List of Diagrams, Maps and Tables

Diagrams

1. Mail-carrying American sailing packets, duration of westbound trips, Liverpool–New York, 1834, p. 72.

2. Great Western, comparison of east- and westbound trips, Bristol /Liverpool–New York, 1838–1846, p. 81.

3. Cunard Line, duration of westbound trips Liverpool–Halifax–Boston, July 1840 – June 1841, p. 90.

4. Cunard Line, duration of eastbound trips Liverpool–Halifax–Boston, July 1840 – June 1841, p. 91.

5. Great Western vs. Britannia, duration of westbound trips, July 1840 – December 1846, p. 94.

6. American sailing packets, duration of westbound trips (% of all), Liverpool–New York, 1825, 1835, 1845, p. 101.

7. Duration of westbound trips, the American sailing packets and the mail carrying steamers, Liverpool–New York /Boston, 1845, p. 110.

8. Steamship companies with mail contracts on the North Atlantic route, size by tonnage, 1850, p. 115.

9. Cunard vs. Collins, duration of westbound trips Liverpool–New York, May 1850 – Dec.1851, p. 118.

10. Cunard vs. Collins, duration of eastbound trips Liverpool–New York, May 1850 – Dec. 1851, p. 118.

11. Comparison of the Collins Line’s westbound trips Liverpool–New York, 1853–1854 vs. 1856–1857, p. 123.

12. Duration of the Collins Line’s westbound trips Liverpool–New York, July 1856 – Jan.1858, p. 123.

13. Collins Line’s Atlantic, duration of westbound trips, Liverpool–New York, 1850–1857, p. 124.

14. Collins Line’s Atlantic, duration of eastbound trips, Liverpool–New York, 1850–1857, p. 125.

15. Cunard Line’s Asia, duration of westbound trips, Liverpool–New York /Boston, 1850–1857, p. 126.

16. Cunard Line’s Asia, duration of eastbound trips, Liverpool–New York /Boston, 1850–1857, p. 127.

17. Cunard vs. Collins, comparison of all westbound trips, Liverpool–New York, 1850–1857 (%), p. 131.

18. Cunard vs. Collins, comparison of all eastbound trips, Liverpool–New York, 1850–1857 (%), p.132.

19. Ocean Line, duration of westbound trips, Southampton–New York, 1847–1857, p. 136.

20. Westbound trips of the Havre Line and the Ocean Line, Southampton–New York, 1847–1867, p. 137.

21. Vanderbilt vs. Persia, duration of westbound trips, English ports – New York, May 1857 – Dec. 1859, p. 143.

22. Vanderbilt vs. Persia, duration of eastbound trips, English ports – New York, May 1857 – Dec. 1859, p. 143.

23. Vanderbilt Line, duration of westbound trips, Southampton–New York, 1855–1860, p. 144.

24. Westbound trips to New York by HAPAG and NDL, 1860–1875, p. 151.

25. Arrivals in New York by the four major mail carrying shipping lines, 1860–1875, p. 151.

26. Inman Line and Cunard Line, arrivals in New York, 1860–1875, p. 159.

27. Cunard vs. Inman, westbound trips Queenstown–New York, 1870, p. 160.

28. Cunard vs. Inman, eastbound trips Queenstown–New York, 1870, p. 161.

29. Development of size and speed of the fastest mail carrying steamer on the North Atlantic route, 1840–1880, p. 166.

30. Average size of vessels per shipping line 1850, compared with the fastest ship in traffic, p. 167.

31. Average size of vessels per shipping line 1860, compared with the fastest ship in traffic, p. 168.

32. Average size of vessels per shipping line 1870, compared with the fastest ship in traffic, p. 168.

33. Cunard Line’s westbound service Queenstown–New York, 1875, p. 169.

34. Inman Line’s westbound service Queenstown–New York, 1875, p. 170.

35. White Star Line’s westbound service Queenstown–New York, 1875, p. 171.

36. Westbound trips by Collins Line 1850–1857 vs. all mail lines 1875, Liverpool–New York, p. 174.

37. Duration of merchant ship sailings between Britain and Guiana, 1840, p. 211.

38. Falmouth packet sailings on different routes, 1840, p. 229.

39. From sail to steam on the different mail routes, 1815–1875, p. 398.

40. Liverpool–New York, development of the number of consecutive information circles per year, 1815–1875, p. 400.

41. England–Demerara, development of the number of consecutive information circles per year, 1815–1875, p. 401.

42. England–Rio de Janeiro /Buenos Aires, development of the number of consecutive information circles per year, 1815–1875, p. 402.

43. New York–San Francisco, development of the number of consecutive information circles, 1815–1875, p. 403.

44. London–Bombay, development of the number of consecutive information circles, 1815–1875, p. 404.

45. London–Hong Kong, development of the number of consecutive information circles, 1815–1875, p. 405.

46. London–Sydney, development of the number of consecutive information circles, 1815–1875, p. 406.

47. Development of the size and speed of the fastest vessel, North Atlantic, 1850–1900, p. 411.

48. Development of the size and speed of the fastest vessel, North Atlantic, 1850–1940, p. 411.

Maps

1. Major Atlantic currents, p. 44.

2. North Atlantic mail steamship routes in the mid-19th century, p. 88.

3. Falmouth packet routes during the first half of the 19th century, p. 216.

4. Royal Mail Line routes to the West Indies, January 1842, p. 238.

5. Royal Mail Line routes to the West Indies, June 1852, p. 242.

6. Royal Mail Line routes to the West Indies, March 1860, p. 246.

7. Development of mail routes from New York to San Francisco in the mid-19th century, p. 284.

8. Mail routes to Australasia in the mid-19th century, p.314.

Tables

1. Differences between the nature of information transmission for newspapers and for business enterprises, p. 11.

2. Value of merchandise exports at constant prices 1820–1870 (million 1990 USD), p. 13.

3. Different forms of information transmission (before telegraph), p. 28.

4. Methods for measuring the speed of information transmission, p. 39.

5. Falmouth packet round trips and the consecutive information circles, Falmouth–New York, 1817, p. 50.

6. Mail carrying American sailing packets, dates of departure from New York, 1824–1825, p. 63.

7. Delays of the American sailing packets at the port of Liverpool, 1825, p. 64.

8. Consecutive information circles enabled by the American sailing packets between Liverpool and New York, 1825, p. 66.

9. Consecutive information circles enabled by the Falmouth packet service in 1825, an example, p. 66.

10. Number of mail-carrying American packets from New York, 1820–1855, p. 68.

11. Consecutive information circles enabled by the American sailing packets between Liverpool and New York, 1838, p. 11.

12. Consecutive information circles enabled by the pioneering steamers in 1839, p. 82.

13. Consecutive information circles enabled by the transatlantic mail steamers in 1845, p. 97.

14. Average size of the mail-carrying American sailing packets, in tons, p. 100.

15. Reliability of the American sailing packet service: regularity of sailings from Liverpool and reported disasters, 1844–1845, p. 424.

16. From sail to steam. A sample of Frederick Huth’s correspondence, 1836–1850, p. 105.

17. Mail sailings on the Liverpool–New York /Boston route, winter 1844–1845, p. 112.

18. Consecutive information circulation enabled by transatlantic mail steamers in 1851, p. 120.

19. Postal income from letters carried by the Cunard Line and the Collins Line 1851–1854, p. 130.

20. Duration of all transatlantic voyages of the Cunard Line and the Collins Line, Liverpool–New York / New York–Liverpool, 1850–1857 (%), p. 133.

21. Postal income from letters carried by the Havre Line, 1851–1854, p. 138.

22. Frequency of mail steamship sailings from New York and Boston to Europe, April–May, 1853, p. 139.

23. Examples of differences in total delivery time depending on the sender, letters from New York to Liverpool, 1853, p. 141.

24. Comparison of technical development, Britannia and Persia of the Cunard Line, p. 146.

25. Emigration to the United States from different areas, thousands of people, 1846–1875 (–1925), p. 148.

26. Consecutive information circulation enabled by transatlantic mail steamers in 1875, an example, p. 176.

27 a–c. Duration of some Saturday mail sailings from New York, 1875, p. 178.

28. Business information transmission by sail and steam on the North Atlantic route, 1815–1875, p. 179.

29. Number of electric telegraph messages sent, 1851–1866, p. 185.

30. Development of business information transmission by telegraph, p. 196.

31. Departure dates of the Ranger and Penguin packets of Falmouth from the West Indian islands and arrival in England, February–May 1840, p. 201.

32. Monthly return of Plantation Hanover, Berbice, in 1840. Duration before the information was available to the owners in Liverpool after the end of each financial period, p. 206.

33. Number of ships reported by Lloyd’s List to have sailed between the British ports London, Liverpool and Glasgow, and the Guianian ports Berbice and Demerara, 1840, p. 210.

34. Duration of sailings and port stays of the regular trader Parker on the Liverpool–Demerara route, 1840, p. 213.

35. Consecutive information circles enabled by merchant ships between Liverpool and Demerara in 1840, an example, p. 214.

36. Consecutive information circles enabled by Falmouth packets for correspondence between Liverpool and Demerara in 1840, an example, p. 218.

37. Average duration of packet sailings from Rio de Janeiro to Falmouth, 1820–1850, p. 220.

38. Falmouth packet round trips and the length of information circles, Falmouth–Rio de Janeiro, 1840, p. 222.

39. Falmouth packet round trips and consecutive information circles enabled by them on the Liverpool–Rio de Janeiro–Buenos Aires route, 1840, p. 426.

40. Falmouth packet sailings for Mexico and consecutive information circles enabled by them, 1840, p. 226.

41. Consecutive information circles between Liverpool and Demerara enabled by the Royal Mail Line service in 1842, p. 234.

42. Consecutive information circles between Liverpool and Demerara enabled by the Royal Mail Line service in 1852, p. 244.

43. Consecutive information circles between Liverpool and Demerara enabled by the Royal Mail Line service in 1862, p. 245.

44. Consecutive information circles between Liverpool and Demerara enabled by the Royal Mail Line service in 1872, p. 248.

45. Development of business information transmission by sail and steam between Liverpool and Demerara, 1840–1862, p. 250.

46. Royal Mail steamship round trips and the length of information circles, Southampton–Rio de Janeiro, 1851, p. 252.

47. Origins of the merchant correspondence from South America, 1854–1872, p. 256.

48. Royal Mail steamship round trips and the length of information circles, Southampton–Rio de Janeiro, 1862, p. 260.

49. Development of the speed of information transmission between England and Brazil, 1840–1862, p. 261.

50. Round trips and consecutive information circles on the St-Nazaire–Martinique–Vera Cruz–St-Nazaire route enabled by the French Line service, 1863, p. 263.

51. Round trips and consecutive information circles on the St-Nazaire–Martinique–Vera Cruz–St. Thomas–St-Nazaire route enabled by the French Line service, 1866, p. 265.

52. Round trips and information circles enabled by the French Line service to Fort-de-France, Martinique, 1866, p. 268.

53. Round trips and consecutive information circles enabled by Messageries Impériales service to Rio de Janeiro, 1862, p. 270.

54. Merchant correspondence from South America by period and mail-carrying shipping company, 1854–1872, p. 271.

55. Merchant correspondence from South America by port of departure and mail-carrying shipping company, 1854–1872, p. 271.

56. Royal Mail Line, round trip Falmouth–Chagres, January–April 1843, an example, p. 275.

57. Consecutive information circles enabled by the American mail service from New York to San Francisco via Panama, 1851, p. 277.

58. Consecutive information circles enabled by the American mail service from New York to San Francisco via Panama, 1856, p. 278.

59. Duration of information transmission by different means of communication between New York and San Francisco, from the 1850s to the 1870s, p. 285.

60. Consecutive information circles between Liverpool and Montevideo in 1870, an example, p. 292.

61. Average duration of journeys between English /French ports and Montevideo, 1870, p. 293.

62. Consecutive information circles between Liverpool and Montevideo in 1875, an example, p. 295.

63. Duration of information transmission by sail, steam and telegraph between Rio de Janeiro and Falmouth /Southampton, 1820–1875, p. 300.

64. Departures and destinations of the East Indiamen, 1812, p. 308.

65. The departures of vessels from British ports to India, China & other Asian destinations during some selected years between 1812 and 1832, p. 316.

66. Asian and Australian trade in 1832, number of departing British ships by home port and destination, p. 319.

67. An example of fast information transmission by private merchantmen between London and Bombay, 1832, p. 321.

68. Consecutive information circles enabled by private merchantmen between British ports and Bombay, 1832–1833, p. 321.

69. An example of information transmission by the East Indiamen between London and Canton, 1832–1833, p. 323.

70. Ship sizes on the Asian trade routes in 1812 and 1832, excl. Australia, p. 324.

71. The fastest sailings from Britain via Anjer (Sumatra) to China, 1832, p. 324.

72. The size and speed of vessels on the Australian route, from Britain to New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land, 1832, p. 325.

73. Letters received from Calcutta by the East India Company, London, 1833, p. 427.

74. Letters received from Bombay by the East India Company in London, 1833, p. 428.

75. Time lag between writing letters and drafting the answers between London and Bengal, the East India Company, 1832, p. 336.

76. Duration of mail transmission between England, India and China, 1840, an example, p. 344.

77. Consecutive information circles enabled by the express mail services between London and Bombay, 1841, p. 429.

78. Consecutive information circles enabled by the express mail services between London and Calcutta, 1841, p. 348.

79. Consecutive information circles enabled by the co-operating services of the P&O Calcutta Line and the EIC Bombay Line between London and Calcutta, 1845, p. 349.

80. Consecutive information circles enabled by the fastest mail services between London and Canton, 1841, an example, p. 351.

81. Consecutive information circles enabled by the new P&O China Line services, London–Hong Kong, 1846, p. 354.

82. Consecutive information circles between London and Bombay via Southampton, March 1859 – March 1860, p. 357.

83. Consecutive information circles between London and Bombay via Marseilles, March 1859 – March 1860, p. 358.

84. Consecutive information circles London–Hong Kong 1859, via Southampton, p. 359.

85. Consecutive information circles London–Hong Kong 1859, express via Marseilles, p. 360.

86. Mail arrivals and departures by the P&O steamers in Hong Kong, 1859, p. 362.

87. Consecutive information circles, London–Sydney, as planned in the mail contract, 1857, p. 369.

88. Consecutive information circles between London and Sydney enabled by the European & Australian Line service, 1857, p. 370.

89. Consecutive information circles between London and Sydney enabled by the P&O service, 1859, p. 373.

90. Consecutive information circles on the London–Calcutta–London route enabled by the P&O service, 1861, p. 379.

91. Consecutive information circles on the London–Hong Kong–London route enabled by the P&O service, 1861, p. 379.

92. Consecutive information circles on the London–Shanghai–London route enabled by the P&O service, 1861, p. 379.

93. Consecutive information circles on the London–Foochow–London route enabled by the P&O service, 1861, p. 380.

94. Consecutive information circles on the London–Sydney–London route enabled by the P&O service, 1861, p. 380.

95. Consecutive information circles on the London–Hong Kong–London route, 1865, p. 382.

96. Mail arrivals and departures of the British and French steamers in Shanghai, January–June 1865, p. 384.

97. Consecutive information circles enabled by the P&O services between London and Shanghai, 1875, p. 389.