mathjs/lib/esm/utils/number.js

import { isNumber } from './is.js';
/**
 * @typedef {{sign: '+' | '-' | '', coefficients: number[], exponent: number}} SplitValue
 */

/**
 * Check if a number is integer
 * @param {number | boolean} value
 * @return {boolean} isInteger
 */

export function isInteger(value) {
  if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
    return true;
  }

  return isFinite(value) ? value === Math.round(value) : false;
}
/**
 * Calculate the sign of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var sign = /* #__PURE__ */Math.sign || function (x) {
  if (x > 0) {
    return 1;
  } else if (x < 0) {
    return -1;
  } else {
    return 0;
  }
};
/**
 * Calculate the base-2 logarithm of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var log2 = /* #__PURE__ */Math.log2 || function log2(x) {
  return Math.log(x) / Math.LN2;
};
/**
 * Calculate the base-10 logarithm of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var log10 = /* #__PURE__ */Math.log10 || function log10(x) {
  return Math.log(x) / Math.LN10;
};
/**
 * Calculate the natural logarithm of a number + 1
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var log1p = /* #__PURE__ */Math.log1p || function (x) {
  return Math.log(x + 1);
};
/**
 * Calculate cubic root for a number
 *
 * Code from es6-shim.js:
 *   https://github.com/paulmillr/es6-shim/blob/master/es6-shim.js#L1564-L1577
 *
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number} Returns the cubic root of x
 */

export var cbrt = /* #__PURE__ */Math.cbrt || function cbrt(x) {
  if (x === 0) {
    return x;
  }

  var negate = x < 0;
  var result;

  if (negate) {
    x = -x;
  }

  if (isFinite(x)) {
    result = Math.exp(Math.log(x) / 3); // from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_root#Numerical_methods

    result = (x / (result * result) + 2 * result) / 3;
  } else {
    result = x;
  }

  return negate ? -result : result;
};
/**
 * Calculates exponentiation minus 1
 * @param {number} x
 * @return {number} res
 */

export var expm1 = /* #__PURE__ */Math.expm1 || function expm1(x) {
  return x >= 2e-4 || x <= -2e-4 ? Math.exp(x) - 1 : x + x * x / 2 + x * x * x / 6;
};
/**
 * Formats a number in a given base
 * @param {number} n
 * @param {number} base
 * @param {number} size
 * @returns {string}
 */

function formatNumberToBase(n, base, size) {
  var prefixes = {
    2: '0b',
    8: '0o',
    16: '0x'
  };
  var prefix = prefixes[base];
  var suffix = '';

  if (size) {
    if (size < 1) {
      throw new Error('size must be in greater than 0');
    }

    if (!isInteger(size)) {
      throw new Error('size must be an integer');
    }

    if (n > 2 ** (size - 1) - 1 || n < -(2 ** (size - 1))) {
      throw new Error("Value must be in range [-2^".concat(size - 1, ", 2^").concat(size - 1, "-1]"));
    }

    if (!isInteger(n)) {
      throw new Error('Value must be an integer');
    }

    if (n < 0) {
      n = n + 2 ** size;
    }

    suffix = "i".concat(size);
  }

  var sign = '';

  if (n < 0) {
    n = -n;
    sign = '-';
  }

  return "".concat(sign).concat(prefix).concat(n.toString(base)).concat(suffix);
}
/**
 * Convert a number to a formatted string representation.
 *
 * Syntax:
 *
 *    format(value)
 *    format(value, options)
 *    format(value, precision)
 *    format(value, fn)
 *
 * Where:
 *
 *    {number} value   The value to be formatted
 *    {Object} options An object with formatting options. Available options:
 *                     {string} notation
 *                         Number notation. Choose from:
 *                         'fixed'          Always use regular number notation.
 *                                          For example '123.40' and '14000000'
 *                         'exponential'    Always use exponential notation.
 *                                          For example '1.234e+2' and '1.4e+7'
 *                         'engineering'    Always use engineering notation.
 *                                          For example '123.4e+0' and '14.0e+6'
 *                         'auto' (default) Regular number notation for numbers
 *                                          having an absolute value between
 *                                          `lowerExp` and `upperExp` bounds, and
 *                                          uses exponential notation elsewhere.
 *                                          Lower bound is included, upper bound
 *                                          is excluded.
 *                                          For example '123.4' and '1.4e7'.
 *                         'bin', 'oct, or
 *                         'hex'            Format the number using binary, octal,
 *                                          or hexadecimal notation.
 *                                          For example '0b1101' and '0x10fe'.
 *                     {number} wordSize    The word size in bits to use for formatting
 *                                          in binary, octal, or hexadecimal notation.
 *                                          To be used only with 'bin', 'oct', or 'hex'
 *                                          values for 'notation' option. When this option
 *                                          is defined the value is formatted as a signed
 *                                          twos complement integer of the given word size
 *                                          and the size suffix is appended to the output.
 *                                          For example
 *                                          format(-1, {notation: 'hex', wordSize: 8}) === '0xffi8'.
 *                                          Default value is undefined.
 *                     {number} precision   A number between 0 and 16 to round
 *                                          the digits of the number.
 *                                          In case of notations 'exponential',
 *                                          'engineering', and 'auto',
 *                                          `precision` defines the total
 *                                          number of significant digits returned.
 *                                          In case of notation 'fixed',
 *                                          `precision` defines the number of
 *                                          significant digits after the decimal
 *                                          point.
 *                                          `precision` is undefined by default,
 *                                          not rounding any digits.
 *                     {number} lowerExp    Exponent determining the lower boundary
 *                                          for formatting a value with an exponent
 *                                          when `notation='auto`.
 *                                          Default value is `-3`.
 *                     {number} upperExp    Exponent determining the upper boundary
 *                                          for formatting a value with an exponent
 *                                          when `notation='auto`.
 *                                          Default value is `5`.
 *    {Function} fn    A custom formatting function. Can be used to override the
 *                     built-in notations. Function `fn` is called with `value` as
 *                     parameter and must return a string. Is useful for example to
 *                     format all values inside a matrix in a particular way.
 *
 * Examples:
 *
 *    format(6.4)                                        // '6.4'
 *    format(1240000)                                    // '1.24e6'
 *    format(1/3)                                        // '0.3333333333333333'
 *    format(1/3, 3)                                     // '0.333'
 *    format(21385, 2)                                   // '21000'
 *    format(12.071, {notation: 'fixed'})                // '12'
 *    format(2.3,    {notation: 'fixed', precision: 2})  // '2.30'
 *    format(52.8,   {notation: 'exponential'})          // '5.28e+1'
 *    format(12345678, {notation: 'engineering'})        // '12.345678e+6'
 *
 * @param {number} value
 * @param {Object | Function | number} [options]
 * @return {string} str The formatted value
 */


export function format(value, options) {
  if (typeof options === 'function') {
    // handle format(value, fn)
    return options(value);
  } // handle special cases


  if (value === Infinity) {
    return 'Infinity';
  } else if (value === -Infinity) {
    return '-Infinity';
  } else if (isNaN(value)) {
    return 'NaN';
  } // default values for options


  var notation = 'auto';
  var precision;
  var wordSize;

  if (options) {
    // determine notation from options
    if (options.notation) {
      notation = options.notation;
    } // determine precision from options


    if (isNumber(options)) {
      precision = options;
    } else if (isNumber(options.precision)) {
      precision = options.precision;
    }

    if (options.wordSize) {
      wordSize = options.wordSize;

      if (typeof wordSize !== 'number') {
        throw new Error('Option "wordSize" must be a number');
      }
    }
  } // handle the various notations


  switch (notation) {
    case 'fixed':
      return toFixed(value, precision);

    case 'exponential':
      return toExponential(value, precision);

    case 'engineering':
      return toEngineering(value, precision);

    case 'bin':
      return formatNumberToBase(value, 2, wordSize);

    case 'oct':
      return formatNumberToBase(value, 8, wordSize);

    case 'hex':
      return formatNumberToBase(value, 16, wordSize);

    case 'auto':
      // remove trailing zeros after the decimal point
      return toPrecision(value, precision, options && options).replace(/((\.\d*?)(0+))($|e)/, function () {
        var digits = arguments[2];
        var e = arguments[4];
        return digits !== '.' ? digits + e : e;
      });

    default:
      throw new Error('Unknown notation "' + notation + '". ' + 'Choose "auto", "exponential", "fixed", "bin", "oct", or "hex.');
  }
}
/**
 * Split a number into sign, coefficients, and exponent
 * @param {number | string} value
 * @return {SplitValue}
 *              Returns an object containing sign, coefficients, and exponent
 */

export function splitNumber(value) {
  // parse the input value
  var match = String(value).toLowerCase().match(/^0*?(-?)(\d+\.?\d*)(e([+-]?\d+))?$/);

  if (!match) {
    throw new SyntaxError('Invalid number ' + value);
  }

  var sign = match[1];
  var digits = match[2];
  var exponent = parseFloat(match[4] || '0');
  var dot = digits.indexOf('.');
  exponent += dot !== -1 ? dot - 1 : digits.length - 1;
  var coefficients = digits.replace('.', '') // remove the dot (must be removed before removing leading zeros)
  .replace(/^0*/, function (zeros) {
    // remove leading zeros, add their count to the exponent
    exponent -= zeros.length;
    return '';
  }).replace(/0*$/, '') // remove trailing zeros
  .split('').map(function (d) {
    return parseInt(d);
  });

  if (coefficients.length === 0) {
    coefficients.push(0);
    exponent++;
  }

  return {
    sign: sign,
    coefficients: coefficients,
    exponent: exponent
  };
}
/**
 * Format a number in engineering notation. Like '1.23e+6', '2.3e+0', '3.500e-3'
 * @param {number | string} value
 * @param {number} [precision]        Optional number of significant figures to return.
 */

export function toEngineering(value, precision) {
  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
    return String(value);
  }

  var split = splitNumber(value);
  var rounded = roundDigits(split, precision);
  var e = rounded.exponent;
  var c = rounded.coefficients; // find nearest lower multiple of 3 for exponent

  var newExp = e % 3 === 0 ? e : e < 0 ? e - 3 - e % 3 : e - e % 3;

  if (isNumber(precision)) {
    // add zeroes to give correct sig figs
    while (precision > c.length || e - newExp + 1 > c.length) {
      c.push(0);
    }
  } else {
    // concatenate coefficients with necessary zeros
    // add zeros if necessary (for example: 1e+8 -> 100e+6)
    var missingZeros = Math.abs(e - newExp) - (c.length - 1);

    for (var i = 0; i < missingZeros; i++) {
      c.push(0);
    }
  } // find difference in exponents


  var expDiff = Math.abs(e - newExp);
  var decimalIdx = 1; // push decimal index over by expDiff times

  while (expDiff > 0) {
    decimalIdx++;
    expDiff--;
  } // if all coefficient values are zero after the decimal point and precision is unset, don't add a decimal value.
  // otherwise concat with the rest of the coefficients


  var decimals = c.slice(decimalIdx).join('');
  var decimalVal = isNumber(precision) && decimals.length || decimals.match(/[1-9]/) ? '.' + decimals : '';
  var str = c.slice(0, decimalIdx).join('') + decimalVal + 'e' + (e >= 0 ? '+' : '') + newExp.toString();
  return rounded.sign + str;
}
/**
 * Format a number with fixed notation.
 * @param {number | string} value
 * @param {number} [precision=undefined]  Optional number of decimals after the
 *                                        decimal point. null by default.
 */

export function toFixed(value, precision) {
  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
    return String(value);
  }

  var splitValue = splitNumber(value);
  var rounded = typeof precision === 'number' ? roundDigits(splitValue, splitValue.exponent + 1 + precision) : splitValue;
  var c = rounded.coefficients;
  var p = rounded.exponent + 1; // exponent may have changed
  // append zeros if needed

  var pp = p + (precision || 0);

  if (c.length < pp) {
    c = c.concat(zeros(pp - c.length));
  } // prepend zeros if needed


  if (p < 0) {
    c = zeros(-p + 1).concat(c);
    p = 1;
  } // insert a dot if needed


  if (p < c.length) {
    c.splice(p, 0, p === 0 ? '0.' : '.');
  }

  return rounded.sign + c.join('');
}
/**
 * Format a number in exponential notation. Like '1.23e+5', '2.3e+0', '3.500e-3'
 * @param {number | string} value
 * @param {number} [precision]  Number of digits in formatted output.
 *                              If not provided, the maximum available digits
 *                              is used.
 */

export function toExponential(value, precision) {
  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
    return String(value);
  } // round if needed, else create a clone


  var split = splitNumber(value);
  var rounded = precision ? roundDigits(split, precision) : split;
  var c = rounded.coefficients;
  var e = rounded.exponent; // append zeros if needed

  if (c.length < precision) {
    c = c.concat(zeros(precision - c.length));
  } // format as `C.CCCe+EEE` or `C.CCCe-EEE`


  var first = c.shift();
  return rounded.sign + first + (c.length > 0 ? '.' + c.join('') : '') + 'e' + (e >= 0 ? '+' : '') + e;
}
/**
 * Format a number with a certain precision
 * @param {number | string} value
 * @param {number} [precision=undefined] Optional number of digits.
 * @param {{lowerExp: number | undefined, upperExp: number | undefined}} [options]
 *                                       By default:
 *                                         lowerExp = -3 (incl)
 *                                         upper = +5 (excl)
 * @return {string}
 */

export function toPrecision(value, precision, options) {
  if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value)) {
    return String(value);
  } // determine lower and upper bound for exponential notation.


  var lowerExp = options && options.lowerExp !== undefined ? options.lowerExp : -3;
  var upperExp = options && options.upperExp !== undefined ? options.upperExp : 5;
  var split = splitNumber(value);
  var rounded = precision ? roundDigits(split, precision) : split;

  if (rounded.exponent < lowerExp || rounded.exponent >= upperExp) {
    // exponential notation
    return toExponential(value, precision);
  } else {
    var c = rounded.coefficients;
    var e = rounded.exponent; // append trailing zeros

    if (c.length < precision) {
      c = c.concat(zeros(precision - c.length));
    } // append trailing zeros
    // TODO: simplify the next statement


    c = c.concat(zeros(e - c.length + 1 + (c.length < precision ? precision - c.length : 0))); // prepend zeros

    c = zeros(-e).concat(c);
    var dot = e > 0 ? e : 0;

    if (dot < c.length - 1) {
      c.splice(dot + 1, 0, '.');
    }

    return rounded.sign + c.join('');
  }
}
/**
 * Round the number of digits of a number *
 * @param {SplitValue} split       A value split with .splitNumber(value)
 * @param {number} precision  A positive integer
 * @return {SplitValue}
 *              Returns an object containing sign, coefficients, and exponent
 *              with rounded digits
 */

export function roundDigits(split, precision) {
  // create a clone
  var rounded = {
    sign: split.sign,
    coefficients: split.coefficients,
    exponent: split.exponent
  };
  var c = rounded.coefficients; // prepend zeros if needed

  while (precision <= 0) {
    c.unshift(0);
    rounded.exponent++;
    precision++;
  }

  if (c.length > precision) {
    var removed = c.splice(precision, c.length - precision);

    if (removed[0] >= 5) {
      var i = precision - 1;
      c[i]++;

      while (c[i] === 10) {
        c.pop();

        if (i === 0) {
          c.unshift(0);
          rounded.exponent++;
          i++;
        }

        i--;
        c[i]++;
      }
    }
  }

  return rounded;
}
/**
 * Create an array filled with zeros.
 * @param {number} length
 * @return {Array}
 */

function zeros(length) {
  var arr = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    arr.push(0);
  }

  return arr;
}
/**
 * Count the number of significant digits of a number.
 *
 * For example:
 *   2.34 returns 3
 *   0.0034 returns 2
 *   120.5e+30 returns 4
 *
 * @param {number} value
 * @return {number} digits   Number of significant digits
 */


export function digits(value) {
  return value.toExponential().replace(/e.*$/, '') // remove exponential notation
  .replace(/^0\.?0*|\./, '') // remove decimal point and leading zeros
  .length;
}
/**
 * Minimum number added to one that makes the result different than one
 */

export var DBL_EPSILON = Number.EPSILON || 2.2204460492503130808472633361816E-16;
/**
 * Compares two floating point numbers.
 * @param {number} x          First value to compare
 * @param {number} y          Second value to compare
 * @param {number} [epsilon]  The maximum relative difference between x and y
 *                            If epsilon is undefined or null, the function will
 *                            test whether x and y are exactly equal.
 * @return {boolean} whether the two numbers are nearly equal
*/

export function nearlyEqual(x, y, epsilon) {
  // if epsilon is null or undefined, test whether x and y are exactly equal
  if (epsilon === null || epsilon === undefined) {
    return x === y;
  }

  if (x === y) {
    return true;
  } // NaN


  if (isNaN(x) || isNaN(y)) {
    return false;
  } // at this point x and y should be finite


  if (isFinite(x) && isFinite(y)) {
    // check numbers are very close, needed when comparing numbers near zero
    var diff = Math.abs(x - y);

    if (diff < DBL_EPSILON) {
      return true;
    } else {
      // use relative error
      return diff <= Math.max(Math.abs(x), Math.abs(y)) * epsilon;
    }
  } // Infinite and Number or negative Infinite and positive Infinite cases


  return false;
}
/**
 * Calculate the hyperbolic arccos of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @return {number}
 */

export var acosh = Math.acosh || function (x) {
  return Math.log(Math.sqrt(x * x - 1) + x);
};
export var asinh = Math.asinh || function (x) {
  return Math.log(Math.sqrt(x * x + 1) + x);
};
/**
 * Calculate the hyperbolic arctangent of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @return {number}
 */

export var atanh = Math.atanh || function (x) {
  return Math.log((1 + x) / (1 - x)) / 2;
};
/**
 * Calculate the hyperbolic cosine of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var cosh = Math.cosh || function (x) {
  return (Math.exp(x) + Math.exp(-x)) / 2;
};
/**
 * Calculate the hyperbolic sine of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var sinh = Math.sinh || function (x) {
  return (Math.exp(x) - Math.exp(-x)) / 2;
};
/**
 * Calculate the hyperbolic tangent of a number
 * @param {number} x
 * @returns {number}
 */

export var tanh = Math.tanh || function (x) {
  var e = Math.exp(2 * x);
  return (e - 1) / (e + 1);
};