1 | node-fetch
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2 | ==========
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3 |
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4 | [![npm version][npm-image]][npm-url]
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5 | [![build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
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6 | [![coverage status][codecov-image]][codecov-url]
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7 | [![install size][install-size-image]][install-size-url]
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8 |
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9 | A light-weight module that brings `window.fetch` to Node.js
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10 |
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11 | (We are looking for [v2 maintainers and collaborators](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/567))
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12 |
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13 |
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14 |
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15 | - [Motivation](#motivation)
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16 | - [Features](#features)
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17 | - [Difference from client-side fetch](#difference-from-client-side-fetch)
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18 | - [Installation](#installation)
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19 | - [Loading and configuring the module](#loading-and-configuring-the-module)
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20 | - [Common Usage](#common-usage)
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21 | - [Plain text or HTML](#plain-text-or-html)
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22 | - [JSON](#json)
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23 | - [Simple Post](#simple-post)
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24 | - [Post with JSON](#post-with-json)
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25 | - [Post with form parameters](#post-with-form-parameters)
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26 | - [Handling exceptions](#handling-exceptions)
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27 | - [Handling client and server errors](#handling-client-and-server-errors)
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28 | - [Advanced Usage](#advanced-usage)
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29 | - [Streams](#streams)
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30 | - [Buffer](#buffer)
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31 | - [Accessing Headers and other Meta data](#accessing-headers-and-other-meta-data)
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32 | - [Extract Set-Cookie Header](#extract-set-cookie-header)
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33 | - [Post data using a file stream](#post-data-using-a-file-stream)
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34 | - [Post with form-data (detect multipart)](#post-with-form-data-detect-multipart)
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35 | - [Request cancellation with AbortSignal](#request-cancellation-with-abortsignal)
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36 | - [API](#api)
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37 | - [fetch(url[, options])](#fetchurl-options)
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38 | - [Options](#options)
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39 | - [Class: Request](#class-request)
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40 | - [Class: Response](#class-response)
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41 | - [Class: Headers](#class-headers)
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42 | - [Interface: Body](#interface-body)
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43 | - [Class: FetchError](#class-fetcherror)
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44 | - [License](#license)
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45 | - [Acknowledgement](#acknowledgement)
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46 |
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47 |
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48 |
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49 | ## Motivation
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50 |
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51 | Instead of implementing `XMLHttpRequest` in Node.js to run browser-specific [Fetch polyfill](https://github.com/github/fetch), why not go from native `http` to `fetch` API directly? Hence `node-fetch`, minimal code for a `window.fetch` compatible API on Node.js runtime.
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52 |
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53 | See Matt Andrews' [isomorphic-fetch](https://github.com/matthew-andrews/isomorphic-fetch) or Leonardo Quixada's [cross-fetch](https://github.com/lquixada/cross-fetch) for isomorphic usage (exports `node-fetch` for server-side, `whatwg-fetch` for client-side).
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54 |
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55 | ## Features
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56 |
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57 | - Stay consistent with `window.fetch` API.
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58 | - Make conscious trade-off when following [WHATWG fetch spec][whatwg-fetch] and [stream spec](https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/) implementation details, document known differences.
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59 | - Use native promise, but allow substituting it with [insert your favorite promise library].
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60 | - Use native Node streams for body, on both request and response.
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61 | - Decode content encoding (gzip/deflate) properly, and convert string output (such as `res.text()` and `res.json()`) to UTF-8 automatically.
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62 | - Useful extensions such as timeout, redirect limit, response size limit, [explicit errors](ERROR-HANDLING.md) for troubleshooting.
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63 |
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64 | ## Difference from client-side fetch
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65 |
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66 | - See [Known Differences](LIMITS.md) for details.
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67 | - If you happen to use a missing feature that `window.fetch` offers, feel free to open an issue.
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68 | - Pull requests are welcomed too!
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69 |
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70 | ## Installation
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71 |
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72 | Current stable release (`2.x`)
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73 |
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74 | ```sh
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75 | $ npm install node-fetch --save
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76 | ```
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77 |
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78 | ## Loading and configuring the module
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79 | We suggest you load the module via `require`, pending the stabalizing of es modules in node:
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80 | ```js
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81 | const fetch = require('node-fetch');
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82 | ```
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83 |
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84 | If you are using a Promise library other than native, set it through fetch.Promise:
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85 | ```js
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86 | const Bluebird = require('bluebird');
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87 |
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88 | fetch.Promise = Bluebird;
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89 | ```
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90 |
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91 | ## Common Usage
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92 |
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93 | NOTE: The documentation below is up-to-date with `2.x` releases, [see `1.x` readme](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/1.x/README.md), [changelog](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/1.x/CHANGELOG.md) and [2.x upgrade guide](UPGRADE-GUIDE.md) for the differences.
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94 |
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95 | #### Plain text or HTML
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96 | ```js
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97 | fetch('https://github.com/')
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98 | .then(res => res.text())
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99 | .then(body => console.log(body));
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100 | ```
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101 |
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102 | #### JSON
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103 |
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104 | ```js
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105 |
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106 | fetch('https://api.github.com/users/github')
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107 | .then(res => res.json())
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108 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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109 | ```
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110 |
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111 | #### Simple Post
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112 | ```js
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113 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: 'a=1' })
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114 | .then(res => res.json()) // expecting a json response
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115 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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116 | ```
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117 |
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118 | #### Post with JSON
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119 |
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120 | ```js
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121 | const body = { a: 1 };
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122 |
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123 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', {
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124 | method: 'post',
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125 | body: JSON.stringify(body),
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126 | headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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127 | })
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128 | .then(res => res.json())
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129 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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130 | ```
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131 |
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132 | #### Post with form parameters
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133 | `URLSearchParams` is available in Node.js as of v7.5.0. See [official documentation](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) for more usage methods.
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134 |
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135 | NOTE: The `Content-Type` header is only set automatically to `x-www-form-urlencoded` when an instance of `URLSearchParams` is given as such:
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136 |
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137 | ```js
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138 | const { URLSearchParams } = require('url');
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139 |
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140 | const params = new URLSearchParams();
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141 | params.append('a', 1);
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142 |
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143 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: params })
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144 | .then(res => res.json())
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145 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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146 | ```
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147 |
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148 | #### Handling exceptions
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149 | NOTE: 3xx-5xx responses are *NOT* exceptions, and should be handled in `then()`, see the next section.
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150 |
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151 | Adding a catch to the fetch promise chain will catch *all* exceptions, such as errors originating from node core libraries, like network errors, and operational errors which are instances of FetchError. See the [error handling document](ERROR-HANDLING.md) for more details.
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152 |
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153 | ```js
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154 | fetch('https://domain.invalid/')
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155 | .catch(err => console.error(err));
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156 | ```
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157 |
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158 | #### Handling client and server errors
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159 | It is common to create a helper function to check that the response contains no client (4xx) or server (5xx) error responses:
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160 |
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161 | ```js
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162 | function checkStatus(res) {
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163 | if (res.ok) { // res.status >= 200 && res.status < 300
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164 | return res;
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165 | } else {
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166 | throw MyCustomError(res.statusText);
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167 | }
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168 | }
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169 |
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170 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/status/400')
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171 | .then(checkStatus)
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172 | .then(res => console.log('will not get here...'))
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173 | ```
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174 |
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175 | ## Advanced Usage
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176 |
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177 | #### Streams
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178 | The "Node.js way" is to use streams when possible:
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179 |
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180 | ```js
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181 | fetch('https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/Octocat.png')
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182 | .then(res => {
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183 | const dest = fs.createWriteStream('./octocat.png');
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184 | res.body.pipe(dest);
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185 | });
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186 | ```
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187 |
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188 | #### Buffer
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189 | If you prefer to cache binary data in full, use buffer(). (NOTE: buffer() is a `node-fetch` only API)
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190 |
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191 | ```js
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192 | const fileType = require('file-type');
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193 |
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194 | fetch('https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/Octocat.png')
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195 | .then(res => res.buffer())
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196 | .then(buffer => fileType(buffer))
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197 | .then(type => { /* ... */ });
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198 | ```
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199 |
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200 | #### Accessing Headers and other Meta data
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201 | ```js
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202 | fetch('https://github.com/')
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203 | .then(res => {
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204 | console.log(res.ok);
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205 | console.log(res.status);
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206 | console.log(res.statusText);
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207 | console.log(res.headers.raw());
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208 | console.log(res.headers.get('content-type'));
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209 | });
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210 | ```
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211 |
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212 | #### Extract Set-Cookie Header
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213 |
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214 | Unlike browsers, you can access raw `Set-Cookie` headers manually using `Headers.raw()`, this is a `node-fetch` only API.
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215 |
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216 | ```js
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217 | fetch(url).then(res => {
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218 | // returns an array of values, instead of a string of comma-separated values
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219 | console.log(res.headers.raw()['set-cookie']);
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220 | });
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221 | ```
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222 |
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223 | #### Post data using a file stream
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224 |
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225 | ```js
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226 | const { createReadStream } = require('fs');
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227 |
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228 | const stream = createReadStream('input.txt');
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229 |
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230 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: stream })
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231 | .then(res => res.json())
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232 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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233 | ```
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234 |
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235 | #### Post with form-data (detect multipart)
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236 |
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237 | ```js
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238 | const FormData = require('form-data');
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239 |
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240 | const form = new FormData();
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241 | form.append('a', 1);
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242 |
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243 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', { method: 'POST', body: form })
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244 | .then(res => res.json())
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245 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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246 |
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247 | // OR, using custom headers
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248 | // NOTE: getHeaders() is non-standard API
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249 |
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250 | const form = new FormData();
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251 | form.append('a', 1);
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252 |
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253 | const options = {
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254 | method: 'POST',
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255 | body: form,
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256 | headers: form.getHeaders()
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257 | }
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258 |
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259 | fetch('https://httpbin.org/post', options)
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260 | .then(res => res.json())
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261 | .then(json => console.log(json));
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262 | ```
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263 |
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264 | #### Request cancellation with AbortSignal
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265 |
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266 | > NOTE: You may only cancel streamed requests on Node >= v8.0.0
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267 |
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268 | You may cancel requests with `AbortController`. A suggested implementation is [`abort-controller`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/abort-controller).
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269 |
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270 | An example of timing out a request after 150ms could be achieved as follows:
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271 |
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272 | ```js
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273 | import AbortController from 'abort-controller';
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274 |
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275 | const controller = new AbortController();
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276 | const timeout = setTimeout(
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277 | () => { controller.abort(); },
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278 | 150,
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279 | );
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280 |
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281 | fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal })
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282 | .then(res => res.json())
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283 | .then(
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284 | data => {
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285 | useData(data)
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286 | },
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287 | err => {
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288 | if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
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289 | // request was aborted
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290 | }
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291 | },
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292 | )
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293 | .finally(() => {
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294 | clearTimeout(timeout);
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295 | });
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296 | ```
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297 |
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298 | See [test cases](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/test/test.js) for more examples.
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299 |
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300 |
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301 | ## API
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302 |
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303 | ### fetch(url[, options])
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304 |
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305 | - `url` A string representing the URL for fetching
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306 | - `options` [Options](#fetch-options) for the HTTP(S) request
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307 | - Returns: <code>Promise<[Response](#class-response)></code>
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308 |
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309 | Perform an HTTP(S) fetch.
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310 |
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311 | `url` should be an absolute url, such as `https://example.com/`. A path-relative URL (`/file/under/root`) or protocol-relative URL (`//can-be-http-or-https.com/`) will result in a rejected promise.
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312 |
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313 | <a id="fetch-options"></a>
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314 | ### Options
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315 |
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316 | The default values are shown after each option key.
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317 |
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318 | ```js
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319 | {
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320 | // These properties are part of the Fetch Standard
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321 | method: 'GET',
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322 | headers: {}, // request headers. format is the identical to that accepted by the Headers constructor (see below)
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323 | body: null, // request body. can be null, a string, a Buffer, a Blob, or a Node.js Readable stream
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324 | redirect: 'follow', // set to `manual` to extract redirect headers, `error` to reject redirect
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325 | signal: null, // pass an instance of AbortSignal to optionally abort requests
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326 |
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327 | // The following properties are node-fetch extensions
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328 | follow: 20, // maximum redirect count. 0 to not follow redirect
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329 | timeout: 0, // req/res timeout in ms, it resets on redirect. 0 to disable (OS limit applies). Signal is recommended instead.
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330 | compress: true, // support gzip/deflate content encoding. false to disable
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331 | size: 0, // maximum response body size in bytes. 0 to disable
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332 | agent: null // http(s).Agent instance or function that returns an instance (see below)
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333 | }
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334 | ```
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335 |
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336 | ##### Default Headers
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337 |
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338 | If no values are set, the following request headers will be sent automatically:
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339 |
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340 | Header | Value
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341 | ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------
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342 | `Accept-Encoding` | `gzip,deflate` _(when `options.compress === true`)_
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343 | `Accept` | `*/*`
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344 | `Connection` | `close` _(when no `options.agent` is present)_
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345 | `Content-Length` | _(automatically calculated, if possible)_
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346 | `Transfer-Encoding` | `chunked` _(when `req.body` is a stream)_
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347 | `User-Agent` | `node-fetch/1.0 (+https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch)`
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348 |
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349 | Note: when `body` is a `Stream`, `Content-Length` is not set automatically.
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350 |
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351 | ##### Custom Agent
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352 |
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353 | The `agent` option allows you to specify networking related options that's out of the scope of Fetch. Including and not limit to:
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354 |
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355 | - Support self-signed certificate
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356 | - Use only IPv4 or IPv6
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357 | - Custom DNS Lookup
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358 |
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359 | See [`http.Agent`](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_new_agent_options) for more information.
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360 |
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361 | In addition, `agent` option accepts a function that returns http(s).Agent instance given current [URL](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html), this is useful during a redirection chain across HTTP and HTTPS protocol.
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362 |
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363 | ```js
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364 | const httpAgent = new http.Agent({
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365 | keepAlive: true
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366 | });
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367 | const httpsAgent = new https.Agent({
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368 | keepAlive: true
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369 | });
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370 |
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371 | const options = {
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372 | agent: function (_parsedURL) {
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373 | if (_parsedURL.protocol == 'http:') {
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374 | return httpAgent;
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375 | } else {
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376 | return httpsAgent;
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377 | }
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378 | }
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379 | }
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380 | ```
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381 |
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382 | <a id="class-request"></a>
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383 | ### Class: Request
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384 |
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385 | An HTTP(S) request containing information about URL, method, headers, and the body. This class implements the [Body](#iface-body) interface.
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386 |
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387 | Due to the nature of Node.js, the following properties are not implemented at this moment:
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388 |
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389 | - `type`
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390 | - `destination`
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391 | - `referrer`
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392 | - `referrerPolicy`
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393 | - `mode`
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394 | - `credentials`
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395 | - `cache`
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396 | - `integrity`
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397 | - `keepalive`
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398 |
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399 | The following node-fetch extension properties are provided:
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400 |
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401 | - `follow`
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402 | - `compress`
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403 | - `counter`
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404 | - `agent`
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405 |
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406 | See [options](#fetch-options) for exact meaning of these extensions.
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407 |
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408 | #### new Request(input[, options])
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409 |
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410 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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411 |
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412 | - `input` A string representing a URL, or another `Request` (which will be cloned)
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413 | - `options` [Options][#fetch-options] for the HTTP(S) request
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414 |
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415 | Constructs a new `Request` object. The constructor is identical to that in the [browser](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Request/Request).
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416 |
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417 | In most cases, directly `fetch(url, options)` is simpler than creating a `Request` object.
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418 |
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419 | <a id="class-response"></a>
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420 | ### Class: Response
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421 |
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422 | An HTTP(S) response. This class implements the [Body](#iface-body) interface.
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423 |
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424 | The following properties are not implemented in node-fetch at this moment:
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425 |
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426 | - `Response.error()`
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427 | - `Response.redirect()`
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428 | - `type`
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429 | - `trailer`
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430 |
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431 | #### new Response([body[, options]])
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432 |
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433 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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434 |
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435 | - `body` A string or [Readable stream][node-readable]
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436 | - `options` A [`ResponseInit`][response-init] options dictionary
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437 |
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438 | Constructs a new `Response` object. The constructor is identical to that in the [browser](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response/Response).
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439 |
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440 | Because Node.js does not implement service workers (for which this class was designed), one rarely has to construct a `Response` directly.
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441 |
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442 | #### response.ok
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443 |
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444 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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445 |
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446 | Convenience property representing if the request ended normally. Will evaluate to true if the response status was greater than or equal to 200 but smaller than 300.
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447 |
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448 | #### response.redirected
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449 |
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450 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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451 |
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452 | Convenience property representing if the request has been redirected at least once. Will evaluate to true if the internal redirect counter is greater than 0.
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453 |
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454 | <a id="class-headers"></a>
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455 | ### Class: Headers
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456 |
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457 | This class allows manipulating and iterating over a set of HTTP headers. All methods specified in the [Fetch Standard][whatwg-fetch] are implemented.
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458 |
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459 | #### new Headers([init])
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460 |
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461 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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462 |
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463 | - `init` Optional argument to pre-fill the `Headers` object
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464 |
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465 | Construct a new `Headers` object. `init` can be either `null`, a `Headers` object, an key-value map object, or any iterable object.
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466 |
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467 | ```js
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468 | // Example adapted from https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#example-headers-class
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469 |
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470 | const meta = {
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471 | 'Content-Type': 'text/xml',
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472 | 'Breaking-Bad': '<3'
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473 | };
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474 | const headers = new Headers(meta);
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475 |
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476 | // The above is equivalent to
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477 | const meta = [
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478 | [ 'Content-Type', 'text/xml' ],
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479 | [ 'Breaking-Bad', '<3' ]
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480 | ];
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481 | const headers = new Headers(meta);
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482 |
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483 | // You can in fact use any iterable objects, like a Map or even another Headers
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484 | const meta = new Map();
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485 | meta.set('Content-Type', 'text/xml');
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486 | meta.set('Breaking-Bad', '<3');
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487 | const headers = new Headers(meta);
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488 | const copyOfHeaders = new Headers(headers);
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489 | ```
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490 |
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491 | <a id="iface-body"></a>
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492 | ### Interface: Body
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493 |
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494 | `Body` is an abstract interface with methods that are applicable to both `Request` and `Response` classes.
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495 |
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496 | The following methods are not yet implemented in node-fetch at this moment:
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497 |
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498 | - `formData()`
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499 |
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500 | #### body.body
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501 |
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502 | <small>*(deviation from spec)*</small>
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503 |
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504 | * Node.js [`Readable` stream][node-readable]
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505 |
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506 | The data encapsulated in the `Body` object. Note that while the [Fetch Standard][whatwg-fetch] requires the property to always be a WHATWG `ReadableStream`, in node-fetch it is a Node.js [`Readable` stream][node-readable].
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507 |
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508 | #### body.bodyUsed
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509 |
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510 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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511 |
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512 | * `Boolean`
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513 |
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514 | A boolean property for if this body has been consumed. Per spec, a consumed body cannot be used again.
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515 |
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516 | #### body.arrayBuffer()
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517 | #### body.blob()
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518 | #### body.json()
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519 | #### body.text()
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520 |
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521 | <small>*(spec-compliant)*</small>
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522 |
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523 | * Returns: <code>Promise</code>
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524 |
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525 | Consume the body and return a promise that will resolve to one of these formats.
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526 |
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527 | #### body.buffer()
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528 |
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529 | <small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
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530 |
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531 | * Returns: <code>Promise<Buffer></code>
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532 |
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533 | Consume the body and return a promise that will resolve to a Buffer.
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534 |
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535 | #### body.textConverted()
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536 |
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537 | <small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
|
538 |
|
539 | * Returns: <code>Promise<String></code>
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540 |
|
541 | Identical to `body.text()`, except instead of always converting to UTF-8, encoding sniffing will be performed and text converted to UTF-8, if possible.
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542 |
|
543 | (This API requires an optional dependency on npm package [encoding](https://www.npmjs.com/package/encoding), which you need to install manually. `webpack` users may see [a warning message](https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues/412#issuecomment-379007792) due to this optional dependency.)
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544 |
|
545 | <a id="class-fetcherror"></a>
|
546 | ### Class: FetchError
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547 |
|
548 | <small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
|
549 |
|
550 | An operational error in the fetching process. See [ERROR-HANDLING.md][] for more info.
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551 |
|
552 | <a id="class-aborterror"></a>
|
553 | ### Class: AbortError
|
554 |
|
555 | <small>*(node-fetch extension)*</small>
|
556 |
|
557 | An Error thrown when the request is aborted in response to an `AbortSignal`'s `abort` event. It has a `name` property of `AbortError`. See [ERROR-HANDLING.MD][] for more info.
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558 |
|
559 | ## Acknowledgement
|
560 |
|
561 | Thanks to [github/fetch](https://github.com/github/fetch) for providing a solid implementation reference.
|
562 |
|
563 | `node-fetch` v1 was maintained by [@bitinn](https://github.com/bitinn); v2 was maintained by [@TimothyGu](https://github.com/timothygu), [@bitinn](https://github.com/bitinn) and [@jimmywarting](https://github.com/jimmywarting); v2 readme is written by [@jkantr](https://github.com/jkantr).
|
564 |
|
565 | ## License
|
566 |
|
567 | MIT
|
568 |
|
569 | [npm-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/npm/v/node-fetch
|
570 | [npm-url]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-fetch
|
571 | [travis-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/travis/bitinn/node-fetch
|
572 | [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/bitinn/node-fetch
|
573 | [codecov-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/codecov/c/github/bitinn/node-fetch/master
|
574 | [codecov-url]: https://codecov.io/gh/bitinn/node-fetch
|
575 | [install-size-image]: https://flat.badgen.net/packagephobia/install/node-fetch
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576 | [install-size-url]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=node-fetch
|
577 | [whatwg-fetch]: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/
|
578 | [response-init]: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#responseinit
|
579 | [node-readable]: https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_readable_streams
|
580 | [mdn-headers]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Headers
|
581 | [LIMITS.md]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/LIMITS.md
|
582 | [ERROR-HANDLING.md]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/ERROR-HANDLING.md
|
583 | [UPGRADE-GUIDE.md]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/blob/master/UPGRADE-GUIDE.md
|