---
title: "MCP Connections"
description: "Connect an eve agent to a remote MCP server, authorize it with Vercel Connect or static credentials, and control which tools the model can discover."
---

MCP connections point eve at a remote MCP server you do not author. The server publishes its tools and schemas, and eve exposes matching tools to the model through `connection_search`.

Use MCP when the service already has an MCP server, when the server owns tool schemas dynamically, or when one connection should expose a family of related remote tools. Use an [OpenAPI connection](./openapi) instead when the service publishes an HTTP API contract and you want eve to generate one tool per operation.

## Define an MCP connection

Create one file under `agent/connections/`. The filename becomes the runtime connection name, so `agent/connections/linear.ts` registers as `linear`, and discovered tools are called as `linear__<tool>`.

```ts title="agent/connections/linear.ts"
import { connect } from "@vercel/connect/eve";
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://mcp.linear.app/mcp",
  description: "Linear workspace: issues, projects, cycles, and comments.",
  auth: connect("mcp.linear.app/linear"),
});
```

The `url` must speak Streamable HTTP or SSE. Write the `description` for the model, not for yourself: it is the main signal `connection_search` uses when deciding which connection to query.

## Use Vercel Connect for OAuth

For OAuth-backed MCP servers, prefer [Vercel Connect](https://vercel.com/docs/connect). Connect owns the browser consent flow, encrypted token storage, refresh, and project access. The `connect()` helper from `@vercel/connect/eve` plugs that lifecycle into eve's connection auth, so credentials never land in model context or conversation history.

From the Vercel project or agent app that will run the connection:

```bash
npm install @vercel/connect
vercel link
vercel connect create mcp.linear.app --name linear
vercel connect attach <connector-uid> --yes
vercel env pull
```

Use the connector UID returned by the CLI in `connect("<connector-uid>")`. For Linear, the MCP runtime endpoint is `https://mcp.linear.app/mcp`, while the managed Connect service identifier is `mcp.linear.app`; those are related but not interchangeable.

By default, `connect("...")` is user-scoped. The first tool call for a new user emits an `authorization.required` event with a URL to visit, parks the turn, and resumes after the callback completes. The active eve session must already have a user principal from route auth or from a platform channel. If there is no authenticated user, the connection fails with `reason: "principal_required"`.

If the MCP server should act as the agent itself instead of the signed-in user, make the connector app-scoped:

```ts title="agent/connections/linear.ts"
import { connect } from "@vercel/connect/eve";
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://mcp.linear.app/mcp",
  description: "Linear workspace: issues, projects, cycles, and comments.",
  auth: connect({ connector: "mcp.linear.app/linear", principalType: "app" }),
});
```

App-scoped Connect auth is non-interactive. eve asks Connect for one shared app token; if the connector is missing or cannot issue an app token, the tool call fails terminally so an operator can fix setup.

## Static tokens and headers

Use `auth.getToken` when you already have a bearer token, API key, service account token, or out-of-band OAuth flow. eve sends the returned token as `Authorization: Bearer <token>`.

```ts title="agent/connections/linear.ts"
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://mcp.linear.app/mcp",
  description: "Linear workspace: issues, projects, cycles, and comments.",
  auth: {
    getToken: async () => ({ token: process.env.LINEAR_API_TOKEN! }),
  },
});
```

Use `headers` for non-Bearer auth schemes or extra server configuration:

```ts title="agent/connections/private-docs.ts"
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://docs.example.com/mcp",
  description: "Internal docs: search pages, owners, and recent changes.",
  headers: {
    "X-Api-Key": process.env.DOCS_API_KEY!,
  },
});
```

`auth` and `headers` can also be functions that receive the active session context. Use that when credentials, tenants, or routing depend on the caller.

## No auth

Omit `auth` and `headers` only for intentionally public or local-only servers:

```ts title="agent/connections/local.ts"
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "http://localhost:3001/mcp",
  description: "Local dev MCP server.",
});
```

Do not use a no-auth connection for sensitive third-party services unless another layer protects the endpoint.

## Tool filters

MCP servers can expose broad read and write surfaces. Narrow what the model can discover with exactly one of `tools.allow` or `tools.block`:

```ts title="agent/connections/linear.ts"
import { connect } from "@vercel/connect/eve";
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://mcp.linear.app/mcp",
  description: "Linear: read issue and project data.",
  auth: connect("mcp.linear.app/linear"),
  tools: { allow: ["search_issues", "get_issue"] },
});
```

Prefer `allow` for the smallest safe surface, especially when the server exposes write tools. Use `block` when the server has a broad stable surface and only a few tools should be hidden.

## Approval gates

For MCP tools that can create, modify, delete, message, transmit, purchase, or access sensitive data, add a human approval gate:

```ts title="agent/connections/linear.ts"
import { connect } from "@vercel/connect/eve";
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";
import { once } from "eve/tools/approval";

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://mcp.linear.app/mcp",
  description: "Linear workspace.",
  auth: connect("mcp.linear.app/linear"),
  approval: once(),
});
```

`once()` asks the first time in a session, `always()` asks on every tool call, and `never()` allows calls without approval. Authorization and approval work together: eve records approval before an OAuth park, then resumes without asking again for the same approved call.

The `once()`, `always()`, and `never()` helpers from `eve/tools/approval` gate every tool the connection serves the same way. See [Connections](/docs/connections#per-connection-approval) for those, and [Human-in-the-loop](/docs/human-in-the-loop) for the full pause-and-resume contract.

### Gate specific tools by name or input

A remote MCP server usually mixes read tools with destructive or publishing ones, so a blanket `always()` would prompt on every harmless call. Pass a custom policy instead — the same [`Approval`](/docs/human-in-the-loop#approvals) shape authored tools use — to gate only the calls that matter. The policy receives `{ session, toolName, toolInput, approvedTools }` and returns an approval status, synchronously or as a promise.

This connection always gates deletes, gates a publish only when the call actually schedules a post, and lets everything else through:

```ts title="agent/connections/social.ts"
import { defineMcpClientConnection } from "eve/connections";

// Bare tool names whose effects are irreversible — always gate these.
const DELETE_TOOLS = ["delete_draft", "delete_thread"];
// Tools that can publish — gate only when the call schedules a post.
const PUBLISH_TOOLS = ["create_draft", "edit_draft"];

// Read `requestBody.publish_at` without trusting the input's shape.
const publishesNow = (input: unknown): boolean => {
  const body = (input as { requestBody?: { publish_at?: unknown } })?.requestBody;
  return typeof body?.publish_at === "string" && body.publish_at.length > 0;
};

export default defineMcpClientConnection({
  url: "https://mcp.example.com/mcp",
  description: "Social publishing: draft, schedule, and manage posts.",
  auth: { getToken: async () => ({ token: process.env.SOCIAL_API_KEY! }) },
  approval: ({ toolName, toolInput }) => {
    if (DELETE_TOOLS.some((t) => toolName.includes(t))) return "user-approval";
    if (PUBLISH_TOOLS.some((t) => toolName.includes(t))) {
      return publishesNow(toolInput) ? "user-approval" : "not-applicable";
    }
    return "not-applicable";
  },
});
```

Two details are specific to connection tools:

- **`toolName` arrives qualified**, not as the bare remote name. An MCP tool surfaces to the policy as `<connection>__<tool>` (e.g. `social__delete_draft`), so match the bare tool name with `.includes()` or `.endsWith()` rather than `===`.
- **`toolInput` is the raw input the model produced**, typed as `Record<string, unknown> | undefined`. With an authored tool you define the `inputSchema`, so its approval policy gets input typed and checked against your schema; a connection tool's schema is published by the remote MCP server, not you, so the shape is one you neither own nor can rely on. It is also `undefined` whenever the model's input isn't an object. Read nested fields defensively — as `publishesNow` does — instead of trusting the shape.

Return `"user-approval"` (or `true`) to pause for a person and `"not-applicable"` (or `false`) to run without a prompt; return `"approved"` or `"denied"` to decide automatically without involving anyone.

[Human-in-the-loop](/docs/human-in-the-loop#approvals) covers the full set of statuses, how `approvedTools` and `session.auth` factor in, and how a gated call pauses and resumes durably.

## Troubleshooting

| Symptom                                    | Check                                                                                                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `principal_required`                       | A user-scoped `connect("...")` ran without an authenticated user. Return `principalType: "user"` from route auth, or use app-scoped auth. |
| The model does not find the remote tool    | Improve the connection `description`, then check `tools.allow` / `tools.block`.                                                           |
| OAuth works locally but fails after deploy | Attach the Connect connector to the deployed Vercel project and verify the UID in `connect("...")`.                                       |
| The server rejects requests                | Confirm the MCP URL, transport support, auth scheme, and any required headers.                                                            |

## What to read next

- [Connections](../connections): shared auth, headers, approval, and per-caller patterns.
- [OpenAPI connections](./openapi): generate tools from OpenAPI operations.
- [Auth & route protection](../guides/auth-and-route-protection): route auth and the full interactive OAuth lifecycle.
- [Security model](../concepts/security-model): how connection credentials stay out of the model's reach.