---
name: Genes Protein and Variation 3
route: /2018/fall/bi341/week1/3
menu: BI 341
order: 3
---

# Notes from 9/28

## Vocabulary

| Word                   | Definition      |
| ---------------------- |-----------------|
| DNA Denaturation       | DEFINITION      |
| DNA Renaturation       | DEFINITION      |
| Restriction Enzymes    | DEFINITION      |



*Try to go back and study the process of replication with all the different enzymes.*

## Replication Fork

### How Fast is the Fork Going?

*E. coli* can replicate in about 20 minutes under optimal conditions. 
*E. coli* genome contains `4.5 * 10^6` base pairs.

= `4,500,000` base pairs
`/ 2 replication forks / 1200 seconds` = `1,875` base pairs / replication fork / second.

Eukaryotic cells replicate slightly slower than prokaryotic cells.

### Error Rates in Replication

It's about `1` error in `10,000,000,000` bases.

Almost every cell is slightly different than the one before it because of these errors and differences.

## Nucleic Acid Hybridization

## Restriction Enzymes

Can cut up DNA to protect itself. *what?*