act. (3) In this section, “conveyance” does not include an aircraft, a train or a vessel that is not a fishing vessel. Division 3 &#x2014; Investigating powers


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s244
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 244
title: Investigating powers: who can exercise
content:
244. An investigating power in a provision of this Division is exercisable by any of the following appointed for the purposes of that provision (called an investigator): ( a ) a food security officer; ( b ) an authorised officer; ( c ) a food inspector; ( d ) a Part 9 enforcement officer.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s245
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 245
title: Investigating powers: why
content:
245. —(1) A food security officer may exercise an investigating power for one or more of the following purposes, only: ( a ) to inquire into anything where the food security officer suspects on reasonable grounds that — (i) an offence under section 28(3), 31(1), 35(3) or 36(1) or any Part 2 Rules has been or is being committed; (ii) an offence under section 253, 254, 255, 256 or 257 involving a food security officer has been or is being committed; or (iii) a contravention of a minimum stockholding requirement has occurred or is occurring and any liability to pay an MSR charge has accrued or is accruing under a civil penalty provision; ( b ) to gather evidential material relating to any offence or contravention mentioned in paragraph ( a ), that the food security officer suspects on reasonable grounds has been or is being committed or has occurred or is occurring, as the case may be. (2) An authorised officer or a food inspector may exercise an investigating power for one or more of the following purposes, only: ( a ) to inquire into anything where the authorised officer or food inspector suspects on reasonable grounds that any offence under this Act has been or is being committed, excluding any of the following: (i) an offence mentioned in subsection (1)( a ); (ii) a Part 9 offence; (iii) an offence under Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations; ( b ) to gather evidential material that relates to any offence under this Act (but not an offence excluded by paragraph ( a )) that the authorised officer or food inspector suspects on reasonable grounds has been or is being committed; ( c ) to determine whether there is any ground to give a section 116 direction or a Part 7 direction to any person; ( d ) to determine whether — (i) any food is unsafe food, unsuitable food or a defined food; (ii) any controlled item is failing; (iii) any animal feed is not fit for purpose; or (iv) any non‑packaged drinking water is unwholesome. (3) A Part 9 enforcement officer may exercise an investigating power for one or more of the following purposes, only: ( a ) to inquire into anything where the Part 9 enforcement officer suspects on reasonable grounds that any of the following has been or is being committed: (i) a Part 9 offence; (ii) an offence under Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations; ( b ) to gather evidential material that relates to any offence mentioned in paragraph ( a ) that the Part 9 enforcement officer suspects on reasonable grounds that has been or is being committed.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s246
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 246
title: Investigating powers: what
content:
246. —(1) Subject to subsection (2), the following are the investigating powers that may be exercised by an investigator in relation to premises under section 247: ( a ) any monitoring power; ( b ) the special powers of entry under section 248; ( c ) the powers under sections 249, 250, 251 and 252. (2) Where a Part 9 enforcement officer is concerned, a reference in subsection (1)( a ) to a monitoring power does not include a reference to a monitoring power mentioned in section 237(1)( e )(ii) or ( f ), 239, 240 or 241(1)( b ) or ( c ), 242(1)( b ) or ( c ) or 243.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s247
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 247
title: Investigating powers: where
content:
247. —(1) The premises in relation to which a food security officer may exercise an investigating power are as follows: ( a ) any of the premises mentioned in section 235(1); ( b ) any premises occupied or used in the course of a business by a person — (i) who is an agri‑food supply chain participant, or is closely connected with, an agri‑food supply chain; and (ii) who falls within any class of persons prescribed in the Part 2 Rules for the purposes of section 32. (2) The premises in relation to which an authorised officer or a food inspector may exercise an investigating power are as follows: ( a ) any of the premises in section 235(2); ( b ) any premises occupied or used for or in connection with a regulated activity which has been or is being undertaken at those premises and whether or not a private residence; ( c ) any food premises, whether or not the subject of a food business licence and whether or not a private residence; ( d ) any premises adjoining or near any premises in paragraph ( a ), ( b ) or ( c ), subject to subsection (3). (3) However, an investigating power may be exercised in relation to premises mentioned in subsection (2)( d ) only if the authorised officer or food inspector concerned believes on reasonable grounds — ( a ) that it is necessary to do so for the purpose of entering any other premises mentioned in subsection (2)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ); or ( b ) that activities are being carried out in the premises mentioned in subsection (2)( d ) in such a manner, or that the premises are in such a state or condition, that presents or is likely to present a hazard or a source of contamination that may adversely affect any of the following in, or carried out in, the adjoining premises or nearby premises: (i) the safety or suitability of any food or primary produce handled or produced by a food business; (ii) any live food producing animal, or other thing that may become food; (iii) the fitness for purpose of animal feed produced or being produced. (4) The premises in relation to which a Part 9 enforcement officer may exercise an investigating power are — ( a ) any food premises that is not a private residence; or ( b ) any other premises (except a private residence) where food is supplied or is to be supplied or from which food is supplied or is to be supplied.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s248
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 248
title: Special powers of entry
content:
248. —(1) A food security officer may, at a reasonable time in the day or night, enter and remain at any of the premises mentioned in section 247(1) without a warrant; and section 236 applies to entering into and remaining in any of those premises subject to subsection (2). (2) Despite section 236(6), a food security officer may make a forcible entry into premises mentioned in section 247(1) if all the following circumstances are met: ( a ) the food security officer suspects on reasonable grounds that an offence or contravention mentioned in section 245(1)( a ) has been or is being committed or has occurred or is occurring, and there is evidential material in those premises relevant to the offence or contravention; ( b ) the food security officer is unable to enter, or is refused entry to, those premises; ( c ) the food security officer is reasonably satisfied that it is necessary to secure the evidential material in order to prevent the material from being concealed, lost or destroyed; ( d ) the premises to be entered is not a private residence. (3) An authorised officer or a food inspector may, at a reasonable time in the day or night, enter and remain at any of the premises mentioned in section 247(2) or (3) without a warrant; and section 236 applies to entering into and remaining in any of those premises, subject to subsections (4) and (5). (4) Despite section 236(6), an authorised officer or a food inspector may make a forcible entry into premises mentioned in section 247(2) or (3) if all the following circumstances are met: ( a ) the authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) suspects on reasonable grounds that any offence under this Act (except an offence mentioned in section 245(1)( a ) or under Part 9) has been or is being committed and there is evidential material in those premises relevant to such an offence; ( b ) the authorised officer or food inspector is unable to enter, or is refused entry to, those premises; ( c ) the authorised officer or food inspector is reasonably satisfied that it is necessary to secure the evidential material in order to prevent the material from being concealed, lost or destroyed; ( d ) the premises to be entered is not a private residence. (5) Despite section 236(6), an authorised officer or a food inspector may make a forcible entry into premises if all the following circumstances are met: ( a ) the authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) suspects on reasonable grounds that there is in the premises any of the following relevant material: (i) any food which is unsafe food, unsuitable food or a defined food; (ii) any primary produce which is unsafe; (iii) any controlled item which is failing; (iv) any animal feed which is not fit for purpose; (v) any non‑packaged drinking water for supply which is unwholesome; (vi) any unregistered plant pesticide; ( b ) the authorised officer or food inspector is unable to enter, or is refused entry to, those premises; ( c ) the authorised officer or food inspector is reasonably satisfied that it is necessary to make a forcible entry to prevent or reduce a serious danger, or an imminent risk, of death or serious illness of any person from any relevant material in paragraph ( a ) being handled, used or supplied in connection with any regulated activity which has been or is being undertaken at those premises; ( d ) the premises to be entered is not a private residence. (6) A Part 9 enforcement officer may, at a reasonable time in the day or night, enter and remain at any of the premises mentioned in section 247(4) without a warrant; and section 236 applies to an entry into and remaining in any of those premises, subject to subsection (7). (7) Despite section 236(6), a Part 9 enforcement officer may make a forcible entry into premises mentioned in section 247(4) if all the following circumstances are met: ( a ) the Part 9 enforcement officer suspects on reasonable grounds that — (i) a Part 9 offence; or (ii) an offence under Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations, has been or is being committed and there is evidential material in those premises relevant to such an offence; ( b ) the Part 9 enforcement officer is unable to enter, or is refused entry to, those premises; ( c ) the Part 9 enforcement officer is reasonably satisfied that it is necessary to secure the evidential material in order to prevent the material from being concealed, lost or destroyed.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s249
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 249
title: Special information gathering powers
content:
249. —(1) Where — ( a ) a food security officer believes on reasonable grounds that an offence or contravention mentioned in section 245(1)( a ) has been or is being committed or has occurred or is occurring; ( b ) an authorised officer or a food inspector believes on reasonable grounds that an offence under this Act has been or is being committed, except an offence mentioned in paragraph ( a ) or a Part 9 offence; or ( c ) a Part 9 enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that an offence under this Act as follows has been or is being committed: (i) a Part 9 offence; (ii) an offence under Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations, the investigator concerned may exercise the powers in subsection (2) for the purposes of an investigation into that offence or contravention. (2) An investigator may, by written order, require any individual whom the investigator reasonably believes to be acquainted with any fact or circumstance relevant to the offence or contravention concerned, to do all or any of the following: ( a ) to attend before the same or another investigator to answer any question (to the best of that individual’s knowledge, information and belief) immediately or at a place and time specified in the written order (called in this section an examination); ( b ) to provide information to the same or another similar investigator immediately or at a place and time specified in the written order; ( c ) to provide any document to the same or another investigator for inspection, within the period and in the manner specified in the written order. (3) The examination must take place in private, and the investigator may give directions as to who may be present during the examination or part thereof. (4) An investigator may, and must if the individual examined under subsection (2) so requests, record any information provided at the examination by the individual as a statement which is admissible as evidence in any proceedings in connection with any offence under this Act or any contravention involving a civil penalty provision. (5) The individual questioned under subsection (2)( a ) is bound to state truly the facts and circumstances with which the individual is acquainted concerning the case. (6) A statement made by any individual questioned under subsection (2)( a ) must — ( a ) be reduced to writing; ( b ) be read over to the person; ( c ) if the person does not understand English, be interpreted in a language that the person understands; and ( d ) after correction (if necessary), be signed by the individual. (7) An investigator must, if requested in writing by the individual examined under subsection (2) to give to the individual a copy of the written record made under subsection (4), provide a copy of the written record without charge within a reasonable time, subject to any conditions that the investigator may impose. (8) If any individual fails to attend before the investigator as required by an order under subsection (2)( a ), an investigator may report the failure to a Magistrate who may issue a warrant to secure the attendance of that individual as required by the order. (9) Section 238 applies to an order made under subsection (2)( b ) or ( c ) with the necessary modifications.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s250
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 250
title: Power to seize
content:
250. —(1) Upon entering premises, a food security officer may seize any relevant material or other thing in those premises if he or she reasonably believes that the relevant material or thing is evidential material relating to an offence or contravention mentioned in section 245(1)( a ) that has been or is being committed or has occurred or is occurring. (2) Upon entering premises, an authorised officer or a food inspector may seize any relevant material or other thing in those premises if he or she reasonably believes that the relevant material or thing is evidential material relating to any offence under this Act that has been or is being committed, except an offence mentioned in section 245(1)( a ) or a Part 9 offence. (3) Upon entering premises, a Part 9 enforcement officer may seize any relevant material or other thing in those premises if he or she reasonably believes that the relevant material or thing is evidential material relevant to any of the following that has been or is being committed: ( a ) a Part 9 offence; ( b ) an offence under Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations. (4) In addition to subsection (2), an authorised officer or a food inspector may seize any relevant material or other thing described in subsection (5) if he or she reasonably believes, after making the inquiries that are reasonable in the circumstances — ( a ) that the relevant material or other thing — (i) has been abandoned; or (ii) has no apparent or readily identifiable owner; ( b ) that the seizure is necessary to prevent the relevant material or thing being used to continue, or repeat, an offence under this Act that has been or is being committed, except an offence mentioned in section 245(1)( a ) or under Part 9; or ( c ) that the relevant material or thing is decayed or putrefied or deleterious to human health. (5) For the purposes of subsection (4) — ( a ) the relevant material is any of the following: (i) any food which is unsafe food, unsuitable food or a defined food; (ii) any primary produce which is unsafe; (iii) any controlled item which is failing; (iv) any animal feed which is not fit for purpose; (v) any non‑packaged drinking water for supply which is unwholesome; (vi) any unregistered plant pesticide; or ( b ) the other thing is any of the following: (i) a live food producing animal which is not clinically healthy and not free from signs of infectious or contagious disease; (ii) an animal reproductive material which was extracted or otherwise taken from a food producing animal that was not clinically healthy and not free from signs of infectious or contagious disease at the time of extraction or taking; (iii) a suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination giving rise to a risk to human health. (6) For the purposes of this section, an authorised officer or a food inspector may reasonably believe that an entire consignment or lot of food is unsafe or unsuitable or is a defined food, or an entire consignment or lot of primary produce is unsafe, for the purpose of exercising a power in subsection (1) if the authorised officer or food inspector — ( a ) samples part of the consignment or lot; ( b ) forms the opinion that the sample is unsafe or unsuitable, or is a defined food; and ( c ) forms the opinion that the consignment or lot — (i) has probably been managed in the same way as the sample; or (ii) has been subject to the same conditions or treatment as the sample. (7) Where a live food producing animal is involved, an authorised officer or a food inspector may — ( a ) seize the animal as well as the whole or any sample of any article or substance which has been in contact with the animal and take them to the place of examination; or ( b ) in writing direct the owner or person in charge of the animal to deliver the animal as well as the whole or any sample of any article or substance which has been in contact with the animal to a specified place of examination at a specified time. (8) To avoid doubt, where any other thing seized in exercise of the power conferred on a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector under subsection (1) or (2) is a conveyance, that power may be exercised whether or not the owner or an individual in control of the conveyance is present at the time of the seizure of the conveyance. (9) A food security officer, an authorised officer, a food inspector or a Part 9 enforcement officer — ( a ) must prepare and sign a list of all relevant material or other things seized under this section, recording the location where each of the relevant material or other thing is found; and ( b ) must give a copy of that list to an owner of the relevant material or thing, except where the relevant material or other thing — (i) has been abandoned; (ii) has no apparent or readily identifiable owner; or (iii) has been seized in the presence of the owner or the owner’s agent.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s251
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 251
title: Detaining food, food contact article, etc., seized
content:
251. —(1) Where any relevant material or other thing has been seized by an investigator under section 250, the investigator may require the relevant material or thing — ( a ) to be detained at the place or premises where the investigator seized it; or ( b ) to be removed to another place or premises and detained there. (2) Any relevant material or other thing required under subsection (1) to be detained or removed and detained must be detained or removed and detained (as the case may be) at the cost of — ( a ) the owner of the relevant material or other thing at the time it was seized; or ( b ) if the investigator does not know who the owner is, the person who possessed the relevant material or other thing at the time it was seized.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s252
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 252
title: Power to obtain disclosure of identity
content:
252. —(1) An authorised officer or a food inspector may request an individual in a public place, who is transporting or delivering food, or is handling or otherwise in possession of food for sale — ( a ) to disclose — (i) the individual’s full name and address; (ii) the full name and address of the person from whom the food was obtained, if that person is known to the individual; and (iii) whether the individual is employed or self‑employed, and if an employee, the name of the individual’s employer; and ( b ) to provide proof of the individual’s identity. (2) An authorised officer or a food inspector may detain an individual mentioned in subsection (1) for so long as is reasonably necessary for the purposes of this section. (3) Any individual asked under subsection (1) is bound to state truly what the individual is asked. Division 4 &#x2014; Offences relating to enforcement


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s253
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 253
title: Obstructing entry, etc.
content:
253. —(1) Where an investigator or outsourced enforcement officer is authorised under this Act to enter any premises, a person commits an offence if the person — ( a ) wilfully prevents the investigator or outsourced enforcement officer from entering or re‑entering those premises or any part of those premises; ( b ) wilfully obstructs or delays the investigator or outsourced enforcement officer from entering or re‑entering those premises or any part of those premises; or ( c ) gives an alarm or causes an alarm to be given for the purpose of notifying anyone else in those premises of the presence of the investigator or outsourced enforcement officer. (2) A person commits an offence if the person — ( a ) intentionally alters, suppresses or destroys any document or any information or material which the person has been required under section 238 or 249 to provide; or ( b ) intentionally or otherwise obstructs, hinders or delays an investigator or an outsourced enforcement officer, in the discharge of his or her duties under any provision of this Act. (3) A person commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with any request, requirement or direction (except a requirement under section 32 or a Part 7 direction) which is made or given by an investigator or an outsourced enforcement officer to that person under any provision of this Act. (4) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1), (2) or (3) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (5) However, it is not an offence under subsection (1), (2) or (3) for a person to refuse to comply with any request, requirement or direction made or given by an investigator or outsourced enforcement officer, who — ( a ) fails to declare his or her office; and ( b ) refuses to produce his or her identification card on demand being made by that person.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s254
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 254
title: Interfering with seals or markings of authorised officer, etc.
content:
254. —(1) A person commits an offence if the person, without the express authority of an investigator — ( a ) intentionally alters, breaks, removes or erases any mark, seal or label; ( b ) intentionally opens, breaks or otherwise interferes with any lock or seal; or ( c ) intentionally defaces or destroys, any lock, mark, seal or label, placed by the same or another investigator or an outsourced enforcement officer, on any relevant material or other thing under section 239 or 240 or on any sample taken under section 241. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s255
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 255
title: Impersonating
content:
255. —(1) An individual who represents himself or herself, by word or conduct — ( a ) to be a food security officer when he or she is not a food security officer; ( b ) to be an authorised officer when he or she is not an authorised officer; ( c ) to be a food inspector when he or she is not a food inspector; ( d ) to be a Part 9 enforcement officer when he or she is not a Part 9 enforcement officer; ( e ) to be an outsourced enforcement officer when he or she is not an outsourced enforcement officer; or ( f ) to be an authorised analyst when he or she is not an authorised analyst, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (2) However, it is a defence in any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) where the person charged proves, on the balance of probabilities, that the person charged used or possessed an identification card or equipment issued, or purportedly issued, under section 175(4), 281 or 282 (as the case may be) for the purposes of a public entertainment provided in compliance with the Public Entertainments Act 1958.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s256
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 256
title: Forging inspection advice, certificates, etc.
content:
256. —(1) A person must not forge, or apply, knowing it to be forged, a document of the kind mentioned in subsection (2). (2) A document to which subsection (1) applies is any of the following: ( a ) an inspection advice; ( b ) a recognised foreign government certificate; ( c ) an FSSA authorisation; ( d ) a registration mark for a plant pesticide; ( e ) an authorised analyst’s certificate issued under section 288. (3) A person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $15,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or (ii) where the individual is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — (i) to a fine not exceeding $30,000; or (ii) where the person is a repeat offender — to a fine not exceeding $60,000. (4) For the purposes of this section, a person is taken to have forged a document if the person — ( a ) makes a document which is false, knowing it to be false; or ( b ) without authority, alters a genuine document in a material particular, with intent that — ( c ) the false or altered document may be used, acted on, or accepted, as genuine, to the prejudice of another person; or ( d ) another person may, in the belief that it is genuine, be induced to do or refrain from doing an act, whether in Singapore or elsewhere. (5) For the purposes of this section, if a person — ( a ) makes a document which is false, knowing it to be false; ( b ) without authority, alters a genuine document in a material particular; or ( c ) with intent that a computer, a machine or other device should respond to the false or altered document as if it were genuine — (i) to the prejudice of another person; or (ii) with the result that another person would be induced to do or refrain from doing an act, whether in Singapore or elsewhere, the firstmentioned person is taken to have forged the document. (6) For the purposes of this section, a person is taken to apply a forged document if the person — ( a ) uses or deals with it; ( b ) attempts to use or deal with it; or ( c ) attempts to induce another person to use, deal with, act upon, or accept it. (7) In subsection (3), “repeat offender”, in relation to an offence under subsection (1), means a person who — ( a ) is convicted, or found guilty, of such an offence (called the current offence); and ( b ) has been convicted or found guilty, on at least one other earlier occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which the person is convicted or found guilty of the current offence, of an offence under subsection (1).


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s257
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 257
title: Offence of providing false information, etc.
content:
257. —(1) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person gives any document, information or material in or in connection with — (i) an application (whether for that person or for another) for any FSSA authorisation; (ii) an appeal under Part 12; or (iii) a requirement or direction of an investigator under a relevant provision of this Act; ( b ) the document, information, material or statement either — (i) is false or misleading; or (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information or material is misleading; and ( c ) the person knows, or ought reasonably to know, that the document, information, material or statement is as described in paragraph ( b )(i) or (ii). (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $20,000. (3) However, subsection (1) does not apply if the document, information, material or statement — ( a ) is not false or misleading in a material particular; or ( b ) did not omit any matter or thing without which the document, information, material or statement (as the case may be) is not misleading in a material particular. (4) In this section and section 258 — “give”, in relation to any information or material, includes making a statement orally, in writing or any other way; “relevant provision of this Act” means any of the following: ( a ) section 32; ( b ) section 89; ( c ) section 101; ( d ) section 127; ( e ) section 201; ( f ) section 238; ( g ) section 249; ( h ) section 252. Division 5 &#x2014; Evidential and ancillary matters of
general application


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s258
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 258
title: Obligation to give information
content:
258. —(1) A person is not excused for not complying with a requirement imposed under a relevant provision of this Act to give any information on the ground that the person is subject to a duty of confidentiality or privacy under any prescribed written law, any rule of law, any contract or any rule of professional conduct, that prevents or restricts the person from complying with the requirement. (2) Subject to subsection (4), a requirement imposed under a relevant provision of this Act to give any information has effect despite any obligations as to secrecy or other restrictions upon the disclosure of information imposed by any prescribed written law or any requirement imposed thereunder, any rule of law, any contract or any rule of professional conduct. (3) No civil or criminal action, other than proceedings for an offence under section 256 or 257, shall lie against any person — ( a ) for answering questions, if the person had answered the questions in good faith in compliance with a requirement imposed under a relevant provision of this Act; ( b ) for giving any document, information or material to a food security officer, an authorised officer, a food inspector, a Part 9 enforcement officer or an outsourced enforcement officer, if the person had given the document, information or material in good faith and in compliance with a requirement imposed under a relevant provision of this Act; or ( c ) for doing or omitting to do any act, if the person had done or omitted to do the act in good faith and as a result of complying with a requirement imposed under a relevant provision of this Act. (4) Nothing in a relevant provision of this Act or this section requires a person to disclose any information subject to legal privilege. (5) This section does not affect the Frustrated Contracts Act 1959. (6) In this section, “prescribed written law” means any written law prescribed by the Minister by rules in the Gazette .


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s259
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 259
title: Self‑incrimination
content:
259. —(1) A person is not excused for not complying with a requirement imposed under a relevant provision of this Act to give any information on the ground that the disclosure of the information would have a tendency to expose the person to a criminal charge for an offence under this Act, a repealed law or other written law. (2) Where a person claims, before giving any information that the person is required under any relevant provision of this Act to give, that the disclosure of the information might tend to incriminate the person for an offence under this Act, a repealed law or other written law — ( a ) that information; ( b ) the giving of the information; and ( c ) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct consequence of the giving of the information, is not admissible in evidence against the person in any criminal proceedings for an offence under this Act, the repealed law or other written law other than proceedings for an offence under section 256 or 257 or any written law in respect of the falsity of the information, document or thing. (3) For the purposes of any proceedings for an offence under this Act, the making of a statement by an accused person made pursuant to a requirement mentioned in subsection (1), is not to be regarded under section 258(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 as caused by any inducement, threat or promise merely because the investigator had earlier informed the accused person that the accused person was not excused from disclosing information on the ground that the disclosure of the information might tend to incriminate the accused person, if the investigator believed in good faith, when so informing the accused person, that — ( a ) the accused person was concerned in an offence under this Act; or ( b ) a reasonable complaint has been made, or credible information has been received, or a reasonable suspicion exists, that the accused person was concerned in an offence under this Act. (4) Nothing in this Division — ( a ) compels an advocate and solicitor or legal counsel to disclose or produce a privileged communication, or a document, information or material containing a privileged communication, made by or to the advocate and solicitor or legal counsel in that capacity; or ( b ) authorises the taking of any such document, information or material which is in the possession of an advocate and solicitor or legal counsel. (5) In this section, “relevant provision of this Act” means any of the following: ( a ) section 89; ( b ) section 101; ( c ) section 127; ( d ) section 201; ( e ) section 238; ( f ) section 249; ( g ) section 252.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s260
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 260
title: Presumption as to contents and labels
content:
260. —(1) For the purposes of this Act, the contents of a package of food are presumed to conform with the description of the contents on the package’s label until the contrary is proved. (2) Any information on the outside or inside of any package of food, or on the label of a package of food, that identifies the person who imported, produced, sold, or manufactured the food in the package is presumed to be correct until the contrary is proved.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s261
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 261
title: Presumption as to supply of food
content:
261. —(1) For the purposes of this Act, when any food or food contact article is supplied or displayed or offered for supply, the food or food contact article is presumed to be supplied or exposed or offered for supply for human consumption as food or use as food, until the contrary is proved. (2) For the purposes of this Act, a person who supplies or intends to supply any article of which food is a constituent, is presumed until the contrary is proved that the person supplied or intended to supply the food. (3) The purchase or supply of a sample of any food under this Act for the purpose of analysis or examination is presumed to be a purchase or supply of the food for human consumption as food or for use as food, unless the supplier proves that the bulk from which the sample was taken was not offered, exposed or intended for supply for human consumption as food or use as food.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s262
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 262
title: Presumption as to sample
content:
262. —(1) This section applies to a sample of food, primary produce or animal feed — ( a ) taken from an identified quantity of food, primary produce or animal feed; ( b ) taken as required by a requirement of this Act; and ( c ) interpreted as required by a requirement of this Act. (2) The sample is presumed to be representative of the quantity of food, primary produce or animal feed from which the sample was taken until the contrary is proved. (3) The sample is also presumed to be representative of the lot, or production run, from which the identified quantity was taken until the contrary is proved. (4) Each of the parts into which a sample of any food, primary produce or animal feed is divided in accordance with this Act is presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be of uniform composition with the other parts. (5) In this section, “animal feed” excludes a live animal.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s263
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 263
title: Presumption as to import for purpose of supply
content:
263. For the purposes of this Act, the import of any food or prepacked food additive in a quantity that is more than that which is imported for private consumption must, unless the contrary is proved, be treated as an import of the food or prepacked food additive for the purpose of supply.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s264
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 264
title: Proof of exemptions or reasonable excuse
content:
264. In a prosecution of a person for an offence under this Act, the onus of proving that — ( a ) at the time of the alleged offence a person was exempted from a provision of this Act; or ( b ) anything was done or omitted to be done with lawful excuse or authority or reasonable excuse, lies upon the person making that assertion.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s265
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 265
title: Disclosure by witnesses
content:
265. —(1) In any proceedings for an offence under this Act, a witness for the prosecution is not compelled to disclose the fact that the witness received information, the nature of the information received or the name of the person from whom the information was received. (2) An authorised officer, a food inspector or a Part 9 enforcement officer appearing as a witness in any proceedings is not compelled to produce any document containing any confidential matter made or received in his or her capacity as an authorised officer, a food inspector or a Part 9 enforcement officer, as the case may be. (3) Despite subsections (1) and (2), a court hearing proceedings for an offence under this Act may order the disclosure of any matter, or the production of a document, referred to in those subsections if the court considers that it is necessary in the interests of justice.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s266
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 266
title: Court may order corrective advertising, etc.
content:
266. A court by which a person (called in this section the offender) is found guilty of an offence involving advertising may make one or both of the following orders upon convicting the offender: ( a ) an order requiring the offender to disclose in a particular manner — (i) to the general public; (ii) to a particular person; or (iii) to a particular class of persons in the general public, information specified in the order, or information of a kind specified in the order, which the offender possesses or to which the offender has access; ( b ) an order requiring the offender to publish in Singapore, at the offender’s own expense, in a manner and at times specified in the order, advertisements the terms of which are specified in the order.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s267
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 267
title: Liability of person charged for certain expenses
content:
267. —(1) When any person is convicted of an offence under this Act, the court may order that all fees and other expenses for or incidental to the analysis of any food or thing in respect of which the conviction is obtained, and any other reasonable expenses incurred by the prosecution, be paid by the person convicted. (2) All those fees and expenses are recoverable in the same manner as a fine is recoverable.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s268
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 268
title: Handling of seized items
content:
268. —(1) Subject to subsection (2) and sections 269 and 270 — ( a ) all seized items are liable to forfeiture by a court; and ( b ) sections 370, 371 and 372 of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 relating to the handling of property seized by a police officer apply, with the necessary modifications, to any seized item. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a seized item which is a conveyance that — ( a ) is of more than 200 tons net; or ( b ) is an aircraft or a train belonging to a person carrying on a regular passenger service to and from Singapore by means of that aircraft or train.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s269
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 269
title: Forfeiture, etc., of seized items by court in criminal proceedings
content:
269. —(1) A court may, in any criminal proceeding against a person for an offence under this Act, order that any item seized in connection with the offence be forfeited if — ( a ) where the seized item is a conveyance — the person is convicted of the offence and the conveyance is proved to have been used in the commission of the offence; or ( b ) where the seized item is not a conveyance — the court is satisfied that an offence under this Act has been committed and that the seized item was the subject matter, or used (or intended to have been used) in the commission, or constitutes evidence, of the offence. (2) The court may consider the question of forfeiture under subsection (1) on its own motion if no party raises the question in the proceedings before the court. (3) A conveyance mentioned in subsection (1)( a ) must not be forfeited under that provision if its owner establishes that the conveyance was unlawfully in the possession of another person without the consent of the owner. (4) The court may make an order under subsection (1)( b ) for the forfeiture of any seized item even though no person is convicted of an offence. (5) If the court does not order the forfeiture of a seized item under subsection (1), the court may — ( a ) order the release of the seized item to the owner of or the person entitled to the seized item; or ( b ) where the owner of or the person entitled to the seized item cannot be ascertained or found — make any order or give any direction that the court thinks fit in relation to the disposal of the seized item. (6) However, no order of forfeiture may be made under this section in respect of a seized item that is a conveyance which — ( a ) is of more than 200 tons net; or ( b ) is an aircraft or a train belonging to a person carrying on a regular passenger service to and from Singapore by means of that aircraft or train.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s270
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 270
title: Immediate forfeiture by Agency
content:
270. —(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Agency may at once order the forfeiture of a seized item — ( a ) that is any of the following at the time of seizure: (i) any food which is unsafe food, unsuitable food or a defined food; (ii) any primary produce which is unsafe; (iii) any controlled item which is failing; (iv) any animal feed which is not fit for purpose; (v) any non‑packaged drinking water for supply which is unwholesome; (vi) any biosecurity matter or any thing else which is a suspected hazard or the suspected source of contamination giving rise to a risk to human health; and ( b ) that — (i) is perishable or may rapidly depreciate in value; (ii) is injurious to human health; (iii) is hazardous; (iv) is decayed or putrefied; or (v) for any other reason is desirable to dispose without delay. (2) If within 48 hours after the seizure no complaint under subsection (3) has been made with respect to the item seized, the Agency may cause the seized item, if of the nature described in subsection (1)( a ) and ( b ), to be — ( a ) if the item is a living thing, detained and treated if not incurably diseased or injured and then disposed of at once in any manner that the Agency thinks fit; or ( b ) destroyed or otherwise disposed of at once in any manner that the Agency thinks fit. (3) A person may, no later than 48 hours after the seizure under this Act of any of the following, complain of the seizure to a Magistrate’s Court: ( a ) any food; ( b ) any primary produce; ( c ) any controlled item; ( d ) any animal feed; ( e ) any non-packaged drinking water for supply; ( f ) any unregistered plant pesticide; ( g ) any live food producing animal; ( h ) any animal reproductive material extracted or otherwise taken from a food producing animal; ( i ) any other thing. (4) The complaint may be heard and determined by the Magistrate’s Court, which — ( a ) may either — (i) confirm or disallow the seizure in whole or in part; or (ii) order any seized item to be returned to the owner or the person entitled to the seized item; and ( b ) may order payment to be made to the owner of or the person entitled to the seized item of any amount that the court considers will compensate the owner or the person for any loss or depreciation resulting from the seizure. (5) A certificate signed by the Director‑General is to be accepted by a court as sufficient evidence that any item seized under this Act was of a nature described in subsection (1)( a ) and ( b ) at the time of seizure. (6) No order of forfeiture may be made under this section in respect of a seized item that is a conveyance which — ( a ) is of more than 200 tons net; or ( b ) is an aircraft or a train belonging to a person carrying on a regular passenger service to and from Singapore by means of that aircraft or train. (7) Where the owner of any item seized under the provisions of this Act by an authorised officer or a food inspector, consents in writing at any time to its disposal, the Agency may cause the item to be destroyed or otherwise disposed of at once in any manner that the Agency thinks fit.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s271
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 271
title: Offences by corporations
content:
271. —(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that — ( a ) an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and ( b ) the officer, employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the corporation had that state of mind. (2) Where a corporation commits an offence under this Act, a person — ( a ) who is — (i) an officer of the corporation; or (ii) an individual involved in the management of the corporation and in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation in relation to the commission of the offence; and ( b ) who — (i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the corporation; or (iii) knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that the offence by the corporation (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of the same offence as is the corporation, and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the corporation if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the corporation would bear. (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of — ( a ) Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or ( b ) the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of the corporation for an offence under this Act and applies whether or not the corporation is convicted of the offence. (6) In this section — “corporation” includes a limited liability partnership; “reasonable steps”, in relation to the commission of an offence, includes, but is not limited to, any action (if any) of the following kinds as is reasonable in all the circumstances: ( a ) action towards — (i) assessing the corporation’s compliance with the provision creating the offence; and (ii) ensuring that the corporation arranged regular professional assessments of its compliance with the provision; ( b ) action towards ensuring that the corporation’s employees, agents and contractors are provided with information, training, instruction and supervision appropriate to them to enable them to comply with the provision creating the offence so far as the provision is relevant to them; ( c ) action towards ensuring that — (i) the equipment and other resources; and (ii) the structures, work systems and other processes, relevant to compliance with the provision creating the offence are appropriate in all the circumstances; ( d ) action towards creating and maintaining a corporate culture that does not direct, encourage, tolerate or lead to non‑compliance with the provision creating the offence; “state of mind” of a person includes — ( a ) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and ( b ) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose. (7) The Minister may make rules in the Gazette to provide for the application of any provision of this section, with any modifications that the Minister considers appropriate, to any corporation formed or recognised under the law of a country outside Singapore.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s272
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 272
title: Offences by unincorporated associations or partnerships
content:
272. —(1) Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that — ( a ) an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and ( b ) the employee or agent had that state of mind, is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) had that state of mind. (2) Where an unincorporated association or a partnership commits an offence under this Act, a person — ( a ) who is — (i) an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body; (ii) a partner in the partnership; or (iii) an individual involved in the management of the unincorporated association or partnership and in a position to influence the conduct of the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) in relation to the commission of the offence; and ( b ) who — (i) consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence; (ii) is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership; or (iii) knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence, shall be guilty of the same offence as is the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly. (3) A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the unincorporated association or partnership if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the unincorporated association or partnership would bear. (4) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of — ( a ) Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or ( b ) the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence. (5) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of an unincorporated association or a partnership for an offence under this Act and applies whether or not the unincorporated association or partnership is convicted of the offence. (6) In this section — “partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner; “reasonable steps” has the meaning given by section 271(6); “state of mind” of a person includes — ( a ) the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and ( b ) the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose. (7) The Minister may make rules in the Gazette to provide for the application of any provision of this section, with any modifications that the Minister considers appropriate, to any unincorporated association or partnership formed or recognised under the law of a country outside Singapore.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s273
chapter: PART 13 - MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT
section: 273
title: Composition of offences
content:
273. —(1) An authorised officer specially authorised by the Chief Executive of the Agency may compound any compoundable offence — ( a ) by collecting from a person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence a sum not exceeding the lower of the following: (i) one half of the amount of the maximum fine that is prescribed for the offence; (ii) $5,000; and ( b ) by requiring the person reasonably suspected of having committed the offence to do, or to refrain from doing, any thing that is specified in an offer of composition (called conditions of composition) made by the Chief Executive of the Agency, or the authorised officer mentioned in subsection (1), with the concurrence (general or specific) of the Public Prosecutor. (2) On payment of the sum of money and on full compliance with the conditions of composition, no further proceedings are to be taken against that person in respect of the offence. (3) All sums collected under this section must be paid into the Consolidated Fund. (4) In subsection (1), “compoundable offence” means an offence under this Act that — ( a ) is neither a Part 9 offence nor an offence under Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations; and ( b ) is prescribed by any regulations made under Part 15 as a compoundable offence for the purposes of this section. (5) Where any offence is prescribed as compoundable under subsection (4), the abetment of or a conspiracy to commit the offence, or an attempt to commit the offence when the attempt is itself an offence, may be compounded in like manner.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s274
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 274
title: Appointment of Director-General, Food Security to administer Part 2
content:
274. —(1) The Minister may appoint from among public officers or SFA officers, a Director‑General, Food Security to administer Part 2 and the Part 2 Rules. (2) The Director‑General, Food Security may exercise any powers that are conferred upon the Director‑General, Food Security by any provision of Part 2 or 13 or the Part 2 Rules, subject to any directions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as the Minister may consider necessary. (3) Subject to subsection (4), the Director‑General, Food Security may delegate the exercise of all or any of the powers conferred or duties imposed upon him or her by this Act to any food security officer, and any reference in any provision of this Act to the Director‑General, Food Security includes a reference to such a food security officer. (4) Subsection (3) does not extend to the following: ( a ) any power conferred or duty imposed on the Director‑General, Food Security under section 23, 24, 27 or 32; ( b ) the power of delegation conferred by subsection (3). (5) The Minister may, for any reason that appears to the Minister to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as the Director‑General, Food Security. Food security officers 275. —(1) The Minister may, in relation to any provision of Part 2 or 13 or the Part 2 Rules, appoint as a food security officer for the purposes of that provision, any of the following who are suitably trained to properly exercise the powers of a food security officer: ( a ) a public officer; ( b ) an SFA officer; ( c ) an employee or officer of any other public authority. (2) The Minister may, for any reason that appears to the Minister to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as a food security officer. (3) Without affecting any delegation under section 274(3), a food security officer is authorised to exercise the powers conferred on a food security officer by this Act only to the extent authorised by the Director‑General, Food Security by written authorisation given to the food security officer. (4) A written authorisation under subsection (3) may do all or any of the following with respect to any powers conferred by this Act on a food security officer: ( a ) limit when, and where in Singapore, the food security officer may exercise those powers or any of them; ( b ) limit the circumstances in which the food security officer may exercise those powers or any of them. (5) A written authorisation under subsection (3) cannot authorise a food security officer to arrest any individual.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s276
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 276
title: Agency to administer Act except Parts 2 and 9
content:
276. —(1) The Agency is responsible for the administration of this Act except any provision in — ( a ) Part 2 or the Part 2 Rules; ( b ) Part 9 and any Part 9 Regulations; or ( c ) Part 10 if involving any Part 9 Regulations. (2) Despite anything in the Interpretation Act 1965, the Singapore Food Agency Act 2019 or any other law, the powers conferred or duties imposed upon the Agency by any provision of this Act are not delegable to the following persons: ( a ) a wholly‑owned subsidiary company of the Agency; ( b ) a person engaged as a contractor by the Agency.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s277
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 277
title: Appointment of Director-General, Food Administration
content:
277. —(1) The Agency must appoint a Director‑General, Food Administration from among SFA officers with suitable qualifications and experience. (2) The Director‑General, Food Administration may, subject to any general or special directions of the Agency, perform any duties that are imposed, and may exercise any powers that are conferred, upon the Director‑General by any provision of this Act or any other written law. (3) The Director‑General is deemed to be an authorised officer for the purposes of this Act. (4) Subject to subsection (5), the Director‑General may delegate the exercise of all or any of the powers conferred or duties imposed upon the Director‑General by this Act to any authorised officer or food inspector; and any reference in any provision of this Act to the Director‑General includes a reference to the authorised officer or food inspector. (5) Subsection (4) does not extend to the following: ( a ) any power conferred, or duty imposed on the Director‑General under section 116, Part 7 or section 321; ( b ) the power of delegation conferred by subsection (4). (6) The Agency may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as the Director‑General.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s278
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 278
title: Authorised officers
content:
278. —(1) The Agency may, in relation to any provision of this Act (except those mentioned in section 276(1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c )), appoint as an authorised officer for the purposes of that provision any of the following who are suitably trained to properly exercise the powers of an authorised officer: ( a ) any SFA officer; ( b ) any auxiliary police officer. (2) The Agency may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as an authorised officer. (3) The Agency may delegate the exercise of all or any of the powers conferred or duties imposed upon the Agency by any provision of this Act, to any authorised officer, subject to any conditions or limitations that the Agency may specify; and any reference in that provision of this Act or its subsidiary legislation to the Agency includes a reference to such an authorised officer. (4) However, nothing in subsection (3) authorises delegating — ( a ) the power of delegation conferred by that subsection; or ( b ) any power of the Agency to make subsidiary legislation under this Act. (5) An auxiliary police officer who is appointed as an authorised officer does not, by virtue only of the appointment, become an employee or agent of the Agency.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s279
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 279
title: Food inspectors
content:
279. —(1) The Agency may, in relation to any provision of this Act (except those mentioned in section 276(1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c )), appoint as a food inspector for the purposes of that provision, any of the following who are suitably trained to properly exercise the powers of a food inspector: ( a ) a public officer; ( b ) an employee or officer of a public authority other than the Agency. (2) The Agency may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as a food inspector.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s280
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 280
title: Limits on powers of authorised officers and food inspectors
content:
280. —(1) Without affecting any delegation under section 277(4) or 278(3), an authorised officer and a food inspector are each authorised to exercise the powers conferred on an authorised officer or a food inspector by this Act only to the extent authorised by the Agency by written authorisation given to the authorised officer or food inspector, as the case may be. (2) A written authorisation under subsection (1) may do all or any of the following with respect to any power conferred by this Act on an authorised officer or a food inspector: ( a ) limit when, and where in Singapore, the authorised officer or food inspector may exercise those powers or any of them; ( b ) limit the circumstances in which the authorised officer or food inspector may exercise those powers or any of them. (3) A written authorisation under subsection (1) cannot authorise an authorised officer or a food inspector to arrest any individual. Identification cards and equipment issued to food security officers 281. —(1) The Director‑General, Food Security must issue to each food security officer an identification card (in physical or digital form) which must be carried at all times by the food security officer when the food security officer is exercising any power under any provision of Part 2 or 13 or the Part 2 Rules. (2) Every food security officer whose appointment as such ceases must return without delay to the Director‑General, Food Security any identification card issued to him or her under subsection (1). (3) A former food security officer who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (4) In the case of an identification card issued in a digital form, a former food security officer is taken to comply with subsection (2) only after he or she removes the digital identification card from each mobile communication device or other electronic device in his or her possession on which the digital identification card is capable of being displayed. (5) Every food security officer must be issued with any accoutrement or equipment that the Director‑General, Food Security may determine to be necessary for the effective discharge of the duties of a food security officer. (6) In subsection (5), “accoutrement” includes surveillance equipment capable of being worn on the body for the purpose of recording a view of, or recording a conversation between, the wearer and another individual.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s282
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 282
title: Identification cards and equipment issued by Agency
content:
282. —(1) The Agency must issue to each authorised officer and each food inspector an identification card (in physical or digital form) which must be carried at all times by the authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) when he or she is exercising any power under any provision of this Act, except those mentioned in section 276(1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ). (2) Every authorised officer or food inspector whose appointment as such ceases must return without delay to the Agency any identification card issued to him or her under subsection (1). (3) A former authorised officer or former food inspector who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (4) In the case of an identification card issued in a digital form, a person to whom subsection (3) applies is taken to comply with subsection (2) only after he or she removes the digital identification card from each mobile communication device or other electronic device in his or her possession on which the digital identification card is capable of being displayed. (5) Every authorised officer or food inspector must be issued with any accoutrement or equipment that the Agency may determine to be necessary for the effective discharge of the duties of an authorised officer or a food inspector, as the case may be. (6) In subsection (5), “accoutrement” includes surveillance equipment capable of being worn on the body for the purpose of recording a view of, or recording a conversation between, the wearer and another individual.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s283
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 283
title: Showing identification card when exercising power
content:
283. —(1) If asked to do so, a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector must produce his or her identification card for inspection before exercising any power conferred on him or her under any provision of this Act except those mentioned in section 276(1)( a ), ( b ) or ( c ). (2) A food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector who uses any identification card issued under section 281(1) or 282(1) otherwise than in the course of, or for the purpose of, performing the functions of a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector (as the case may be) under this Act shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s284
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 284
title: Public servants
content:
284. Without affecting sections 20 and 21 of the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018, every food security officer, authorised officer or food inspector is taken to be a public servant for the purposes of the Penal Code 1871. Division 2 &#x2014; Outsourced enforcement officers


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s285
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 285
title: Outsourced enforcement officers
content:
285. —(1) The Agency may appoint an individual who — ( a ) is at least 18 years of age; ( b ) is not an SFA officer; ( c ) is not a public officer or officer of a public authority; and ( d ) has suitable qualifications or experience, to be an outsourced enforcement officer to assist the Director‑General, Food Security or the Agency in the administration of any provision of this Act in any particular area in Singapore, except any provision in Part 9 and any Part 9 Regulations or in Part 10 if involving any Part 9 Regulations. (2) The Agency may, for any reason that appears to the Agency to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (1) as an outsourced enforcement officer. (3) The Agency must issue to each outsourced enforcement officer an identification card (in physical or digital form) which must be carried at all times by the outsourced enforcement officer when exercising powers under any provision of this Act. (4) An outsourced enforcement officer whose appointment as such ceases must return without delay to the Agency any identification card issued to him or her under subsection (3). (5) A former outsourced enforcement officer who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with subsection (4) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both. (6) In the case of an identification card issued in a digital form, a former outsourced enforcement officer is taken to comply with subsection (4) only after he or she removes the digital identification card from each mobile communication device or other electronic device in his or her possession on which the digital identification card is capable of being displayed. (7) An outsourced enforcement officer is not an employee of the Agency. (8) An individual who is appointed as an outsourced enforcement officer under subsection (1) does not, by virtue only of the appointment, become an agent of the Agency.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s286
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 286
title: Powers of outsourced enforcement officers
content:
286. —(1) The Agency must issue to each outsourced enforcement officer a written authorisation specifying such of the powers in subsection (2) as exercisable by an outsourced enforcement officer, as what the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise, and no other powers. (2) The powers that an outsourced enforcement officer may be authorised under this section to exercise are all or any of the following: ( a ) to ask an individual suspected of committing an offence under Part 4 in premises mentioned in section 235, to state the individual’s name and residential address; ( b ) to advise the individual to stop engaging in conduct in premises mentioned in section 235 which is a public place, that is an offence under Part 4; ( c ) to photograph or film, or otherwise record the premises mentioned in section 235 where, or in respect of which, an offence under Part 4 was committed or is reasonably suspected to have been committed, and any individual or conveyance in that place; ( d ) to exercise in any premises mentioned in section 235 the following monitoring powers as if an authorised officer: (i) section 236; (ii) section 237 but not a monitoring power in section 237(1)( e ), ( f ), ( g ) and ( i ); (iii) section 238; (iv) section 239. (3) The written authorisation issued under subsection (1) to an outsourced enforcement officer may also do all or any of the following: ( a ) limit the powers mentioned in subsection (2) that the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise; ( b ) limit when, and where in Singapore, the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise those powers or any of them; ( c ) limit the circumstances in which the outsourced enforcement officer may exercise those powers or any of them. (4) To avoid doubt, the Agency cannot authorise under this section an outsourced enforcement officer to arrest any individual. (5) The powers that an outsourced enforcement officer may be authorised under this section to exercise may be exercised only — ( a ) upon production of the identification card issued under section 285(3); ( b ) to the extent authorised by the Agency under this section; and ( c ) as directed (generally or specially) by a food security officer or an authorised officer, or an officer of the Agency. (6) An outsourced enforcement officer who is authorised under subsection (1) to exercise any power expressly specified in subsection (2) is taken to be a public servant for the purposes of the Penal Code 1871 when exercising that power. (7) Without limiting subsection (5), where any law or written law protects an officer or employee of the Agency from liability for the officer’s or employee’s acts or omissions, that law or written law is taken to operate as if those acts or omissions include an outsourced enforcement officer’s acts or omissions when acting in the course of his or her duty as an outsourced enforcement officer in accordance — ( a ) with the written authorisation under subsection (1); and ( b ) with subsection (5). (8) To avoid doubt, an outsourced enforcement officer does not cease to be acting on the direction of an officer or employee of the Agency by reason only that the officer or employee of the Agency is not present at all times. Division 3 &#x2014; Authorised analysts


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s287
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 287
title: Authorised analysts
content:
287. —(1) The Agency may appoint an individual, whom the Agency considers to be appropriately qualified, to be an authorised analyst for the purposes of this Act. (2) An appointment under subsection (1) — ( a ) may be subject to any conditions specified in the appointment including — (i) a condition limiting the individual to carry out analyses that are of a particular type of analysis; or (ii) a condition limiting the individual to carry out analyses in a particular type of laboratory; and ( b ) may at any time be varied or revoked.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s288
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 288
title: Only authorised analyst may supply certificate of analysis
content:
288. —(1) Only an authorised analyst may issue to a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector submitting an article for analysis, a certificate of analysis mentioned in section 289(1) setting out the result of the analysis done by or under the supervision of the authorised analyst. (2) A person commits an offence if — ( a ) the person issues to a food security officer, an authorised officer or a food inspector submitting an article for analysis, a document purporting to be a certificate of analysis mentioned in section 289(1); and ( b ) the person is not an authorised analyst at the time of issuing. (3) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (2) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s289
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 289
title: Authorised analyst’s certificate
content:
289. —(1) The production by the prosecution of a certificate of analysis in the form prescribed by any regulations made under Part 15, and purporting to be signed by an authorised analyst is sufficient evidence of the facts stated in the certificate, unless the person charged requires the authorised analyst to be called as a witness. (2) If a person charged intends to require an authorised analyst to be called as a witness in any proceedings for an offence under this Act, the person charged must give notice of the person’s intention to the prosecution not less than 3 clear days before the day on which the summons is returnable.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s290
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 290
title: Analysis not required for conviction
content:
290. Despite any provision of any other Act, if in any prosecution under this Act it appears to the court that the offence is sufficiently proved without an analysis, proof that an analysis has been made or of the results of an analysis is not necessary to conviction for the offence. Division 4 &#x2014; General provisions on licences, permits, etc.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s291
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 291
title: Definitions for this Division
content:
291. In this Division — “FSSA authorisation” excludes a registration of a plant pesticide product under Part 11; “prescribed”, in relation to an FSSA authorisation or an application for an FSSA authorisation, means prescribed by any regulations made under Part 15 for that FSSA authorisation.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s292
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 292
title: Application for FSSA authorisation
content:
292. —(1) An application for an FSSA authorisation must be made to the Agency in accordance with this section. (2) An application for an FSSA authorisation must — ( a ) be in the form and manner the Agency specifies; ( b ) be accompanied by an application fee (if prescribed) for the authorisation; ( c ) contain — (i) an address in Singapore at which notices and other documents under this Act for the applicant may be served; or (ii) the name and address of one or more persons in Singapore authorised by the applicant to accept on the applicant’s behalf service of notices and other documents under this Act; and ( d ) be accompanied by the prescribed information, and any other additional information that the Agency requires to decide on the application. (3) In addition, an application to renew an FSSA authorisation must be made no later than a prescribed period before the date of expiry of the authorisation, if prescribed. (4) The Agency may refuse to consider an application for an FSSA authorisation that is incomplete or not made in accordance with this section.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s293
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 293
title: Grant of FSSA authorisation
content:
293. —(1) Subject to this Act, after considering any application under section 292, the Agency may — ( a ) on payment of the applicable fee for an FSSA authorisation applied for (if prescribed), grant the applicant the FSSA authorisation; or ( b ) refuse to grant the FSSA authorisation applied for. (2) The Agency may grant a renewal of an FSSA authorisation with or without modifying the conditions of the FSSA authorisation, except that section 295 does not apply to or in relation to granting a renewal of an FSSA authorisation with modifications to the conditions of the FSSA authorisation.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s294
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 294
title: Conditions of FSSA authorisation
content:
294. In granting an FSSA authorisation to any person, the Agency may impose any conditions that the Agency considers requisite or expedient having regard to the purposes of this Act.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s295
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 295
title:
Procedure to modify FSSA authorisation condition or for regulatory action against FSSA authorisation holder

content:
295. —(1) Subject to subsections (8) and (9), before exercising any relevant power under section 82, 83, 84, 95, 96, 112, 195, 196, 209 or 213 in relation to a holder of an FSSA authorisation, the Agency must give to the holder concerned, a written notice inviting the holder to show (as the case may be) why — ( a ) the condition of the FSSA authorisation should not be modified; or ( b ) the regulatory action should not be taken against the holder in question, each called a proposed action. (2) The written notice must state all of the following: ( a ) the proposed action, including (where applicable) the type of action in section 82, 83, 84, 95, 96, 112, 195, 196 or 213 that the Agency proposes to take; ( b ) the grounds for the proposed action; ( c ) the facts and circumstances forming the basis for the grounds; ( d ) if the proposed action is suspension of the FSSA authorisation, the proposed suspension period; ( e ) if the proposed action is modifying any condition of the FSSA authorisation, the proposed modification; ( f ) that representations may be made about the notice; ( g ) how and where representations may be made, and a period within which the representations must be made. (3) The stated period in subsection (2)( g ) must be, or must end, at least 14 days after the notice is given. (4) If, after considering all representations made within the stated period the Agency still considers any proposed action should be taken, the Agency may — ( a ) if the proposed course of action is modifying under section 82, 95 or 195 any condition of the FSSA authorisation — modify the condition; or ( b ) if the proposed course of action is any regulatory action under section 83, 84, 96, 112, 196 or 213 — take any regulatory action mentioned in the appropriate section that the Agency considers appropriate. (5) Where the Agency has made any decision under subsection (4) against any holder of an FSSA authorisation, the Agency must serve on the holder concerned a notice of the Agency’s decision. (6) Subject to Part 12, a decision under subsection (4) that is specified in the notice given under subsection (5) takes effect starting the date on which that notice is given, or on another later date if specified in that notice. (7) Any suspension, cancellation or revocation of an FSSA authorisation with respect to the holder of the FSSA authorisation does not affect — ( a ) the enforcement by any person of any right or claim against the holder; or ( b ) the enforcement by the holder of any right or claim against any person. (8) However, if the Agency — ( a ) considers it necessary in the public interest of Singapore to suspend an FSSA authorisation urgently; or ( b ) has reasonable grounds to believe there is a serious and imminent risk to public health and that it is appropriate or requisite, to avoid any actual or imminent occurrence that endangers or threatens to endanger the safety of the public, to suspend the FSSA authorisation urgently, the Agency may immediately suspend, for a period not exceeding 30 days, the FSSA authorisation by written notice given to the holder thereof. (9) Subsections (1) to (4) do not apply where the holder of the authorisation in question — ( a ) has died or is adjudged a bankrupt; ( b ) has been dissolved or wound up; or ( c ) has otherwise ceased to exist. Non-transferable FSSA authorisation 296. Every FSSA authorisation (other than a pre-market approval), and any rights, benefits or privileges under such an authorisation, are not transferable or assignable to any other person, and a transfer or an assignment, or purported transfer or assignment, of such an FSSA authorisation, or of any rights, benefits or privileges under such an authorisation, is void and of no effect.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s297
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 297
title: Conviction as ground for regulatory action
content:
297. —(1) In taking any regulatory action under section 83, 84, 96, 112, 196 or 213 because of the conviction of any person of a criminal offence, the Agency may accept the person’s conviction as final. (2) For the purposes of section 78(2)( c ), 83(1)( c ), 92(2)( d ), 96(1)( c ), 192(2)( d ), 196(1)( c ), 211(2)( d ) and 213(1)( a ), “convicted”, in addition to its ordinary meaning, has the meaning given by subsection (3). (3) A person is taken to have been convicted of an alleged offence if — ( a ) the person has not been found guilty of the offence but asks for the offence to be taken into account when being sentenced for another offence; or ( b ) the person has been found guilty of the offence but is discharged without conviction. Disqualification from holding FSSA authorisation 298. —(1) This section applies where an FSSA authorisation is revoked under section 83, 96 or 196 (called in this section the invalidated authorisation). (2) The person who was the holder of an invalidated authorisation is also disqualified, for a period that is specified in a written order by the Agency — ( a ) from holding — (i) the same FSSA authorisation as the invalidated authorisation; and (ii) any other FSSA authorisation or FSSA authorisations associated with the invalidated authorisation that the Agency may specify in the order; and ( b ) where the invalidated authorisation was a food business licence for a type of licensable food business, from being an executive staffer of the same type of licensable food business at any premises. (3) The period the Agency may specify in a written order under subsection (2) is a period not exceeding 3 years starting immediately after the date of revocation of an invalidated authorisation. (4) Any FSSA authorisation obtained by a person while disqualified by a written order of the Agency under this section from obtaining such an authorisation is of no effect. (5) For the purposes of subsection (2)( a )(ii), an FSSA authorisation is associated with an invalidated authorisation if — ( a ) it authorises a type of licensable activity that is grouped by rules made under subsection (6) with the invalidated authorisation; and ( b ) it is not an appointment as a certified pesticide operator or a pre‑market approval. (6) The Minister may, for the purposes of subsection (5), make rules in the Gazette that group different FSSA authorisations together where the nature of the licensable activities covered by the respective FSSA authorisations are similar. (7) In this section — “executive staffer”, in relation to a food business, means an individual — ( a ) who is in the direct employment of, or is acting for or by arrangement with, the proprietor of the food business; ( b ) who — (i) directly takes part in managing, or exercises oversight over, the day‑to‑day operations of the food business; or (ii) is authorised to make decisions, involving the exercise of his or her discretion, that controls the day‑to‑day operations, of the food business; and ( c ) who is not an officer of the food business if it is a corporation, an unincorporated association or a partnership; “same FSSA authorisation”, in relation to an invalidated authorisation, means an FSSA authorisation that, if granted — ( a ) is granted under the same provision of this Act as the invalidated authorisation covering the same type of licensable activity; and ( b ) covers the same premises which the invalidated authorisation authorised that licensable activity to be carried on (if any) in. Financial penalties, etc. 299. —(1) Where any financial penalty is imposed on a holder of an FSSA authorisation under the provisions of this Act, for contravening or not complying with — ( a ) any condition attached to the FSSA authorisation; ( b ) any provision of this Act applicable to the holder of the FSSA authorisation so far as that relates to the activity covered by the authorisation; or ( c ) any provision of a code of practice applicable to the holder of the FSSA authorisation so far as that relates to the activity covered by the FSSA authorisation, any performance bond, guarantee or other form of security furnished by the holder must not be forfeited by the Agency for that contravention or non‑compliance except to the extent to pay the financial penalty. (2) All financial penalties imposed under this Act because of regulatory action, and any moneys under a performance bond, deposit or other form of security forfeited under regulatory action for the purpose of meeting any financial penalty so imposed must be collected by the Agency and paid into the Consolidated Fund. (3) The Agency may recover as a debt in a court of competent jurisdiction any of the following amounts that has become due and payable but has not been paid: ( a ) any fee imposed under any provision of this Act in respect of an FSSA authorisation; ( b ) any financial penalty imposed under any provision of this Act in respect of a holder or former holder of an FSSA authorisation, and the liability of the holder or former holder concerned to pay is not affected by the holder’s or former holder’s FSSA authorisation ceasing (for any reason) to be in force. (4) All financial penalties recovered under subsection (3) must be paid into the Consolidated Fund. Division 5 &#x2014; Miscellaneous


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s300
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 300
title: Production of FSSA authorisation
content:
300. —(1) A holder of an FSSA authorisation commits an offence if the holder refuses or fails to show the holder’s FSSA authorisation without delay when requested to do so by any police officer, or an investigator or outsourced enforcement officer duly authorised to do so. (2) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (3) Where an FSSA authorisation is granted in a digital form, the holder of the FSSA authorisation is taken to have shown the FSSA authorisation for the purpose of complying with a request under subsection (1) if the holder, or an officer of the holder (which is an entity), produces a mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the digital FSSA authorisation is displayed, to the police officer, investigator or outsourced enforcement officer concerned. (4) However, an FSSA authorisation in digital form is not displayed for the purpose of complying with a request under subsection (1) to produce the FSSA authorisation if — ( a ) the screen of the mobile communication device or other electronic device on which it is purportedly displayed is unable to be read by the police officer, investigator or outsourced enforcement officer to whom it is displayed because of cracking, dimming, dirt or any other fault, damage or obstruction; ( b ) the individual holding the mobile communication device or other electronic device fails or refuses to comply with a reasonable request by the police officer, investigator or outsourced enforcement officer to whom it is purported to be displayed to facilitate the reading, copying or scanning of the whole or any part of the FSSA authorisation; or ( c ) the individual holding the mobile communication device or other electronic device refuses to comply with a reasonable direction to refresh the display of the FSSA authorisation in digital form. (5) To avoid doubt, an individual who displays or purports to display an FSSA authorisation in digital form is not required to give or hand over, to a police officer or an investigator or outsourced enforcement officer who is requiring the FSSA authorisation to be produced, the mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the FSSA authorisation in digital form is displayed or purported to be displayed. (6) In this section, “investigator” means — ( a ) a food security officer; ( b ) an authorised officer; ( c ) a food inspector; or ( d ) a Part 9 enforcement officer.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s301
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 301
title: Surrender of FSSA authorisation
content:
301. —(1) This section applies where an FSSA authorisation is revoked or cancelled, or expires and is not renewed. (2) The Agency may, in any of the circumstances described in subsection (1), direct the former holder of an FSSA authorisation — ( a ) to surrender or return to the Agency, within a period stated in the direction, the revoked, cancelled or expired FSSA authorisation; or ( b ) in the case of an FSSA authorisation granted in digital form, to remove, within a period stated in the direction, the digital FSSA authorisation from each mobile communication device or other electronic device on which the digital FSSA authorisation is capable of being displayed. (3) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a direction given to the person under subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction — ( a ) where the person is an individual — to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both; or ( b ) where the person is not an individual — to a fine not exceeding $10,000. (4) Any direction under this section to return or surrender an FSSA authorisation does not extend to any mobile communication device or other electronic device on which an FSSA authorisation granted in digital form is displayed.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s302
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 302
title: Reasonable belief by authorised officer, etc.
content:
302. —(1) If this Act requires an authorised officer or a food inspector to reasonably believe something before exercising a power, it is sufficient if the Director‑General or a more highly ranked authorised officer or food inspector reasonably believes it and directs the authorised officer or food inspector (as the case may be) to exercise the power. (2) If this Act requires a food security officer to reasonably believe something before exercising a power, it is sufficient if the Director‑General, Food Security or a more highly ranked food security officer reasonably believes it and directs the food security officer to exercise the power. Protection of confidential commercial information for plant pesticides 303. —(1) Where the Agency receives an application relating to a plant pesticide product, or a proposed plant pesticide product, and the product or an active constituent of the proposed or existing plant pesticide product (as the case may be) has not been the subject of any other earlier application to the Agency, then during the protected period of the confidential commercial information relating to the plant pesticide product or active constituent, the Agency — ( a ) must take reasonable steps to ensure that the confidential commercial information is kept confidential to the Agency; and ( b ) must not use the confidential commercial information for the purposes of determining whether to grant any other application. (2) Despite subsection (1), the Agency may, during the protected period in relation to any confidential supporting information — ( a ) disclose that confidential commercial information, or use that confidential commercial information for the purposes of determining whether to grant any application other than the application to which it relates or related, as the case may be — (i) with the consent of the applicant who made the application to which the confidential commercial information relates or related; or (ii) if that disclosure or use is, in the opinion of the Agency, necessary to protect the health or safety of members of the general public; ( b ) disclose that confidential commercial information to a Government department or statutory body for the purposes of the Government department or statutory body if, in the opinion of the Agency, the Government department or statutory body will take reasonable steps to ensure the confidential commercial information is kept confidential; or ( c ) disclose that confidential commercial information to any one or more of the following: (i) the World Health Organisation; (ii) the Food and Agriculture Organisation; (iii) any regulatory agency of a WTO Country; (iv) any committee established under section 27 of the Singapore Food Agency Act 2019 for the purpose of advising the Agency on any matters arising out of any application; (v) any person, or a person within a class or classes of persons, approved by the Minister, if the disclosure is in accordance with any conditions that are specified in the pesticide control regulations. (3) The power to grant consent under subsection (2)( a )(i) may be exercised by a person other than the applicant mentioned in that provision if — ( a ) that applicant — (i) has notified the Agency in writing that that other person may grant that consent; and (ii) has not notified the Agency in writing that that person’s authority to grant that consent has been withdrawn; or ( b ) that applicant’s rights in respect of the relevant confidential commercial information have been transferred to that person and the applicant or that other person has notified the Agency in writing of the transfer. (4) In this section — “application” means an application under section 205 for registration of a plant pesticide product; “confidential commercial information”, in relation to a plant pesticide product or in relation to an active constituent for a proposed or existing plant pesticide product, means — ( a ) a trade secret relating to the active constituent or product; or ( b ) any other information relating to the active constituent or product that has a commercial value that would be, or could reasonably be expected to be, destroyed or diminished if the information were disclosed; “protected period”, in relation to any confidential commercial information relating to an innovative plant pesticide application received by the Director‑General, means a period of 5 years starting the date the application is or was (as the case may be) received by the Agency; “WTO Country” means a country that is a party to the Agreement establishing the World Trade Organisation adopted at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994. (5) Section 6 of the Public Sector (Governance) Act 2018 and section 34 of the Singapore Food Agency Act 2019 do not apply in relation to any confidential commercial information during its protected period.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s304
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 304
title: Service of documents
content:
304. —(1) A document that is permitted or required by this Act to be given to a person may be served as described in this section. (2) A document permitted or required by this Act to be given to an individual may be given — ( a ) by delivering it to the individual personally; ( b ) by sending it by post to the address specified by the individual for the service of documents or, if no address is so specified, the individual’s residential address or business address; ( c ) by leaving it at the individual’s residential address with an adult apparently resident there, or at the individual’s business address with an adult apparently employed there; ( d ) by affixing a copy of the document in a conspicuous place at the individual’s residential address or business address; ( e ) by sending it by fax to the fax number last known to the person giving or serving the document as the fax number for the service of documents on the individual; or ( f ) by sending it by email to the individual’s last email address. (3) A document permitted or required by this Act to be given to a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership) may be given — ( a ) by delivering it to any partner, secretary or other similar officer of the partnership; ( b ) by leaving it at, or by sending it by post to, the partnership’s business address; ( c ) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the partnership’s business address; or ( d ) by sending it by email to the partnership’s last email address. (4) A document permitted or required by this Act to be given to a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership) or an unincorporated association may be given — ( a ) by delivering it to the secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or unincorporated association, or the limited liability partnership’s manager; ( b ) by leaving it at, or by sending it by post to, the registered office or principal office in Singapore of the body corporate or unincorporated association; ( c ) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the registered office or principal office in Singapore of the body corporate or unincorporated association; or ( d ) by sending it by email to the last email address of the body corporate or unincorporated association. (5) In addition, a document (other than a summons) permitted or required by this Act to be given to an individual, a partnership, a body corporate or an unincorporated association may be given — ( a ) by giving an electronic notice to the individual, partnership, body corporate or unincorporated association (called in this section an addressee) by the addressee’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the addressee may use the addressee’s chosen means of access to access the document’s contents; or ( b ) by any other method authorised by regulations made under Part 15 for the service of documents of that kind if the addressee consents expressly to service of a document of that kind in that way. (6) A document given under this section by fax, email or post takes effect — ( a ) if the document is sent by fax and a notification of successful transmission is received, on the day of transmission; ( b ) if the document is sent by email, at the time that the email becomes capable of being retrieved by the person to whom it is sent; or ( c ) if the document is sent by post, 2 days after the day the document was posted (even if it is returned undelivered). (7) However, the giving of any document under this Act on a person by email or by an electronic notice at the person’s chosen means of notification, may be effected only with the person’s express prior consent to service of the document of that kind in that way. (8) This section does not apply to documents to be served in proceedings in court. (9) In this section — “business address” means — ( a ) in the case of an individual, the individual’s usual or last known place of business in Singapore; or ( b ) in the case of a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), the partnership’s principal or last known place of business in Singapore; “chosen means of access”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means the addressee agrees with the person giving the document as the means by which the addressee may access that document’s contents; “chosen means of notification”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be given a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means that the addressee nominates to the person giving the document as the means by which the addressee may be notified that such a document has been given to the addressee; “document” includes a notice or an order permitted or required by this Act to be given; “last email address” means the last email address given by the addressee concerned to the person giving the document as the email address for the service of documents under this Act; “post” includes prepaid registered post; “residential address” means an individual’s usual or last known place of residence in Singapore.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s305
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 305
title: Protection from personal liability
content:
305. No liability shall lie against — ( a ) a food security officer, an authorised officer, a food inspector or a Part 9 enforcement officer; ( b ) a member, officer or employee of the Agency; or ( c ) any other person acting under the direction of the Agency, for anything done or omitted to be done in good faith and with reasonable care in the execution or purported execution of any provision of this Act.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s306
chapter: PART 14 - ADMINISTRATION
section: 306
title: Jurisdiction of courts
content:
306. Despite the Criminal Procedure Code 2010, a District Court or a Magistrate’s Court has jurisdiction to try any offence under this Act and has power to impose the full punishment for any such offence.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s307
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 307
title: General power to make regulations
content:
307. —(1) Subject to subsection (4), the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations under this Part, prescribing anything that is required or permitted to be prescribed, or is otherwise necessary or convenient for carrying out or giving effect to, under any provision of this Act. (2) When any provision of this Act confers powers on the Agency to make regulations, with the approval of the Minister, the power includes power to make regulations that — ( a ) prescribe requirements that apply to licensed importers and proprietors of licensed food businesses in relation to the tracing and recalling of import-controlled items or food, including setting requirements relating to — (i) what information must be collected; (ii) how, and for how long, the information must be kept; and (iii) what information must be kept under section 87 or 99 and given under section 89 or 101, as the case may be; ( b ) provide that any contravention of any provision of the regulations is an offence and that the penalty on conviction may be a fine not exceeding $5,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both; and ( c ) prescribe any saving, transitional, and other consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions that are necessary or expedient for regulations made under this Part. (3) Regulations made under this Part may apply — ( a ) to all forms or kinds of food, animal feed, plant pesticides, agri‑food production inputs or regulated food contact articles, or particular forms or kinds of food, animal feed, plant pesticides, agri‑food production inputs or regulated food contact articles; ( b ) in respect of the conduct of all forms of regulated activities (as defined in section 230), or particular categories of regulated activities; ( c ) in respect of all food premises, or particular categories of food premises; or ( d ) differently according to differences in time, place or circumstance. (4) This section does not apply to or in relation to any provision of this Act that is in Part 2, 9 or 12.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s308
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 308
title: Fees and charges
content:
308. —(1) When any provision of this Act confers powers on the Agency to make regulations, with the approval of the Minister, the power includes power — ( a ) to impose fees or charges in respect of applications for or the grant of an FSSA authorisation, an acceptance or other approval or authorisation under any provision of this Act, and of any thing else done by the Agency in connection with the administration of this Act; ( b ) to impose penalties for the late payment of any such fee or charge; ( c ) to impose interest for late payment of any such fee, charge or penalty; and ( d ) to provide for the manner in which those fees or charges, or those penalties or interest for late payment, have to be paid, which may include any of the following: (i) payment by instalment; (ii) payment of an estimated fee or charge based on estimated costs expended in or associated with the Agency providing a service or discharging a function in connection with the administration of this Act, paid before the provision of the service or discharge of the function, followed by reconciliation and an appropriate further payment or refund after the provision of the service or discharge of the function; (iii) payment within a period after the service is provided or the function is discharged by the Agency in connection with the administration of this Act. (2) Any such fee or charge, or any penalty or interest for late payment, may be prescribed by regulations either — ( a ) by fixing the amount; ( b ) by setting a scale or formula or method of calculation; or ( c ) by setting a maximum or minimum amount. (3) Different fees and charges may be so prescribed in respect of different classes of persons, food, primary produce, food businesses, controlled items, animal feed, plant pesticides or food producing animals, or according to differences in time, place or circumstance or on any other differential basis. (4) Any such unpaid fee or charge or instalment thereof, or unpaid penalty or interest for late payment, may be recovered by the Agency as a debt in a court of competent jurisdiction. (5) This section does not apply to or in relation to any provision of this Act that is in Part 2, 9 or 12. Standards and labelling requirements 309. —(1) Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, by regulations set out standards relating to any of the following: ( a ) safety standards for food or agri‑food production inputs, including — (i) the composition, ingredients or other characteristics of any kind of food or agri‑food production input; (ii) the maximum amounts of contaminants or residues that may be present in the food; (iii) the maximum or minimum amounts of additives that must or may be present in the food; (iv) the microbiological status and safety of food; (v) prohibitions or restrictions on the supply of particular kinds of food to individuals of less than a specified age; (vi) the precautions to be taken in relation to the supply of particular kinds of food (either generally or when they are supplied to particular classes of persons); and (vii) any other reasonable requirement that is desirable to prevent or minimise risk of injury or impairment of health; ( b ) the manufacturing or preparation of food; ( c ) the handling of food, including the method of handling; ( d ) the manufacture or production, storage, keeping or transporting of agri‑food production inputs (except any animal feed and plant pesticide); ( e ) safety standards for regulated food contact articles, including — (i) prohibitions or restrictions on substances that may be used to manufacture a regulated food contact article; and (ii) prohibitions or restrictions on the use of regulated food contact articles with food; ( f ) the application of standards. (2) Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, by regulations set out information standards for labels on food or agri‑food production inputs (except any animal feed and plant pesticide), including — ( a ) prohibiting or restricting the content used in labelling of the food or agri‑food production inputs for supply; ( b ) prohibiting or requiring specified content in any label relating to the food or agri‑food production inputs for supply; ( c ) prescribing the form of the content required under paragraph ( b ), such as its size and colour, or the size, colour and font type of the content and how it is displayed; ( d ) requiring records to be kept in relation to the labelling of food or agri‑food production inputs; and ( e ) any other reasonable requirement that is desirable to ensure that misleading information is not provided, and that adequate information is provided, in respect of the food or agri‑food production inputs. (3) In this section, “agri‑food production input” excludes the following even if essential in undertaking any primary production activity: ( a ) any animal reproductive material from a food producing animal; ( b ) any young of a food producing animal; ( c ) any seed, spore, bulb, root, cutting or other part of a plant from which plants grow or further plants grow; ( d ) any veterinary biologics, or any vaccines, antitoxins or other preparations made from living organisms, which are suitable for use in diagnosing, treating or immunising animals. Food safety schemes 310. —(1) Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, by regulations establish one or more food safety schemes for the purposes of Part 4. (2) A food safety scheme must state the following: ( a ) the licensable food business to which the scheme applies; ( b ) the aspects of the licensable food business to which the scheme applies. (3) A food safety scheme may be established about any of the following: ( a ) how a licensable food business is to be carried on; ( b ) the design, construction, maintenance and cleanliness of — (i) premises (including fittings and fixtures) used, or intended to be used, in connection with carrying on the licensable food business; (ii) plant or equipment (including single‑use items) used, or intended to be used, to handle food or otherwise in connection with carrying on the licensable food business; or (iii) conveyances used to transport food in connection with carrying on the licensable food business; ( c ) prohibitions or restrictions on the carrying on of certain activities in connection with the licensable food business; ( d ) the classification, marking or other identification of primary produce or food; ( e ) the wholesomeness, testing or analysis of primary produce or food; ( f ) sanitation, hygiene and the prevention of disease in primary produce; ( g ) the knowledge, skill, health and hygiene requirements for individuals engaging in, or employed in, the licensable food business in any capacity that may be specified in the scheme, including prohibitions of or restrictions on individuals handling food except in accordance with provisions in that scheme; ( h ) the preparation and implementation of food safety programs to ensure compliance with the food safety scheme; ( i ) the auditing and approval of food safety programs mentioned in paragraph ( h ); ( j ) the giving of information or returns relating to food safety matters to the Director‑General; ( k ) any other matter relevant to food safety issues relating to the licensable food business that the scheme applies to.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s311
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 311
title: Other subject matter of regulations
content:
311. Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations relating to any of the following: ( a ) any information about food or a regulated food contact article in advertising, including — (i) specifying the requirements for the content of advertisements about the food or regulated food contact article with the use of a word or expression indicating the type, quality or any other characteristic of the food or regulated food contact article; (ii) specifying any other conditions relating to the use of a word or expression indicating the type, quality or any other characteristic of the food or regulated food contact article; and (iii) prohibiting activities in relation to the advertising of the food or regulated food contact article; ( b ) requirements relating to animals and pests at premises in which food is handled, or in vehicles in which food is transported; ( c ) the knowledge, skill, health and hygiene requirements for individuals who handle food in connection with carrying on a food business; ( d ) the maintenance and cleanliness of — (i) premises (including fittings and fixtures) used, or intended to be used, in connection with carrying on a food business; or (ii) plant or equipment (including single‑use items) used, or intended to be used, to handle food or otherwise in connection with carrying on a food business; ( e ) prohibitions or restrictions on the carrying on of certain activities in connection with any particular food business; ( f ) measures for the control or elimination of food safety hazards in the course of handling food, being a thing or situation that has the potential to cause food supplied or handled in connection with carrying on any food business to be unsafe; and ( g ) sampling methods and testing requirements of food and primary produce.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s312
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 312
title: Part 6 Regulations
content:
312. —(1) Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations (called Part 6 Regulations) prescribing anything that is required or permitted to be prescribed under Part 6 or is otherwise necessary or convenient for carrying out or giving effect to Part 6. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), Part 6 Regulations may — ( a ) require the provision of reports, returns, documents or other forms of information relevant to the quality or supply of drinking water, or to any other process or other matter associated with the supply of drinking water, to the Agency; ( b ) require the keeping of records, statistics and other forms of information by a drinking water producer that provides a drinking water service, and the provision of reports based on that information, to the Agency; ( c ) prescribe standards and other requirements that must be observed or applied in relation to the quality or supply of drinking water by drinking water producers providing a drinking water service; ( d ) make provision with respect to the monitoring of the quality of drinking water, or any component or characteristic of drinking water, including with respect to the method, collection and analysis of samples; ( e ) require — (i) identification of hazards and hazardous events which may affect the quality of drinking water obtained by a drinking water producer and to which a drinking water service provided by the drinking water producer relates; (ii) an assessment of the risks posed by the hazards and hazardous events; and (iii) how a drinking water producer providing the drinking water service manages the risks posed by the hazards and hazardous events in order to minimise the likelihood of the drinking water becoming unwholesome; and ( f ) provide that any contravention of any provision of the regulations shall be an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $10,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, with a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for every day or part of a day during which the offence continues after conviction. (3) Part 6 Regulations may apply — ( a ) in respect of all drinking water producers or particular categories of drinking water producers; and ( b ) in respect of the provision of all drinking water services or particular types of drinking water services. Animal feed regulations 313. Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations (called animal feed regulations) — ( a ) prescribing any substance as a substance that is prohibited with respect to a particular animal feed; ( b ) prescribing standards for the composition of animal feed; ( c ) prescribing standards and procedures to be complied with by animal feed production licensees in producing animal feed, including standards and procedures as to — (i) the storage or keeping of animal feed; (ii) the transporting of animal feed; (iii) the maintenance, cleanliness and sanitation of the premises where animal feed is produced; and (iv) the hygiene of individuals at work in those premises; ( d ) prescribing processes which may or may not be used in the production of animal feed to achieve the fitness for purpose of the animal feed produced, including document control and recording; ( e ) prescribing requirements that apply to animal feed production licensees in relation to the tracing and recalling of animal feed, including setting requirements relating to — (i) what information must be collected; (ii) how, and for how long, the information must be kept; and (iii) what information must be kept under section 199 and given under section 201; and ( f ) providing for any other matter which is required or permitted to be prescribed by Division 2 of Part 11 or are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to Division 2 of Part 11. Pesticide control regulations 314. —(1) Without limiting section 307, the Agency may, with the approval of the Minister, make regulations (called pesticide control regulations) which are required or permitted to be prescribed by Division 3 of Part 11 or are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to Division 3 of Part 11. (2) In particular, pesticide control regulations may provide for or be made with respect to any of the following: ( a ) any matter connected with the registration of plant pesticide products and applications for such registration, including the content of approved labels; ( b ) any matter connected with the appointment as certified pesticide operators and applications for such an appointment; ( c ) the training and qualification requirements for persons engaged in the use of plant pesticides in connection with edible plants, including tests for applicants for appointment as a certified pesticide operators; ( d ) the making and keeping of records in relation to the use, keeping and disposal of plant pesticides, and the provision of returns and other information by a certified pesticide operator; ( e ) the analysis, reporting and monitoring of plant pesticide residues by producers of primary produce; ( f ) standards and procedures for the use of plant pesticides in connection with edible plants; ( g ) standards in relation to the design, construction and maintenance of equipment for using plant pesticides in connection with edible plants; ( h ) providing for the implementation of Singapore’s obligations under any international agreement in relation to plant pesticides.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s315
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 315
title: Incorporation by reference, etc.
content:
315. —(1) Any regulation made under this Act may make provision for or in relation to a matter by applying, adopting or incorporating by reference, with or without modification, any material contained in any code, standard, rule, requirement, specification or other document, as in force at a particular time or from time to time, which relates to any matter with which the regulation deals, even if the code, standard, rule, requirement, specification or other document does not yet exist when the regulation is made. (2) Material referred to in subsection (1) may be applied, adopted or incorporated by reference in any regulation made under this Act — ( a ) in whole or in part; or ( b ) with modifications, additions or variations specified in the regulation. (3) A copy of any material applied, adopted or incorporated by reference in any regulation made under this Act, including any amendment to, or replacement of, the material, must be — ( a ) certified as a correct copy of the material by the Agency; and ( b ) retained by the Agency. (4) Any material applied, adopted or incorporated in any regulation made under this Act by reference under subsection (1) is to be treated for all purposes as forming part of the regulation; and, unless otherwise provided in the regulation, every amendment to any material incorporated by reference under subsection (1) that is made by the person or organisation originating the material is, subject to subsections (5) and (6), to be treated as being a part of that regulation. (5) Where any material referred to in subsection (1) is applied, adopted or incorporated by reference in any regulation made under this Act, the Agency must give notice in the Gazette stating — ( a ) that the material is incorporated in the regulation and the date on which the relevant provision in the regulation was made; ( b ) that the material is available for inspection during working hours, free of charge; ( c ) the place where the material can be inspected; ( d ) that copies of the material can be purchased; ( e ) the place where copies of the material can be purchased; and ( f ) if copies of the material are available in other ways, the details of where or how the material can be accessed or obtained. (6) The Agency must cause a copy of every code, standard, rule, requirement or specification incorporated by reference under subsection (1) to be made available for inspection by members of the general public without charge at the office of the Agency during normal office hours. (7) In this section, “modification” includes omissions, additions and substitutions. (8) This section does not apply to or in relation to any subsidiary legislation made under Part 2, 9 or 12.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s316
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 316
title: Presentation to Parliament
content:
316. All orders, rules and regulations made under this Act must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette .


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s317
chapter: PART 15 - REGULATIONS AND CODES
section: 317
title: Codes of practice
content:
317. —(1) The Agency may, from time to time — ( a ) issue one or more codes of practice applicable to holders of any FSSA authorisation generally or particular types of holders; ( b ) approve as a code of practice applicable to holders of any FSSA authorisation generally or particular types of holders any document prepared by a person other than the Agency if the Agency considers the document as suitable for this purpose; or ( c ) amend or revoke any code of practice issued under paragraph ( a ) or approved under paragraph ( b ), with respect to all or any of the subject matters in subsection (2). (2) The subject matters that a code of practice may deal with are — ( a ) the management and operations of a type of food business or a type of food premises or generally; ( b ) the benchmarks of good practice in the operations of food businesses generally or of a particular type of food business or at particular food premises; and ( c ) the duties and obligations of any food business licensee in relation to the operation of the food business. (3) If any provision in any code of practice is inconsistent with any provision of this Act, such provision, to the extent of the inconsistency — ( a ) is to have effect subject to the provisions of this Act; or ( b ) having regard to the provisions of this Act, is not to have effect. (4) Where a code of practice is issued, approved, amended or revoked by the Agency under subsection (1), the Agency must — ( a ) publish a notice of the issue, approval, amendment or revocation (as the case may be) of the code of practice in any manner that will secure adequate publicity for such issue, approval, amendment or revocation; ( b ) specify in the notice referred to in paragraph ( a ) the date of issue, approval, amendment or revocation, as the case may be; and ( c ) ensure that, so long as the code of practice remains in force, copies of that code, and of all amendments to that code, are available for inspection by any food business licensee and member of the general public. (5) No code of practice, no amendment to an approved code of practice, and no revocation of any such approved code of practice has any force or effect as an approved code of practice until the notice relating to that code of practice is published in accordance with subsection (4). (6) A code of practice issued or approved under this section does not have legislative effect. (7) Every food business licensee must comply with the relevant codes of practice applicable to the licensee. Use of code of practice in proceedings 318. —(1) A code of practice is admissible in evidence in any proceedings under this Act where — ( a ) a person is alleged to have committed an offence under this Act — (i) by reason of a contravention of any provision of this Act; or (ii) by reason of a failure to discharge or perform a duty or other requirement imposed by this Act; and ( b ) the matter to which the alleged contravention or failure relates is one to which, in the opinion of the court in the criminal proceedings, a code of practice relates. (2) In criminal proceedings referred to in subsection (1), evidence that — ( a ) a person has complied with a provision in a code of practice found by the court to be relevant to a matter to which a contravention or failure alleged in the proceedings relates; or ( b ) a person has contravened or failed to comply with, whether by act or omission, any such provision so found, may be relied on by any party to those proceedings as tending to establish or negate any liability which is in question in those proceedings.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s319
chapter: PART 16 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 319
title: Act binds Government
content:
319. —(1) This Act binds the Government and applies in relation to every regulated activity undertaken by the Government for the service of the Government, with the modifications, and subject to the restrictions, specified in rules made by the Minister under subsection (3). (2) For the purposes of this Act, every activity undertaken by the Government or any part thereof is treated as being made in the course of a business. (3) The Minister may make rules in the Gazette prescribing such modifications or restrictions of any provision of this Act in its application to any regulated activity undertaken by any part of the Government for the service of the Government, as the Minister may consider necessary or expedient — ( a ) in the interest of ensuring the efficiency or effectiveness of policies, programme management or service planning and delivery by that part of the Government; or ( b ) in the public interest of Singapore. (4) However, nothing in this Act — ( a ) renders the Government liable to prosecution for an offence under this Act; or ( b ) prevents a food security officer, an authorised officer, a food inspector, a Part 9 enforcement officer or an outsourced enforcement officer from exercising his or her powers or carrying out his or her duties under this Act. (5) To avoid doubt, no person is immune from prosecution for any offence under this Act by reason only that the person is employed or engaged to provide services to the Government. (6) For the purposes of this section — “part of the Government” includes a department, a Ministry or an Organ of State; “regulated activity” means any of the following: ( a ) the import, export or transhipment of any controlled item; ( b ) the undertaking of any primary production activity; ( c ) the carrying on of a food business; ( d ) the supply of food, or the handling of food intended for supply; ( e ) the production of animal feed; ( f ) the provision of non-packaged drinking water; “undertaken”, by the Government or any part of the Government, includes undertaken by any person under the direction and control of the Government or part of the Government.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s320
chapter: PART 16 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 320
title: General exemption
content:
320. The Minister may, by order in the Gazette , exempt any class of persons, food businesses, premises, food or activities from all or any provisions of this Act (except Part 9 or any Part 9 Regulations, any provision in Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations and Part 12), either generally or in a particular case and subject to any conditions that the Minister may impose.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s321
chapter: PART 16 - MISCELLANEOUS
section: 321
title: Administrative exemption from Act
content:
321. —(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Director‑General may exempt, for a period specified in the exemption — ( a ) a particular person, food business, premises, food or activity from the operation of any provision of this Act where not provided in paragraph ( b ) or excluded by subsection (7); or ( b ) a particular licensed importer or a particular food business licensee from any requirement in section 87, 88, 89, 99, 100 or 101. (2) An exemption under subsection (1)( a ) must not be granted unless the Director‑General is personally satisfied that all of the following apply: ( a ) the risk to public health of providing the exemption is negligible; ( b ) there are other sufficient safeguards under this Act or any other written law, or by other means, to minimise any risk to public health in providing the exemption; ( c ) there are requirements in other written law or there are other means that deal with the matter to be exempted besides the applicable requirements of this Act; ( d ) the exemption is necessary or desirable to avoid unnecessary restrictions on trade. (3) An exemption under subsection (1)( b ) must not be granted unless the Director‑General is personally satisfied that — ( a ) there are other sufficient safeguards under this Act or any other written law, or by other means, to minimise any risk to public health in providing the exemption; and ( b ) the exemption is necessary or desirable to avoid unnecessary restrictions on trade, after considering the factors in subsection (4). (4) The factors for the purposes of subsection (3) are all of the following: ( a ) the frequency and scale of the licensed importer or food business licensee’s operations; ( b ) the potential impact on consumers; ( c ) the kind of food supplied by the licensed importer or food business licensee; ( d ) the feasibility, effectiveness and efficiency of requiring the licensed importer or the proprietor of the licensable food business to comply with the requirement; ( e ) any other matters that the Director‑General considers relevant. (5) An exemption under this section — ( a ) must be in writing and given to the particular person concerned; and ( b ) need not be published in the Gazette . (6) The power under subsection (1) is non‑delegable. (7) An exemption under this section cannot extend — ( a ) to any provision in Part 2 or Part 9 or the Part 9 Regulations, or any provision in Part 10 involving any Part 9 Regulations; or ( b ) to exempting from all provisions of this Act.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s322
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 322
title: Amendment of section 8
content:
322. In the Animals and Birds Act 1965, in section 8, after subsection (3), insert — “ (4) This section does not apply to the import of eggs or egg products for the purpose of sale or handling as food for human consumption. ”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s323
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 323
title: New section 8A
content:
323. In the Animals and Birds Act 1965, after section 8, insert — “ Freeze on import licences 8A. —(1) This section applies for the period of time a directive made under section 70 of the Food Safety and Security Act 2025 is in force, banning the import of any live food producing animal of a particular kind from a particular country or place outside Singapore (called the freeze period). (2) During the freeze period of a directive made under section 70 of the Food Safety and Security Act 2025, the Director‑General — ( a ) must not grant under section 8 any licence that is for the import of any animal or bird if the licence authorises an import that would be inconsistent with the directive; and ( b ) may revoke or suspend any licence granted under section 8 for the import during the freeze period of any animal or bird that is inconsistent with the directive. (3) Before exercising any powers under subsection (2)( b ), the Director‑General must give notice to the holder of the licence concerned — ( a ) stating that the Director‑General proposes to revoke or suspend the licence in the manner as specified in the notice; and ( b ) specifying the time (being not less than 3 days starting the date of service of notice on such holder) within which written representations may be made to the Director‑General with respect to the proposed revocation or suspension of the licence, as the case may be. (4) Upon receipt of any written representation referred to in subsection (3)( b ), the Director‑General must consider the written representation and may — ( a ) reject the written representation; ( b ) decline to revoke or suspend the licence; or ( c ) suspend the licence in lieu of revoking it, and, in any event, the Director‑General must give written notice to that holder of the licence of his or her decision. (5) Subsection (2)( b ) does not affect section 62(1). ”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s324
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 324
title: Amendment of section 41
content:
324. In the Animals and Birds Act 1965, in section 41, in the definition of “animal‑related business” — ( a ) in paragraph ( b ), delete “or” at the end; ( b ) in paragraph ( c ), replace the comma at the end with “; or”; ( c ) after paragraph ( c ), insert — “ ( d ) the operation of any business in respect of animals intended to produce food or as food for human consumption; ”; and ( d ) delete “but does not include any business in respect of animals intended for consumption;”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s325
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 325
title: Amendment of section 59
content:
325. In the Animals and Birds Act 1965, in section 59, after subsection (2), insert — “ (2A) Subsections (1) and (2) do not extend to — ( a ) prohibiting or regulating the keeping, breeding or feeding of any animal or bird to produce food or as food for human consumption; ( b ) prohibiting or regulating the keeping, breeding or feeding of any animal or bird to produce feed for consumption by food producing animals; ( c ) requiring any person intending to keep or breed any animal or bird to produce food or as food for human consumption to obtain a licence from the Director‑General and to comply with the conditions of the licence; or ( d ) requiring any person intending to keep or breed any animal or bird to produce feed for consumption by food producing animals to obtain a licence from the Director‑General and to comply with the conditions of the licence. ”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s326
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 326
title: Amendment of section 62
content:
326. In the Animals and Birds Act 1965, in section 62 — ( a ) in subsection (1)( b )(iii), replace “Part 2A of the Sale of Food Act 1973” with “the Food Safety and Security Act 2025”; and ( b ) after subsection (4), insert — “ (4A) Subsection (4) does not extend to the Director‑General revoking or suspending under section 8A(2)( b ) any licence granted under section 8. ”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s327
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 327
title: Amendment of section 80
content:
327. In the Animals and Birds Act 1965, in section 80(2)( k ), after “method of production”, insert “, but not animal or bird production to produce food or as food for human consumption”. Division 2 &#x2014; Central Provident Fund Act 1953


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s328
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 328
title: Amendment of Third Schedule
content:
328. In the Central Provident Fund Act 1953, in the Third Schedule — ( a ) after item 17, insert — “ 17AA. Food Safety and Security Act 2025 ”; ( b ) delete item 36; and ( c ) delete item 42. Division 3 &#x2014; Consumer Protection (Trade Descriptions and
Safety Requirements) Act 1975


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s329
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 329
title: Amendment of Schedule
content:
329. In the Consumer Protection (Trade Descriptions and Safety Requirements) Act 1975, in the Schedule, replace item 1 with — “ 1. Food Safety and Security Act 2025. ”. Division 4 &#x2014; Control of Plants Act 1993


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s330
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 330
title: Amendment of long title
content:
330. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in the long title — ( a ) after “export of plants and plant products”, insert “(other than as food for human consumption)”; and ( b ) delete “the use of pesticides,”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s331
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 331
title: Amendment of section 2
content:
331. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in section 2 — ( a ) delete the definitions of “authorised analyst”, “certified pesticide operator”, “pesticide”, “pesticide residue”, “prohibited pesticide”, “prohibited pesticide residue” and “toxic chemical residue”; and ( b ) replace the definition of “fresh fruits and vegetables” with — “ “food” has the meaning given by section 4 of the Food Safety and Security Act 2025; ”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s334
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 334
title: Amendment of section 9
content:
334. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in section 9 — ( a ) in paragraph ( a ), delete “and” at the end; ( b ) in paragraph ( b ), replace the full‑stop at the end with “; and”; and ( c ) after paragraph ( b ), insert — “ ( c ) the cultivation of any plant as food or to produce food for human consumption. ”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s336
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 336
title: Amendment of section 28
content:
336. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in section 28(1), after “any country, territory or place”, insert “because of phytosanitary purposes”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s337
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 337
title: Amendment of section 31
content:
337. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in section 31 — ( a ) in subsection (1)( a ), replace “section 7 or 10;” with “section 10; or”; ( b ) in subsection (1), delete paragraph ( b ); ( c ) in subsection (3), replace “section 7 or 10” with “section 10”; ( d ) in subsection (3), delete “, including but not limited to the conditions necessary or related to ensuring a secure and reliable supply in Singapore of any fresh fruits or vegetables”; ( e ) delete subsection (4); ( f ) in subsection (7)( c ), delete “, unless it is a permit under section 8,”; and ( g ) in subsection (8), replace “section 7 or 10” with “section 10”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s338
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 338
title: Amendment of section 34
content:
338. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in section 34( a ), replace “section 10, 11(1) and (2), 22(2) or 41” with “section 10, 22(2) or 41”.


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s340
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 340
title: Amendment of section 49
content:
340. In the Control of Plants Act 1993, in section 49(2) — ( a ) delete paragraphs ( c ), ( d ), ( e ), ( f ), ( h ), ( s ), ( t ) and ( u ); ( b ) after paragraph ( l ), insert — “ ( la ) providing for a freeze on the grant, and for the cancelling, of any permit authorising the introduction into Singapore of any pest, when there is in force a directive made under section 70 of the Food Safety and Security Act 2025 banning the import of any live food producing animal of a particular kind from a particular country or place outside Singapore and where the permit or the grant thereof would be inconsistent with the directive; ”; and ( c ) in paragraph ( v ), delete “fresh fruits or vegetables which are the subject of”. Division 5 &#x2014; Environmental Public Health Act 1987


document_id: fssa-2025
provision_ref: s341
chapter: PART 17 - AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AND
section: 341
title: Amendment of section 2
content:
341. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, in section 2 — ( a ) in the definition of “Director‑General, Food Administration”, replace “section 3(1) of the Sale of Food Act 1973” with “section 277(1) of the Food Safety and Security Act 2025”; ( b ) replace the definition of “food” with — “ “food” has the meaning given by section 4 of the Food Safety and Security Act 2025; ”; and ( c ) delete the definitions of “food establishment”, “itinerant hawker”, “market”, “private market” and “public market”. Replacement of Part 4 heading 342. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, in Part 4, replace the Part heading with — “ TEMPORARY FAIRS AND NON-FOOD HAWKING ”. Replacement of section 31W 343. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, replace section 31W with — “ Singapore Food Agency administers Part 4 31W. —(1) The Singapore Food Agency is responsible for the administration of this Part, subject to the general or special directions of the Minister. (2) The Singapore Food Agency may, in relation to any provision of this Part, appoint as an authorised officer for the purposes of that provision any of the following who are suitably trained to properly exercise the powers of an authorised officer: ( a ) any officer of the Singapore Food Agency; ( b ) any officer of another statutory authority; ( c ) any public officer; ( d ) any auxiliary police officer. (3) The Singapore Food Agency may, for any reason that appears to it to be sufficient, at any time revoke an individual’s appointment under subsection (2) as an authorised officer. (4) The Singapore Food Agency may delegate the exercise of all or any of the powers conferred or duties imposed upon the Singapore Food Agency by any provision of this Part, to any authorised officer, subject to any conditions or limitations that the Singapore Food Agency may specify; and any reference in that provision of this Act or its subsidiary legislation to the Singapore Food Agency includes a reference to such an authorised officer. (5) However, nothing in subsection (4) authorises delegating — ( a ) the power of delegation conferred by that subsection; or ( b ) any power of the Singapore Food Agency to make subsidiary legislation under this Part. (6) An auxiliary police officer who is appointed as an authorised officer does not, by virtue only of the appointment, become an employee or agent of the Singapore Food Agency. ”. Deletion of section 32 344. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, delete section 32. Replacement of section 33 345. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, replace section 33 with — “ Licensing of non-food hawkers in public places 33. A person must not — ( a ) hawk, sell or expose for sale any goods of any kind but not any food; or ( b ) set up or use any stall, table, showboard, vehicle or receptacle for the purpose of hawking, selling or exposing for sale any goods of any kind but not any food, in any street or part of the street or in any premises or public place without first obtaining a licence from the Singapore Food Agency. ”. Deletion of section 34 346. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, delete section 34. Replacement of section 35 and new sections 35A and 35B 347. In the Environmental Public Health Act 1987, replace section 35 with — “ Temporary fairs 35. —(1) A person must not promote, organise or stage any temporary fair on any premises without a permit from the Singapore Food Agency. (2) In this section and sections 35A and 35B, “temporary fair” means a fete, garden party, carnival, bazaar or other like event held at any premises temporarily or on an occasional basis, in or at which persons occupy or have the use of barrows, tents, stalls, tables or other subdivisions from or at which goods and food, goods only, or food only, are sold, or displayed or offered, for sale by retail, but excludes a market.


