Physiological Process The core of this pathway was elucidated over a century ago and involves the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (Ang I) by renin, its subsequent conversion to angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin converting enzyme. Ang II activates the angiotensin II receptor type 1 to induce aldosterone synthesis, increasing water and salt resorption and potassium excretion in the kidney and increasing blood pressure. Source: PharmGKB (http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA2023&objCls=Pathway) b93 ce3 ce3 bc9 bd1 c74 af8 ce3 b5d c16 c74 bc9 bc9 18729003 PubMed Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and endothelial function. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008 Maron BA Leopold JA 15134803 PubMed The regulation of aldosterone synthase expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004 Bassett MH White PC Rainey WE 17464936 PubMed The emerging role of ACE2 in physiology and disease. J Pathol 2007 Hamming I Cooper ME Haagmans BL Hooper NM Korstanje R Osterhaus AD Timens W Turner AJ Navis G van Goor H angiotensin signaling pathway PW:0000245 Pathway Ontology 16374430 PubMed Renin increases mesangial cell transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix proteins through receptor-mediated, angiotensin II-independent mechanisms. Kidney Int 2006 Huang Y Wongamorntham S Kasting J McQuillan D Owens RT Yu L Noble NA Border W 15174896 PubMed Pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drug responses. Am J Pharmacogenomics 2004 Schwartz GL Turner ST 18449520 PubMed Are we poised to target ACE2 for the next generation of antihypertensives? J Mol Med 2008 Ferreira AJ Raizada MK 18035185 PubMed Effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibition on end-organ protection: can we do better? Clin Ther 2007 Weir MR 17376010 PubMed Angiotensin II reactivation and aldosterone escape phenomena in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: is oral renin inhibition the solution? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007 Athyros VG Mikhailidis DP Kakafika AI Tziomalos K Karagiannis A 18417113 PubMed The (pro)renin receptor: a new addition to the renin-angiotensin system? Eur J Pharmacol 2008 Batenburg WW Jan Danser AH 16679330 PubMed Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine. BMJ 2006 McDowell SE Coleman JJ Ferner RE ACE inhibitor drug pathway PW:0001228 Pathway Ontology