puppeteer-core/src/api/Frame.ts

/**
 * @license
 * Copyright 2023 Google Inc.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */

import type Protocol from 'devtools-protocol';

import type {ClickOptions, ElementHandle} from '../api/ElementHandle.js';
import type {HTTPResponse} from '../api/HTTPResponse.js';
import type {
  Page,
  QueryOptions,
  WaitForSelectorOptions,
  WaitTimeoutOptions,
} from '../api/Page.js';
import type {Accessibility} from '../cdp/Accessibility.js';
import type {DeviceRequestPrompt} from '../cdp/DeviceRequestPrompt.js';
import type {PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent} from '../cdp/LifecycleWatcher.js';
import {EventEmitter, type EventType} from '../common/EventEmitter.js';
import {getQueryHandlerAndSelector} from '../common/GetQueryHandler.js';
import {transposeIterableHandle} from '../common/HandleIterator.js';
import type {
  Awaitable,
  EvaluateFunc,
  EvaluateFuncWith,
  HandleFor,
  NodeFor,
} from '../common/types.js';
import {withSourcePuppeteerURLIfNone} from '../common/util.js';
import {environment} from '../environment.js';
import {assert} from '../util/assert.js';
import {throwIfDisposed} from '../util/decorators.js';

import type {CDPSession} from './CDPSession.js';
import type {KeyboardTypeOptions} from './Input.js';
import {
  FunctionLocator,
  NodeLocator,
  type Locator,
} from './locators/locators.js';
import type {Realm} from './Realm.js';

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface WaitForOptions {
  /**
   * Maximum wait time in milliseconds. Pass 0 to disable the timeout.
   *
   * The default value can be changed by using the
   * {@link Page.setDefaultTimeout} or {@link Page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout}
   * methods.
   *
   * @defaultValue `30000`
   */
  timeout?: number;
  /**
   * When to consider waiting succeeds. Given an array of event strings, waiting
   * is considered to be successful after all events have been fired.
   *
   * @defaultValue `'load'`
   */
  waitUntil?: PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent | PuppeteerLifeCycleEvent[];
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  ignoreSameDocumentNavigation?: boolean;
  /**
   * A signal object that allows you to cancel the call.
   */
  signal?: AbortSignal;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface GoToOptions extends WaitForOptions {
  /**
   * If provided, it will take preference over the referer header value set by
   * {@link Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders | page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()}.
   */
  referer?: string;
  /**
   * If provided, it will take preference over the referer-policy header value
   * set by {@link Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders | page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()}.
   */
  referrerPolicy?: string;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameWaitForFunctionOptions {
  /**
   * An interval at which the `pageFunction` is executed, defaults to `raf`. If
   * `polling` is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at
   * which the function would be executed. If `polling` is a string, then it can
   * be one of the following values:
   *
   * - `raf` - to constantly execute `pageFunction` in `requestAnimationFrame`
   *   callback. This is the tightest polling mode which is suitable to observe
   *   styling changes.
   *
   * - `mutation` - to execute `pageFunction` on every DOM mutation.
   */
  polling?: 'raf' | 'mutation' | number;
  /**
   * Maximum time to wait in milliseconds. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds).
   * Pass `0` to disable the timeout. Puppeteer's default timeout can be changed
   * using {@link Page.setDefaultTimeout}.
   */
  timeout?: number;
  /**
   * A signal object that allows you to cancel a waitForFunction call.
   */
  signal?: AbortSignal;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameAddScriptTagOptions {
  /**
   * URL of the script to be added.
   */
  url?: string;
  /**
   * Path to a JavaScript file to be injected into the frame.
   *
   * @remarks
   * If `path` is a relative path, it is resolved relative to the current
   * working directory (`process.cwd()` in Node.js).
   */
  path?: string;
  /**
   * JavaScript to be injected into the frame.
   */
  content?: string;
  /**
   * Sets the `type` of the script. Use `module` in order to load an ES2015 module.
   */
  type?: string;
  /**
   * Sets the `id` of the script.
   */
  id?: string;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameAddStyleTagOptions {
  /**
   * the URL of the CSS file to be added.
   */
  url?: string;
  /**
   * The path to a CSS file to be injected into the frame.
   * @remarks
   * If `path` is a relative path, it is resolved relative to the current
   * working directory (`process.cwd()` in Node.js).
   */
  path?: string;
  /**
   * Raw CSS content to be injected into the frame.
   */
  content?: string;
}

/**
 * @public
 */
export interface FrameEvents extends Record<EventType, unknown> {
  /** @internal */
  [FrameEvent.FrameNavigated]: Protocol.Page.NavigationType;
  /** @internal */
  [FrameEvent.FrameSwapped]: undefined;
  /** @internal */
  [FrameEvent.LifecycleEvent]: undefined;
  /** @internal */
  [FrameEvent.FrameNavigatedWithinDocument]: undefined;
  /** @internal */
  [FrameEvent.FrameDetached]: Frame;
  /** @internal */
  [FrameEvent.FrameSwappedByActivation]: undefined;
}

/**
 * We use symbols to prevent external parties listening to these events.
 * They are internal to Puppeteer.
 *
 * @internal
 */
// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-namespace
export namespace FrameEvent {
  export const FrameNavigated = Symbol('Frame.FrameNavigated');
  export const FrameSwapped = Symbol('Frame.FrameSwapped');
  export const LifecycleEvent = Symbol('Frame.LifecycleEvent');
  export const FrameNavigatedWithinDocument = Symbol(
    'Frame.FrameNavigatedWithinDocument',
  );
  export const FrameDetached = Symbol('Frame.FrameDetached');
  export const FrameSwappedByActivation = Symbol(
    'Frame.FrameSwappedByActivation',
  );
}

/**
 * @internal
 */
export const throwIfDetached = throwIfDisposed<Frame>(frame => {
  return `Attempted to use detached Frame '${frame._id}'.`;
});

/**
 * Represents a DOM frame.
 *
 * To understand frames, you can think of frames as `<iframe>` elements. Just
 * like iframes, frames can be nested, and when JavaScript is executed in a
 * frame, the JavaScript does not effect frames inside the ambient frame the
 * JavaScript executes in.
 *
 * @example
 * At any point in time, {@link Page | pages} expose their current frame
 * tree via the {@link Page.mainFrame} and {@link Frame.childFrames} methods.
 *
 * @example
 * An example of dumping frame tree:
 *
 * ```ts
 * import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
 *
 * (async () => {
 *   const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
 *   const page = await browser.newPage();
 *   await page.goto('https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html');
 *   dumpFrameTree(page.mainFrame(), '');
 *   await browser.close();
 *
 *   function dumpFrameTree(frame, indent) {
 *     console.log(indent + frame.url());
 *     for (const child of frame.childFrames()) {
 *       dumpFrameTree(child, indent + '  ');
 *     }
 *   }
 * })();
 * ```
 *
 * @example
 * An example of getting text from an iframe element:
 *
 * ```ts
 * const frame = page.frames().find(frame => frame.name() === 'myframe');
 * const text = await frame.$eval('.selector', element => element.textContent);
 * console.log(text);
 * ```
 *
 * @remarks
 * Frame lifecycles are controlled by three events that are all dispatched on
 * the parent {@link Frame.page | page}:
 *
 * - {@link PageEvent.FrameAttached}
 * - {@link PageEvent.FrameNavigated}
 * - {@link PageEvent.FrameDetached}
 *
 * @public
 */
export abstract class Frame extends EventEmitter<FrameEvents> {
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _id!: string;
  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _parentId?: string;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _name?: string;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  _hasStartedLoading = false;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  constructor() {
    super();
  }

  /**
   * The page associated with the frame.
   */
  abstract page(): Page;

  /**
   * Navigates the frame or page to the given `url`.
   *
   * @remarks
   * Navigation to `about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different
   * hash will succeed and return `null`.
   *
   * :::warning
   *
   * Headless shell mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the
   * {@link https://crbug.com/761295 | upstream issue}.
   *
   * :::
   *
   * In headless shell, this method will not throw an error when any valid HTTP
   * status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and
   * 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be
   * retrieved by calling {@link HTTPResponse.status}.
   *
   * @param url - URL to navigate the frame to. The URL should include scheme,
   * e.g. `https://`
   * @param options - Options to configure waiting behavior.
   * @returns A promise which resolves to the main resource response. In case of
   * multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the
   * last redirect.
   * @throws If:
   *
   * - there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
   *
   * - target URL is invalid.
   *
   * - the timeout is exceeded during navigation.
   *
   * - the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
   *
   * - the main resource failed to load.
   */
  abstract goto(
    url: string,
    options?: GoToOptions,
  ): Promise<HTTPResponse | null>;

  /**
   * Waits for the frame to navigate. It is useful for when you run code which
   * will indirectly cause the frame to navigate.
   *
   * Usage of the
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API | History API}
   * to change the URL is considered a navigation.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const [response] = await Promise.all([
   *   // The navigation promise resolves after navigation has finished
   *   frame.waitForNavigation(),
   *   // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
   *   frame.click('a.my-link'),
   * ]);
   * ```
   *
   * @param options - Options to configure waiting behavior.
   * @returns A promise which resolves to the main resource response.
   */
  abstract waitForNavigation(
    options?: WaitForOptions,
  ): Promise<HTTPResponse | null>;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  abstract get client(): CDPSession;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  abstract get accessibility(): Accessibility;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  abstract mainRealm(): Realm;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  abstract isolatedRealm(): Realm;

  #_document: Promise<ElementHandle<Document>> | undefined;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  #document(): Promise<ElementHandle<Document>> {
    if (!this.#_document) {
      this.#_document = this.mainRealm().evaluateHandle(() => {
        return document;
      });
    }
    return this.#_document;
  }

  /**
   * Used to clear the document handle that has been destroyed.
   *
   * @internal
   */
  clearDocumentHandle(): void {
    this.#_document = undefined;
  }

  /**
   * @returns The frame element associated with this frame (if any).
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async frameElement(): Promise<HandleFor<HTMLIFrameElement> | null> {
    const parentFrame = this.parentFrame();
    if (!parentFrame) {
      return null;
    }
    using list = await parentFrame.isolatedRealm().evaluateHandle(() => {
      return document.querySelectorAll('iframe,frame');
    });
    for await (using iframe of transposeIterableHandle(list)) {
      const frame = await iframe.contentFrame();
      if (frame?._id === this._id) {
        return (await parentFrame
          .mainRealm()
          .adoptHandle(iframe)) as HandleFor<HTMLIFrameElement>;
      }
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Behaves identically to {@link Page.evaluateHandle} except it's run within
   * the context of this frame.
   *
   * See {@link Page.evaluateHandle} for details.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async evaluateHandle<
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<Params> = EvaluateFunc<Params>,
  >(
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<HandleFor<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>>> {
    pageFunction = withSourcePuppeteerURLIfNone(
      this.evaluateHandle.name,
      pageFunction,
    );
    return await this.mainRealm().evaluateHandle(pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Behaves identically to {@link Page.evaluate} except it's run within
   * the context of this frame.
   *
   * See {@link Page.evaluate} for details.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async evaluate<
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<Params> = EvaluateFunc<Params>,
  >(
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>> {
    pageFunction = withSourcePuppeteerURLIfNone(
      this.evaluate.name,
      pageFunction,
    );
    return await this.mainRealm().evaluate(pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a locator for the provided selector. See {@link Locator} for
   * details and supported actions.
   *
   * @param selector -
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#selectors | selector}
   * to query the page for.
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors | CSS selectors}
   * can be passed as-is and a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#non-css-selectors | Puppeteer-specific selector syntax}
   * allows quering by
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#text-selectors--p-text | text},
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#aria-selectors--p-aria | a11y role and name},
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#xpath-selectors--p-xpath | xpath}
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#querying-elements-in-shadow-dom | combining these queries across shadow roots}.
   * Alternatively, you can specify the selector type using a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#prefixed-selector-syntax | prefix}.
   */
  locator<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector,
  ): Locator<NodeFor<Selector>>;

  /**
   * Creates a locator for the provided function. See {@link Locator} for
   * details and supported actions.
   */
  locator<Ret>(func: () => Awaitable<Ret>): Locator<Ret>;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  locator<Selector extends string, Ret>(
    selectorOrFunc: Selector | (() => Awaitable<Ret>),
  ): Locator<NodeFor<Selector>> | Locator<Ret> {
    if (typeof selectorOrFunc === 'string') {
      return NodeLocator.create(this, selectorOrFunc);
    } else {
      return FunctionLocator.create(this, selectorOrFunc);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Queries the frame for an element matching the given selector.
   *
   * @param selector -
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#selectors | selector}
   * to query the page for.
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors | CSS selectors}
   * can be passed as-is and a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#non-css-selectors | Puppeteer-specific selector syntax}
   * allows quering by
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#text-selectors--p-text | text},
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#aria-selectors--p-aria | a11y role and name},
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#xpath-selectors--p-xpath | xpath}
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#querying-elements-in-shadow-dom | combining these queries across shadow roots}.
   * Alternatively, you can specify the selector type using a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#prefixed-selector-syntax | prefix}.
   *
   * @returns A {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the first element
   * matching the given selector. Otherwise, `null`.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async $<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector,
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>> | null> {
    // eslint-disable-next-line rulesdir/use-using -- This is cached.
    const document = await this.#document();
    return await document.$(selector);
  }

  /**
   * Queries the frame for all elements matching the given selector.
   *
   * @param selector -
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#selectors | selector}
   * to query the page for.
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors | CSS selectors}
   * can be passed as-is and a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#non-css-selectors | Puppeteer-specific selector syntax}
   * allows quering by
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#text-selectors--p-text | text},
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#aria-selectors--p-aria | a11y role and name},
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#xpath-selectors--p-xpath | xpath}
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#querying-elements-in-shadow-dom | combining these queries across shadow roots}.
   * Alternatively, you can specify the selector type using a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#prefixed-selector-syntax | prefix}.
   *
   * @returns An array of {@link ElementHandle | element handles} that point to
   * elements matching the given selector.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async $$<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector,
    options?: QueryOptions,
  ): Promise<Array<ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>>>> {
    // eslint-disable-next-line rulesdir/use-using -- This is cached.
    const document = await this.#document();
    return await document.$$(selector, options);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the given function on the first element matching the given selector in
   * the frame.
   *
   * If the given function returns a promise, then this method will wait till
   * the promise resolves.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const searchValue = await frame.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector -
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#selectors | selector}
   * to query the page for.
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors | CSS selectors}
   * can be passed as-is and a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#non-css-selectors | Puppeteer-specific selector syntax}
   * allows quering by
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#text-selectors--p-text | text},
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#aria-selectors--p-aria | a11y role and name},
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#xpath-selectors--p-xpath | xpath}
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#querying-elements-in-shadow-dom | combining these queries across shadow roots}.
   * Alternatively, you can specify the selector type using a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#prefixed-selector-syntax | prefix}.
   * @param pageFunction - The function to be evaluated in the frame's context.
   * The first element matching the selector will be passed to the function as
   * its first argument.
   * @param args - Additional arguments to pass to `pageFunction`.
   * @returns A promise to the result of the function.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async $eval<
    Selector extends string,
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFuncWith<NodeFor<Selector>, Params> = EvaluateFuncWith<
      NodeFor<Selector>,
      Params
    >,
  >(
    selector: Selector,
    pageFunction: string | Func,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>> {
    pageFunction = withSourcePuppeteerURLIfNone(this.$eval.name, pageFunction);
    // eslint-disable-next-line rulesdir/use-using -- This is cached.
    const document = await this.#document();
    return await document.$eval(selector, pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the given function on an array of elements matching the given selector
   * in the frame.
   *
   * If the given function returns a promise, then this method will wait till
   * the promise resolves.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const divsCounts = await frame.$$eval('div', divs => divs.length);
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector -
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#selectors | selector}
   * to query the page for.
   * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors | CSS selectors}
   * can be passed as-is and a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#non-css-selectors | Puppeteer-specific selector syntax}
   * allows quering by
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#text-selectors--p-text | text},
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#aria-selectors--p-aria | a11y role and name},
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#xpath-selectors--p-xpath | xpath}
   * and
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#querying-elements-in-shadow-dom | combining these queries across shadow roots}.
   * Alternatively, you can specify the selector type using a
   * {@link https://pptr.dev/guides/page-interactions#prefixed-selector-syntax | prefix}.
   * @param pageFunction - The function to be evaluated in the frame's context.
   * An array of elements matching the given selector will be passed to the
   * function as its first argument.
   * @param args - Additional arguments to pass to `pageFunction`.
   * @returns A promise to the result of the function.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async $$eval<
    Selector extends string,
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFuncWith<
      Array<NodeFor<Selector>>,
      Params
    > = EvaluateFuncWith<Array<NodeFor<Selector>>, Params>,
  >(
    selector: Selector,
    pageFunction: string | Func,
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>> {
    pageFunction = withSourcePuppeteerURLIfNone(this.$$eval.name, pageFunction);
    // eslint-disable-next-line rulesdir/use-using -- This is cached.
    const document = await this.#document();
    return await document.$$eval(selector, pageFunction, ...args);
  }

  /**
   * Waits for an element matching the given selector to appear in the frame.
   *
   * This method works across navigations.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
   *
   * (async () => {
   *   const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
   *   const page = await browser.newPage();
   *   let currentURL;
   *   page
   *     .mainFrame()
   *     .waitForSelector('img')
   *     .then(() => console.log('First URL with image: ' + currentURL));
   *
   *   for (currentURL of [
   *     'https://example.com',
   *     'https://google.com',
   *     'https://bbc.com',
   *   ]) {
   *     await page.goto(currentURL);
   *   }
   *   await browser.close();
   * })();
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query and wait for.
   * @param options - Options for customizing waiting behavior.
   * @returns An element matching the given selector.
   * @throws Throws if an element matching the given selector doesn't appear.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async waitForSelector<Selector extends string>(
    selector: Selector,
    options: WaitForSelectorOptions = {},
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>> | null> {
    const {updatedSelector, QueryHandler, polling} =
      getQueryHandlerAndSelector(selector);
    return (await QueryHandler.waitFor(this, updatedSelector, {
      polling,
      ...options,
    })) as ElementHandle<NodeFor<Selector>> | null;
  }

  /**
   * @example
   * The `waitForFunction` can be used to observe viewport size change:
   *
   * ```ts
   * import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
   *
   * (async () => {
   * .  const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
   * .  const page = await browser.newPage();
   * .  const watchDog = page.mainFrame().waitForFunction('window.innerWidth < 100');
   * .  page.setViewport({width: 50, height: 50});
   * .  await watchDog;
   * .  await browser.close();
   * })();
   * ```
   *
   * To pass arguments from Node.js to the predicate of `page.waitForFunction` function:
   *
   * ```ts
   * const selector = '.foo';
   * await frame.waitForFunction(
   *   selector => !!document.querySelector(selector),
   *   {}, // empty options object
   *   selector,
   * );
   * ```
   *
   * @param pageFunction - the function to evaluate in the frame context.
   * @param options - options to configure the polling method and timeout.
   * @param args - arguments to pass to the `pageFunction`.
   * @returns the promise which resolve when the `pageFunction` returns a truthy value.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async waitForFunction<
    Params extends unknown[],
    Func extends EvaluateFunc<Params> = EvaluateFunc<Params>,
  >(
    pageFunction: Func | string,
    options: FrameWaitForFunctionOptions = {},
    ...args: Params
  ): Promise<HandleFor<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>>> {
    return await (this.mainRealm().waitForFunction(
      pageFunction,
      options,
      ...args,
    ) as Promise<HandleFor<Awaited<ReturnType<Func>>>>);
  }
  /**
   * The full HTML contents of the frame, including the DOCTYPE.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async content(): Promise<string> {
    return await this.evaluate(() => {
      let content = '';
      for (const node of document.childNodes) {
        switch (node) {
          case document.documentElement:
            content += document.documentElement.outerHTML;
            break;
          default:
            content += new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(node);
            break;
        }
      }

      return content;
    });
  }

  /**
   * Set the content of the frame.
   *
   * @param html - HTML markup to assign to the page.
   * @param options - Options to configure how long before timing out and at
   * what point to consider the content setting successful.
   */
  abstract setContent(html: string, options?: WaitForOptions): Promise<void>;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  async setFrameContent(content: string): Promise<void> {
    return await this.evaluate(html => {
      document.open();
      document.write(html);
      document.close();
    }, content);
  }

  /**
   * The frame's `name` attribute as specified in the tag.
   *
   * @remarks
   * If the name is empty, it returns the `id` attribute instead.
   *
   * @remarks
   * This value is calculated once when the frame is created, and will not
   * update if the attribute is changed later.
   *
   * @deprecated Use
   *
   * ```ts
   * const element = await frame.frameElement();
   * const nameOrId = await element.evaluate(frame => frame.name ?? frame.id);
   * ```
   */
  name(): string {
    return this._name || '';
  }

  /**
   * The frame's URL.
   */
  abstract url(): string;

  /**
   * The parent frame, if any. Detached and main frames return `null`.
   */
  abstract parentFrame(): Frame | null;

  /**
   * An array of child frames.
   */
  abstract childFrames(): Frame[];

  /**
   * @returns `true` if the frame has detached. `false` otherwise.
   */
  abstract get detached(): boolean;

  /**
   * Is`true` if the frame has been detached. Otherwise, `false`.
   *
   * @deprecated Use the `detached` getter.
   */
  isDetached(): boolean {
    return this.detached;
  }

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  get disposed(): boolean {
    return this.detached;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a `<script>` tag into the page with the desired url or content.
   *
   * @param options - Options for the script.
   * @returns An {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the injected
   * `<script>` element.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async addScriptTag(
    options: FrameAddScriptTagOptions,
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLScriptElement>> {
    let {content = '', type} = options;
    const {path} = options;
    if (+!!options.url + +!!path + +!!content !== 1) {
      throw new Error(
        'Exactly one of `url`, `path`, or `content` must be specified.',
      );
    }

    if (path) {
      content = await environment.value.fs.promises.readFile(path, 'utf8');
      content += `//# sourceURL=${path.replace(/\n/g, '')}`;
    }

    type = type ?? 'text/javascript';

    return await this.mainRealm().transferHandle(
      await this.isolatedRealm().evaluateHandle(
        async ({url, id, type, content}) => {
          return await new Promise<HTMLScriptElement>((resolve, reject) => {
            const script = document.createElement('script');
            script.type = type;
            script.text = content;
            script.addEventListener(
              'error',
              event => {
                reject(new Error(event.message ?? 'Could not load script'));
              },
              {once: true},
            );
            if (id) {
              script.id = id;
            }
            if (url) {
              script.src = url;
              script.addEventListener(
                'load',
                () => {
                  resolve(script);
                },
                {once: true},
              );
              document.head.appendChild(script);
            } else {
              document.head.appendChild(script);
              resolve(script);
            }
          });
        },
        {...options, type, content},
      ),
    );
  }

  /**
   * Adds a `HTMLStyleElement` into the frame with the desired URL
   *
   * @returns An {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the loaded `<style>`
   * element.
   */
  async addStyleTag(
    options: Omit<FrameAddStyleTagOptions, 'url'>,
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLStyleElement>>;

  /**
   * Adds a `HTMLLinkElement` into the frame with the desired URL
   *
   * @returns An {@link ElementHandle | element handle} to the loaded `<link>`
   * element.
   */
  async addStyleTag(
    options: FrameAddStyleTagOptions,
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLLinkElement>>;

  /**
   * @internal
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async addStyleTag(
    options: FrameAddStyleTagOptions,
  ): Promise<ElementHandle<HTMLStyleElement | HTMLLinkElement>> {
    let {content = ''} = options;
    const {path} = options;
    if (+!!options.url + +!!path + +!!content !== 1) {
      throw new Error(
        'Exactly one of `url`, `path`, or `content` must be specified.',
      );
    }

    if (path) {
      content = await environment.value.fs.promises.readFile(path, 'utf8');
      content += '/*# sourceURL=' + path.replace(/\n/g, '') + '*/';
      options.content = content;
    }

    return await this.mainRealm().transferHandle(
      await this.isolatedRealm().evaluateHandle(async ({url, content}) => {
        return await new Promise<HTMLStyleElement | HTMLLinkElement>(
          (resolve, reject) => {
            let element: HTMLStyleElement | HTMLLinkElement;
            if (!url) {
              element = document.createElement('style');
              element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(content!));
            } else {
              const link = document.createElement('link');
              link.rel = 'stylesheet';
              link.href = url;
              element = link;
            }
            element.addEventListener(
              'load',
              () => {
                resolve(element);
              },
              {once: true},
            );
            element.addEventListener(
              'error',
              event => {
                reject(
                  new Error(
                    (event as ErrorEvent).message ?? 'Could not load style',
                  ),
                );
              },
              {once: true},
            );
            document.head.appendChild(element);
            return element;
          },
        );
      }, options),
    );
  }

  /**
   * Clicks the first element found that matches `selector`.
   *
   * @remarks
   * If `click()` triggers a navigation event and there's a separate
   * `page.waitForNavigation()` promise to be resolved, you may end up with a
   * race condition that yields unexpected results. The correct pattern for
   * click and wait for navigation is the following:
   *
   * ```ts
   * const [response] = await Promise.all([
   *   page.waitForNavigation(waitOptions),
   *   frame.click(selector, clickOptions),
   * ]);
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async click(
    selector: string,
    options: Readonly<ClickOptions> = {},
  ): Promise<void> {
    using handle = await this.$(selector);
    assert(handle, `No element found for selector: ${selector}`);
    await handle.click(options);
    await handle.dispose();
  }

  /**
   * Focuses the first element that matches the `selector`.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @throws Throws if there's no element matching `selector`.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async focus(selector: string): Promise<void> {
    using handle = await this.$(selector);
    assert(handle, `No element found for selector: ${selector}`);
    await handle.focus();
  }

  /**
   * Hovers the pointer over the center of the first element that matches the
   * `selector`.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @throws Throws if there's no element matching `selector`.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async hover(selector: string): Promise<void> {
    using handle = await this.$(selector);
    assert(handle, `No element found for selector: ${selector}`);
    await handle.hover();
  }

  /**
   * Selects a set of value on the first `<select>` element that matches the
   * `selector`.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * frame.select('select#colors', 'blue'); // single selection
   * frame.select('select#colors', 'red', 'green', 'blue'); // multiple selections
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @param values - The array of values to select. If the `<select>` has the
   * `multiple` attribute, all values are considered, otherwise only the first
   * one is taken into account.
   * @returns the list of values that were successfully selected.
   * @throws Throws if there's no `<select>` matching `selector`.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async select(selector: string, ...values: string[]): Promise<string[]> {
    using handle = await this.$(selector);
    assert(handle, `No element found for selector: ${selector}`);
    return await handle.select(...values);
  }

  /**
   * Taps the first element that matches the `selector`.
   *
   * @param selector - The selector to query for.
   * @throws Throws if there's no element matching `selector`.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async tap(selector: string): Promise<void> {
    using handle = await this.$(selector);
    assert(handle, `No element found for selector: ${selector}`);
    await handle.tap();
  }

  /**
   * Sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character
   * in the text.
   *
   * @remarks
   * To press a special key, like `Control` or `ArrowDown`, use
   * {@link Keyboard.press}.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'Hello'); // Types instantly
   * await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
   * ```
   *
   * @param selector - the selector for the element to type into. If there are
   * multiple the first will be used.
   * @param text - text to type into the element
   * @param options - takes one option, `delay`, which sets the time to wait
   * between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to `0`.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async type(
    selector: string,
    text: string,
    options?: Readonly<KeyboardTypeOptions>,
  ): Promise<void> {
    using handle = await this.$(selector);
    assert(handle, `No element found for selector: ${selector}`);
    await handle.type(text, options);
  }

  /**
   * The frame's title.
   */
  @throwIfDetached
  async title(): Promise<string> {
    return await this.isolatedRealm().evaluate(() => {
      return document.title;
    });
  }

  /**
   * This method is typically coupled with an action that triggers a device
   * request from an api such as WebBluetooth.
   *
   * :::caution
   *
   * This must be called before the device request is made. It will not return a
   * currently active device prompt.
   *
   * :::
   *
   * @example
   *
   * ```ts
   * const [devicePrompt] = Promise.all([
   *   frame.waitForDevicePrompt(),
   *   frame.click('#connect-bluetooth'),
   * ]);
   * await devicePrompt.select(
   *   await devicePrompt.waitForDevice(({name}) => name.includes('My Device')),
   * );
   * ```
   *
   * @internal
   */
  abstract waitForDevicePrompt(
    options?: WaitTimeoutOptions,
  ): Promise<DeviceRequestPrompt>;
}