traverse/README.markdown

traverse
========

Traverse and transform objects by visiting every node on a recursive walk.

examples
========

transform negative numbers in-place
-----------------------------------

negative.js

````javascript
var traverse = require('traverse');
var obj = [ 5, 6, -3, [ 7, 8, -2, 1 ], { f : 10, g : -13 } ];

traverse(obj).forEach(function (x) {
    if (x < 0) this.update(x + 128);
});

console.dir(obj);
````

Output:

    [ 5, 6, 125, [ 7, 8, 126, 1 ], { f: 10, g: 115 } ]

collect leaf nodes
------------------

leaves.js

````javascript
var traverse = require('traverse');

var obj = {
    a : [1,2,3],
    b : 4,
    c : [5,6],
    d : { e : [7,8], f : 9 },
};

var leaves = traverse(obj).reduce(function (acc, x) {
    if (this.isLeaf) acc.push(x);
    return acc;
}, []);

console.dir(leaves);
````

Output:

    [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

scrub circular references
-------------------------

scrub.js:

````javascript
var traverse = require('traverse');

var obj = { a : 1, b : 2, c : [ 3, 4 ] };
obj.c.push(obj);

var scrubbed = traverse(obj).map(function (x) {
    if (this.circular) this.remove()
});
console.dir(scrubbed);
````

output:

    { a: 1, b: 2, c: [ 3, 4 ] }

methods
=======

Each method that takes an `fn` uses the context documented below in the context
section.

.map(fn)
--------

Execute `fn` for each node in the object and return a new object with the
results of the walk. To update nodes in the result use `this.update(value)`.

.forEach(fn)
------------

Execute `fn` for each node in the object but unlike `.map()`, when
`this.update()` is called it updates the object in-place.

.reduce(fn, acc)
----------------

For each node in the object, perform a
[left-fold](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function))
with the return value of `fn(acc, node)`.

If `acc` isn't specified, `acc` is set to the root object for the first step
and the root element is skipped.

.paths()
--------

Return an `Array` of every possible non-cyclic path in the object.
Paths are `Array`s of string keys.

.nodes()
--------

Return an `Array` of every node in the object.

.clone()
--------

Create a deep clone of the object.

.get(path)
----------

Get the element at the array `path`.

.set(path, value)
-----------------

Set the element at the array `path` to `value`.

.has(path)
----------

Return whether the element at the array `path` exists.

context
=======

Each method that takes a callback has a context (its `this` object) with these
attributes:

this.node
---------

The present node on the recursive walk

this.path
---------

An array of string keys from the root to the present node

this.parent
-----------

The context of the node's parent.
This is `undefined` for the root node.

this.key
--------

The name of the key of the present node in its parent.
This is `undefined` for the root node.

this.isRoot, this.notRoot
-------------------------

Whether the present node is the root node

this.isLeaf, this.notLeaf
-------------------------

Whether or not the present node is a leaf node (has no children)

this.level
----------

Depth of the node within the traversal

this.circular
-------------

If the node equals one of its parents, the `circular` attribute is set to the
context of that parent and the traversal progresses no deeper.

this.update(value, stopHere=false)
----------------------------------

Set a new value for the present node.

All the elements in `value` will be recursively traversed unless `stopHere` is
true.

this.remove(stopHere=false)
-------------

Remove the current element from the output. If the node is in an Array it will
be spliced off. Otherwise it will be deleted from its parent.

this.delete(stopHere=false)
-------------

Delete the current element from its parent in the output. Calls `delete` even on
Arrays.

this.before(fn)
---------------

Call this function before any of the children are traversed.

You can assign into `this.keys` here to traverse in a custom order.

this.after(fn)
--------------

Call this function after any of the children are traversed.

this.pre(fn)
------------

Call this function before each of the children are traversed.

this.post(fn)
-------------

Call this function after each of the children are traversed.


install
=======

Using [npm](http://npmjs.org) do:

    $ npm install traverse

test
====

Using [expresso](http://github.com/visionmedia/expresso) do:

    $ expresso
    
    100% wahoo, your stuff is not broken!

in the browser
==============

Use [browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify) to run traverse in
the browser.

traverse has been tested and works with:

* Internet Explorer 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0
* Firefox 3.5
* Chrome 6.0
* Opera 10.6
* Safari 5.0