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1<h1 align="center">
2 <img width="100" height="100" src="logo.svg" alt=""><br>
3 jsdom
4</h1>
5
6jsdom is a pure-JavaScript implementation of many web standards, notably the WHATWG [DOM](https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/) and [HTML](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/) Standards, for use with Node.js. In general, the goal of the project is to emulate enough of a subset of a web browser to be useful for testing and scraping real-world web applications.
7
8The latest versions of jsdom require Node.js v18 or newer. (Versions of jsdom below v23 still work with previous Node.js versions, but are unsupported.)
9
10## Basic usage
11
12```js
13const jsdom = require("jsdom");
14const { JSDOM } = jsdom;
15```
16
17To use jsdom, you will primarily use the `JSDOM` constructor, which is a named export of the jsdom main module. Pass the constructor a string. You will get back a `JSDOM` object, which has a number of useful properties, notably `window`:
18
19```js
20const dom = new JSDOM(`<!DOCTYPE html><p>Hello world</p>`);
21console.log(dom.window.document.querySelector("p").textContent); // "Hello world"
22```
23
24(Note that jsdom will parse the HTML you pass it just like a browser does, including implied `<html>`, `<head>`, and `<body>` tags.)
25
26The resulting object is an instance of the `JSDOM` class, which contains a number of useful properties and methods besides `window`. In general, it can be used to act on the jsdom from the "outside," doing things that are not possible with the normal DOM APIs. For simple cases, where you don't need any of this functionality, we recommend a coding pattern like
27
28```js
29const { window } = new JSDOM(`...`);
30// or even
31const { document } = (new JSDOM(`...`)).window;
32```
33
34Full documentation on everything you can do with the `JSDOM` class is below, in the section "`JSDOM` Object API".
35
36## Customizing jsdom
37
38The `JSDOM` constructor accepts a second parameter which can be used to customize your jsdom in the following ways.
39
40### Simple options
41
42```js
43const dom = new JSDOM(``, {
44 url: "https://example.org/",
45 referrer: "https://example.com/",
46 contentType: "text/html",
47 includeNodeLocations: true,
48 storageQuota: 10000000
49});
50```
51
52- `url` sets the value returned by `window.location`, `document.URL`, and `document.documentURI`, and affects things like resolution of relative URLs within the document and the same-origin restrictions and referrer used while fetching subresources. It defaults to `"about:blank"`.
53- `referrer` just affects the value read from `document.referrer`. It defaults to no referrer (which reflects as the empty string).
54- `contentType` affects the value read from `document.contentType`, as well as how the document is parsed: as HTML or as XML. Values that are not a [HTML MIME type](https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#html-mime-type) or an [XML MIME type](https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#xml-mime-type) will throw. It defaults to `"text/html"`. If a `charset` parameter is present, it can affect [binary data processing](#encoding-sniffing).
55- `includeNodeLocations` preserves the location info produced by the HTML parser, allowing you to retrieve it with the `nodeLocation()` method (described below). It also ensures that line numbers reported in exception stack traces for code running inside `<script>` elements are correct. It defaults to `false` to give the best performance, and cannot be used with an XML content type since our XML parser does not support location info.
56- `storageQuota` is the maximum size in code units for the separate storage areas used by `localStorage` and `sessionStorage`. Attempts to store data larger than this limit will cause a `DOMException` to be thrown. By default, it is set to 5,000,000 code units per origin, as inspired by the HTML specification.
57
58Note that both `url` and `referrer` are canonicalized before they're used, so e.g. if you pass in `"https:example.com"`, jsdom will interpret that as if you had given `"https://example.com/"`. If you pass an unparseable URL, the call will throw. (URLs are parsed and serialized according to the [URL Standard](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/).)
59
60### Executing scripts
61
62jsdom's most powerful ability is that it can execute scripts inside the jsdom. These scripts can modify the content of the page and access all the web platform APIs jsdom implements.
63
64However, this is also highly dangerous when dealing with untrusted content. The jsdom sandbox is not foolproof, and code running inside the DOM's `<script>`s can, if it tries hard enough, get access to the Node.js environment, and thus to your machine. As such, the ability to execute scripts embedded in the HTML is disabled by default:
65
66```js
67const dom = new JSDOM(`<body>
68 <div id="content"></div>
69 <script>document.getElementById("content").append(document.createElement("hr"));</script>
70</body>`);
71
72// The script will not be executed, by default:
73console.log(dom.window.document.getElementById("content").children.length); // 0
74```
75
76To enable executing scripts inside the page, you can use the `runScripts: "dangerously"` option:
77
78```js
79const dom = new JSDOM(`<body>
80 <div id="content"></div>
81 <script>document.getElementById("content").append(document.createElement("hr"));</script>
82</body>`, { runScripts: "dangerously" });
83
84// The script will be executed and modify the DOM:
85console.log(dom.window.document.getElementById("content").children.length); // 1
86```
87
88Again we emphasize to only use this when feeding jsdom code you know is safe. If you use it on arbitrary user-supplied code, or code from the Internet, you are effectively running untrusted Node.js code, and your machine could be compromised.
89
90If you want to execute _external_ scripts, included via `<script src="">`, you'll also need to ensure that they load them. To do this, add the option `resources: "usable"` [as described below](#loading-subresources). (You'll likely also want to set the `url` option, for the reasons discussed there.)
91
92Event handler attributes, like `<div onclick="">`, are also governed by this setting; they will not function unless `runScripts` is set to `"dangerously"`. (However, event handler _properties_, like `div.onclick = ...`, will function regardless of `runScripts`.)
93
94If you are simply trying to execute script "from the outside", instead of letting `<script>` elements and event handlers attributes run "from the inside", you can use the `runScripts: "outside-only"` option, which enables fresh copies of all the JavaScript spec-provided globals to be installed on `window`. This includes things like `window.Array`, `window.Promise`, etc. It also, notably, includes `window.eval`, which allows running scripts, but with the jsdom `window` as the global:
95
96```js
97const dom = new JSDOM(`<body>
98 <div id="content"></div>
99 <script>document.getElementById("content").append(document.createElement("hr"));</script>
100</body>`, { runScripts: "outside-only" });
101
102// run a script outside of JSDOM:
103dom.window.eval('document.getElementById("content").append(document.createElement("p"));');
104
105console.log(dom.window.document.getElementById("content").children.length); // 1
106console.log(dom.window.document.getElementsByTagName("hr").length); // 0
107console.log(dom.window.document.getElementsByTagName("p").length); // 1
108```
109
110This is turned off by default for performance reasons, but is safe to enable.
111
112Note that in the default configuration, without setting `runScripts`, the values of `window.Array`, `window.eval`, etc. will be the same as those provided by the outer Node.js environment. That is, `window.eval === eval` will hold, so `window.eval` will not run scripts in a useful way.
113
114We strongly advise against trying to "execute scripts" by mashing together the jsdom and Node global environments (e.g. by doing `global.window = dom.window`), and then executing scripts or test code inside the Node global environment. Instead, you should treat jsdom like you would a browser, and run all scripts and tests that need access to a DOM inside the jsdom environment, using `window.eval` or `runScripts: "dangerously"`. This might require, for example, creating a browserify bundle to execute as a `<script>` element—just like you would in a browser.
115
116Finally, for advanced use cases you can use the `dom.getInternalVMContext()` method, documented below.
117
118### Pretending to be a visual browser
119
120jsdom does not have the capability to render visual content, and will act like a headless browser by default. It provides hints to web pages through APIs such as `document.hidden` that their content is not visible.
121
122When the `pretendToBeVisual` option is set to `true`, jsdom will pretend that it is rendering and displaying content. It does this by:
123
124* Changing `document.hidden` to return `false` instead of `true`
125* Changing `document.visibilityState` to return `"visible"` instead of `"prerender"`
126* Enabling `window.requestAnimationFrame()` and `window.cancelAnimationFrame()` methods, which otherwise do not exist
127
128```js
129const window = (new JSDOM(``, { pretendToBeVisual: true })).window;
130
131window.requestAnimationFrame(timestamp => {
132 console.log(timestamp > 0);
133});
134```
135
136Note that jsdom still [does not do any layout or rendering](#unimplemented-parts-of-the-web-platform), so this is really just about _pretending_ to be visual, not about implementing the parts of the platform a real, visual web browser would implement.
137
138### Loading subresources
139
140#### Basic options
141
142By default, jsdom will not load any subresources such as scripts, stylesheets, images, or iframes. If you'd like jsdom to load such resources, you can pass the `resources: "usable"` option, which will load all usable resources. Those are:
143
144* Frames and iframes, via `<frame>` and `<iframe>`
145* Stylesheets, via `<link rel="stylesheet">`
146* Scripts, via `<script>`, but only if `runScripts: "dangerously"` is also set
147* Images, via `<img>`, but only if the `canvas` npm package is also installed (see "[Canvas Support](#canvas-support)" below)
148
149When attempting to load resources, recall that the default value for the `url` option is `"about:blank"`, which means that any resources included via relative URLs will fail to load. (The result of trying to parse the URL `/something` against the URL `about:blank` is an error.) So, you'll likely want to set a non-default value for the `url` option in those cases, or use one of the [convenience APIs](#convenience-apis) that do so automatically.
150
151#### Advanced configuration
152
153To more fully customize jsdom's resource-loading behavior, you can pass an instance of the `ResourceLoader` class as the `resources` option value:
154
155```js
156const resourceLoader = new jsdom.ResourceLoader({
157 proxy: "http://127.0.0.1:9001",
158 strictSSL: false,
159 userAgent: "Mellblomenator/9000",
160});
161const dom = new JSDOM(``, { resources: resourceLoader });
162```
163
164The three options to the `ResourceLoader` constructor are:
165
166- `proxy` is the address of an HTTP proxy to be used.
167- `strictSSL` can be set to false to disable the requirement that SSL certificates be valid.
168- `userAgent` affects the `User-Agent` header sent, and thus the resulting value for `navigator.userAgent`. It defaults to <code>\`Mozilla/5.0 (${process.platform || "unknown OS"}) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) jsdom/${jsdomVersion}\`</code>.
169
170You can further customize resource fetching by subclassing `ResourceLoader` and overriding the `fetch()` method. For example, here is a version that overrides the response provided for a specific URL:
171
172```js
173class CustomResourceLoader extends jsdom.ResourceLoader {
174 fetch(url, options) {
175 // Override the contents of this script to do something unusual.
176 if (url === "https://example.com/some-specific-script.js") {
177 return Promise.resolve(Buffer.from("window.someGlobal = 5;"));
178 }
179
180 return super.fetch(url, options);
181 }
182}
183```
184
185jsdom will call your custom resource loader's `fetch()` method whenever it encounters a "usable" resource, per the above section. The method takes a URL string, as well as a few options which you should pass through unmodified if calling `super.fetch()`. It must return a promise for a Node.js `Buffer` object, or return `null` if the resource is intentionally not to be loaded. In general, most cases will want to delegate to `super.fetch()`, as shown.
186
187One of the options you will receive in `fetch()` will be the element (if applicable) that is fetching a resource.
188
189```js
190class CustomResourceLoader extends jsdom.ResourceLoader {
191 fetch(url, options) {
192 if (options.element) {
193 console.log(`Element ${options.element.localName} is requesting the url ${url}`);
194 }
195
196 return super.fetch(url, options);
197 }
198}
199```
200
201### Virtual consoles
202
203Like web browsers, jsdom has the concept of a "console". This records both information directly sent from the page, via scripts executing inside the document, as well as information from the jsdom implementation itself. We call the user-controllable console a "virtual console", to distinguish it from the Node.js `console` API and from the inside-the-page `window.console` API.
204
205By default, the `JSDOM` constructor will return an instance with a virtual console that forwards all its output to the Node.js console. To create your own virtual console and pass it to jsdom, you can override this default by doing
206
207```js
208const virtualConsole = new jsdom.VirtualConsole();
209const dom = new JSDOM(``, { virtualConsole });
210```
211
212Code like this will create a virtual console with no behavior. You can give it behavior by adding event listeners for all the possible console methods:
213
214```js
215virtualConsole.on("error", () => { ... });
216virtualConsole.on("warn", () => { ... });
217virtualConsole.on("info", () => { ... });
218virtualConsole.on("dir", () => { ... });
219// ... etc. See https://console.spec.whatwg.org/#logging
220```
221
222(Note that it is probably best to set up these event listeners *before* calling `new JSDOM()`, since errors or console-invoking script might occur during parsing.)
223
224If you simply want to redirect the virtual console output to another console, like the default Node.js one, you can do
225
226```js
227virtualConsole.sendTo(console);
228```
229
230There is also a special event, `"jsdomError"`, which will fire with error objects to report errors from jsdom itself. This is similar to how error messages often show up in web browser consoles, even if they are not initiated by `console.error`. So far, the following errors are output this way:
231
232- Errors loading or parsing subresources (scripts, stylesheets, frames, and iframes)
233- Script execution errors that are not handled by a window `onerror` event handler that returns `true` or calls `event.preventDefault()`
234- Not-implemented errors resulting from calls to methods, like `window.alert`, which jsdom does not implement, but installs anyway for web compatibility
235
236If you're using `sendTo(c)` to send errors to `c`, by default it will call `c.error(errorStack[, errorDetail])` with information from `"jsdomError"` events. If you'd prefer to maintain a strict one-to-one mapping of events to method calls, and perhaps handle `"jsdomError"`s yourself, then you can do
237
238```js
239virtualConsole.sendTo(c, { omitJSDOMErrors: true });
240```
241
242### Cookie jars
243
244Like web browsers, jsdom has the concept of a cookie jar, storing HTTP cookies. Cookies that have a URL on the same domain as the document, and are not marked HTTP-only, are accessible via the `document.cookie` API. Additionally, all cookies in the cookie jar will impact the fetching of subresources.
245
246By default, the `JSDOM` constructor will return an instance with an empty cookie jar. To create your own cookie jar and pass it to jsdom, you can override this default by doing
247
248```js
249const cookieJar = new jsdom.CookieJar(store, options);
250const dom = new JSDOM(``, { cookieJar });
251```
252
253This is mostly useful if you want to share the same cookie jar among multiple jsdoms, or prime the cookie jar with certain values ahead of time.
254
255Cookie jars are provided by the [tough-cookie](https://www.npmjs.com/package/tough-cookie) package. The `jsdom.CookieJar` constructor is a subclass of the tough-cookie cookie jar which by default sets the `looseMode: true` option, since that [matches better how browsers behave](https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/804). If you want to use tough-cookie's utilities and classes yourself, you can use the `jsdom.toughCookie` module export to get access to the tough-cookie module instance packaged with jsdom.
256
257### Intervening before parsing
258
259jsdom allows you to intervene in the creation of a jsdom very early: after the `Window` and `Document` objects are created, but before any HTML is parsed to populate the document with nodes:
260
261```js
262const dom = new JSDOM(`<p>Hello</p>`, {
263 beforeParse(window) {
264 window.document.childNodes.length === 0;
265 window.someCoolAPI = () => { /* ... */ };
266 }
267});
268```
269
270This is especially useful if you are wanting to modify the environment in some way, for example adding shims for web platform APIs jsdom does not support.
271
272## `JSDOM` object API
273
274Once you have constructed a `JSDOM` object, it will have the following useful capabilities:
275
276### Properties
277
278The property `window` retrieves the `Window` object that was created for you.
279
280The properties `virtualConsole` and `cookieJar` reflect the options you pass in, or the defaults created for you if nothing was passed in for those options.
281
282### Serializing the document with `serialize()`
283
284The `serialize()` method will return the [HTML serialization](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#html-fragment-serialisation-algorithm) of the document, including the doctype:
285
286```js
287const dom = new JSDOM(`<!DOCTYPE html>hello`);
288
289dom.serialize() === "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head><body>hello</body></html>";
290
291// Contrast with:
292dom.window.document.documentElement.outerHTML === "<html><head></head><body>hello</body></html>";
293```
294
295### Getting the source location of a node with `nodeLocation(node)`
296
297The `nodeLocation()` method will find where a DOM node is within the source document, returning the [parse5 location info](https://www.npmjs.com/package/parse5#options-locationinfo) for the node:
298
299```js
300const dom = new JSDOM(
301 `<p>Hello
302 <img src="foo.jpg">
303 </p>`,
304 { includeNodeLocations: true }
305);
306
307const document = dom.window.document;
308const bodyEl = document.body; // implicitly created
309const pEl = document.querySelector("p");
310const textNode = pEl.firstChild;
311const imgEl = document.querySelector("img");
312
313console.log(dom.nodeLocation(bodyEl)); // null; it's not in the source
314console.log(dom.nodeLocation(pEl)); // { startOffset: 0, endOffset: 39, startTag: ..., endTag: ... }
315console.log(dom.nodeLocation(textNode)); // { startOffset: 3, endOffset: 13 }
316console.log(dom.nodeLocation(imgEl)); // { startOffset: 13, endOffset: 32 }
317```
318
319Note that this feature only works if you have set the `includeNodeLocations` option; node locations are off by default for performance reasons.
320
321### Interfacing with the Node.js `vm` module using `getInternalVMContext()`
322
323The built-in [`vm`](https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html) module of Node.js is what underpins jsdom's script-running magic. Some advanced use cases, like pre-compiling a script and then running it multiple times, benefit from using the `vm` module directly with a jsdom-created `Window`.
324
325To get access to the [contextified global object](https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html#vm_what_does_it_mean_to_contextify_an_object), suitable for use with the `vm` APIs, you can use the `getInternalVMContext()` method:
326
327```js
328const { Script } = require("vm");
329
330const dom = new JSDOM(``, { runScripts: "outside-only" });
331const script = new Script(`
332 if (!this.ran) {
333 this.ran = 0;
334 }
335
336 ++this.ran;
337`);
338
339const vmContext = dom.getInternalVMContext();
340
341script.runInContext(vmContext);
342script.runInContext(vmContext);
343script.runInContext(vmContext);
344
345console.assert(dom.window.ran === 3);
346```
347
348This is somewhat-advanced functionality, and we advise sticking to normal DOM APIs (such as `window.eval()` or `document.createElement("script")`) unless you have very specific needs.
349
350Note that this method will throw an exception if the `JSDOM` instance was created without `runScripts` set, or if you are [using jsdom in a web browser](#running-jsdom-inside-a-web-browser).
351
352### Reconfiguring the jsdom with `reconfigure(settings)`
353
354The `top` property on `window` is marked `[Unforgeable]` in the spec, meaning it is a non-configurable own property and thus cannot be overridden or shadowed by normal code running inside the jsdom, even using `Object.defineProperty`.
355
356Similarly, at present jsdom does not handle navigation (such as setting `window.location.href = "https://example.com/"`); doing so will cause the virtual console to emit a `"jsdomError"` explaining that this feature is not implemented, and nothing will change: there will be no new `Window` or `Document` object, and the existing `window`'s `location` object will still have all the same property values.
357
358However, if you're acting from outside the window, e.g. in some test framework that creates jsdoms, you can override one or both of these using the special `reconfigure()` method:
359
360```js
361const dom = new JSDOM();
362
363dom.window.top === dom.window;
364dom.window.location.href === "about:blank";
365
366dom.reconfigure({ windowTop: myFakeTopForTesting, url: "https://example.com/" });
367
368dom.window.top === myFakeTopForTesting;
369dom.window.location.href === "https://example.com/";
370```
371
372Note that changing the jsdom's URL will impact all APIs that return the current document URL, such as `window.location`, `document.URL`, and `document.documentURI`, as well as the resolution of relative URLs within the document, and the same-origin checks and referrer used while fetching subresources. It will not, however, perform navigation to the contents of that URL; the contents of the DOM will remain unchanged, and no new instances of `Window`, `Document`, etc. will be created.
373
374## Convenience APIs
375
376### `fromURL()`
377
378In addition to the `JSDOM` constructor itself, jsdom provides a promise-returning factory method for constructing a jsdom from a URL:
379
380```js
381JSDOM.fromURL("https://example.com/", options).then(dom => {
382 console.log(dom.serialize());
383});
384```
385
386The returned promise will fulfill with a `JSDOM` instance if the URL is valid and the request is successful. Any redirects will be followed to their ultimate destination.
387
388The options provided to `fromURL()` are similar to those provided to the `JSDOM` constructor, with the following additional restrictions and consequences:
389
390- The `url` and `contentType` options cannot be provided.
391- The `referrer` option is used as the HTTP `Referer` request header of the initial request.
392- The `resources` option also affects the initial request; this is useful if you want to, for example, configure a proxy (see above).
393- The resulting jsdom's URL, content type, and referrer are determined from the response.
394- Any cookies set via HTTP `Set-Cookie` response headers are stored in the jsdom's cookie jar. Similarly, any cookies already in a supplied cookie jar are sent as HTTP `Cookie` request headers.
395
396### `fromFile()`
397
398Similar to `fromURL()`, jsdom also provides a `fromFile()` factory method for constructing a jsdom from a filename:
399
400```js
401JSDOM.fromFile("stuff.html", options).then(dom => {
402 console.log(dom.serialize());
403});
404```
405
406The returned promise will fulfill with a `JSDOM` instance if the given file can be opened. As usual in Node.js APIs, the filename is given relative to the current working directory.
407
408The options provided to `fromFile()` are similar to those provided to the `JSDOM` constructor, with the following additional defaults:
409
410- The `url` option will default to a file URL corresponding to the given filename, instead of to `"about:blank"`.
411- The `contentType` option will default to `"application/xhtml+xml"` if the given filename ends in `.xht`, `.xhtml`, or `.xml`; otherwise it will continue to default to `"text/html"`.
412
413### `fragment()`
414
415For the very simplest of cases, you might not need a whole `JSDOM` instance with all its associated power. You might not even need a `Window` or `Document`! Instead, you just need to parse some HTML, and get a DOM object you can manipulate. For that, we have `fragment()`, which creates a `DocumentFragment` from a given string:
416
417```js
418const frag = JSDOM.fragment(`<p>Hello</p><p><strong>Hi!</strong>`);
419
420frag.childNodes.length === 2;
421frag.querySelector("strong").textContent === "Hi!";
422// etc.
423```
424
425Here `frag` is a [`DocumentFragment`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment) instance, whose contents are created by parsing the provided string. The parsing is done using a `<template>` element, so you can include any element there (including ones with weird parsing rules like `<td>`). It's also important to note that the resulting `DocumentFragment` will not have [an associated browsing context](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-document-bc): that is, elements' `ownerDocument` will have a null `defaultView` property, resources will not load, etc.
426
427All invocations of the `fragment()` factory result in `DocumentFragment`s that share the same template owner `Document`. This allows many calls to `fragment()` with no extra overhead. But it also means that calls to `fragment()` cannot be customized with any options.
428
429Note that serialization is not as easy with `DocumentFragment`s as it is with full `JSDOM` objects. If you need to serialize your DOM, you should probably use the `JSDOM` constructor more directly. But for the special case of a fragment containing a single element, it's pretty easy to do through normal means:
430
431```js
432const frag = JSDOM.fragment(`<p>Hello</p>`);
433console.log(frag.firstChild.outerHTML); // logs "<p>Hello</p>"
434```
435
436## Other noteworthy features
437
438### Canvas support
439
440jsdom includes support for using the [`canvas`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/canvas) package to extend any `<canvas>` elements with the canvas API. To make this work, you need to include `canvas` as a dependency in your project, as a peer of `jsdom`. If jsdom can find the `canvas` package, it will use it, but if it's not present, then `<canvas>` elements will behave like `<div>`s. Since jsdom v13, version 2.x of `canvas` is required; version 1.x is no longer supported.
441
442### Encoding sniffing
443
444In addition to supplying a string, the `JSDOM` constructor can also be supplied binary data, in the form of a Node.js [`Buffer`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/buffer.html) or a standard JavaScript binary data type like `ArrayBuffer`, `Uint8Array`, `DataView`, etc. When this is done, jsdom will [sniff the encoding](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#encoding-sniffing-algorithm) from the supplied bytes, scanning for `<meta charset>` tags just like a browser does.
445
446If the supplied `contentType` option contains a `charset` parameter, that encoding will override the sniffed encoding—unless a UTF-8 or UTF-16 BOM is present, in which case those take precedence. (Again, this is just like a browser.)
447
448This encoding sniffing also applies to `JSDOM.fromFile()` and `JSDOM.fromURL()`. In the latter case, any `Content-Type` headers sent with the response will take priority, in the same fashion as the constructor's `contentType` option.
449
450Note that in many cases supplying bytes in this fashion can be better than supplying a string. For example, if you attempt to use Node.js's `buffer.toString("utf-8")` API, Node.js will not strip any leading BOMs. If you then give this string to jsdom, it will interpret it verbatim, leaving the BOM intact. But jsdom's binary data decoding code will strip leading BOMs, just like a browser; in such cases, supplying `buffer` directly will give the desired result.
451
452### Closing down a jsdom
453
454Timers in the jsdom (set by `window.setTimeout()` or `window.setInterval()`) will, by definition, execute code in the future in the context of the window. Since there is no way to execute code in the future without keeping the process alive, outstanding jsdom timers will keep your Node.js process alive. Similarly, since there is no way to execute code in the context of an object without keeping that object alive, outstanding jsdom timers will prevent garbage collection of the window on which they are scheduled.
455
456If you want to be sure to shut down a jsdom window, use `window.close()`, which will terminate all running timers (and also remove any event listeners on the window and document).
457
458### Debugging the DOM using Chrome DevTools
459
460In Node.js you can debug programs using Chrome DevTools. See the [official documentation](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/inspector/) for how to get started.
461
462By default jsdom elements are formatted as plain old JS objects in the console. To make it easier to debug, you can use [jsdom-devtools-formatter](https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom-devtools-formatter), which lets you inspect them like real DOM elements.
463
464## Caveats
465
466### Asynchronous script loading
467
468People often have trouble with asynchronous script loading when using jsdom. Many pages load scripts asynchronously, but there is no way to tell when they're done doing so, and thus when it's a good time to run your code and inspect the resulting DOM structure. This is a fundamental limitation; we cannot predict what scripts on the web page will do, and so cannot tell you when they are done loading more scripts.
469
470This can be worked around in a few ways. The best way, if you control the page in question, is to use whatever mechanisms are given by the script loader to detect when loading is done. For example, if you're using a module loader like RequireJS, the code could look like:
471
472```js
473// On the Node.js side:
474const window = (new JSDOM(...)).window;
475window.onModulesLoaded = () => {
476 console.log("ready to roll!");
477};
478```
479
480```html
481<!-- Inside the HTML you supply to jsdom -->
482<script>
483requirejs(["entry-module"], () => {
484 window.onModulesLoaded();
485});
486</script>
487```
488
489If you do not control the page, you could try workarounds such as polling for the presence of a specific element.
490
491For more details, see the discussion in [#640](https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom/issues/640), especially [@matthewkastor](https://github.com/matthewkastor)'s [insightful comment](https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom/issues/640#issuecomment-22216965).
492
493### Unimplemented parts of the web platform
494
495Although we enjoy adding new features to jsdom and keeping it up to date with the latest web specs, it has many missing APIs. Please feel free to file an issue for anything missing, but we're a small and busy team, so a pull request might work even better.
496
497Some features of jsdom are provided by our dependencies. Notable documentation in that regard includes the list of [supported CSS selectors](https://github.com/dperini/nwsapi/wiki/CSS-supported-selectors) for our CSS selector engine, [`nwsapi`](https://github.com/dperini/nwsapi).
498
499Beyond just features that we haven't gotten to yet, there are two major features that are currently outside the scope of jsdom. These are:
500
501- **Navigation**: the ability to change the global object, and all other objects, when clicking a link or assigning `location.href` or similar.
502- **Layout**: the ability to calculate where elements will be visually laid out as a result of CSS, which impacts methods like `getBoundingClientRects()` or properties like `offsetTop`.
503
504Currently jsdom has dummy behaviors for some aspects of these features, such as sending a "not implemented" `"jsdomError"` to the virtual console for navigation, or returning zeros for many layout-related properties. Often you can work around these limitations in your code, e.g. by creating new `JSDOM` instances for each page you "navigate" to during a crawl, or using `Object.defineProperty()` to change what various layout-related getters and methods return.
505
506Note that other tools in the same space, such as PhantomJS, do support these features. On the wiki, we have a more complete writeup about [jsdom vs. PhantomJS](https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom/wiki/jsdom-vs.-PhantomJS).
507
508## Supporting jsdom
509
510jsdom is a community-driven project maintained by a team of [volunteers](https://github.com/orgs/jsdom/people). You could support jsdom by:
511
512- [Getting professional support for jsdom](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-jsdom?utm_source=npm-jsdom&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme) as part of a Tidelift subscription. Tidelift helps making open source sustainable for us while giving teams assurances for maintenance, licensing, and security.
513- [Contributing](https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom/blob/main/Contributing.md) directly to the project.
514
515## Getting help
516
517If you need help with jsdom, please feel free to use any of the following venues:
518
519- The [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/group/jsdom) (best for "how do I" questions)
520- The [issue tracker](https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom/issues) (best for bug reports)
521- The Matrix room: [#jsdom:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#jsdom:matrix.org)