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1partprobe
2===
3
4不重启的情况下重读分区
5
6## 补充说明
7
8**partprobe命令** 用于重读分区表，当出现删除文件后，出现仍然占用空间。可以partprobe在不重启的情况下重读分区。
9
10### 语法
11
12```shell
13partprobe(选项)(参数)
14```
15
16### 选项
17
18```shell
19-d：不更新内核；
20-s：显示摘要和分区；
21-h：显示帮助信息；
22-v：显示版本信息。
23```
24
25### 参数
26
27设备：指定需要确认分区表改变的硬盘对应的设备文件。
28
29### 实例
30
31使用partprobe不重启系统添加新的磁盘分区，主机自带硬盘超过300GB，目前只划分使用了3个主分区，不到70GB，如下：
32
33```shell
34[root@localhost ~]# df -h
35Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
36/dev/sda1 29G 3.7G 24G 14% /
37/dev/sda2 29G 22G 5.2G 81% /oracle
38tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
39```
40
41```shell
42[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions
43major minor #blocks name
44
45 8 0 311427072 sda
46 8 1 30716248 sda1
47 8 2 30716280 sda2
48 8 3 8193150 sda3
49 8 16 976896 sdb
50 8 32 976896 sdc
51
52…省略其他
53```
54
55现在需要给系统添加1个100GB的空间存放数据文件，而又不影响现有系统上业务的运行，使用fdisk结合partprobe命令不重启系统添加一块新的磁盘分区。操作步骤如下：
56
57 **第1步 添加新的磁盘分区** ：
58
59```shell
60[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
61The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 38770.
62There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
63and could in certain setups cause problems with:
641) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of lilo)
652) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
66 (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
67
68command (m for help): p
69
70Disk /dev/sda: 318.9 GB, 318901321728 bytes
71255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38770 cylinders
72Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
73
74 Device Boot Start End Blocks id System
75/dev/sda1 * 1 3824 30716248+ 83 Linux
76/dev/sda2 3825 7648 30716280 83 Linux
77/dev/sda3 7649 8668 8193150 82 Linux swap / Solaris
78
79Command (m for help): n
80Command action
81 e extended
82 p primary partition (1-4)
83p
84Selected partition 4
85First cylinder (8669-38770, default 8669):
86Using default value 8669
87last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8669-38770, default 38770): +100G
88Command (m for help): w
89The partition table has been altered!
90
91Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
92
93WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16:
94
95Device or resource busy.
96The kernel still uses the old table.
97The new table will be used at the next reboot.
98Syncing disks.
99```
100
101 **第2步 使用工具partprobe让kernel读取分区信息：**
102
103```shell
104[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
105```
106
107使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，如果需要mkfs磁盘分区则需要重启系统，而使用partprobe则可以使kernel重新读取分区信息，从而避免重启系统。
108
109 **第3步 格式化文件系统：**
110
111```shell
112[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4
113mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
114Filesystem label=
115OS type: Linux
116Block size=4096 (log=2)
117Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
11812222464 inodes, 24416791 blocks
1191220839 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
120First data block=0
121Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
122746 block groups
12332768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
12416384 inodes per group
125Superblock backups stored on blocks:
126 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632,
127　　　　2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
128
129Writing inode tables: done
130Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
131Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
132
133done
134
135This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
136180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
137[root@localhost ~]#
138```
139
140 **第4步 mount新的分区`/dev/sda4`：**
141
142```shell
143[root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sda4 /data
144[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
145[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /data
146[root@localhost ~]# df
147Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
148/dev/sda1 29753556 3810844 24406900 14% /
149/dev/sda2 29753588 11304616 16913160 41% /oracle
150tmpfs 2023936 0 2023936 0% /dev/shm
151/dev/sda4 96132968 192312 91057300 1% /data
152```
153
154使用partprobe可以不用重启系统即可配合fdisk工具创建新的分区。
155
156