koa-router/lib/router.js

/**
 * RESTful resource routing middleware for koa.
 *
 * @author Alex Mingoia <talk@alexmingoia.com>
 * @link https://github.com/alexmingoia/koa-router
 */

const compose = require('koa-compose');
const HttpError = require('http-errors');
const methods = require('methods');
const { pathToRegexp } = require('path-to-regexp');
const Layer = require('./layer');
const debug = require('debug')('koa-router');

/**
 * @module koa-router
 */

module.exports = Router;

/**
 * Create a new router.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * Basic usage:
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const Koa = require('koa');
 * const Router = require('@koa/router');
 *
 * const app = new Koa();
 * const router = new Router();
 *
 * router.get('/', (ctx, next) => {
 *   // ctx.router available
 * });
 *
 * app
 *   .use(router.routes())
 *   .use(router.allowedMethods());
 * ```
 *
 * @alias module:koa-router
 * @param {Object=} opts
 * @param {Boolean=false} opts.exclusive only run last matched route's controller when there are multiple matches
 * @param {String=} opts.prefix prefix router paths
 * @param {String|RegExp=} opts.host host for router match
 * @constructor
 */

function Router(opts = {}) {
  if (!(this instanceof Router)) return new Router(opts);

  this.opts = opts;
  this.methods = this.opts.methods || [
    'HEAD',
    'OPTIONS',
    'GET',
    'PUT',
    'PATCH',
    'POST',
    'DELETE'
  ];
  this.exclusive = Boolean(this.opts.exclusive);

  this.params = {};
  this.stack = [];
  this.host = this.opts.host;
}

/**
 * Create `router.verb()` methods, where *verb* is one of the HTTP verbs such
 * as `router.get()` or `router.post()`.
 *
 * Match URL patterns to callback functions or controller actions using `router.verb()`,
 * where **verb** is one of the HTTP verbs such as `router.get()` or `router.post()`.
 *
 * Additionally, `router.all()` can be used to match against all methods.
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router
 *   .get('/', (ctx, next) => {
 *     ctx.body = 'Hello World!';
 *   })
 *   .post('/users', (ctx, next) => {
 *     // ...
 *   })
 *   .put('/users/:id', (ctx, next) => {
 *     // ...
 *   })
 *   .del('/users/:id', (ctx, next) => {
 *     // ...
 *   })
 *   .all('/users/:id', (ctx, next) => {
 *     // ...
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * When a route is matched, its path is available at `ctx._matchedRoute` and if named,
 * the name is available at `ctx._matchedRouteName`
 *
 * Route paths will be translated to regular expressions using
 * [path-to-regexp](https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp).
 *
 * Query strings will not be considered when matching requests.
 *
 * #### Named routes
 *
 * Routes can optionally have names. This allows generation of URLs and easy
 * renaming of URLs during development.
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.get('user', '/users/:id', (ctx, next) => {
 *  // ...
 * });
 *
 * router.url('user', 3);
 * // => "/users/3"
 * ```
 *
 * #### Multiple middleware
 *
 * Multiple middleware may be given:
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.get(
 *   '/users/:id',
 *   (ctx, next) => {
 *     return User.findOne(ctx.params.id).then(function(user) {
 *       ctx.user = user;
 *       next();
 *     });
 *   },
 *   ctx => {
 *     console.log(ctx.user);
 *     // => { id: 17, name: "Alex" }
 *   }
 * );
 * ```
 *
 * ### Nested routers
 *
 * Nesting routers is supported:
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const forums = new Router();
 * const posts = new Router();
 *
 * posts.get('/', (ctx, next) => {...});
 * posts.get('/:pid', (ctx, next) => {...});
 * forums.use('/forums/:fid/posts', posts.routes(), posts.allowedMethods());
 *
 * // responds to "/forums/123/posts" and "/forums/123/posts/123"
 * app.use(forums.routes());
 * ```
 *
 * #### Router prefixes
 *
 * Route paths can be prefixed at the router level:
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const router = new Router({
 *   prefix: '/users'
 * });
 *
 * router.get('/', ...); // responds to "/users"
 * router.get('/:id', ...); // responds to "/users/:id"
 * ```
 *
 * #### URL parameters
 *
 * Named route parameters are captured and added to `ctx.params`.
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.get('/:category/:title', (ctx, next) => {
 *   console.log(ctx.params);
 *   // => { category: 'programming', title: 'how-to-node' }
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * The [path-to-regexp](https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp) module is
 * used to convert paths to regular expressions.
 *
 *
 * ### Match host for each router instance
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const router = new Router({
 *    host: 'example.domain' // only match if request host exactly equal `example.domain`
 * });
 *
 * ```
 *
 * OR host cloud be a regexp
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const router = new Router({
 *     host: /.*\.?example\.domain$/ // all host end with .example.domain would be matched
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * @name get|put|post|patch|delete|del
 * @memberof module:koa-router.prototype
 * @param {String} path
 * @param {Function=} middleware route middleware(s)
 * @param {Function} callback route callback
 * @returns {Router}
 */

for (const method_ of methods) {
  function setMethodVerb(method) {
    Router.prototype[method] = function (name, path, middleware) {
      if (typeof path === 'string' || path instanceof RegExp) {
        middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
      } else {
        middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
        path = name;
        name = null;
      }

      // Sanity check to ensure we have a viable path candidate (eg: string|regex|non-empty array)
      if (
        typeof path !== 'string' &&
        !(path instanceof RegExp) &&
        (!Array.isArray(path) || path.length === 0)
      )
        throw new Error(
          `You have to provide a path when adding a ${method} handler`
        );

      this.register(path, [method], middleware, { name });

      return this;
    };
  }

  setMethodVerb(method_);
}

// Alias for `router.delete()` because delete is a reserved word
// eslint-disable-next-line dot-notation
Router.prototype.del = Router.prototype['delete'];

/**
 * Use given middleware.
 *
 * Middleware run in the order they are defined by `.use()`. They are invoked
 * sequentially, requests start at the first middleware and work their way
 * "down" the middleware stack.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * ```javascript
 * // session middleware will run before authorize
 * router
 *   .use(session())
 *   .use(authorize());
 *
 * // use middleware only with given path
 * router.use('/users', userAuth());
 *
 * // or with an array of paths
 * router.use(['/users', '/admin'], userAuth());
 *
 * app.use(router.routes());
 * ```
 *
 * @param {String=} path
 * @param {Function} middleware
 * @param {Function=} ...
 * @returns {Router}
 */

Router.prototype.use = function () {
  const router = this;
  const middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  let path;

  // support array of paths
  if (Array.isArray(middleware[0]) && typeof middleware[0][0] === 'string') {
    const arrPaths = middleware[0];
    for (const p of arrPaths) {
      router.use.apply(router, [p].concat(middleware.slice(1)));
    }

    return this;
  }

  const hasPath = typeof middleware[0] === 'string';
  if (hasPath) path = middleware.shift();

  for (const m of middleware) {
    if (m.router) {
      const cloneRouter = Object.assign(
        Object.create(Router.prototype),
        m.router,
        {
          stack: [...m.router.stack]
        }
      );

      for (let j = 0; j < cloneRouter.stack.length; j++) {
        const nestedLayer = cloneRouter.stack[j];
        const cloneLayer = Object.assign(
          Object.create(Layer.prototype),
          nestedLayer
        );

        if (path) cloneLayer.setPrefix(path);
        if (router.opts.prefix) cloneLayer.setPrefix(router.opts.prefix);
        router.stack.push(cloneLayer);
        cloneRouter.stack[j] = cloneLayer;
      }

      if (router.params) {
        function setRouterParams(paramArr) {
          const routerParams = paramArr;
          for (const key of routerParams) {
            cloneRouter.param(key, router.params[key]);
          }
        }

        setRouterParams(Object.keys(router.params));
      }
    } else {
      const keys = [];
      pathToRegexp(router.opts.prefix || '', keys);
      const routerPrefixHasParam = router.opts.prefix && keys.length;
      router.register(path || '([^/]*)', [], m, {
        end: false,
        ignoreCaptures: !hasPath && !routerPrefixHasParam
      });
    }
  }

  return this;
};

/**
 * Set the path prefix for a Router instance that was already initialized.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.prefix('/things/:thing_id')
 * ```
 *
 * @param {String} prefix
 * @returns {Router}
 */

Router.prototype.prefix = function (prefix) {
  prefix = prefix.replace(/\/$/, '');

  this.opts.prefix = prefix;

  for (let i = 0; i < this.stack.length; i++) {
    const route = this.stack[i];
    route.setPrefix(prefix);
  }

  return this;
};

/**
 * Returns router middleware which dispatches a route matching the request.
 *
 * @returns {Function}
 */

Router.prototype.routes = Router.prototype.middleware = function () {
  const router = this;

  const dispatch = function dispatch(ctx, next) {
    debug('%s %s', ctx.method, ctx.path);

    const hostMatched = router.matchHost(ctx.host);

    if (!hostMatched) {
      return next();
    }

    const path =
      router.opts.routerPath || ctx.newRouterPath || ctx.path || ctx.routerPath;
    const matched = router.match(path, ctx.method);
    let layerChain;

    if (ctx.matched) {
      ctx.matched.push.apply(ctx.matched, matched.path);
    } else {
      ctx.matched = matched.path;
    }

    ctx.router = router;

    if (!matched.route) return next();

    const matchedLayers = matched.pathAndMethod;
    const mostSpecificLayer = matchedLayers[matchedLayers.length - 1];
    ctx._matchedRoute = mostSpecificLayer.path;
    if (mostSpecificLayer.name) {
      ctx._matchedRouteName = mostSpecificLayer.name;
    }

    layerChain = (
      router.exclusive ? [mostSpecificLayer] : matchedLayers
    ).reduce(function (memo, layer) {
      memo.push(function (ctx, next) {
        ctx.captures = layer.captures(path, ctx.captures);
        ctx.params = ctx.request.params = layer.params(
          path,
          ctx.captures,
          ctx.params
        );
        ctx.routerPath = layer.path;
        ctx.routerName = layer.name;
        ctx._matchedRoute = layer.path;
        if (layer.name) {
          ctx._matchedRouteName = layer.name;
        }

        return next();
      });
      return memo.concat(layer.stack);
    }, []);

    return compose(layerChain)(ctx, next);
  };

  dispatch.router = this;

  return dispatch;
};

/**
 * Returns separate middleware for responding to `OPTIONS` requests with
 * an `Allow` header containing the allowed methods, as well as responding
 * with `405 Method Not Allowed` and `501 Not Implemented` as appropriate.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const Koa = require('koa');
 * const Router = require('@koa/router');
 *
 * const app = new Koa();
 * const router = new Router();
 *
 * app.use(router.routes());
 * app.use(router.allowedMethods());
 * ```
 *
 * **Example with [Boom](https://github.com/hapijs/boom)**
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const Koa = require('koa');
 * const Router = require('@koa/router');
 * const Boom = require('boom');
 *
 * const app = new Koa();
 * const router = new Router();
 *
 * app.use(router.routes());
 * app.use(router.allowedMethods({
 *   throw: true,
 *   notImplemented: () => new Boom.notImplemented(),
 *   methodNotAllowed: () => new Boom.methodNotAllowed()
 * }));
 * ```
 *
 * @param {Object=} options
 * @param {Boolean=} options.throw throw error instead of setting status and header
 * @param {Function=} options.notImplemented throw the returned value in place of the default NotImplemented error
 * @param {Function=} options.methodNotAllowed throw the returned value in place of the default MethodNotAllowed error
 * @returns {Function}
 */

Router.prototype.allowedMethods = function (options = {}) {
  const implemented = this.methods;

  return function allowedMethods(ctx, next) {
    return next().then(function () {
      const allowed = {};

      if (!ctx.status || ctx.status === 404) {
        for (let i = 0; i < ctx.matched.length; i++) {
          const route = ctx.matched[i];
          for (let j = 0; j < route.methods.length; j++) {
            const method = route.methods[j];
            allowed[method] = method;
          }
        }

        const allowedArr = Object.keys(allowed);

        if (!~implemented.indexOf(ctx.method)) {
          if (options.throw) {
            const notImplementedThrowable =
              typeof options.notImplemented === 'function'
                ? options.notImplemented() // set whatever the user returns from their function
                : new HttpError.NotImplemented();

            throw notImplementedThrowable;
          } else {
            ctx.status = 501;
            ctx.set('Allow', allowedArr.join(', '));
          }
        } else if (allowedArr.length > 0) {
          if (ctx.method === 'OPTIONS') {
            ctx.status = 200;
            ctx.body = '';
            ctx.set('Allow', allowedArr.join(', '));
          } else if (!allowed[ctx.method]) {
            if (options.throw) {
              const notAllowedThrowable =
                typeof options.methodNotAllowed === 'function'
                  ? options.methodNotAllowed() // set whatever the user returns from their function
                  : new HttpError.MethodNotAllowed();

              throw notAllowedThrowable;
            } else {
              ctx.status = 405;
              ctx.set('Allow', allowedArr.join(', '));
            }
          }
        }
      }
    });
  };
};

/**
 * Register route with all methods.
 *
 * @param {String} name Optional.
 * @param {String} path
 * @param {Function=} middleware You may also pass multiple middleware.
 * @param {Function} callback
 * @returns {Router}
 */

Router.prototype.all = function (name, path, middleware) {
  if (typeof path === 'string') {
    middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
  } else {
    middleware = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
    path = name;
    name = null;
  }

  // Sanity check to ensure we have a viable path candidate (eg: string|regex|non-empty array)
  if (
    typeof path !== 'string' &&
    !(path instanceof RegExp) &&
    (!Array.isArray(path) || path.length === 0)
  )
    throw new Error('You have to provide a path when adding an all handler');

  this.register(path, methods, middleware, { name });

  return this;
};

/**
 * Redirect `source` to `destination` URL with optional 30x status `code`.
 *
 * Both `source` and `destination` can be route names.
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.redirect('/login', 'sign-in');
 * ```
 *
 * This is equivalent to:
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.all('/login', ctx => {
 *   ctx.redirect('/sign-in');
 *   ctx.status = 301;
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * @param {String} source URL or route name.
 * @param {String} destination URL or route name.
 * @param {Number=} code HTTP status code (default: 301).
 * @returns {Router}
 */

Router.prototype.redirect = function (source, destination, code) {
  // lookup source route by name
  if (typeof source === 'symbol' || source[0] !== '/') {
    source = this.url(source);
    if (source instanceof Error) throw source;
  }

  // lookup destination route by name
  if (
    typeof destination === 'symbol' ||
    (destination[0] !== '/' && !destination.includes('://'))
  ) {
    destination = this.url(destination);
    if (destination instanceof Error) throw destination;
  }

  return this.all(source, (ctx) => {
    ctx.redirect(destination);
    ctx.status = code || 301;
  });
};

/**
 * Create and register a route.
 *
 * @param {String} path Path string.
 * @param {Array.<String>} methods Array of HTTP verbs.
 * @param {Function} middleware Multiple middleware also accepted.
 * @returns {Layer}
 * @private
 */

Router.prototype.register = function (path, methods, middleware, opts = {}) {
  const router = this;
  const { stack } = this;

  // support array of paths
  if (Array.isArray(path)) {
    for (const curPath of path) {
      router.register.call(router, curPath, methods, middleware, opts);
    }

    return this;
  }

  // create route
  const route = new Layer(path, methods, middleware, {
    end: opts.end === false ? opts.end : true,
    name: opts.name,
    sensitive: opts.sensitive || this.opts.sensitive || false,
    strict: opts.strict || this.opts.strict || false,
    prefix: opts.prefix || this.opts.prefix || '',
    ignoreCaptures: opts.ignoreCaptures
  });

  if (this.opts.prefix) {
    route.setPrefix(this.opts.prefix);
  }

  // add parameter middleware
  for (let i = 0; i < Object.keys(this.params).length; i++) {
    const param = Object.keys(this.params)[i];
    route.param(param, this.params[param]);
  }

  stack.push(route);

  debug('defined route %s %s', route.methods, route.path);

  return route;
};

/**
 * Lookup route with given `name`.
 *
 * @param {String} name
 * @returns {Layer|false}
 */

Router.prototype.route = function (name) {
  const routes = this.stack;

  for (let len = routes.length, i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    if (routes[i].name && routes[i].name === name) return routes[i];
  }

  return false;
};

/**
 * Generate URL for route. Takes a route name and map of named `params`.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router.get('user', '/users/:id', (ctx, next) => {
 *   // ...
 * });
 *
 * router.url('user', 3);
 * // => "/users/3"
 *
 * router.url('user', { id: 3 });
 * // => "/users/3"
 *
 * router.use((ctx, next) => {
 *   // redirect to named route
 *   ctx.redirect(ctx.router.url('sign-in'));
 * })
 *
 * router.url('user', { id: 3 }, { query: { limit: 1 } });
 * // => "/users/3?limit=1"
 *
 * router.url('user', { id: 3 }, { query: "limit=1" });
 * // => "/users/3?limit=1"
 * ```
 *
 * @param {String} name route name
 * @param {Object} params url parameters
 * @param {Object} [options] options parameter
 * @param {Object|String} [options.query] query options
 * @returns {String|Error}
 */

Router.prototype.url = function (name, params) {
  const route = this.route(name);

  if (route) {
    const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
    return route.url.apply(route, args);
  }

  return new Error(`No route found for name: ${String(name)}`);
};

/**
 * Match given `path` and return corresponding routes.
 *
 * @param {String} path
 * @param {String} method
 * @returns {Object.<path, pathAndMethod>} returns layers that matched path and
 * path and method.
 * @private
 */

Router.prototype.match = function (path, method) {
  const layers = this.stack;
  let layer;
  const matched = {
    path: [],
    pathAndMethod: [],
    route: false
  };

  for (let len = layers.length, i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    layer = layers[i];

    debug('test %s %s', layer.path, layer.regexp);

    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/prefer-regexp-test
    if (layer.match(path)) {
      matched.path.push(layer);

      if (layer.methods.length === 0 || ~layer.methods.indexOf(method)) {
        matched.pathAndMethod.push(layer);
        if (layer.methods.length > 0) matched.route = true;
      }
    }
  }

  return matched;
};

/**
 * Match given `input` to allowed host
 * @param {String} input
 * @returns {boolean}
 */

Router.prototype.matchHost = function (input) {
  const { host } = this;

  if (!host) {
    return true;
  }

  if (!input) {
    return false;
  }

  if (typeof host === 'string') {
    return input === host;
  }

  if (typeof host === 'object' && host instanceof RegExp) {
    return host.test(input);
  }
};

/**
 * Run middleware for named route parameters. Useful for auto-loading or
 * validation.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * ```javascript
 * router
 *   .param('user', (id, ctx, next) => {
 *     ctx.user = users[id];
 *     if (!ctx.user) return ctx.status = 404;
 *     return next();
 *   })
 *   .get('/users/:user', ctx => {
 *     ctx.body = ctx.user;
 *   })
 *   .get('/users/:user/friends', ctx => {
 *     return ctx.user.getFriends().then(function(friends) {
 *       ctx.body = friends;
 *     });
 *   })
 *   // /users/3 => {"id": 3, "name": "Alex"}
 *   // /users/3/friends => [{"id": 4, "name": "TJ"}]
 * ```
 *
 * @param {String} param
 * @param {Function} middleware
 * @returns {Router}
 */

Router.prototype.param = function (param, middleware) {
  this.params[param] = middleware;
  for (let i = 0; i < this.stack.length; i++) {
    const route = this.stack[i];
    route.param(param, middleware);
  }

  return this;
};

/**
 * Generate URL from url pattern and given `params`.
 *
 * @example
 *
 * ```javascript
 * const url = Router.url('/users/:id', {id: 1});
 * // => "/users/1"
 * ```
 *
 * @param {String} path url pattern
 * @param {Object} params url parameters
 * @returns {String}
 */
Router.url = function (path) {
  const args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
  return Layer.prototype.url.apply({ path }, args);
};