# # yanny.py # # Python library for reading & writing yanny files. # # B. A. Weaver, NYU, 2008-10-20 # # $Id: yanny.py 141452 2012-12-18 00:12:50Z weaver $ # """Python library for reading & writing yanny files. yanny is an object-oriented interface to FTCL/yanny data files following these specifications_. The format of the returned object is similar to that returned by ``read_yanny()`` in the efftickle perl package (in the yannytools product). Currently multidimensional arrays are only supported for type ``char``, but a close reading of the specifications indicates that multidimensional arrays were only ever intended to be supported for type ``char``. .. _specifications: http://www.sdss3.org/dr8/software/par.php """ __author__ = 'Benjamin Weaver ' __version__ = '$Revision: 141452 $'.split(': ')[1].split()[0] __all__ = [ 'yanny', 'read_yanny', 'write_yanny', 'write_yanny_append' ] __docformat__ = "restructuredtext en" # # Modules # import re import os import os.path import datetime import numpy # # Classes # class yanny(dict): """An object interface to a yanny file. Most users will use the convenience functions defined in this package, but this object provides a somewhat more powerful way of reading & writing the data in a yanny file. Attributes ---------- np : bool If True, data in a yanny file will be converted into a NumPy record array. debug : bool If True, some simple debugging statements will be turned on. _filename : str The name of a yanny parameter file. _contents : str The complete contents of a yanny parameter file. _struct_type_caches : dict A dictionary of dictionaries, one dictionary for every structure definition in a yanny parameter file. Contains the types of each column _struct_isarray_caches : dict A dictionary of dictionaries, one dictionary for every structure definition in a yanny parameter file. Contains a boolean value for every column. _enum_cache : dict Initially ``None``, this attribute is initialized the first time the ``isenum()`` method is called. The keyword is the name of the enum type, the value is a list of the possible values of that type. Parameters ---------- filename : str The name of a yanny file. np : bool, optional If True, data in a yanny file will be converted into a NumPy record array. Default is False debug : bool, optional If True, some simple debugging statements will be turned on. Default is False. """ # # # @staticmethod def get_token(string): """Removes the first 'word' from string. If the 'word' is enclosed in double quotes, it returns the contents of the double quotes. If the 'word' is enclosed in braces, it returns the contents of the braces, but does not attempt to split the array. If the 'word' is the last word of the string, remainder is set equal to the empty string. This is basically a wrapper on some convenient regular expressions. Parameters ---------- string : str A string containing words. Returns ------- get_token : tuple A tuple containing the first word and the remainder of the string. Examples -------- >>> yanny.yanny.get_token("The quick brown fox") ('The','quick brown fox') """ if string[0] == '"': (word, remainder) = re.search(r'^"([^"]*)"\s*(.*)', string).groups() elif string[0] == '{': (word, remainder) = re.search(r'^\{\s*([^}]*)\s*\}\s*(.*)', string).groups() else: try: (word, remainder) = re.split(r'\s+',string,1) except ValueError: (word, remainder) = (string, '') if remainder is None: remainder = '' return (word,remainder) # # # @staticmethod def protect(x): """Used to appropriately quote string that might contain whitespace. This method is mostly for internal use by the yanny object. Parameters ---------- x : str The data to protect. Returns ------- protect : str The data with white space protected by quotes. Examples -------- >>> yanny.yanny.protect('This string contains whitespace.') '"This string contains whitespace."' """ s = str(x) if len(s) == 0 or re.search(r'\s+',s) is not None: return '"' + s + '"' else: return s # # # @staticmethod def dtype_to_struct(dt,structname='mystruct',enums=dict()): """Convert a NumPy dtype object describing a record array to a typedef struct statement. The second argument is the name of the structure. If any of the columns are enum types, enums must be a dictionary with the keys the column names, and the values are a tuple containing the name of the enum type as the first item and a tuple or list of possible values as the second item. Parameters ---------- dt : numpy.dtype The dtype of a NumPy record array. structname : str, optional The name to give the structure in the yanny file. Defaults to 'MYSTRUCT'. enums : dict, optional A dictionary containing enum information. See details above. Returns ------- dtype_to_struct : dict A dictionary suitable for setting the 'symbols' dictionary of a new yanny object. Examples -------- """ dtmap = {'i2':'short','i4':'int','i8':'long','f4':'float', 'f8':'double'} returnenums = list() for e in enums: lines = list() lines.append('typedef enum {') for n in enums[e][1]: lines.append(" {0},".format(n)) lines[-1] = lines[-1].strip(',') lines.append('}} {0};'.format(enums[e][0].upper())) returnenums.append("\n".join(lines)) #lines.append('') lines = list() lines.append('typedef struct {') for c in dt.names: if dt[c].kind == 'V': t = dt[c].subdtype[0].str[1:] l = dt[c].subdtype[1][0] s = dt[c].subdtype[0].itemsize else: t = dt[c].str[1:] l = 0 s = dt[c].itemsize line = ' ' if t[0] == 'S': if c in enums: line += enums[c][0].upper() else: line += 'char' else: line += dtmap[t] line += ' {0}'.format(c) if l > 0: line += "[{0:d}]".format(l) if t[0] == 'S' and c not in enums: line += "[{0:d}]".format(s) line += ';' lines.append(line) lines.append('}} {0};'.format(structname.upper())) return {structname.upper():list(dt.names),'enum':returnenums,'struct':["\n".join(lines)]} # # # def __init__(self,filename=None,np=False,debug=False): """Create a yanny object using a yanny file. Create a yanny object using a yanny file, filename. If the file exists, it is read, & the dict structure of the object will be basically the same as that returned by ``read_yanny()`` in the efftickle package. If the file does not exist, or if no filename is given, a blank structure is returned. Other methods allow for subsequent writing to the file. """ # # The symbol hash is inherited from the old read_yanny # self['symbols'] = dict() # # Create special attributes that contain the internal status of the object # this should prevent overlap with keywords in the data files # self._filename = '' self._contents = '' # # Since the re is expensive, cache the structure types keyed by the field. # Create a dictionary for each structure found. # self._struct_type_caches = dict() self._struct_isarray_caches = dict() self._enum_cache = None # # Optionally convert numeric data into NumPy arrays # self.np = np # # Turn on simple debugging # self.debug = debug # # If the file exists, read it # if filename is not None: if os.access(filename,os.R_OK): self._filename = filename with open(filename,'r') as f: self._contents = f.read() self._parse() return # # # def __str__(self): """Implement the ``str()`` function for yanny objects. Simply prints the current contents of the yanny file. """ return self._contents # # # def __eq__(self,other): """Test two yanny objects for equality. Two yanny objects are assumed to be equal if their contents are equal. """ if isinstance(other,yanny): return str(other) == str(self) return NotImplemented # # # def __ne__(self,other): """Test two yanny objects for inequality. Two yanny objects are assumed to be unequal if their contents are unequal. """ if isinstance(other,yanny): return str(other) != str(self) return NotImplemented # # # def __nonzero__(self): """Give a yanny object a definite truth value. A yanny object is considered ``True`` if its contents are non-zero. """ return len(self._contents) > 0 # # # def type(self,structure,variable): """Returns the type of a variable defined in a structure. Returns ``None`` if the structure or the variable is undefined. """ if structure not in self: return None if variable not in self.columns(structure): return None defl = list(filter(lambda x: x.find(structure.lower()) > 0, self['symbols']['struct'])) defu = list(filter(lambda x: x.find(structure.upper()) > 0, self['symbols']['struct'])) if len(defl) != 1 and len(defu) != 1: return None elif len(defl) == 1: definition = defl else: definition = defu # # Added code to cache values to speed up parsing large files. # 2009.05.11 / Demitri Muna, NYU # Find (or create) the cache for this structure. # try: cache = self._struct_type_caches[structure] except KeyError: self._struct_type_caches[structure] = dict() cache = self._struct_type_caches[structure] # cache for one struct type # # Lookup (or create) the value for this variable # try: var_type = cache[variable] except KeyError: if self.debug: print(variable) typere = re.compile(r'(\S+)\s+{0}([[<].*[]>]|);'.format(variable)) (typ,array) = typere.search(definition[0]).groups() var_type = typ + array.replace('<','[').replace('>',']') cache[variable] = var_type return var_type # # # def basetype(self,structure,variable): """Returns the bare type of a variable, stripping off any array information.""" typ = self.type(structure,variable) if self.debug: print(variable, typ) try: return typ[0:typ.index('[')] except ValueError: return typ # # # def isarray(self,structure,variable): """Returns True if the variable is an array type. For character types, this means a two-dimensional array, *e.g.*: ``char[5][20]``. """ try: cache = self._struct_isarray_caches[structure] except KeyError: self._struct_isarray_caches[structure] = dict() cache = self._struct_isarray_caches[structure] try: result = cache[variable] except KeyError: typ = self.type(structure,variable) character_array = re.compile(r'char[[<]\d*[]>][[<]\d*[]>]') if ((character_array.search(typ) is not None) or (typ.find('char') < 0 and (typ.find('[') >= 0 or typ.find('<') >= 0))): cache[variable] = True else: cache[variable] = False result = cache[variable] return result # # # def isenum(self,structure,variable): """Returns true if a variable is an enum type. """ if self._enum_cache is None: self._enum_cache = dict() if 'enum' in self['symbols']: for e in self['symbols']['enum']: m = re.search(r'typedef\s+enum\s*\{([^}]+)\}\s*(\w+)\s*;',e).groups() self._enum_cache[m[1]] = re.split(r',\s*',m[0].strip()) else: return False return self.basetype(structure,variable) in self._enum_cache # # # def array_length(self,structure,variable): """Returns the length of an array type or 1 if the variable is not an array. For character types, this is the length of a two-dimensional array, *e.g.*, ``char[5][20]`` has length 5. """ if self.isarray(structure,variable): typ = self.type(structure,variable) return int(typ[typ.index('[')+1:typ.index(']')]) else: return 1 # # # def char_length(self,structure,variable): """Returns the length of a character field. *e.g.* ``char[5][20]`` is an array of 5 strings of length 20. Returns ``None`` if the variable is not a character type. If the length is not specified, *i.e.* ``char[]``, it returns the length of the largest string. """ typ = self.type(structure,variable) if typ.find('char') < 0: return None try: return int(typ[typ.rfind('[')+1:typ.rfind(']')]) except ValueError: if self.isarray(structure,variable): return max([max(map(len,r)) for r in self[structure][variable]]) else: return max(map(len,self[structure][variable])) # # # def dtype(self,structure): """Returns a NumPy dtype object suitable for describing a table as a record array. Treats enums as string, which is what the IDL reader does. """ dt = list() dtmap = {'short':'i2', 'int':'i4', 'long':'i8', 'float':'f', 'double':'d' } for c in self.columns(structure): typ = self.basetype(structure,c) if typ == 'char': d = "S{0:d}".format(self.char_length(structure,c)) elif self.isenum(structure,c): d = "S{0:d}".format(max(map(len,self._enum_cache[typ]))) else: d = dtmap[typ] if self.isarray(structure,c): dt.append((c,d,(self.array_length(structure,c),))) else: dt.append((c,d)) dt = numpy.dtype(dt) return dt # # # def convert(self,structure,variable,value): """Converts value into the appropriate (Python) type. * ``short`` & ``int`` are converted to Python ``int``. * ``long`` is converted to Python ``long``. * ``float`` & ``double`` are converted to Python ``float``. * Other types are not altered. There may be further conversions into NumPy types, but this is the first stage. """ typ = self.basetype(structure,variable) if (typ == 'short' or typ == 'int'): if self.isarray(structure,variable): return map(int, value) else: return int(value) if typ == 'long': if self.isarray(structure,variable): return map(long, value) else: return long(value) if (typ == 'float' or typ == 'double'): if self.isarray(structure,variable): return map(float, value) else: return float(value) return value # # # def tables(self): """Returns a list of all the defined structures. This is just the list of keys of the object with the 'internal' keys removed. """ foo = self['symbols'].keys() foo.remove('struct') foo.remove('enum') return foo # # # def columns(self,table): """Returns an ordered list of column names associated with a particular table. The order is the same order as they are defined in the yanny file. """ foo = list() if table in self['symbols']: return self['symbols'][table] return foo # # # def size(self,table): """Returns the number of rows in a table. """ foo = self.columns(table) return len(self[table][foo[0]]) # # # def pairs(self): """Returns a list of keys to keyword/value pairs. Equivalent to doing ``self.keys()``, but with all the data tables & other control structures stripped out. """ p = list() foo = self.tables() for k in self.keys(): if k == 'symbols' or k in foo: continue p.append(k) return p # # # def row(self,table,index): """Returns a list containing a single row from a specified table in column order If index is out of range, it returns an empty list. If the yanny object instance is set up for NumPy record arrays, then a single row can be obtained with:: >>> row0 = par['TABLE'][0] """ datarow = list() if table in self and index >= 0 and index < self.size(table): for c in self.columns(table): datarow.append(self[table][c][index]) return datarow # # # def set_filename(self,newfile): """Updates the filename associated with the yanny object. Use this if the object was created with no filename. """ self._filename = newfile return # # # def list_of_dicts(self, table): """Construct a list of dictionaries. Takes a table from the yanny object and constructs a list object containing one row per entry. Each item in the list is a dictionary keyed by the struct value names. If the yanny object instance is set up for NumPy record arrays, then the same functionality can be obtained with:: >>> foo = par['TABLE'][0]['column'] """ return_list = list() d = dict() struct_fields = self.columns(table) # I'm assuming these are in order... for i in range(self.size(table)): one_row = self.row(table, i) # one row as a list j = 0 for key in struct_fields: d[key] = one_row[j] j = j + 1 return_list.append(dict(d)) # append a new dict (copy of d) return return_list # # # def new_dict_from_pairs(self): """Returns a new dictionary of keyword/value pairs. The new dictionary (*i.e.*, not a yanny object) contains the keys that ``self.pairs()`` returns. There are two reasons this is convenient: * the key 'symbols' that is part of the yanny object will not be present * a simple yanny file can be read with no further processing Example ------- Read a yanny file and return only the pairs:: >>> new_dict = yanny.yanny(file).new_dict_from_pairs() added: Demitri Muna, NYU 2009-04-28 """ new_dictionary = dict() for key in self.pairs(): new_dictionary[key] = self[key] return new_dictionary # # # def write(self,*args): """Write a yanny object to a file. This assumes that the filename used to create the object was not that of a pre-existing file. If a file of the same name is detected, this method will *not* attempt to overwrite it, but will print a warning. This also assumes that the special 'symbols' key has been properly created. This will not necessarily make the file very human-readable, especially if the data lines are long. If the name of a new file is given, it will write to the new file (assuming it doesn't exist). If the writing is successful, the data in the object will be updated. """ if len(args) > 0: newfile = args[0] else: if len(self._filename) > 0: newfile = self._filename else: raise ValueError("No filename specified!") basefile = os.path.basename(newfile) timestamp = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC') contents = "#\n# {0}\n#\n# Created by yanny.py\n#\n# {1}\n#\n".format(basefile,timestamp) # # Print any key/value pairs # for key in self.pairs(): contents += "{0} {1}\n".format(key,self[key]) # # Print out enum definitions # if len(self['symbols']['enum']) > 0: contents += "\n" + "\n\n".join(self['symbols']['enum']) + "\n" # # Print out structure definitions # if len(self['symbols']['struct']) > 0: contents += "\n" + "\n\n".join(self['symbols']['struct']) + "\n" contents += "\n" # # Print out the data tables # for sym in self.tables(): columns = self.columns(sym) for k in range(self.size(sym)): line = list() line.append(sym) for col in columns: if self.isarray(sym,col): datum = '{' + ' '.join(map(self.protect,self[sym][col][k])) + '}' else: datum = self.protect(self[sym][col][k]) line.append(datum) contents += "{0}\n".format(' '.join(line)) # # Actually write the data to file # if os.access(newfile,os.F_OK): print("{0} exists, aborting write!".format(newfile)) print("For reference, here's what would have been written:") print(contents) else: with open(newfile,'w') as f: f.write(contents) self._contents = contents self._filename = newfile self._parse() return # # # def append(self,datatable): """Appends data to an existing FTCL/yanny file. Tries as much as possible to preserve the ordering & format of the original file. The datatable should adhere to the format of the yanny object, but it is not necessary to reproduce the 'symbols' dictionary. It will not try to append data to a file that does not exist. If the append is successful, the data in the object will be updated. """ if len(self._filename) == 0: raise ValueError("No filename is set for this object. Use the set_filename method to set the filename!") if type(datatable) != dict: raise ValueError("Data to append is not of the correct type. Use a dict!") timestamp = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC') contents = '' # # Print any key/value pairs # for key in datatable.keys(): if key.upper() in self.tables() or key == 'symbols': continue contents += "{0} {1}\n".format(key, datatable[key]) # # Print out the data tables # for sym in self.tables(): if sym.lower() in datatable: datasym = sym.lower() else: datasym = sym if datasym in datatable: columns = self.columns(sym) for k in range(len(datatable[datasym][columns[0]])): line = list() line.append(sym) for col in columns: if self.isarray(sym,col): datum = '{' + ' '.join(map(self.protect,datatable[datasym][col][k])) + '}' else: datum = self.protect(datatable[datasym][col][k]) line.append(datum) contents += "{0}\n".format(' '.join(line)) # # Actually write the data to file # if len(contents) > 0: contents = ("# Appended by yanny.py at {0}.\n".format(timestamp)) + contents if os.access(self._filename,os.W_OK): with open(self._filename,'a') as f: f.write(contents) self._contents += contents self._parse() else: print("{0} does not exist, aborting append!".format(self._filename)) print("For reference, here's what would have been written:") print(contents) else: print("Nothing to be appended!") return # # # def _parse(self): """Converts text into tables that users can use. This method is for use internally by the yanny object. It is not meant to be called by users. Parsing proceeds in this order: #. Lines that end with a backslash character ``\`` are reattached to following lines. #. Structure & enum definitions are identified, saved into the 'symbols' dictionary & stripped from the contents. #. Structure definitions are interpreted. #. At this point, the remaining lines of the original file can only contain these things: * 'blank' lines, including lines that only contain comments * keyword/value pairs * structure rows #. The remaining lines are scanned sequentially. #. 'Blank' lines are identified & ignored. #. Whitespace & comments are stripped from non-blank lines. #. Empty double braces ``{{}}`` are converted into empty double quotes ``""``. #. If the first word on a line matches the name of a structure, the line is broken up into tokens & each token or set of tokens (for arrays) is converted to the appropriate Python type. #. If the first word on a line does not match the name of a structure, it must be a keyword, so this line is interpreted as a keyword/value pair. No further processing is done to the value. #. At the conclusion of parsing, if ``self.np`` is ``True``, the structures are converted into NumPy record arrays. """ # # there are five things we might find # 1. 'blank' lines including comments # 2. keyword/value pairs (which may have trailing comments) # 3. enumeration definitions # 4. structure definitions # 5. data # lines = self._contents # # Reattach lines ending with \ # lines = re.sub(r'\\\s*\n',' ',lines) # # Find structure & enumeration definitions & strip them out # self['symbols']['struct'] = re.findall(r'typedef\s+struct\s*\{[^}]+\}\s*\w+\s*;',lines) self['symbols']['enum'] = re.findall(r'typedef\s+enum\s*\{[^}]+\}\s*\w+\s*;',lines) lines = re.sub(r'typedef\s+struct\s*\{[^}]+\}\s*\w+\s*;','',lines) lines = re.sub(r'typedef\s+enum\s*\{[^}]+\}\s*\w+\s*;','',lines) # # Interpret the structure definitions # typedefre = re.compile(r'typedef\s+struct\s*\{([^}]+)\}\s*(\w*)\s*;') for typedef in self['symbols']['struct']: typedefm = typedefre.search(typedef) (definition,name) = typedefm.groups() self[name.upper()] = dict() self['symbols'][name.upper()] = list() definitions = re.findall(r'\S+\s+\S+;',definition) for d in definitions: d = d.replace(';','') (datatype,column) = re.split(r'\s+',d) column = re.sub(r'[[<].*[]>]$','',column) self['symbols'][name.upper()].append(column) self[name.upper()][column] = list() comments = re.compile(r'^\s*#') # Remove lines containing only comments blanks = re.compile(r'^\s*$') # Remove lines containing only whitespace trailing_comments = re.compile(r'\s*\#.*$') # Remove trailing comments double_braces = re.compile(r'\{\s*\{\s*\}\s*\}') # Double empty braces get replaced with empty quotes if len(lines) > 0: for line in lines.split('\n'): if self.debug: print(line) if len(line) == 0: continue if comments.search(line) is not None: continue if blanks.search(line) is not None: continue # # Remove leading & trailing blanks & comments # line = line.strip() line = trailing_comments.sub('',line) line = double_braces.sub('""',line) # # Now if the first word on the line does not match a # structure definition it is a keyword/value pair # (key, value) = self.get_token(line) uckey = key.upper() if uckey in self['symbols'].keys(): # # Structure data # for column in self['symbols'][uckey]: if len(value) > 0 and blanks.search(value) is None: (data,value) = self.get_token(value) if self.isarray(uckey,column): # # An array value # if it's character data, it won't be # delimited by {} unless it is a multidimensional # string array. It may or may not be delimited # by double quotes # # Note, we're assuming here that the only # multidimensional arrays are string arrays # arraydata = list() while len(data) > 0: (token, data) = self.get_token(data) arraydata.append(token) self[uckey][column].append( self.convert(uckey,column,arraydata)) else: # # A single value # self[uckey][column].append( self.convert(uckey,column,data)) else: break else: # # Keyword/value pair # self[key] = value # # If self.np is True, convert tables into NumPy record arrays # if self.np: for t in self.tables(): record = numpy.zeros((self.size(t),),dtype=self.dtype(t)) for c in self.columns(t): record[c] = self[t][c] self[t] = record return # # Functions # def read_yanny(filename): """Reads the contents of an FTCL/yanny file & returns the data in a dictionary. This is just a convenience wrapper on a yanny object, for use when a user is not interested in changing the contents of a yanny object. Parameters ---------- filename : str The name of a parameter file. Returns ------- par : dict A copy of the yanny object. Examples -------- """ par = yanny(filename) return par.copy() # # # def write_yanny(filename,datatable): """Writes the contents of a dictionary to an FTCL/yanny file. Ideally used in conjunction with read_yanny() to create an initial dictionary of the appropriate format. Parameters ---------- filename : str The name of a parameter file. datatable : dict A dictionary containing data that can be copied into a yanny object. Returns ------- par : yanny.yanny The yanny object resulting from writing the file. Examples -------- """ par = yanny(filename) for key in datatable: par[key] = datatable[key] par.write(filename) return par # # # def write_yanny_append(filename,datatable): """Appends the contents of a dictionary to an existing FTCL/yanny file. Ideally used in conjunction with read_yanny() to create an initial dictionary of the appropriate format. Parameters ---------- filename : str The name of a parameter file. datatable : dict A dictionary containing data that can be copied into a yanny object. Returns ------- par : yanny.yanny The yanny object resulting from appending the file. Examples -------- """ par = yanny(filename) par.append(datatable) return par # # # def write_ndarray_to_yanny(filename,datatable,structname='mystruct',enums=dict(),hdr=dict()): """Converts a NumPy record array into a new FTCL/yanny file. Returns a new yanny object corresponding to the file. Parameters ---------- filename : str The name of a parameter file. datatable : numpy.ndarray A NumPy record array containing data that can be copied into a yanny object. structname : str, optional The name to give the structure in the yanny file. Defaults to 'MYSTRUCT'. enums : dict, optional A dictionary containing enum information. See details above. hdr : dict, optional A dictionary containing keyword/value pairs for the 'header' of the yanny file. Returns ------- par : yanny.yanny The yanny object resulting from writing the file. Examples -------- """ par = yanny(filename,np=True,debug=True) par['symbols'] = par.dtype_to_struct(datatable.dtype,structname=structname,enums=enums) par[structname.upper()] = datatable for key in hdr: par[key] = hdr[key] par.write(filename) return par # # # def main(): """Used to test the yanny class. """ par = yanny(os.path.join(os.getenv('YANNYTOOLS_DIR'),'data','test.par'), np=True,debug=True) print(par.pairs()) for p in par.pairs(): print("{0} => {1}".format(p, par[p])) print(par.keys()) print(par['symbols'].keys()) print(par['symbols']['struct']) print(par['symbols']['enum']) print(par.tables()) for t in par.tables(): print(par.dtype(t)) print("{0}: {1:d} entries".format(t,par.size(t))) print(par.columns(t)) for c in par.columns(t): print("{0}: type {1}".format(c,par.type(t,c))) print(par[t][c]) if par.isenum('MYSTRUCT','new_flag'): print(par._enum_cache) par.write() # This should fail, since test.par already exists. datatable = {'status_update': {'state':['SUCCESS', 'SUCCESS'], 'timestamp':['2008-06-22 01:27:33','2008-06-22 01:27:36']}, 'new_keyword':'new_value'} par.set_filename(os.path.join(os.getenv('YANNYTOOLS_DIR'),'data','test_append.par')) par.append(datatable) # This should also fail, because test_append.par does not exist return # # Testing purposes # if __name__ == '__main__': main()