tone/Tone/instrument/PolySynth.ts

import { MidiClass } from "../core/type/Midi.js";
import {
	Frequency,
	MidiNote,
	NormalRange,
	Seconds,
	Time,
} from "../core/type/Units.js";
import {
	deepMerge,
	omitFromObject,
	optionsFromArguments,
} from "../core/util/Defaults.js";
import { RecursivePartial } from "../core/util/Interface.js";
import { isArray, isNumber } from "../core/util/TypeCheck.js";
import { Instrument, InstrumentOptions } from "./Instrument.js";
import { MembraneSynth, MembraneSynthOptions } from "./MembraneSynth.js";
import { FMSynth, FMSynthOptions } from "./FMSynth.js";
import { AMSynth, AMSynthOptions } from "./AMSynth.js";
import { MonoSynth, MonoSynthOptions } from "./MonoSynth.js";
import { MetalSynth, MetalSynthOptions } from "./MetalSynth.js";
import { Monophonic } from "./Monophonic.js";
import { Synth, SynthOptions } from "./Synth.js";
import { assert, warn } from "../core/util/Debug.js";

type VoiceConstructor<V> = {
	getDefaults: () => VoiceOptions<V>;
} & (new (...args: any[]) => V);

type OmitMonophonicOptions<T> = Omit<T, "context" | "onsilence">;

type VoiceOptions<T> = T extends MembraneSynth
	? MembraneSynthOptions
	: T extends MetalSynth
		? MetalSynthOptions
		: T extends FMSynth
			? FMSynthOptions
			: T extends MonoSynth
				? MonoSynthOptions
				: T extends AMSynth
					? AMSynthOptions
					: T extends Synth
						? SynthOptions
						: T extends Monophonic<infer U>
							? U
							: never;

/**
 * The settable synth options. excludes monophonic options.
 */
type PartialVoiceOptions<T> = RecursivePartial<
	OmitMonophonicOptions<VoiceOptions<T>>
>;

export interface PolySynthOptions<Voice> extends InstrumentOptions {
	maxPolyphony: number;
	voice: VoiceConstructor<Voice>;
	options: PartialVoiceOptions<Voice>;
}

/**
 * PolySynth handles voice creation and allocation for any
 * instruments passed in as the second parameter. PolySynth is
 * not a synthesizer by itself, it merely manages voices of
 * one of the other types of synths, allowing any of the
 * monophonic synthesizers to be polyphonic.
 *
 * @example
 * const synth = new Tone.PolySynth().toDestination();
 * // set the attributes across all the voices using 'set'
 * synth.set({ detune: -1200 });
 * // play a chord
 * synth.triggerAttackRelease(["C4", "E4", "A4"], 1);
 * @category Instrument
 */
export class PolySynth<
	Voice extends Monophonic<any> = Synth,
> extends Instrument<VoiceOptions<Voice>> {
	readonly name: string = "PolySynth";

	/**
	 * The voices which are not currently in use
	 */
	private _availableVoices: Voice[] = [];

	/**
	 * The currently active voices
	 */
	private _activeVoices: Array<{
		midi: MidiNote;
		voice: Voice;
		released: boolean;
	}> = [];

	/**
	 * All of the allocated voices for this synth.
	 */
	private _voices: Voice[] = [];

	/**
	 * The options that are set on the synth.
	 */
	private options: VoiceOptions<Voice>;

	/**
	 * The polyphony limit.
	 */
	maxPolyphony: number;

	/**
	 * The voice constructor
	 */
	private readonly voice: VoiceConstructor<Voice>;

	/**
	 * A voice used for holding the get/set values
	 */
	private _dummyVoice: Voice;

	/**
	 * The GC timeout. Held so that it could be cancelled when the node is disposed.
	 */
	private _gcTimeout = -1;

	/**
	 * A moving average of the number of active voices
	 */
	private _averageActiveVoices = 0;

	/**
	 * @param voice The constructor of the voices
	 * @param options	The options object to set the synth voice
	 */
	constructor(
		voice?: VoiceConstructor<Voice>,
		options?: PartialVoiceOptions<Voice>
	);
	constructor(options?: Partial<PolySynthOptions<Voice>>);
	constructor() {
		const options = optionsFromArguments(
			PolySynth.getDefaults(),
			arguments,
			["voice", "options"]
		);
		super(options);

		// check against the old API (pre 14.3.0)
		assert(
			!isNumber(options.voice),
			"DEPRECATED: The polyphony count is no longer the first argument."
		);

		const defaults = options.voice.getDefaults();
		this.options = Object.assign(
			defaults,
			options.options
		) as VoiceOptions<Voice>;
		this.voice = options.voice as unknown as VoiceConstructor<Voice>;
		this.maxPolyphony = options.maxPolyphony;

		// create the first voice
		this._dummyVoice = this._getNextAvailableVoice() as Voice;
		// remove it from the voices list
		const index = this._voices.indexOf(this._dummyVoice);
		this._voices.splice(index, 1);
		// kick off the GC interval
		this._gcTimeout = this.context.setInterval(
			this._collectGarbage.bind(this),
			1
		);
	}

	static getDefaults(): PolySynthOptions<Synth> {
		return Object.assign(Instrument.getDefaults(), {
			maxPolyphony: 32,
			options: {},
			voice: Synth,
		});
	}

	/**
	 * The number of active voices.
	 */
	get activeVoices(): number {
		return this._activeVoices.length;
	}

	/**
	 * Invoked when the source is done making sound, so that it can be
	 * readded to the pool of available voices
	 */
	private _makeVoiceAvailable(voice: Voice): void {
		this._availableVoices.push(voice);
		// remove the midi note from 'active voices'
		const activeVoiceIndex = this._activeVoices.findIndex(
			(e) => e.voice === voice
		);
		this._activeVoices.splice(activeVoiceIndex, 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Get an available voice from the pool of available voices.
	 * If one is not available and the maxPolyphony limit is reached,
	 * steal a voice, otherwise return null.
	 */
	private _getNextAvailableVoice(): Voice | undefined {
		// if there are available voices, return the first one
		if (this._availableVoices.length) {
			return this._availableVoices.shift();
		} else if (this._voices.length < this.maxPolyphony) {
			// otherwise if there is still more maxPolyphony, make a new voice
			const voice = new this.voice(
				Object.assign(this.options, {
					context: this.context,
					onsilence: this._makeVoiceAvailable.bind(this),
				})
			);
			assert(
				voice instanceof Monophonic,
				"Voice must extend Monophonic class"
			);
			voice.connect(this.output);
			this._voices.push(voice);
			return voice;
		} else {
			warn("Max polyphony exceeded. Note dropped.");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Occasionally check if there are any allocated voices which can be cleaned up.
	 */
	private _collectGarbage(): void {
		this._averageActiveVoices = Math.max(
			this._averageActiveVoices * 0.95,
			this.activeVoices
		);
		if (
			this._availableVoices.length &&
			this._voices.length > Math.ceil(this._averageActiveVoices + 1)
		) {
			// take off an available note
			const firstAvail = this._availableVoices.shift() as Voice;
			const index = this._voices.indexOf(firstAvail);
			this._voices.splice(index, 1);
			if (!this.context.isOffline) {
				firstAvail.dispose();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Internal method which triggers the attack
	 */
	private _triggerAttack(
		notes: Frequency[],
		time: Seconds,
		velocity?: NormalRange
	): void {
		notes.forEach((note) => {
			const midiNote = new MidiClass(this.context, note).toMidi();
			const voice = this._getNextAvailableVoice();
			if (voice) {
				voice.triggerAttack(note, time, velocity);
				this._activeVoices.push({
					midi: midiNote,
					voice,
					released: false,
				});
				this.log("triggerAttack", note, time);
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Internal method which triggers the release
	 */
	private _triggerRelease(notes: Frequency[], time: Seconds): void {
		notes.forEach((note) => {
			const midiNote = new MidiClass(this.context, note).toMidi();
			const event = this._activeVoices.find(
				({ midi, released }) => midi === midiNote && !released
			);
			if (event) {
				// trigger release on that note
				event.voice.triggerRelease(time);
				// mark it as released
				event.released = true;
				this.log("triggerRelease", note, time);
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Schedule the attack/release events. If the time is in the future, then it should set a timeout
	 * to wait for just-in-time scheduling
	 */
	private _scheduleEvent(
		type: "attack" | "release",
		notes: Frequency[],
		time: Seconds,
		velocity?: NormalRange
	): void {
		assert(!this.disposed, "Synth was already disposed");
		// if the notes are greater than this amount of time in the future, they should be scheduled with setTimeout
		if (time <= this.now()) {
			// do it immediately
			if (type === "attack") {
				this._triggerAttack(notes, time, velocity);
			} else {
				this._triggerRelease(notes, time);
			}
		} else {
			// schedule it to start in the future
			this.context.setTimeout(() => {
				if (!this.disposed) {
					this._scheduleEvent(type, notes, time, velocity);
				}
			}, time - this.now());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger the attack portion of the note
	 * @param  notes The notes to play. Accepts a single Frequency or an array of frequencies.
	 * @param  time  The start time of the note.
	 * @param velocity The velocity of the note.
	 * @example
	 * const synth = new Tone.PolySynth(Tone.FMSynth).toDestination();
	 * // trigger a chord immediately with a velocity of 0.2
	 * synth.triggerAttack(["Ab3", "C4", "F5"], Tone.now(), 0.2);
	 */
	triggerAttack(
		notes: Frequency | Frequency[],
		time?: Time,
		velocity?: NormalRange
	): this {
		if (!Array.isArray(notes)) {
			notes = [notes];
		}
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		this._scheduleEvent("attack", notes, computedTime, velocity);
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger the release of the note. Unlike monophonic instruments,
	 * a note (or array of notes) needs to be passed in as the first argument.
	 * @param  notes The notes to play. Accepts a single Frequency or an array of frequencies.
	 * @param  time  When the release will be triggered.
	 * @example
	 * const poly = new Tone.PolySynth(Tone.AMSynth).toDestination();
	 * poly.triggerAttack(["Ab3", "C4", "F5"]);
	 * // trigger the release of the given notes.
	 * poly.triggerRelease(["Ab3", "C4"], "+1");
	 * poly.triggerRelease("F5", "+3");
	 */
	triggerRelease(notes: Frequency | Frequency[], time?: Time): this {
		if (!Array.isArray(notes)) {
			notes = [notes];
		}
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		this._scheduleEvent("release", notes, computedTime);
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger the attack and release after the specified duration
	 * @param  notes The notes to play. Accepts a single  Frequency or an array of frequencies.
	 * @param  duration the duration of the note
	 * @param  time  if no time is given, defaults to now
	 * @param  velocity the velocity of the attack (0-1)
	 * @example
	 * const poly = new Tone.PolySynth(Tone.AMSynth).toDestination();
	 * // can pass in an array of durations as well
	 * poly.triggerAttackRelease(["Eb3", "G4", "Bb4", "D5"], [4, 3, 2, 1]);
	 */
	triggerAttackRelease(
		notes: Frequency | Frequency[],
		duration: Time | Time[],
		time?: Time,
		velocity?: NormalRange
	): this {
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		this.triggerAttack(notes, computedTime, velocity);
		if (isArray(duration)) {
			assert(
				isArray(notes),
				"If the duration is an array, the notes must also be an array"
			);
			notes = notes as Frequency[];
			for (let i = 0; i < notes.length; i++) {
				const d = duration[Math.min(i, duration.length - 1)];
				const durationSeconds = this.toSeconds(d);
				assert(
					durationSeconds > 0,
					"The duration must be greater than 0"
				);
				this.triggerRelease(notes[i], computedTime + durationSeconds);
			}
		} else {
			const durationSeconds = this.toSeconds(duration);
			assert(durationSeconds > 0, "The duration must be greater than 0");
			this.triggerRelease(notes, computedTime + durationSeconds);
		}
		return this;
	}

	sync(): this {
		if (this._syncState()) {
			this._syncMethod("triggerAttack", 1);
			this._syncMethod("triggerRelease", 1);

			// make sure that the sound doesn't play after its been stopped
			this.context.transport.on("stop", this._syncedRelease);
			this.context.transport.on("pause", this._syncedRelease);
			this.context.transport.on("loopEnd", this._syncedRelease);
		}
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * The release which is scheduled to the timeline.
	 */
	protected _syncedRelease = (time: number) => this.releaseAll(time);

	/**
	 * Set a member/attribute of the voices
	 * @example
	 * const poly = new Tone.PolySynth().toDestination();
	 * // set all of the voices using an options object for the synth type
	 * poly.set({
	 * 	envelope: {
	 * 		attack: 0.25
	 * 	}
	 * });
	 * poly.triggerAttackRelease("Bb3", 0.2);
	 */
	set(options: RecursivePartial<VoiceOptions<Voice>>): this {
		// remove options which are controlled by the PolySynth
		const sanitizedOptions = omitFromObject(options, [
			"onsilence",
			"context",
		]);
		// store all of the options
		this.options = deepMerge(this.options, sanitizedOptions);
		this._voices.forEach((voice) => voice.set(sanitizedOptions));
		this._dummyVoice.set(sanitizedOptions);
		return this;
	}

	get(): VoiceOptions<Voice> {
		return this._dummyVoice.get();
	}

	/**
	 * Trigger the release portion of all the currently active voices immediately.
	 * Useful for silencing the synth.
	 */
	releaseAll(time?: Time): this {
		const computedTime = this.toSeconds(time);
		this._activeVoices.forEach(({ voice }) => {
			voice.triggerRelease(computedTime);
		});
		return this;
	}

	dispose(): this {
		super.dispose();
		this._dummyVoice.dispose();
		this._voices.forEach((v) => v.dispose());
		this._activeVoices = [];
		this._availableVoices = [];
		this.context.clearInterval(this._gcTimeout);
		return this;
	}
}