1 | <h1><img src="https://terser.org/img/terser-banner-logo.png" alt="Terser" width="400"></h1>
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2 |
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3 | [![NPM Version][npm-image]][npm-url]
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4 | [![NPM Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
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5 | [![Travis Build][travis-image]][travis-url]
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6 | [![Opencollective financial contributors][opencollective-contributors]][opencollective-url]
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7 |
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8 | A JavaScript parser and mangler/compressor toolkit for ES6+.
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9 |
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10 | *note*: You can support this project on patreon: <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.patreon.com/fabiosantoscode"><img src="https://c5.patreon.com/external/logo/become_a_patron_button@2x.png" alt="patron" width="100px" height="auto"></a>. Check out [PATRONS.md](https://github.com/terser/terser/blob/master/PATRONS.md) for our first-tier patrons.
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11 |
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12 | Terser recommends you use RollupJS to bundle your modules, as that produces smaller code overall.
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13 |
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14 | *Beautification* has been undocumented and is *being removed* from terser, we recommend you use [prettier](https://npmjs.com/package/prettier).
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15 |
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16 | Find the changelog in [CHANGELOG.md](https://github.com/terser/terser/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
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17 |
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18 |
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19 |
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20 | [npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/terser.svg
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21 | [npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/terser
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22 | [downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/terser.svg
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23 | [downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/terser
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24 | [travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/terser/terser/master.svg
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25 | [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/terser/terser
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26 | [opencollective-contributors]: https://opencollective.com/terser/tiers/badge.svg
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27 | [opencollective-url]: https://opencollective.com/terser
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28 |
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29 | Why choose terser?
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30 | ------------------
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31 |
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32 | `uglify-es` is [no longer maintained](https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2/issues/3156#issuecomment-392943058) and `uglify-js` does not support ES6+.
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33 |
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34 | **`terser`** is a fork of `uglify-es` that mostly retains API and CLI compatibility
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35 | with `uglify-es` and `uglify-js@3`.
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36 |
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37 | Install
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38 | -------
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39 |
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40 | First make sure you have installed the latest version of [node.js](http://nodejs.org/)
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41 | (You may need to restart your computer after this step).
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42 |
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43 | From NPM for use as a command line app:
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44 |
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45 | npm install terser -g
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46 |
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47 | From NPM for programmatic use:
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48 |
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49 | npm install terser
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50 |
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51 | # Command line usage
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52 |
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53 | terser [input files] [options]
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54 |
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55 | Terser can take multiple input files. It's recommended that you pass the
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56 | input files first, then pass the options. Terser will parse input files
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57 | in sequence and apply any compression options. The files are parsed in the
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58 | same global scope, that is, a reference from a file to some
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59 | variable/function declared in another file will be matched properly.
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60 |
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61 | If no input file is specified, Terser will read from STDIN.
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62 |
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63 | If you wish to pass your options before the input files, separate the two with
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64 | a double dash to prevent input files being used as option arguments:
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65 |
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66 | terser --compress --mangle -- input.js
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67 |
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68 | ### Command line options
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69 |
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70 | ```
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71 | -h, --help Print usage information.
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72 | `--help options` for details on available options.
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73 | -V, --version Print version number.
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74 | -p, --parse <options> Specify parser options:
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75 | `acorn` Use Acorn for parsing.
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76 | `bare_returns` Allow return outside of functions.
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77 | Useful when minifying CommonJS
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78 | modules and Userscripts that may
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79 | be anonymous function wrapped (IIFE)
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80 | by the .user.js engine `caller`.
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81 | `expression` Parse a single expression, rather than
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82 | a program (for parsing JSON).
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83 | `spidermonkey` Assume input files are SpiderMonkey
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84 | AST format (as JSON).
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85 | -c, --compress [options] Enable compressor/specify compressor options:
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86 | `pure_funcs` List of functions that can be safely
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87 | removed when their return values are
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88 | not used.
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89 | -m, --mangle [options] Mangle names/specify mangler options:
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90 | `reserved` List of names that should not be mangled.
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91 | --mangle-props [options] Mangle properties/specify mangler options:
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92 | `builtins` Mangle property names that overlaps
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93 | with standard JavaScript globals.
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94 | `debug` Add debug prefix and suffix.
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95 | `domprops` Mangle property names that overlaps
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96 | with DOM properties.
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97 | `keep_quoted` Only mangle unquoted properties, quoted
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98 | properties are automatically reserved.
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99 | `strict` disables quoted properties
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100 | being automatically reserved.
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101 | `regex` Only mangle matched property names.
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102 | `reserved` List of names that should not be mangled.
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103 | -b, --beautify [options] Specify output options:
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104 | `preamble` Preamble to prepend to the output. You
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105 | can use this to insert a comment, for
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106 | example for licensing information.
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107 | This will not be parsed, but the source
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108 | map will adjust for its presence.
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109 | `quote_style` Quote style:
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110 | 0 - auto
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111 | 1 - single
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112 | 2 - double
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113 | 3 - original
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114 | `wrap_iife` Wrap IIFEs in parenthesis. Note: you may
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115 | want to disable `negate_iife` under
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116 | compressor options.
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117 | `wrap_func_args` Wrap function arguments in parenthesis.
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118 | -o, --output <file> Output file path (default STDOUT). Specify `ast` or
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119 | `spidermonkey` to write Terser or SpiderMonkey AST
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120 | as JSON to STDOUT respectively.
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121 | --comments [filter] Preserve copyright comments in the output. By
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122 | default this works like Google Closure, keeping
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123 | JSDoc-style comments that contain "@license" or
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124 | "@preserve". You can optionally pass one of the
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125 | following arguments to this flag:
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126 | - "all" to keep all comments
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127 | - `false` to omit comments in the output
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128 | - a valid JS RegExp like `/foo/` or `/^!/` to
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129 | keep only matching comments.
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130 | Note that currently not *all* comments can be
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131 | kept when compression is on, because of dead
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132 | code removal or cascading statements into
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133 | sequences.
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134 | --config-file <file> Read `minify()` options from JSON file.
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135 | -d, --define <expr>[=value] Global definitions.
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136 | --ecma <version> Specify ECMAScript release: 5, 6, 7 or 8.
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137 | -e, --enclose [arg[:value]] Embed output in a big function with configurable
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138 | arguments and values.
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139 | --ie8 Support non-standard Internet Explorer 8.
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140 | Equivalent to setting `ie8: true` in `minify()`
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141 | for `compress`, `mangle` and `output` options.
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142 | By default Terser will not try to be IE-proof.
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143 | --keep-classnames Do not mangle/drop class names.
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144 | --keep-fnames Do not mangle/drop function names. Useful for
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145 | code relying on Function.prototype.name.
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146 | --module Input is an ES6 module. If `compress` or `mangle` is
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147 | enabled then the `toplevel` option will be enabled.
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148 | --name-cache <file> File to hold mangled name mappings.
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149 | --safari10 Support non-standard Safari 10/11.
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150 | Equivalent to setting `safari10: true` in `minify()`
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151 | for `mangle` and `output` options.
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152 | By default `terser` will not work around
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153 | Safari 10/11 bugs.
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154 | --source-map [options] Enable source map/specify source map options:
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155 | `base` Path to compute relative paths from input files.
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156 | `content` Input source map, useful if you're compressing
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157 | JS that was generated from some other original
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158 | code. Specify "inline" if the source map is
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159 | included within the sources.
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160 | `filename` Name and/or location of the output source.
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161 | `includeSources` Pass this flag if you want to include
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162 | the content of source files in the
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163 | source map as sourcesContent property.
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164 | `root` Path to the original source to be included in
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165 | the source map.
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166 | `url` If specified, path to the source map to append in
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167 | `//# sourceMappingURL`.
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168 | --timings Display operations run time on STDERR.
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169 | --toplevel Compress and/or mangle variables in top level scope.
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170 | --verbose Print diagnostic messages.
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171 | --warn Print warning messages.
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172 | --wrap <name> Embed everything in a big function, making the
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173 | “exports” and “global” variables available. You
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174 | need to pass an argument to this option to
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175 | specify the name that your module will take
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176 | when included in, say, a browser.
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177 | ```
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178 |
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179 | Specify `--output` (`-o`) to declare the output file. Otherwise the output
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180 | goes to STDOUT.
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181 |
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182 | ## CLI source map options
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183 |
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184 | Terser can generate a source map file, which is highly useful for
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185 | debugging your compressed JavaScript. To get a source map, pass
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186 | `--source-map --output output.js` (source map will be written out to
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187 | `output.js.map`).
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188 |
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189 | Additional options:
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190 |
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191 | - `--source-map "filename='<NAME>'"` to specify the name of the source map.
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192 |
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193 | - `--source-map "root='<URL>'"` to pass the URL where the original files can be found.
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194 |
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195 | - `--source-map "url='<URL>'"` to specify the URL where the source map can be found.
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196 | Otherwise Terser assumes HTTP `X-SourceMap` is being used and will omit the
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197 | `//# sourceMappingURL=` directive.
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198 |
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199 | For example:
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200 |
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201 | terser js/file1.js js/file2.js \
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202 | -o foo.min.js -c -m \
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203 | --source-map "root='http://foo.com/src',url='foo.min.js.map'"
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204 |
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205 | The above will compress and mangle `file1.js` and `file2.js`, will drop the
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206 | output in `foo.min.js` and the source map in `foo.min.js.map`. The source
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207 | mapping will refer to `http://foo.com/src/js/file1.js` and
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208 | `http://foo.com/src/js/file2.js` (in fact it will list `http://foo.com/src`
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209 | as the source map root, and the original files as `js/file1.js` and
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210 | `js/file2.js`).
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211 |
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212 | ### Composed source map
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213 |
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214 | When you're compressing JS code that was output by a compiler such as
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215 | CoffeeScript, mapping to the JS code won't be too helpful. Instead, you'd
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216 | like to map back to the original code (i.e. CoffeeScript). Terser has an
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217 | option to take an input source map. Assuming you have a mapping from
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218 | CoffeeScript → compiled JS, Terser can generate a map from CoffeeScript →
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219 | compressed JS by mapping every token in the compiled JS to its original
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220 | location.
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221 |
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222 | To use this feature pass `--source-map "content='/path/to/input/source.map'"`
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223 | or `--source-map "content=inline"` if the source map is included inline with
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224 | the sources.
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225 |
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226 | ## CLI compress options
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227 |
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228 | You need to pass `--compress` (`-c`) to enable the compressor. Optionally
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229 | you can pass a comma-separated list of [compress options](#compress-options).
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230 |
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231 | Options are in the form `foo=bar`, or just `foo` (the latter implies
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232 | a boolean option that you want to set `true`; it's effectively a
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233 | shortcut for `foo=true`).
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234 |
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235 | Example:
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236 |
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237 | terser file.js -c toplevel,sequences=false
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238 |
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239 | ## CLI mangle options
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240 |
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241 | To enable the mangler you need to pass `--mangle` (`-m`). The following
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242 | (comma-separated) options are supported:
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243 |
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244 | - `toplevel` (default `false`) -- mangle names declared in the top level scope.
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245 |
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246 | - `eval` (default `false`) -- mangle names visible in scopes where `eval` or `with` are used.
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247 |
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248 | When mangling is enabled but you want to prevent certain names from being
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249 | mangled, you can declare those names with `--mangle reserved` — pass a
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250 | comma-separated list of names. For example:
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251 |
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252 | terser ... -m reserved=['$','require','exports']
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253 |
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254 | to prevent the `require`, `exports` and `$` names from being changed.
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255 |
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256 | ### CLI mangling property names (`--mangle-props`)
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257 |
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258 | **Note:** THIS **WILL** BREAK YOUR CODE. A good rule of thumb is not to use this unless you know exactly what you're doing and how this works and read this section until the end.
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259 |
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260 | Mangling property names is a separate step, different from variable name mangling. Pass
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261 | `--mangle-props` to enable it. The least dangerous
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262 | way to use this is to use the `regex` option like so:
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263 |
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264 | ```
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265 | terser example.js -c -m --mangle-props regex=/_$/
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266 | ```
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267 |
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268 | This will mangle all properties that end with an
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269 | underscore. So you can use it to mangle internal methods.
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270 |
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271 | By default, it will mangle all properties in the
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272 | input code with the exception of built in DOM properties and properties
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273 | in core JavaScript classes, which is what will break your code if you don't:
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274 |
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275 | 1. Control all the code you're mangling
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276 | 2. Avoid using a module bundler, as they usually will call Terser on each file individually, making it impossible to pass mangled objects between modules.
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277 | 3. Avoid calling functions like `defineProperty` or `hasOwnProperty`, because they refer to object properties using strings and will break your code if you don't know what you are doing.
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278 |
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279 | An example:
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280 |
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281 | ```javascript
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282 | // example.js
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283 | var x = {
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284 | baz_: 0,
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285 | foo_: 1,
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286 | calc: function() {
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287 | return this.foo_ + this.baz_;
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288 | }
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289 | };
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290 | x.bar_ = 2;
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291 | x["baz_"] = 3;
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292 | console.log(x.calc());
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293 | ```
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294 | Mangle all properties (except for JavaScript `builtins`) (**very** unsafe):
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295 | ```bash
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296 | $ terser example.js -c passes=2 -m --mangle-props
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297 | ```
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298 | ```javascript
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299 | var x={o:3,t:1,i:function(){return this.t+this.o},s:2};console.log(x.i());
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300 | ```
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301 | Mangle all properties except for `reserved` properties (still very unsafe):
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302 | ```bash
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303 | $ terser example.js -c passes=2 -m --mangle-props reserved=[foo_,bar_]
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304 | ```
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305 | ```javascript
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306 | var x={o:3,foo_:1,t:function(){return this.foo_+this.o},bar_:2};console.log(x.t());
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307 | ```
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308 | Mangle all properties matching a `regex` (not as unsafe but still unsafe):
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309 | ```bash
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310 | $ terser example.js -c passes=2 -m --mangle-props regex=/_$/
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311 | ```
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312 | ```javascript
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313 | var x={o:3,t:1,calc:function(){return this.t+this.o},i:2};console.log(x.calc());
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314 | ```
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315 |
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316 | Combining mangle properties options:
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317 | ```bash
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318 | $ terser example.js -c passes=2 -m --mangle-props regex=/_$/,reserved=[bar_]
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319 | ```
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320 | ```javascript
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321 | var x={o:3,t:1,calc:function(){return this.t+this.o},bar_:2};console.log(x.calc());
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322 | ```
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323 |
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324 | In order for this to be of any use, we avoid mangling standard JS names by
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325 | default (`--mangle-props builtins` to override).
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326 |
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327 | A default exclusion file is provided in `tools/domprops.js` which should
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328 | cover most standard JS and DOM properties defined in various browsers. Pass
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329 | `--mangle-props domprops` to disable this feature.
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330 |
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331 | A regular expression can be used to define which property names should be
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332 | mangled. For example, `--mangle-props regex=/^_/` will only mangle property
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333 | names that start with an underscore.
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334 |
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335 | When you compress multiple files using this option, in order for them to
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336 | work together in the end we need to ensure somehow that one property gets
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337 | mangled to the same name in all of them. For this, pass `--name-cache filename.json`
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338 | and Terser will maintain these mappings in a file which can then be reused.
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339 | It should be initially empty. Example:
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340 |
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341 | ```bash
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342 | $ rm -f /tmp/cache.json # start fresh
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343 | $ terser file1.js file2.js --mangle-props --name-cache /tmp/cache.json -o part1.js
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344 | $ terser file3.js file4.js --mangle-props --name-cache /tmp/cache.json -o part2.js
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345 | ```
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346 |
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347 | Now, `part1.js` and `part2.js` will be consistent with each other in terms
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348 | of mangled property names.
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349 |
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350 | Using the name cache is not necessary if you compress all your files in a
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351 | single call to Terser.
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352 |
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353 | ### Mangling unquoted names (`--mangle-props keep_quoted`)
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354 |
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355 | Using quoted property name (`o["foo"]`) reserves the property name (`foo`)
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356 | so that it is not mangled throughout the entire script even when used in an
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357 | unquoted style (`o.foo`). Example:
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358 |
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359 | ```javascript
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360 | // stuff.js
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361 | var o = {
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362 | "foo": 1,
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363 | bar: 3
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364 | };
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365 | o.foo += o.bar;
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366 | console.log(o.foo);
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367 | ```
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368 | ```bash
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369 | $ terser stuff.js --mangle-props keep_quoted -c -m
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370 | ```
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371 | ```javascript
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372 | var o={foo:1,o:3};o.foo+=o.o,console.log(o.foo);
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373 | ```
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374 |
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375 | ### Debugging property name mangling
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376 |
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377 | You can also pass `--mangle-props debug` in order to mangle property names
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378 | without completely obscuring them. For example the property `o.foo`
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379 | would mangle to `o._$foo$_` with this option. This allows property mangling
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380 | of a large codebase while still being able to debug the code and identify
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381 | where mangling is breaking things.
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382 |
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383 | ```bash
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384 | $ terser stuff.js --mangle-props debug -c -m
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385 | ```
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386 | ```javascript
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387 | var o={_$foo$_:1,_$bar$_:3};o._$foo$_+=o._$bar$_,console.log(o._$foo$_);
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388 | ```
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389 |
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390 | You can also pass a custom suffix using `--mangle-props debug=XYZ`. This would then
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391 | mangle `o.foo` to `o._$foo$XYZ_`. You can change this each time you compile a
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392 | script to identify how a property got mangled. One technique is to pass a
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393 | random number on every compile to simulate mangling changing with different
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394 | inputs (e.g. as you update the input script with new properties), and to help
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395 | identify mistakes like writing mangled keys to storage.
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396 |
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397 |
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398 | # API Reference
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399 |
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400 | Assuming installation via NPM, you can load Terser in your application
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401 | like this:
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402 | ```javascript
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403 | var Terser = require("terser");
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404 | ```
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405 | Browser loading is also supported:
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406 | ```html
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407 | <script src="node_modules/source-map/dist/source-map.min.js"></script>
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408 | <script src="dist/bundle.min.js"></script>
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409 | ```
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410 |
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411 | There is a single high level function, **`minify(code, options)`**,
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412 | which will perform all minification [phases](#minify-options) in a configurable
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413 | manner. By default `minify()` will enable the options [`compress`](#compress-options)
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414 | and [`mangle`](#mangle-options). Example:
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415 | ```javascript
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416 | var code = "function add(first, second) { return first + second; }";
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417 | var result = Terser.minify(code);
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418 | console.log(result.error); // runtime error, or `undefined` if no error
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419 | console.log(result.code); // minified output: function add(n,d){return n+d}
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420 | ```
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421 |
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422 | You can `minify` more than one JavaScript file at a time by using an object
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423 | for the first argument where the keys are file names and the values are source
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424 | code:
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425 | ```javascript
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426 | var code = {
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427 | "file1.js": "function add(first, second) { return first + second; }",
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428 | "file2.js": "console.log(add(1 + 2, 3 + 4));"
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429 | };
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430 | var result = Terser.minify(code);
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431 | console.log(result.code);
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432 | // function add(d,n){return d+n}console.log(add(3,7));
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433 | ```
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434 |
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435 | The `toplevel` option:
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436 | ```javascript
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437 | var code = {
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438 | "file1.js": "function add(first, second) { return first + second; }",
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439 | "file2.js": "console.log(add(1 + 2, 3 + 4));"
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440 | };
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441 | var options = { toplevel: true };
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442 | var result = Terser.minify(code, options);
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443 | console.log(result.code);
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444 | // console.log(3+7);
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445 | ```
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446 |
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447 | The `nameCache` option:
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448 | ```javascript
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449 | var options = {
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450 | mangle: {
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451 | toplevel: true,
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452 | },
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453 | nameCache: {}
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454 | };
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455 | var result1 = Terser.minify({
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456 | "file1.js": "function add(first, second) { return first + second; }"
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457 | }, options);
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458 | var result2 = Terser.minify({
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459 | "file2.js": "console.log(add(1 + 2, 3 + 4));"
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460 | }, options);
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461 | console.log(result1.code);
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462 | // function n(n,r){return n+r}
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463 | console.log(result2.code);
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464 | // console.log(n(3,7));
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465 | ```
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466 |
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467 | You may persist the name cache to the file system in the following way:
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468 | ```javascript
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469 | var cacheFileName = "/tmp/cache.json";
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470 | var options = {
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471 | mangle: {
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472 | properties: true,
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473 | },
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474 | nameCache: JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(cacheFileName, "utf8"))
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475 | };
|
476 | fs.writeFileSync("part1.js", Terser.minify({
|
477 | "file1.js": fs.readFileSync("file1.js", "utf8"),
|
478 | "file2.js": fs.readFileSync("file2.js", "utf8")
|
479 | }, options).code, "utf8");
|
480 | fs.writeFileSync("part2.js", Terser.minify({
|
481 | "file3.js": fs.readFileSync("file3.js", "utf8"),
|
482 | "file4.js": fs.readFileSync("file4.js", "utf8")
|
483 | }, options).code, "utf8");
|
484 | fs.writeFileSync(cacheFileName, JSON.stringify(options.nameCache), "utf8");
|
485 | ```
|
486 |
|
487 | An example of a combination of `minify()` options:
|
488 | ```javascript
|
489 | var code = {
|
490 | "file1.js": "function add(first, second) { return first + second; }",
|
491 | "file2.js": "console.log(add(1 + 2, 3 + 4));"
|
492 | };
|
493 | var options = {
|
494 | toplevel: true,
|
495 | compress: {
|
496 | global_defs: {
|
497 | "@console.log": "alert"
|
498 | },
|
499 | passes: 2
|
500 | },
|
501 | output: {
|
502 | beautify: false,
|
503 | preamble: "/* minified */"
|
504 | }
|
505 | };
|
506 | var result = Terser.minify(code, options);
|
507 | console.log(result.code);
|
508 | // /* minified */
|
509 | // alert(10);"
|
510 | ```
|
511 |
|
512 | To produce warnings:
|
513 | ```javascript
|
514 | var code = "function f(){ var u; return 2 + 3; }";
|
515 | var options = { warnings: true };
|
516 | var result = Terser.minify(code, options);
|
517 | console.log(result.error); // runtime error, `undefined` in this case
|
518 | console.log(result.warnings); // [ 'Dropping unused variable u [0:1,18]' ]
|
519 | console.log(result.code); // function f(){return 5}
|
520 | ```
|
521 |
|
522 | An error example:
|
523 | ```javascript
|
524 | var result = Terser.minify({"foo.js" : "if (0) else console.log(1);"});
|
525 | console.log(JSON.stringify(result.error));
|
526 | // {"message":"Unexpected token: keyword (else)","filename":"foo.js","line":1,"col":7,"pos":7}
|
527 | ```
|
528 | Note: unlike `uglify-js@2.x`, the Terser API does not throw errors.
|
529 | To achieve a similar effect one could do the following:
|
530 | ```javascript
|
531 | var result = Terser.minify(code, options);
|
532 | if (result.error) throw result.error;
|
533 | ```
|
534 |
|
535 | ## Minify options
|
536 |
|
537 | - `ecma` (default `undefined`) - pass `5`, `2015`, `2016` or `2017` to override `parse`,
|
538 | `compress` and `output`'s `ecma` options.
|
539 |
|
540 | - `warnings` (default `false`) — pass `true` to return compressor warnings
|
541 | in `result.warnings`. Use the value `"verbose"` for more detailed warnings.
|
542 |
|
543 | - `parse` (default `{}`) — pass an object if you wish to specify some
|
544 | additional [parse options](#parse-options).
|
545 |
|
546 | - `compress` (default `{}`) — pass `false` to skip compressing entirely.
|
547 | Pass an object to specify custom [compress options](#compress-options).
|
548 |
|
549 | - `mangle` (default `true`) — pass `false` to skip mangling names, or pass
|
550 | an object to specify [mangle options](#mangle-options) (see below).
|
551 |
|
552 | - `mangle.properties` (default `false`) — a subcategory of the mangle option.
|
553 | Pass an object to specify custom [mangle property options](#mangle-properties-options).
|
554 |
|
555 | - `module` (default `false`) — Use when minifying an ES6 module. "use strict"
|
556 | is implied and names can be mangled on the top scope. If `compress` or
|
557 | `mangle` is enabled then the `toplevel` option will be enabled.
|
558 |
|
559 | - `output` (default `null`) — pass an object if you wish to specify
|
560 | additional [output options](#output-options). The defaults are optimized
|
561 | for best compression.
|
562 |
|
563 | - `sourceMap` (default `false`) - pass an object if you wish to specify
|
564 | [source map options](#source-map-options).
|
565 |
|
566 | - `toplevel` (default `false`) - set to `true` if you wish to enable top level
|
567 | variable and function name mangling and to drop unused variables and functions.
|
568 |
|
569 | - `nameCache` (default `null`) - pass an empty object `{}` or a previously
|
570 | used `nameCache` object if you wish to cache mangled variable and
|
571 | property names across multiple invocations of `minify()`. Note: this is
|
572 | a read/write property. `minify()` will read the name cache state of this
|
573 | object and update it during minification so that it may be
|
574 | reused or externally persisted by the user.
|
575 |
|
576 | - `ie8` (default `false`) - set to `true` to support IE8.
|
577 |
|
578 | - `keep_classnames` (default: `undefined`) - pass `true` to prevent discarding or mangling
|
579 | of class names. Pass a regular expression to only keep class names matching that regex.
|
580 |
|
581 | - `keep_fnames` (default: `false`) - pass `true` to prevent discarding or mangling
|
582 | of function names. Pass a regular expression to only keep class names matching that regex.
|
583 | Useful for code relying on `Function.prototype.name`. If the top level minify option
|
584 | `keep_classnames` is `undefined` it will be overridden with the value of the top level
|
585 | minify option `keep_fnames`.
|
586 |
|
587 | - `safari10` (default: `false`) - pass `true` to work around Safari 10/11 bugs in
|
588 | loop scoping and `await`. See `safari10` options in [`mangle`](#mangle-options)
|
589 | and [`output`](#output-options) for details.
|
590 |
|
591 | ## Minify options structure
|
592 |
|
593 | ```javascript
|
594 | {
|
595 | parse: {
|
596 | // parse options
|
597 | },
|
598 | compress: {
|
599 | // compress options
|
600 | },
|
601 | mangle: {
|
602 | // mangle options
|
603 |
|
604 | properties: {
|
605 | // mangle property options
|
606 | }
|
607 | },
|
608 | output: {
|
609 | // output options
|
610 | },
|
611 | sourceMap: {
|
612 | // source map options
|
613 | },
|
614 | ecma: 5, // specify one of: 5, 2015, 2016, 2017 or 2018
|
615 | keep_classnames: false,
|
616 | keep_fnames: false,
|
617 | ie8: false,
|
618 | module: false,
|
619 | nameCache: null, // or specify a name cache object
|
620 | safari10: false,
|
621 | toplevel: false,
|
622 | warnings: false,
|
623 | }
|
624 | ```
|
625 |
|
626 | ### Source map options
|
627 |
|
628 | To generate a source map:
|
629 | ```javascript
|
630 | var result = Terser.minify({"file1.js": "var a = function() {};"}, {
|
631 | sourceMap: {
|
632 | filename: "out.js",
|
633 | url: "out.js.map"
|
634 | }
|
635 | });
|
636 | console.log(result.code); // minified output
|
637 | console.log(result.map); // source map
|
638 | ```
|
639 |
|
640 | Note that the source map is not saved in a file, it's just returned in
|
641 | `result.map`. The value passed for `sourceMap.url` is only used to set
|
642 | `//# sourceMappingURL=out.js.map` in `result.code`. The value of
|
643 | `filename` is only used to set `file` attribute (see [the spec][sm-spec])
|
644 | in source map file.
|
645 |
|
646 | You can set option `sourceMap.url` to be `"inline"` and source map will
|
647 | be appended to code.
|
648 |
|
649 | You can also specify sourceRoot property to be included in source map:
|
650 | ```javascript
|
651 | var result = Terser.minify({"file1.js": "var a = function() {};"}, {
|
652 | sourceMap: {
|
653 | root: "http://example.com/src",
|
654 | url: "out.js.map"
|
655 | }
|
656 | });
|
657 | ```
|
658 |
|
659 | If you're compressing compiled JavaScript and have a source map for it, you
|
660 | can use `sourceMap.content`:
|
661 | ```javascript
|
662 | var result = Terser.minify({"compiled.js": "compiled code"}, {
|
663 | sourceMap: {
|
664 | content: "content from compiled.js.map",
|
665 | url: "minified.js.map"
|
666 | }
|
667 | });
|
668 | // same as before, it returns `code` and `map`
|
669 | ```
|
670 |
|
671 | If you're using the `X-SourceMap` header instead, you can just omit `sourceMap.url`.
|
672 |
|
673 | If you happen to need the source map as a raw object, set `sourceMap.asObject` to `true`.
|
674 |
|
675 | ## Parse options
|
676 |
|
677 | - `bare_returns` (default `false`) -- support top level `return` statements
|
678 |
|
679 | - `ecma` (default: `2017`) -- specify one of `5`, `2015`, `2016` or `2017`. Note: this setting
|
680 | is not presently enforced except for ES8 optional trailing commas in function
|
681 | parameter lists and calls with `ecma` `2017`.
|
682 |
|
683 | - `html5_comments` (default `true`)
|
684 |
|
685 | - `shebang` (default `true`) -- support `#!command` as the first line
|
686 |
|
687 | ## Compress options
|
688 |
|
689 | - `arrows` (default: `true`) -- Class and object literal methods are converted
|
690 | will also be converted to arrow expressions if the resultant code is shorter:
|
691 | `m(){return x}` becomes `m:()=>x`. To do this to regular ES5 functions which
|
692 | don't use `this` or `arguments`, see `unsafe_arrows`.
|
693 |
|
694 | - `arguments` (default: `false`) -- replace `arguments[index]` with function
|
695 | parameter name whenever possible.
|
696 |
|
697 | - `booleans` (default: `true`) -- various optimizations for boolean context,
|
698 | for example `!!a ? b : c → a ? b : c`
|
699 |
|
700 | - `booleans_as_integers` (default: `false`) -- Turn booleans into 0 and 1, also
|
701 | makes comparisons with booleans use `==` and `!=` instead of `===` and `!==`.
|
702 |
|
703 | - `collapse_vars` (default: `true`) -- Collapse single-use non-constant variables,
|
704 | side effects permitting.
|
705 |
|
706 | - `comparisons` (default: `true`) -- apply certain optimizations to binary nodes,
|
707 | e.g. `!(a <= b) → a > b` (only when `unsafe_comps`), attempts to negate binary
|
708 | nodes, e.g. `a = !b && !c && !d && !e → a=!(b||c||d||e)` etc.
|
709 |
|
710 | - `computed_props` (default: `true`) -- Transforms constant computed properties
|
711 | into regular ones: `{["computed"]: 1}` is converted to `{computed: 1}`.
|
712 |
|
713 | - `conditionals` (default: `true`) -- apply optimizations for `if`-s and conditional
|
714 | expressions
|
715 |
|
716 | - `dead_code` (default: `true`) -- remove unreachable code
|
717 |
|
718 | - `defaults` (default: `true`) -- Pass `false` to disable most default
|
719 | enabled `compress` transforms. Useful when you only want to enable a few
|
720 | `compress` options while disabling the rest.
|
721 |
|
722 | - `directives` (default: `true`) -- remove redundant or non-standard directives
|
723 |
|
724 | - `drop_console` (default: `false`) -- Pass `true` to discard calls to
|
725 | `console.*` functions. If you wish to drop a specific function call
|
726 | such as `console.info` and/or retain side effects from function arguments
|
727 | after dropping the function call then use `pure_funcs` instead.
|
728 |
|
729 | - `drop_debugger` (default: `true`) -- remove `debugger;` statements
|
730 |
|
731 | - `ecma` (default: `5`) -- Pass `2015` or greater to enable `compress` options that
|
732 | will transform ES5 code into smaller ES6+ equivalent forms.
|
733 |
|
734 | - `evaluate` (default: `true`) -- attempt to evaluate constant expressions
|
735 |
|
736 | - `expression` (default: `false`) -- Pass `true` to preserve completion values
|
737 | from terminal statements without `return`, e.g. in bookmarklets.
|
738 |
|
739 | - `global_defs` (default: `{}`) -- see [conditional compilation](#conditional-compilation)
|
740 |
|
741 | - `hoist_funs` (default: `false`) -- hoist function declarations
|
742 |
|
743 | - `hoist_props` (default: `true`) -- hoist properties from constant object and
|
744 | array literals into regular variables subject to a set of constraints. For example:
|
745 | `var o={p:1, q:2}; f(o.p, o.q);` is converted to `f(1, 2);`. Note: `hoist_props`
|
746 | works best with `mangle` enabled, the `compress` option `passes` set to `2` or higher,
|
747 | and the `compress` option `toplevel` enabled.
|
748 |
|
749 | - `hoist_vars` (default: `false`) -- hoist `var` declarations (this is `false`
|
750 | by default because it seems to increase the size of the output in general)
|
751 |
|
752 | - `if_return` (default: `true`) -- optimizations for if/return and if/continue
|
753 |
|
754 | - `inline` (default: `true`) -- inline calls to function with simple/`return` statement:
|
755 | - `false` -- same as `0`
|
756 | - `0` -- disabled inlining
|
757 | - `1` -- inline simple functions
|
758 | - `2` -- inline functions with arguments
|
759 | - `3` -- inline functions with arguments and variables
|
760 | - `true` -- same as `3`
|
761 |
|
762 | - `join_vars` (default: `true`) -- join consecutive `var` statements
|
763 |
|
764 | - `keep_classnames` (default: `false`) -- Pass `true` to prevent the compressor from
|
765 | discarding class names. Pass a regular expression to only keep class names matching
|
766 | that regex. See also: the `keep_classnames` [mangle option](#mangle).
|
767 |
|
768 | - `keep_fargs` (default: `true`) -- Prevents the compressor from discarding unused
|
769 | function arguments. You need this for code which relies on `Function.length`.
|
770 |
|
771 | - `keep_fnames` (default: `false`) -- Pass `true` to prevent the
|
772 | compressor from discarding function names. Pass a regular expression to only keep
|
773 | function names matching that regex. Useful for code relying on `Function.prototype.name`.
|
774 | See also: the `keep_fnames` [mangle option](#mangle).
|
775 |
|
776 | - `keep_infinity` (default: `false`) -- Pass `true` to prevent `Infinity` from
|
777 | being compressed into `1/0`, which may cause performance issues on Chrome.
|
778 |
|
779 | - `loops` (default: `true`) -- optimizations for `do`, `while` and `for` loops
|
780 | when we can statically determine the condition.
|
781 |
|
782 | - `module` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` when compressing an ES6 module. Strict
|
783 | mode is implied and the `toplevel` option as well.
|
784 |
|
785 | - `negate_iife` (default: `true`) -- negate "Immediately-Called Function Expressions"
|
786 | where the return value is discarded, to avoid the parens that the
|
787 | code generator would insert.
|
788 |
|
789 | - `passes` (default: `1`) -- The maximum number of times to run compress.
|
790 | In some cases more than one pass leads to further compressed code. Keep in
|
791 | mind more passes will take more time.
|
792 |
|
793 | - `properties` (default: `true`) -- rewrite property access using the dot notation, for
|
794 | example `foo["bar"] → foo.bar`
|
795 |
|
796 | - `pure_funcs` (default: `null`) -- You can pass an array of names and
|
797 | Terser will assume that those functions do not produce side
|
798 | effects. DANGER: will not check if the name is redefined in scope.
|
799 | An example case here, for instance `var q = Math.floor(a/b)`. If
|
800 | variable `q` is not used elsewhere, Terser will drop it, but will
|
801 | still keep the `Math.floor(a/b)`, not knowing what it does. You can
|
802 | pass `pure_funcs: [ 'Math.floor' ]` to let it know that this
|
803 | function won't produce any side effect, in which case the whole
|
804 | statement would get discarded. The current implementation adds some
|
805 | overhead (compression will be slower).
|
806 |
|
807 | - `pure_getters` (default: `"strict"`) -- If you pass `true` for
|
808 | this, Terser will assume that object property access
|
809 | (e.g. `foo.bar` or `foo["bar"]`) doesn't have any side effects.
|
810 | Specify `"strict"` to treat `foo.bar` as side-effect-free only when
|
811 | `foo` is certain to not throw, i.e. not `null` or `undefined`.
|
812 |
|
813 | - `reduce_funcs` (legacy option, safely ignored for backwards compatibility).
|
814 |
|
815 | - `reduce_vars` (default: `true`) -- Improve optimization on variables assigned with and
|
816 | used as constant values.
|
817 |
|
818 | - `sequences` (default: `true`) -- join consecutive simple statements using the
|
819 | comma operator. May be set to a positive integer to specify the maximum number
|
820 | of consecutive comma sequences that will be generated. If this option is set to
|
821 | `true` then the default `sequences` limit is `200`. Set option to `false` or `0`
|
822 | to disable. The smallest `sequences` length is `2`. A `sequences` value of `1`
|
823 | is grandfathered to be equivalent to `true` and as such means `200`. On rare
|
824 | occasions the default sequences limit leads to very slow compress times in which
|
825 | case a value of `20` or less is recommended.
|
826 |
|
827 | - `side_effects` (default: `true`) -- Pass `false` to disable potentially dropping
|
828 | function calls marked as "pure". A function call is marked as "pure" if a comment
|
829 | annotation `/*@__PURE__*/` or `/*#__PURE__*/` immediately precedes the call. For
|
830 | example: `/*@__PURE__*/foo();`
|
831 |
|
832 | - `switches` (default: `true`) -- de-duplicate and remove unreachable `switch` branches
|
833 |
|
834 | - `toplevel` (default: `false`) -- drop unreferenced functions (`"funcs"`) and/or
|
835 | variables (`"vars"`) in the top level scope (`false` by default, `true` to drop
|
836 | both unreferenced functions and variables)
|
837 |
|
838 | - `top_retain` (default: `null`) -- prevent specific toplevel functions and
|
839 | variables from `unused` removal (can be array, comma-separated, RegExp or
|
840 | function. Implies `toplevel`)
|
841 |
|
842 | - `typeofs` (default: `true`) -- Transforms `typeof foo == "undefined"` into
|
843 | `foo === void 0`. Note: recommend to set this value to `false` for IE10 and
|
844 | earlier versions due to known issues.
|
845 |
|
846 | - `unsafe` (default: `false`) -- apply "unsafe" transformations
|
847 | ([details](#the-unsafe-compress-option)).
|
848 |
|
849 | - `unsafe_arrows` (default: `false`) -- Convert ES5 style anonymous function
|
850 | expressions to arrow functions if the function body does not reference `this`.
|
851 | Note: it is not always safe to perform this conversion if code relies on the
|
852 | the function having a `prototype`, which arrow functions lack.
|
853 | This transform requires that the `ecma` compress option is set to `2015` or greater.
|
854 |
|
855 | - `unsafe_comps` (default: `false`) -- Reverse `<` and `<=` to `>` and `>=` to
|
856 | allow improved compression. This might be unsafe when an at least one of two
|
857 | operands is an object with computed values due the use of methods like `get`,
|
858 | or `valueOf`. This could cause change in execution order after operands in the
|
859 | comparison are switching. Compression only works if both `comparisons` and
|
860 | `unsafe_comps` are both set to true.
|
861 |
|
862 | - `unsafe_Function` (default: `false`) -- compress and mangle `Function(args, code)`
|
863 | when both `args` and `code` are string literals.
|
864 |
|
865 | - `unsafe_math` (default: `false`) -- optimize numerical expressions like
|
866 | `2 * x * 3` into `6 * x`, which may give imprecise floating point results.
|
867 |
|
868 | - `unsafe_methods` (default: false) -- Converts `{ m: function(){} }` to
|
869 | `{ m(){} }`. `ecma` must be set to `6` or greater to enable this transform.
|
870 | If `unsafe_methods` is a RegExp then key/value pairs with keys matching the
|
871 | RegExp will be converted to concise methods.
|
872 | Note: if enabled there is a risk of getting a "`<method name>` is not a
|
873 | constructor" TypeError should any code try to `new` the former function.
|
874 |
|
875 | - `unsafe_proto` (default: `false`) -- optimize expressions like
|
876 | `Array.prototype.slice.call(a)` into `[].slice.call(a)`
|
877 |
|
878 | - `unsafe_regexp` (default: `false`) -- enable substitutions of variables with
|
879 | `RegExp` values the same way as if they are constants.
|
880 |
|
881 | - `unsafe_undefined` (default: `false`) -- substitute `void 0` if there is a
|
882 | variable named `undefined` in scope (variable name will be mangled, typically
|
883 | reduced to a single character)
|
884 |
|
885 | - `unused` (default: `true`) -- drop unreferenced functions and variables (simple
|
886 | direct variable assignments do not count as references unless set to `"keep_assign"`)
|
887 |
|
888 | - `warnings` (default: `false`) -- display warnings when dropping unreachable
|
889 | code or unused declarations etc.
|
890 |
|
891 | ## Mangle options
|
892 |
|
893 | - `eval` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` to mangle names visible in scopes
|
894 | where `eval` or `with` are used.
|
895 |
|
896 | - `keep_classnames` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` to not mangle class names.
|
897 | Pass a regular expression to only keep class names matching that regex.
|
898 | See also: the `keep_classnames` [compress option](#compress-options).
|
899 |
|
900 | - `keep_fnames` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` to not mangle function names.
|
901 | Pass a regular expression to only keep class names matching that regex.
|
902 | Useful for code relying on `Function.prototype.name`. See also: the `keep_fnames`
|
903 | [compress option](#compress-options).
|
904 |
|
905 | - `module` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` an ES6 modules, where the toplevel
|
906 | scope is not the global scope. Implies `toplevel`.
|
907 |
|
908 | - `reserved` (default `[]`) -- Pass an array of identifiers that should be
|
909 | excluded from mangling. Example: `["foo", "bar"]`.
|
910 |
|
911 | - `toplevel` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` to mangle names declared in the
|
912 | top level scope.
|
913 |
|
914 | - `safari10` (default `false`) -- Pass `true` to work around the Safari 10 loop
|
915 | iterator [bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=171041)
|
916 | "Cannot declare a let variable twice".
|
917 | See also: the `safari10` [output option](#output-options).
|
918 |
|
919 | Examples:
|
920 |
|
921 | ```javascript
|
922 | // test.js
|
923 | var globalVar;
|
924 | function funcName(firstLongName, anotherLongName) {
|
925 | var myVariable = firstLongName + anotherLongName;
|
926 | }
|
927 | ```
|
928 | ```javascript
|
929 | var code = fs.readFileSync("test.js", "utf8");
|
930 |
|
931 | Terser.minify(code).code;
|
932 | // 'function funcName(a,n){}var globalVar;'
|
933 |
|
934 | Terser.minify(code, { mangle: { reserved: ['firstLongName'] } }).code;
|
935 | // 'function funcName(firstLongName,a){}var globalVar;'
|
936 |
|
937 | Terser.minify(code, { mangle: { toplevel: true } }).code;
|
938 | // 'function n(n,a){}var a;'
|
939 | ```
|
940 |
|
941 | ### Mangle properties options
|
942 |
|
943 | - `builtins` (default: `false`) — Use `true` to allow the mangling of builtin
|
944 | DOM properties. Not recommended to override this setting.
|
945 |
|
946 | - `debug` (default: `false`) — Mangle names with the original name still present.
|
947 | Pass an empty string `""` to enable, or a non-empty string to set the debug suffix.
|
948 |
|
949 | - `keep_quoted` (default: `false`) — Only mangle unquoted property names.
|
950 | - `true` -- Quoted property names are automatically reserved and any unquoted
|
951 | property names will not be mangled.
|
952 | - `"strict"` -- Advanced, all unquoted property names are mangled unless
|
953 | explicitly reserved.
|
954 |
|
955 | - `regex` (default: `null`) — Pass a [RegExp literal or pattern string](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp) to only mangle property matching the regular expression.
|
956 |
|
957 | - `reserved` (default: `[]`) — Do not mangle property names listed in the
|
958 | `reserved` array.
|
959 |
|
960 | - `undeclared` (default: `false`) - Mangle those names when they are accessed
|
961 | as properties of known top level variables but their declarations are never
|
962 | found in input code. May be useful when only minifying parts of a project.
|
963 | See [#397](https://github.com/terser/terser/issues/397) for more details.
|
964 |
|
965 | ## Output options
|
966 |
|
967 | The code generator tries to output shortest code possible by default. In
|
968 | case you want beautified output, pass `--beautify` (`-b`). Optionally you
|
969 | can pass additional arguments that control the code output:
|
970 |
|
971 | - `ascii_only` (default `false`) -- escape Unicode characters in strings and
|
972 | regexps (affects directives with non-ascii characters becoming invalid)
|
973 |
|
974 | - `beautify` (default `true`) -- whether to actually beautify the output.
|
975 | Passing `-b` will set this to true, but you might need to pass `-b` even
|
976 | when you want to generate minified code, in order to specify additional
|
977 | arguments, so you can use `-b beautify=false` to override it.
|
978 |
|
979 | - `braces` (default `false`) -- always insert braces in `if`, `for`,
|
980 | `do`, `while` or `with` statements, even if their body is a single
|
981 | statement.
|
982 |
|
983 | - `comments` (default `"some"`) -- by default it keeps JSDoc-style comments
|
984 | that contain "@license" or "@preserve", pass `true` or `"all"` to preserve all
|
985 | comments, `false` to omit comments in the output, a regular expression string
|
986 | (e.g. `/^!/`) or a function.
|
987 |
|
988 | - `ecma` (default `5`) -- set output printing mode. Set `ecma` to `2015` or
|
989 | greater to emit shorthand object properties - i.e.: `{a}` instead of `{a: a}`.
|
990 | The `ecma` option will only change the output in direct control of the
|
991 | beautifier. Non-compatible features in the abstract syntax tree will still
|
992 | be output as is. For example: an `ecma` setting of `5` will **not** convert
|
993 | ES6+ code to ES5.
|
994 |
|
995 | - `indent_level` (default `4`)
|
996 |
|
997 | - `indent_start` (default `0`) -- prefix all lines by that many spaces
|
998 |
|
999 | - `inline_script` (default `true`) -- escape HTML comments and the slash in
|
1000 | occurrences of `</script>` in strings
|
1001 |
|
1002 | - `keep_numbers` (default `false`) -- keep number literals as it was in original code
|
1003 | (disables optimizations like converting `1000000` into `1e6`)
|
1004 |
|
1005 | - `keep_quoted_props` (default `false`) -- when turned on, prevents stripping
|
1006 | quotes from property names in object literals.
|
1007 |
|
1008 | - `max_line_len` (default `false`) -- maximum line length (for minified code)
|
1009 |
|
1010 | - `preamble` (default `null`) -- when passed it must be a string and
|
1011 | it will be prepended to the output literally. The source map will
|
1012 | adjust for this text. Can be used to insert a comment containing
|
1013 | licensing information, for example.
|
1014 |
|
1015 | - `quote_keys` (default `false`) -- pass `true` to quote all keys in literal
|
1016 | objects
|
1017 |
|
1018 | - `quote_style` (default `0`) -- preferred quote style for strings (affects
|
1019 | quoted property names and directives as well):
|
1020 | - `0` -- prefers double quotes, switches to single quotes when there are
|
1021 | more double quotes in the string itself. `0` is best for gzip size.
|
1022 | - `1` -- always use single quotes
|
1023 | - `2` -- always use double quotes
|
1024 | - `3` -- always use the original quotes
|
1025 |
|
1026 | - `safari10` (default `false`) -- set this option to `true` to work around
|
1027 | the [Safari 10/11 await bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=176685).
|
1028 | See also: the `safari10` [mangle option](#mangle-options).
|
1029 |
|
1030 | - `semicolons` (default `true`) -- separate statements with semicolons. If
|
1031 | you pass `false` then whenever possible we will use a newline instead of a
|
1032 | semicolon, leading to more readable output of minified code (size before
|
1033 | gzip could be smaller; size after gzip insignificantly larger).
|
1034 |
|
1035 | - `shebang` (default `true`) -- preserve shebang `#!` in preamble (bash scripts)
|
1036 |
|
1037 | - `webkit` (default `false`) -- enable workarounds for WebKit bugs.
|
1038 | PhantomJS users should set this option to `true`.
|
1039 |
|
1040 | - `wrap_iife` (default `false`) -- pass `true` to wrap immediately invoked
|
1041 | function expressions. See
|
1042 | [#640](https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2/issues/640) for more details.
|
1043 |
|
1044 | - `wrap_func_args` (default `true`) -- pass `false` if you do not want to wrap
|
1045 | function expressions that are passed as arguments, in parenthesis. See
|
1046 | [OptimizeJS](https://github.com/nolanlawson/optimize-js) for more details.
|
1047 |
|
1048 | # Miscellaneous
|
1049 |
|
1050 | ### Keeping copyright notices or other comments
|
1051 |
|
1052 | You can pass `--comments` to retain certain comments in the output. By
|
1053 | default it will keep JSDoc-style comments that contain "@preserve",
|
1054 | "@license" or "@cc_on" (conditional compilation for IE). You can pass
|
1055 | `--comments all` to keep all the comments, or a valid JavaScript regexp to
|
1056 | keep only comments that match this regexp. For example `--comments /^!/`
|
1057 | will keep comments like `/*! Copyright Notice */`.
|
1058 |
|
1059 | Note, however, that there might be situations where comments are lost. For
|
1060 | example:
|
1061 | ```javascript
|
1062 | function f() {
|
1063 | /** @preserve Foo Bar */
|
1064 | function g() {
|
1065 | // this function is never called
|
1066 | }
|
1067 | return something();
|
1068 | }
|
1069 | ```
|
1070 |
|
1071 | Even though it has "@preserve", the comment will be lost because the inner
|
1072 | function `g` (which is the AST node to which the comment is attached to) is
|
1073 | discarded by the compressor as not referenced.
|
1074 |
|
1075 | The safest comments where to place copyright information (or other info that
|
1076 | needs to be kept in the output) are comments attached to toplevel nodes.
|
1077 |
|
1078 | ### The `unsafe` `compress` option
|
1079 |
|
1080 | It enables some transformations that *might* break code logic in certain
|
1081 | contrived cases, but should be fine for most code. It assumes that standard
|
1082 | built-in ECMAScript functions and classes have not been altered or replaced.
|
1083 | You might want to try it on your own code; it should reduce the minified size.
|
1084 | Some examples of the optimizations made when this option is enabled:
|
1085 |
|
1086 | - `new Array(1, 2, 3)` or `Array(1, 2, 3)` → `[ 1, 2, 3 ]`
|
1087 | - `new Object()` → `{}`
|
1088 | - `String(exp)` or `exp.toString()` → `"" + exp`
|
1089 | - `new Object/RegExp/Function/Error/Array (...)` → we discard the `new`
|
1090 | - `"foo bar".substr(4)` → `"bar"`
|
1091 |
|
1092 | ### Conditional compilation
|
1093 |
|
1094 | You can use the `--define` (`-d`) switch in order to declare global
|
1095 | variables that Terser will assume to be constants (unless defined in
|
1096 | scope). For example if you pass `--define DEBUG=false` then, coupled with
|
1097 | dead code removal Terser will discard the following from the output:
|
1098 | ```javascript
|
1099 | if (DEBUG) {
|
1100 | console.log("debug stuff");
|
1101 | }
|
1102 | ```
|
1103 |
|
1104 | You can specify nested constants in the form of `--define env.DEBUG=false`.
|
1105 |
|
1106 | Terser will warn about the condition being always false and about dropping
|
1107 | unreachable code; for now there is no option to turn off only this specific
|
1108 | warning, you can pass `warnings=false` to turn off *all* warnings.
|
1109 |
|
1110 | Another way of doing that is to declare your globals as constants in a
|
1111 | separate file and include it into the build. For example you can have a
|
1112 | `build/defines.js` file with the following:
|
1113 | ```javascript
|
1114 | var DEBUG = false;
|
1115 | var PRODUCTION = true;
|
1116 | // etc.
|
1117 | ```
|
1118 |
|
1119 | and build your code like this:
|
1120 |
|
1121 | terser build/defines.js js/foo.js js/bar.js... -c
|
1122 |
|
1123 | Terser will notice the constants and, since they cannot be altered, it
|
1124 | will evaluate references to them to the value itself and drop unreachable
|
1125 | code as usual. The build will contain the `const` declarations if you use
|
1126 | them. If you are targeting < ES6 environments which does not support `const`,
|
1127 | using `var` with `reduce_vars` (enabled by default) should suffice.
|
1128 |
|
1129 | ### Conditional compilation API
|
1130 |
|
1131 | You can also use conditional compilation via the programmatic API. With the difference that the
|
1132 | property name is `global_defs` and is a compressor property:
|
1133 |
|
1134 | ```javascript
|
1135 | var result = Terser.minify(fs.readFileSync("input.js", "utf8"), {
|
1136 | compress: {
|
1137 | dead_code: true,
|
1138 | global_defs: {
|
1139 | DEBUG: false
|
1140 | }
|
1141 | }
|
1142 | });
|
1143 | ```
|
1144 |
|
1145 | To replace an identifier with an arbitrary non-constant expression it is
|
1146 | necessary to prefix the `global_defs` key with `"@"` to instruct Terser
|
1147 | to parse the value as an expression:
|
1148 | ```javascript
|
1149 | Terser.minify("alert('hello');", {
|
1150 | compress: {
|
1151 | global_defs: {
|
1152 | "@alert": "console.log"
|
1153 | }
|
1154 | }
|
1155 | }).code;
|
1156 | // returns: 'console.log("hello");'
|
1157 | ```
|
1158 |
|
1159 | Otherwise it would be replaced as string literal:
|
1160 | ```javascript
|
1161 | Terser.minify("alert('hello');", {
|
1162 | compress: {
|
1163 | global_defs: {
|
1164 | "alert": "console.log"
|
1165 | }
|
1166 | }
|
1167 | }).code;
|
1168 | // returns: '"console.log"("hello");'
|
1169 | ```
|
1170 |
|
1171 | ### Using native Terser AST with `minify()`
|
1172 | ```javascript
|
1173 | // example: parse only, produce native Terser AST
|
1174 |
|
1175 | var result = Terser.minify(code, {
|
1176 | parse: {},
|
1177 | compress: false,
|
1178 | mangle: false,
|
1179 | output: {
|
1180 | ast: true,
|
1181 | code: false // optional - faster if false
|
1182 | }
|
1183 | });
|
1184 |
|
1185 | // result.ast contains native Terser AST
|
1186 | ```
|
1187 | ```javascript
|
1188 | // example: accept native Terser AST input and then compress and mangle
|
1189 | // to produce both code and native AST.
|
1190 |
|
1191 | var result = Terser.minify(ast, {
|
1192 | compress: {},
|
1193 | mangle: {},
|
1194 | output: {
|
1195 | ast: true,
|
1196 | code: true // optional - faster if false
|
1197 | }
|
1198 | });
|
1199 |
|
1200 | // result.ast contains native Terser AST
|
1201 | // result.code contains the minified code in string form.
|
1202 | ```
|
1203 |
|
1204 |
|
1205 | ### Annotations
|
1206 |
|
1207 | Annotations in Terser are a way to tell it to treat a certain function call differently. The following annotations are available:
|
1208 |
|
1209 | * `/*@__INLINE__*/` - forces a function to be inlined somewhere.
|
1210 | * `/*@__NOINLINE__*/` - Makes sure the called function is not inlined into the call site.
|
1211 | * `/*@__PURE__*/` - Marks a function call as pure. That means, it can safely be dropped.
|
1212 |
|
1213 | You can use either a `@` sign at the start, or a `#`.
|
1214 |
|
1215 | Here are some examples on how to use them:
|
1216 |
|
1217 | ```javascript
|
1218 | /*@__INLINE__*/
|
1219 | function_always_inlined_here()
|
1220 |
|
1221 | /*#__NOINLINE__*/
|
1222 | function_cant_be_inlined_into_here()
|
1223 |
|
1224 | const x = /*#__PURE__*/i_am_dropped_if_x_is_not_used()
|
1225 | ```
|
1226 |
|
1227 |
|
1228 | ### Working with Terser AST
|
1229 |
|
1230 | Traversal and transformation of the native AST can be performed through
|
1231 | [`TreeWalker`](https://github.com/fabiosantoscode/terser/blob/master/lib/ast.js) and
|
1232 | [`TreeTransformer`](https://github.com/fabiosantoscode/terser/blob/master/lib/transform.js)
|
1233 | respectively.
|
1234 |
|
1235 | Largely compatible native AST examples can be found in the original UglifyJS
|
1236 | documentation. See: [tree walker](http://lisperator.net/uglifyjs/walk) and
|
1237 | [tree transform](http://lisperator.net/uglifyjs/transform).
|
1238 |
|
1239 | ### ESTree / SpiderMonkey AST
|
1240 |
|
1241 | Terser has its own abstract syntax tree format; for
|
1242 | [practical reasons](http://lisperator.net/blog/uglifyjs-why-not-switching-to-spidermonkey-ast/)
|
1243 | we can't easily change to using the SpiderMonkey AST internally. However,
|
1244 | Terser now has a converter which can import a SpiderMonkey AST.
|
1245 |
|
1246 | For example [Acorn][acorn] is a super-fast parser that produces a
|
1247 | SpiderMonkey AST. It has a small CLI utility that parses one file and dumps
|
1248 | the AST in JSON on the standard output. To use Terser to mangle and
|
1249 | compress that:
|
1250 |
|
1251 | acorn file.js | terser -p spidermonkey -m -c
|
1252 |
|
1253 | The `-p spidermonkey` option tells Terser that all input files are not
|
1254 | JavaScript, but JS code described in SpiderMonkey AST in JSON. Therefore we
|
1255 | don't use our own parser in this case, but just transform that AST into our
|
1256 | internal AST.
|
1257 |
|
1258 | ### Use Acorn for parsing
|
1259 |
|
1260 | More for fun, I added the `-p acorn` option which will use Acorn to do all
|
1261 | the parsing. If you pass this option, Terser will `require("acorn")`.
|
1262 |
|
1263 | Acorn is really fast (e.g. 250ms instead of 380ms on some 650K code), but
|
1264 | converting the SpiderMonkey tree that Acorn produces takes another 150ms so
|
1265 | in total it's a bit more than just using Terser's own parser.
|
1266 |
|
1267 | [acorn]: https://github.com/ternjs/acorn
|
1268 | [sm-spec]: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1U1RGAehQwRypUTovF1KRlpiOFze0b-_2gc6fAH0KY0k
|
1269 |
|
1270 | ### Terser Fast Minify Mode
|
1271 |
|
1272 | It's not well known, but whitespace removal and symbol mangling accounts
|
1273 | for 95% of the size reduction in minified code for most JavaScript - not
|
1274 | elaborate code transforms. One can simply disable `compress` to speed up
|
1275 | Terser builds by 3 to 4 times.
|
1276 |
|
1277 | | d3.js | size | gzip size | time (s) |
|
1278 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
|
1279 | | original | 451,131 | 108,733 | - |
|
1280 | | terser@3.7.5 mangle=false, compress=false | 316,600 | 85,245 | 0.82 |
|
1281 | | terser@3.7.5 mangle=true, compress=false | 220,216 | 72,730 | 1.45 |
|
1282 | | terser@3.7.5 mangle=true, compress=true | 212,046 | 70,954 | 5.87 |
|
1283 | | babili@0.1.4 | 210,713 | 72,140 | 12.64 |
|
1284 | | babel-minify@0.4.3 | 210,321 | 72,242 | 48.67 |
|
1285 | | babel-minify@0.5.0-alpha.01eac1c3 | 210,421 | 72,238 | 14.17 |
|
1286 |
|
1287 | To enable fast minify mode from the CLI use:
|
1288 | ```
|
1289 | terser file.js -m
|
1290 | ```
|
1291 | To enable fast minify mode with the API use:
|
1292 | ```js
|
1293 | Terser.minify(code, { compress: false, mangle: true });
|
1294 | ```
|
1295 |
|
1296 | #### Source maps and debugging
|
1297 |
|
1298 | Various `compress` transforms that simplify, rearrange, inline and remove code
|
1299 | are known to have an adverse effect on debugging with source maps. This is
|
1300 | expected as code is optimized and mappings are often simply not possible as
|
1301 | some code no longer exists. For highest fidelity in source map debugging
|
1302 | disable the `compress` option and just use `mangle`.
|
1303 |
|
1304 | ### Compiler assumptions
|
1305 |
|
1306 | To allow for better optimizations, the compiler makes various assumptions:
|
1307 |
|
1308 | - `.toString()` and `.valueOf()` don't have side effects, and for built-in
|
1309 | objects they have not been overridden.
|
1310 | - `undefined`, `NaN` and `Infinity` have not been externally redefined.
|
1311 | - `arguments.callee`, `arguments.caller` and `Function.prototype.caller` are not used.
|
1312 | - The code doesn't expect the contents of `Function.prototype.toString()` or
|
1313 | `Error.prototype.stack` to be anything in particular.
|
1314 | - Getting and setting properties on a plain object does not cause other side effects
|
1315 | (using `.watch()` or `Proxy`).
|
1316 | - Object properties can be added, removed and modified (not prevented with
|
1317 | `Object.defineProperty()`, `Object.defineProperties()`, `Object.freeze()`,
|
1318 | `Object.preventExtensions()` or `Object.seal()`).
|
1319 |
|
1320 | ### Build Tools and Adaptors using Terser
|
1321 |
|
1322 | https://www.npmjs.com/browse/depended/terser
|
1323 |
|
1324 | ### Replacing `uglify-es` with `terser` in a project using `yarn`
|
1325 |
|
1326 | A number of JS bundlers and uglify wrappers are still using buggy versions
|
1327 | of `uglify-es` and have not yet upgraded to `terser`. If you are using `yarn`
|
1328 | you can add the following alias to your project's `package.json` file:
|
1329 |
|
1330 | ```js
|
1331 | "resolutions": {
|
1332 | "uglify-es": "npm:terser"
|
1333 | }
|
1334 | ```
|
1335 |
|
1336 | to use `terser` instead of `uglify-es` in all deeply nested dependencies
|
1337 | without changing any code.
|
1338 |
|
1339 | Note: for this change to take effect you must run the following commands
|
1340 | to remove the existing `yarn` lock file and reinstall all packages:
|
1341 |
|
1342 | ```
|
1343 | $ rm -rf node_modules yarn.lock
|
1344 | $ yarn
|
1345 | ```
|
1346 |
|
1347 | # Reporting issues
|
1348 |
|
1349 | In the terser CLI we use [source-map-support](https://npmjs.com/source-map-support) to produce good error stacks. In your own app, you're expected to enable source-map-support (read their docs) to have nice stack traces that will make good issues.
|
1350 |
|
1351 | # README.md Patrons:
|
1352 |
|
1353 | *note*: You can support this project on patreon: <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.patreon.com/fabiosantoscode"><img src="https://c5.patreon.com/external/logo/become_a_patron_button@2x.png" alt="patron" width="100px" height="auto"></a>. Check out [PATRONS.md](https://github.com/terser/terser/blob/master/PATRONS.md) for our first-tier patrons.
|
1354 |
|
1355 | These are the second-tier patrons. Great thanks for your support!
|
1356 |
|
1357 | * CKEditor ![](https://c10.patreonusercontent.com/3/eyJoIjoxMDAsInciOjEwMH0%3D/patreon-media/p/user/15452278/f8548dcf48d740619071e8d614459280/1?token-time=2145916800&token-hash=SIQ54PhIPHv3M7CVz9LxS8_8v4sOw4H304HaXsXj8MM%3D)
|
1358 | * 38elements ![](https://c10.patreonusercontent.com/3/eyJ3IjoyMDB9/patreon-media/p/user/12501844/88e7fc5dd62d45c6a5626533bbd48cfb/1?token-time=2145916800&token-hash=c3AsQ5T0IQWic0zKxFHu-bGGQJkXQFvafvJ4bPerFR4%3D)
|
1359 |
|
1360 | ## Contributors
|
1361 |
|
1362 | ### Code Contributors
|
1363 |
|
1364 | This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute. [[Contribute](CONTRIBUTING.md)].
|
1365 | <a href="https://github.com/terser/terser/graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" /></a>
|
1366 |
|
1367 | ### Financial Contributors
|
1368 |
|
1369 | Become a financial contributor and help us sustain our community. [[Contribute](https://opencollective.com/terser/contribute)]
|
1370 |
|
1371 | #### Individuals
|
1372 |
|
1373 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/individuals.svg?width=890"></a>
|
1374 |
|
1375 | #### Organizations
|
1376 |
|
1377 | Support this project with your organization. Your logo will show up here with a link to your website. [[Contribute](https://opencollective.com/terser/contribute)]
|
1378 |
|
1379 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/0/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/0/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1380 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/1/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/1/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1381 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/2/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/2/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1382 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/3/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/3/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1383 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/4/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/4/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1384 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/5/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/5/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1385 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/6/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/6/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1386 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/7/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/7/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1387 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/8/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/8/avatar.svg"></a>
|
1388 | <a href="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/9/website"><img src="https://opencollective.com/terser/organization/9/avatar.svg"></a>
|