/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
 * Purpose:  Utility functions for OGR classes, including some related to
 *           parsing well known text format vectors.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1999, Frank Warmerdam
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2014, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "ogr_geometry.h"
#include "ogr_p.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <limits>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>

#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_error.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "cpl_time.h"
#include "cpl_vsi.h"
#include "gdal.h"
#include "ogr_core.h"
#include "ogr_geometry.h"
#include "ogrsf_frmts.h"

// Returns whether a double fits within an int.
// Unable to put this in cpl_port.h as include limit breaks grib.
inline bool CPLIsDoubleAnInt(double d)
{
    // Write it this way to detect NaN
    if (!(d >= std::numeric_limits<int>::min() &&
          d <= std::numeric_limits<int>::max()))
    {
        return false;
    }
    return d == static_cast<double>(static_cast<int>(d));
}

namespace
{

// Remove trailing zeros except the last one.
std::string removeTrailingZeros(std::string s)
{
    auto pos = s.find('.');
    if (pos == std::string::npos)
        return s;

    // Remove zeros at the end.  We know this won't be npos because we
    // have a decimal point.
    auto nzpos = s.find_last_not_of('0');
    s = s.substr(0, nzpos + 1);

    // Make sure there is one 0 after the decimal point.
    if (s.back() == '.')
        s += '0';
    return s;
}

// Round a string representing a number by 1 in the least significant digit.
std::string roundup(std::string s)
{
    // Remove a negative sign if it exists to make processing
    // more straigtforward.
    bool negative(false);
    if (s[0] == '-')
    {
        negative = true;
        s = s.substr(1);
    }

    // Go from the back to the front.  If we increment a digit other than
    // a '9', we're done.  If we increment a '9', set it to a '0' and move
    // to the next (more significant) digit.  If we get to the front of the
    // string, add a '1' to the front of the string.
    for (int pos = static_cast<int>(s.size() - 1); pos >= 0; pos--)
    {
        if (s[pos] == '.')
            continue;
        s[pos]++;

        // Incrementing past 9 gets you a colon in ASCII.
        if (s[pos] != ':')
            break;
        else
            s[pos] = '0';
        if (pos == 0)
            s = '1' + s;
    }
    if (negative)
        s = '-' + s;
    return s;
}

// This attempts to eliminate what is likely binary -> decimal representation
// error or the result of low-order rounding with calculations.  The result
// may be more visually pleasing and takes up fewer places.
std::string intelliround(std::string &s)
{
    // If there is no decimal point, just return.
    auto dotPos = s.find(".");
    if (dotPos == std::string::npos)
        return s;

    // Don't mess with exponential formatting.
    if (s.find_first_of("eE") != std::string::npos)
        return s;
    size_t iDotPos = static_cast<size_t>(dotPos);
    size_t nCountBeforeDot = iDotPos - 1;
    if (s[0] == '-')
        nCountBeforeDot--;
    size_t i = s.size();

    // If we don't have ten characters, don't do anything.
    if (i <= 10)
        return s;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Trim trailing 00000x's as they are likely roundoff error.       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (s[i - 2] == '0' && s[i - 3] == '0' && s[i - 4] == '0' &&
        s[i - 5] == '0' && s[i - 6] == '0')
    {
        s.pop_back();
    }
    // I don't understand this case exactly.  It's like saying if the
    // value is large enough and there are sufficient sig digits before
    // a bunch of zeros, remove the zeros and any digits at the end that
    // may be nonzero.  Perhaps if we can't exactly explain in words what
    // we're doing here, we shouldn't do it?  Perhaps it should
    // be generalized?
    // The value "12345.000000011" invokes this case, if anyone
    // is interested.
    else if (iDotPos < i - 8 && (nCountBeforeDot >= 4 || s[i - 3] == '0') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 5 || s[i - 4] == '0') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 6 || s[i - 5] == '0') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 7 || s[i - 6] == '0') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 8 || s[i - 7] == '0') && s[i - 8] == '0' &&
             s[i - 9] == '0')
    {
        s.resize(s.size() - 8);
    }
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Trim trailing 99999x's as they are likely roundoff error.       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if (s[i - 2] == '9' && s[i - 3] == '9' && s[i - 4] == '9' &&
             s[i - 5] == '9' && s[i - 6] == '9')
    {
        s.resize(i - 6);
        s = roundup(s);
    }
    else if (iDotPos < i - 9 && (nCountBeforeDot >= 4 || s[i - 3] == '9') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 5 || s[i - 4] == '9') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 6 || s[i - 5] == '9') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 7 || s[i - 6] == '9') &&
             (nCountBeforeDot >= 8 || s[i - 7] == '9') && s[i - 8] == '9' &&
             s[i - 9] == '9')
    {
        s.resize(i - 9);
        s = roundup(s);
    }
    return s;
}

}  // unnamed namespace

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRFormatDouble()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRFormatDouble(char *pszBuffer, int nBufferLen, double dfVal,
                     char chDecimalSep, int nPrecision,
                     char chConversionSpecifier)
{
    OGRWktOptions opts;

    opts.xyPrecision = nPrecision;
    opts.zPrecision = nPrecision;
    opts.mPrecision = nPrecision;
    opts.format = (chConversionSpecifier == 'g' || chConversionSpecifier == 'G')
                      ? OGRWktFormat::G
                      : OGRWktFormat::F;

    std::string s = OGRFormatDouble(dfVal, opts, 1);
    if (chDecimalSep != '\0' && chDecimalSep != '.')
    {
        auto pos = s.find('.');
        if (pos != std::string::npos)
            s.replace(pos, 1, std::string(1, chDecimalSep));
    }
    if (s.size() + 1 > static_cast<size_t>(nBufferLen))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Truncated double value %s to "
                 "%s.",
                 s.data(), s.substr(0, nBufferLen - 1).data());
        s.resize(nBufferLen - 1);
    }
    strcpy(pszBuffer, s.data());
}

/// Simplified OGRFormatDouble that can be made to adhere to provided
/// options.
std::string OGRFormatDouble(double val, const OGRWktOptions &opts, int nDimIdx)
{
    // So to have identical cross platform representation.
    if (std::isinf(val))
        return (val > 0) ? "inf" : "-inf";
    if (std::isnan(val))
        return "nan";

    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss.imbue(std::locale::classic());  // Make sure we output decimal points.
    bool l_round(opts.round);
    if (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::F ||
        (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::Default && fabs(val) < 1))
        oss << std::fixed;
    else
    {
        // Uppercase because OGC spec says capital 'E'.
        oss << std::uppercase;
        l_round = false;
    }
    oss << std::setprecision(nDimIdx < 3    ? opts.xyPrecision
                             : nDimIdx == 3 ? opts.zPrecision
                                            : opts.mPrecision);
    oss << val;

    std::string sval = oss.str();

    if (l_round)
        sval = intelliround(sval);
    return removeTrailingZeros(std::move(sval));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRMakeWktCoordinate()                        */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Format a well known text coordinate, trying to keep the         */
/*      ASCII representation compact, but accurate.  These rules        */
/*      will have to tighten up in the future.                          */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Currently a new point should require no more than 64            */
/*      characters barring the X or Y value being extremely large.      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRMakeWktCoordinate(char *pszTarget, double x, double y, double z,
                          int nDimension)

{
    std::string wkt =
        OGRMakeWktCoordinate(x, y, z, nDimension, OGRWktOptions());
    memcpy(pszTarget, wkt.data(), wkt.size() + 1);
}

static bool isInteger(const std::string &s)
{
    return s.find_first_not_of("0123456789") == std::string::npos;
}

std::string OGRMakeWktCoordinate(double x, double y, double z, int nDimension,
                                 const OGRWktOptions &opts)
{
    std::string wkt;

    // Why do we do this?  Seems especially strange since we're ADDING
    // ".0" onto values in the case below.  The "&&" here also seems strange.
    if (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::Default && CPLIsDoubleAnInt(x) &&
        CPLIsDoubleAnInt(y))
    {
        wkt = std::to_string(static_cast<int>(x));
        wkt += ' ';
        wkt += std::to_string(static_cast<int>(y));
    }
    else
    {
        wkt = OGRFormatDouble(x, opts, 1);
        // ABELL - Why do we do special formatting?
        if (isInteger(wkt))
            wkt += ".0";
        wkt += ' ';

        std::string yval = OGRFormatDouble(y, opts, 2);
        if (isInteger(yval))
            yval += ".0";
        wkt += yval;
    }

    if (nDimension == 3)
    {
        wkt += ' ';
        if (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::Default && CPLIsDoubleAnInt(z))
            wkt += std::to_string(static_cast<int>(z));
        else
        {
            wkt += OGRFormatDouble(z, opts, 3);
        }
    }
    return wkt;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRMakeWktCoordinateM()                       */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Format a well known text coordinate, trying to keep the         */
/*      ASCII representation compact, but accurate.  These rules        */
/*      will have to tighten up in the future.                          */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Currently a new point should require no more than 64            */
/*      characters barring the X or Y value being extremely large.      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRMakeWktCoordinateM(char *pszTarget, double x, double y, double z,
                           double m, OGRBoolean hasZ, OGRBoolean hasM)

{
    std::string wkt =
        OGRMakeWktCoordinateM(x, y, z, m, hasZ, hasM, OGRWktOptions());
    memcpy(pszTarget, wkt.data(), wkt.size() + 1);
}

std::string OGRMakeWktCoordinateM(double x, double y, double z, double m,
                                  OGRBoolean hasZ, OGRBoolean hasM,
                                  const OGRWktOptions &opts)
{
    std::string wkt;
    if (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::Default && CPLIsDoubleAnInt(x) &&
        CPLIsDoubleAnInt(y))
    {
        wkt = std::to_string(static_cast<int>(x));
        wkt += ' ';
        wkt += std::to_string(static_cast<int>(y));
    }
    else
    {
        wkt = OGRFormatDouble(x, opts, 1);
        if (isInteger(wkt))
            wkt += ".0";
        wkt += ' ';

        std::string yval = OGRFormatDouble(y, opts, 2);
        if (isInteger(yval))
            yval += ".0";
        wkt += yval;
    }

    if (hasZ)
    {
        wkt += ' ';
        if (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::Default && CPLIsDoubleAnInt(z))
            wkt += std::to_string(static_cast<int>(z));
        else
            wkt += OGRFormatDouble(z, opts, 3);
    }

    if (hasM)
    {
        wkt += ' ';
        if (opts.format == OGRWktFormat::Default && CPLIsDoubleAnInt(m))
            wkt += std::to_string(static_cast<int>(m));
        else
            wkt += OGRFormatDouble(m, opts, 4);
    }
    return wkt;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGRWktReadToken()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Read one token or delimiter and put into token buffer.  Pre     */
/*      and post white space is swallowed.                              */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRWktReadToken(const char *pszInput, char *pszToken)

{
    if (pszInput == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Swallow pre-white space.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ' || *pszInput == '\t' || *pszInput == '\n' ||
           *pszInput == '\r')
        ++pszInput;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this is a delimiter, read just one character.                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (*pszInput == '(' || *pszInput == ')' || *pszInput == ',')
    {
        pszToken[0] = *pszInput;
        pszToken[1] = '\0';

        ++pszInput;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Or if it alpha numeric read till we reach non-alpha numeric     */
    /*      text.                                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else
    {
        int iChar = 0;

        while (iChar < OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX - 1 &&
               ((*pszInput >= 'a' && *pszInput <= 'z') ||
                (*pszInput >= 'A' && *pszInput <= 'Z') ||
                (*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9') || *pszInput == '.' ||
                *pszInput == '+' || *pszInput == '-'))
        {
            pszToken[iChar++] = *(pszInput++);
        }

        pszToken[iChar++] = '\0';
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Eat any trailing white space.                                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ' || *pszInput == '\t' || *pszInput == '\n' ||
           *pszInput == '\r')
        ++pszInput;

    return pszInput;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGRWktReadPoints()                          */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Read a point string.  The point list must be contained in       */
/*      brackets and each point pair separated by a comma.              */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRWktReadPoints(const char *pszInput, OGRRawPoint **ppaoPoints,
                             double **ppadfZ, int *pnMaxPoints,
                             int *pnPointsRead)

{
    const char *pszOrigInput = pszInput;
    *pnPointsRead = 0;

    if (pszInput == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Eat any leading white space.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ' || *pszInput == '\t')
        ++pszInput;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this isn't an opening bracket then we have a problem.        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (*pszInput != '(')
    {
        CPLDebug("OGR", "Expected '(', but got %s in OGRWktReadPoints().",
                 pszInput);

        return pszInput;
    }

    ++pszInput;

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      This loop reads a single point.  It will continue till we       */
    /*      run out of well formed points, or a closing bracket is          */
    /*      encountered.                                                    */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    char szDelim[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};

    do
    {
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Read the X and Y values, verify they are numeric. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        char szTokenX[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};
        char szTokenY[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};

        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szTokenX);
        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szTokenY);

        if ((!isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szTokenX[0])) &&
             szTokenX[0] != '-' && szTokenX[0] != '.') ||
            (!isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szTokenY[0])) &&
             szTokenY[0] != '-' && szTokenY[0] != '.'))
            return nullptr;

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Do we need to grow the point list to hold this point? */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (*pnPointsRead == *pnMaxPoints)
        {
            *pnMaxPoints = *pnMaxPoints * 2 + 10;
            *ppaoPoints = static_cast<OGRRawPoint *>(
                CPLRealloc(*ppaoPoints, sizeof(OGRRawPoint) * *pnMaxPoints));

            if (*ppadfZ != nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfZ = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLRealloc(*ppadfZ, sizeof(double) * *pnMaxPoints));
            }
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Add point to list. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        (*ppaoPoints)[*pnPointsRead].x = CPLAtof(szTokenX);
        (*ppaoPoints)[*pnPointsRead].y = CPLAtof(szTokenY);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Do we have a Z coordinate? */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);

        if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
            szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.')
        {
            if (*ppadfZ == nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfZ = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLCalloc(sizeof(double), *pnMaxPoints));
            }

            (*ppadfZ)[*pnPointsRead] = CPLAtof(szDelim);

            pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);
        }
        else if (*ppadfZ != nullptr)
        {
            (*ppadfZ)[*pnPointsRead] = 0.0;
        }

        ++(*pnPointsRead);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Do we have a M coordinate? */
        /*      If we do, just skip it. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
            szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.')
        {
            pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Read next delimiter ... it should be a comma if there are */
        /*      more points. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (szDelim[0] != ')' && szDelim[0] != ',')
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR",
                     "Corrupt input in OGRWktReadPoints().  "
                     "Got `%s' when expecting `,' or `)', near `%s' in %s.",
                     szDelim, pszInput, pszOrigInput);
            return nullptr;
        }
    } while (szDelim[0] == ',');

    return pszInput;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGRWktReadPointsM()                         */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Read a point string.  The point list must be contained in       */
/*      brackets and each point pair separated by a comma.              */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRWktReadPointsM(const char *pszInput, OGRRawPoint **ppaoPoints,
                              double **ppadfZ, double **ppadfM, int *flags,
                              int *pnMaxPoints, int *pnPointsRead)

{
    const char *pszOrigInput = pszInput;
    const bool bNoFlags = !(*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_3D) &&
                          !(*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_MEASURED);
    *pnPointsRead = 0;

    if (pszInput == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Eat any leading white space.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ' || *pszInput == '\t')
        ++pszInput;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this isn't an opening bracket then we have a problem.        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (*pszInput != '(')
    {
        CPLDebug("OGR", "Expected '(', but got %s in OGRWktReadPointsM().",
                 pszInput);

        return pszInput;
    }

    ++pszInput;

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      This loop reads a single point.  It will continue till we       */
    /*      run out of well formed points, or a closing bracket is          */
    /*      encountered.                                                    */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    char szDelim[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};

    do
    {
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Read the X and Y values, verify they are numeric. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        char szTokenX[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};
        char szTokenY[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};

        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szTokenX);
        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szTokenY);

        if ((!isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szTokenX[0])) &&
             szTokenX[0] != '-' && szTokenX[0] != '.' &&
             !EQUAL(szTokenX, "nan")) ||
            (!isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szTokenY[0])) &&
             szTokenY[0] != '-' && szTokenY[0] != '.' &&
             !EQUAL(szTokenY, "nan")))
            return nullptr;

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Do we need to grow the point list to hold this point? */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (*pnPointsRead == *pnMaxPoints)
        {
            *pnMaxPoints = *pnMaxPoints * 2 + 10;
            *ppaoPoints = static_cast<OGRRawPoint *>(
                CPLRealloc(*ppaoPoints, sizeof(OGRRawPoint) * *pnMaxPoints));

            if (*ppadfZ != nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfZ = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLRealloc(*ppadfZ, sizeof(double) * *pnMaxPoints));
            }

            if (*ppadfM != nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfM = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLRealloc(*ppadfM, sizeof(double) * *pnMaxPoints));
            }
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Add point to list. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        (*ppaoPoints)[*pnPointsRead].x = CPLAtof(szTokenX);
        (*ppaoPoints)[*pnPointsRead].y = CPLAtof(szTokenY);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Read the next token. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      If there are unexpectedly more coordinates, they are Z. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        if (!(*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_3D) &&
            !(*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_MEASURED) &&
            (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
             szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.' || EQUAL(szDelim, "nan")))
        {
            *flags |= OGRGeometry::OGR_G_3D;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Get Z if flag says so. */
        /*      Zero out possible remains from earlier strings. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        if (*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_3D)
        {
            if (*ppadfZ == nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfZ = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLCalloc(sizeof(double), *pnMaxPoints));
            }
            if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
                szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.' || EQUAL(szDelim, "nan"))
            {
                (*ppadfZ)[*pnPointsRead] = CPLAtof(szDelim);
                pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);
            }
            else
            {
                (*ppadfZ)[*pnPointsRead] = 0.0;
            }
        }
        else if (*ppadfZ != nullptr)
        {
            (*ppadfZ)[*pnPointsRead] = 0.0;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      If there are unexpectedly even more coordinates, */
        /*      they are discarded unless there were no flags originally. */
        /*      This is for backwards compatibility. Should this be an error? */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        if (!(*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_MEASURED) &&
            (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
             szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.' || EQUAL(szDelim, "nan")))
        {
            if (bNoFlags)
            {
                *flags |= OGRGeometry::OGR_G_MEASURED;
            }
            else
            {
                pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);
            }
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Get M if flag says so. */
        /*      Zero out possible remains from earlier strings. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        if (*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_MEASURED)
        {
            if (*ppadfM == nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfM = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLCalloc(sizeof(double), *pnMaxPoints));
            }
            if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
                szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.' || EQUAL(szDelim, "nan"))
            {
                (*ppadfM)[*pnPointsRead] = CPLAtof(szDelim);
                pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);
            }
            else
            {
                (*ppadfM)[*pnPointsRead] = 0.0;
            }
        }
        else if (*ppadfM != nullptr)
        {
            (*ppadfM)[*pnPointsRead] = 0.0;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      If there are still more coordinates and we do not have Z */
        /*      then we have a case of flags == M and four coordinates. */
        /*      This is allowed in BNF. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        if (!(*flags & OGRGeometry::OGR_G_3D) &&
            (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(szDelim[0])) ||
             szDelim[0] == '-' || szDelim[0] == '.' || EQUAL(szDelim, "nan")))
        {
            *flags |= OGRGeometry::OGR_G_3D;
            if (*ppadfZ == nullptr)
            {
                *ppadfZ = static_cast<double *>(
                    CPLCalloc(sizeof(double), *pnMaxPoints));
            }
            (*ppadfZ)[*pnPointsRead] = (*ppadfM)[*pnPointsRead];
            (*ppadfM)[*pnPointsRead] = CPLAtof(szDelim);
            pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szDelim);
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Increase points index. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        ++(*pnPointsRead);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      The next delimiter should be a comma or an ending bracket. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (szDelim[0] != ')' && szDelim[0] != ',')
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR",
                     "Corrupt input in OGRWktReadPointsM()  "
                     "Got `%s' when expecting `,' or `)', near `%s' in %s.",
                     szDelim, pszInput, pszOrigInput);
            return nullptr;
        }
    } while (szDelim[0] == ',');

    return pszInput;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             OGRMalloc()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Cover for CPLMalloc()                                           */
/************************************************************************/

void *OGRMalloc(size_t size)

{
    return CPLMalloc(size);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             OGRCalloc()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Cover for CPLCalloc()                                           */
/************************************************************************/

void *OGRCalloc(size_t count, size_t size)

{
    return CPLCalloc(count, size);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             OGRRealloc()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Cover for CPLRealloc()                                          */
/************************************************************************/

void *OGRRealloc(void *pOld, size_t size)

{
    return CPLRealloc(pOld, size);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              OGRFree()                               */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Cover for CPLFree().                                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRFree(void *pMemory)

{
    CPLFree(pMemory);
}

/**
 * \fn OGRGeneralCmdLineProcessor(int, char***, int)
 * General utility option processing.
 *
 * This function is intended to provide a variety of generic commandline
 * options for all OGR commandline utilities.  It takes care of the following
 * commandline options:
 *
 *  --version: report version of GDAL in use.
 *  --license: report GDAL license info.
 *  --format [format]: report details of one format driver.
 *  --formats: report all format drivers configured.
 *  --optfile filename: expand an option file into the argument list.
 *  --config key value: set system configuration option.
 *  --debug [on/off/value]: set debug level.
 *  --pause: Pause for user input (allows time to attach debugger)
 *  --locale [locale]: Install a locale using setlocale() (debugging)
 *  --help-general: report detailed help on general options.
 *
 * The argument array is replaced "in place" and should be freed with
 * CSLDestroy() when no longer needed.  The typical usage looks something
 * like the following.  Note that the formats should be registered so that
 * the --formats option will work properly.
 *
 *  int main( int argc, char ** argv )
 *  {
 *    OGRRegisterAll();
 *
 *    argc = OGRGeneralCmdLineProcessor( argc, &argv, 0 );
 *    if( argc < 1 )
 *        exit( -argc );
 *
 * @param nArgc number of values in the argument list.
 * @param ppapszArgv pointer to the argument list array (will be updated in
 * place).
 * @param nOptions unused.
 *
 * @return updated nArgc argument count.  Return of 0 requests terminate
 * without error, return of -1 requests exit with error code.
 */

int OGRGeneralCmdLineProcessor(int nArgc, char ***ppapszArgv,
                               CPL_UNUSED int nOptions)

{
    return GDALGeneralCmdLineProcessor(nArgc, ppapszArgv, GDAL_OF_VECTOR);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGRTimezoneToTZFlag()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Converts a text timezone into OGR TZFlag integer representation.
 *
 * @param pszTZ "UTC", "Etc/UTC", or "(+/-)[0-9][0-9](:?)[0-9][0-9]"
 * @param bEmitErrorIfUnhandledFormat Whether to emit an error if pszTZ is
 *                                    a non-empty string with unrecognized
 *                                    format.
 */
int OGRTimezoneToTZFlag(const char *pszTZ, bool bEmitErrorIfUnhandledFormat)
{
    int nTZFlag = OGR_TZFLAG_UNKNOWN;
    const size_t nTZLen = strlen(pszTZ);
    if (strcmp(pszTZ, "UTC") == 0 || strcmp(pszTZ, "Etc/UTC") == 0)
    {
        nTZFlag = OGR_TZFLAG_UTC;
    }
    else if ((pszTZ[0] == '+' || pszTZ[0] == '-') &&
             ((nTZLen == 6 && pszTZ[3] == ':') ||
              (nTZLen == 5 && pszTZ[3] >= '0' && pszTZ[3] <= '9')))
    {
        int nTZHour = atoi(pszTZ + 1);
        int nTZMin = atoi(pszTZ + (nTZLen == 6 ? 4 : 3));
        if (nTZHour >= 0 && nTZHour <= 14 && nTZMin >= 0 && nTZMin < 60 &&
            (nTZMin % 15) == 0)
        {
            nTZFlag = (nTZHour * 4) + (nTZMin / 15);
            if (pszTZ[0] == '+')
            {
                nTZFlag = OGR_TZFLAG_UTC + nTZFlag;
            }
            else
            {
                nTZFlag = OGR_TZFLAG_UTC - nTZFlag;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (pszTZ[0] != 0 && bEmitErrorIfUnhandledFormat)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Unrecognized timezone: '%s'",
                 pszTZ);
    }
    return nTZFlag;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGRTZFlagToTimezone()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Converts a OGR TZFlag integer representation into a string
 *
 * @param nTZFlag OGR TZFlag integer (only ones with
 *        value > OGR_TZFLAG_MIXED_TZ will yield a non-empty output)
 * @param pszUTCRepresentation String to return if nTZFlag == OGR_TZFLAG_UTC.
 *                             Typically "UTC", "Z", or "+00:00"
 */
std::string OGRTZFlagToTimezone(int nTZFlag, const char *pszUTCRepresentation)
{
    if (nTZFlag == OGR_TZFLAG_UTC)
    {
        return pszUTCRepresentation;
    }
    else if (nTZFlag > OGR_TZFLAG_MIXED_TZ)
    {
        char chSign;
        const int nOffset = (nTZFlag - OGR_TZFLAG_UTC) * 15;
        int nHours = static_cast<int>(nOffset / 60);  // Round towards zero.
        const int nMinutes = std::abs(nOffset - nHours * 60);

        if (nOffset < 0)
        {
            chSign = '-';
            nHours = std::abs(nHours);
        }
        else
        {
            chSign = '+';
        }
        return CPLSPrintf("%c%02d:%02d", chSign, nHours, nMinutes);
    }
    else
    {
        return std::string();
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            OGRParseDate()                            */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Parse a variety of text date formats into an OGRField.          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Parse date string.
 *
 * This function attempts to parse a date string in a variety of formats
 * into the OGRField.Date format suitable for use with OGR.  Generally
 * speaking this function is expecting values like:
 *
 *   YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS(.sss)?+nn
 *   or YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(.sss)?Z (ISO 8601 format)
 *   or YYYY-MM-DDZ
 *   or THH:MM(:SS(.sss)?)?Z? (ISO 8601 extended format)
 *   or THHMM(SS(.sss)?)?Z? (ISO 8601 basic format)
 *
 * The seconds may also have a decimal portion (parsed as milliseconds).  And
 * just dates (YYYY-MM-DD) or just times (HH:MM:SS[.sss]) are also supported.
 * The date may also be in YYYY/MM/DD format.  If the year is less than 100
 * and greater than 30 a "1900" century value will be set.  If it is less than
 * 30 and greater than -1 then a "2000" century value will be set.  In
 * the future this function may be generalized, and additional control
 * provided through nOptions, but an nOptions value of "0" should always do
 * a reasonable default form of processing.
 *
 * The value of psField will be indeterminate if the function fails (returns
 * FALSE).
 *
 * @param pszInput the input date string.
 * @param psField the OGRField that will be updated with the parsed result.
 * @param nOptions parsing options. 0 or OGRPARSEDATE_OPTION_LAX
 *
 * @return TRUE if apparently successful or FALSE on failure.
 */

int OGRParseDate(const char *pszInput, OGRField *psField, int nOptions)
{
    psField->Date.Year = 0;
    psField->Date.Month = 0;
    psField->Date.Day = 0;
    psField->Date.Hour = 0;
    psField->Date.Minute = 0;
    psField->Date.Second = 0;
    psField->Date.TZFlag = 0;
    psField->Date.Reserved = 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we have a date?                                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ')
        ++pszInput;

    bool bGotSomething = false;
    bool bTFound = false;
    if (strchr(pszInput, '-') || strchr(pszInput, '/'))
    {
        if (!(*pszInput == '-' || *pszInput == '+' ||
              (*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9')))
            return FALSE;
        int nYear = atoi(pszInput);
        if (nYear > std::numeric_limits<GInt16>::max() ||
            nYear < std::numeric_limits<GInt16>::min())
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                     "Years < %d or > %d are not supported",
                     std::numeric_limits<GInt16>::min(),
                     std::numeric_limits<GInt16>::max());
            return FALSE;
        }
        psField->Date.Year = static_cast<GInt16>(nYear);
        if ((pszInput[1] == '-' || pszInput[1] == '/') ||
            (pszInput[1] != '\0' && (pszInput[2] == '-' || pszInput[2] == '/')))
        {
            if (psField->Date.Year < 100 && psField->Date.Year >= 30)
                psField->Date.Year += 1900;
            else if (psField->Date.Year < 30 && psField->Date.Year >= 0)
                psField->Date.Year += 2000;
        }

        if (*pszInput == '-')
            ++pszInput;
        while (*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9')
            ++pszInput;
        if (*pszInput != '-' && *pszInput != '/')
            return FALSE;
        else
            ++pszInput;

        if (!(*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9'))
            return FALSE;
        if (!(pszInput[1] >= '0' && pszInput[1] <= '9'))
        {
            if ((nOptions & OGRPARSEDATE_OPTION_LAX) == 0)
                return FALSE;
            const int nMonth = (pszInput[0] - '0');
            if (nMonth == 0)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Month = static_cast<GByte>(nMonth);
            ++pszInput;
        }
        else
        {
            const int nMonth = (pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0');
            if (nMonth == 0 || nMonth > 12)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Month = static_cast<GByte>(nMonth);

            pszInput += 2;
        }
        if (*pszInput != '-' && *pszInput != '/')
            return FALSE;
        else
            ++pszInput;

        if (!(*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9'))
            return FALSE;
        if (!(pszInput[1] >= '0' && pszInput[1] <= '9'))
        {
            if ((nOptions & OGRPARSEDATE_OPTION_LAX) == 0)
                return FALSE;
            const int nDay = (pszInput[0] - '0');
            if (nDay == 0)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Day = static_cast<GByte>(nDay);
            ++pszInput;
        }
        else
        {
            const int nDay = (pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0');
            if (nDay == 0 || nDay > 31)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Day = static_cast<GByte>(nDay);

            pszInput += 2;
        }
        if (*pszInput == '\0')
            return TRUE;

        bGotSomething = true;

        // If ISO 8601 format.
        if (*pszInput == 'T')
        {
            bTFound = true;
            ++pszInput;
        }
        else if (*pszInput == 'Z')
            return TRUE;
        else if (*pszInput != ' ')
            return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we have a time?                                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ')
        ++pszInput;
    if (*pszInput == 'T')
    {
        bTFound = true;
        ++pszInput;
    }

    if (bTFound || strchr(pszInput, ':'))
    {
        if (!(*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9'))
            return FALSE;
        if (!(pszInput[1] >= '0' && pszInput[1] <= '9'))
        {
            if ((nOptions & OGRPARSEDATE_OPTION_LAX) == 0)
                return FALSE;

            if (!((bTFound || pszInput[1] == ':')))
                return FALSE;
            const int nHour = (pszInput[0] - '0');
            psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>(nHour);

            pszInput++;
        }
        else
        {
            if (!((bTFound || pszInput[2] == ':')))
                return FALSE;
            const int nHour = (pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0');
            if (nHour > 23)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>(nHour);

            pszInput += 2;
        }
        if (*pszInput == ':')
            ++pszInput;

        if (!(*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9'))
            return FALSE;
        if (!(pszInput[1] >= '0' && pszInput[1] <= '9'))
        {
            if ((nOptions & OGRPARSEDATE_OPTION_LAX) == 0)
                return FALSE;

            const int nMinute = (pszInput[0] - '0');
            psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>(nMinute);

            pszInput++;
        }
        else
        {
            const int nMinute = (pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0');
            if (nMinute > 59)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>(nMinute);

            pszInput += 2;
        }

        if ((bTFound && *pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9') ||
            *pszInput == ':')
        {
            if (*pszInput == ':')
                ++pszInput;

            if (!(*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9' &&
                  (((nOptions & OGRPARSEDATE_OPTION_LAX) != 0) ||
                   (pszInput[1] >= '0' && pszInput[1] <= '9'))))
                return FALSE;
            const double dfSeconds = CPLAtof(pszInput);
            // We accept second=60 for leap seconds
            if (dfSeconds > 60.0)
                return FALSE;
            psField->Date.Second = static_cast<float>(dfSeconds);

            pszInput += 2;
            if (*pszInput == '.')
            {
                ++pszInput;
                while (*pszInput >= '0' && *pszInput <= '9')
                {
                    ++pszInput;
                }
            }

            // If ISO 8601 format.
            if (*pszInput == 'Z')
            {
                psField->Date.TZFlag = 100;
            }
        }

        bGotSomething = true;
    }
    else if (bGotSomething && *pszInput != '\0')
        return FALSE;

    // No date or time!
    if (!bGotSomething)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we have a timezone?                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    while (*pszInput == ' ')
        ++pszInput;

    if (*pszInput == '-' || *pszInput == '+')
    {
        // +HH integral offset
        if (strlen(pszInput) <= 3)
        {
            psField->Date.TZFlag = static_cast<GByte>(100 + atoi(pszInput) * 4);
        }
        else if (pszInput[3] == ':'  // +HH:MM offset
                 && atoi(pszInput + 4) % 15 == 0)
        {
            psField->Date.TZFlag = static_cast<GByte>(
                100 + atoi(pszInput + 1) * 4 + (atoi(pszInput + 4) / 15));

            if (pszInput[0] == '-')
                psField->Date.TZFlag = -1 * (psField->Date.TZFlag - 100) + 100;
        }
        else if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(pszInput[3])) &&
                 isdigit(
                     static_cast<unsigned char>(pszInput[4]))  // +HHMM offset
                 && atoi(pszInput + 3) % 15 == 0)
        {
            psField->Date.TZFlag = static_cast<GByte>(
                100 + static_cast<GByte>(CPLScanLong(pszInput + 1, 2)) * 4 +
                (atoi(pszInput + 3) / 15));

            if (pszInput[0] == '-')
                psField->Date.TZFlag = -1 * (psField->Date.TZFlag - 100) + 100;
        }
        else if (isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(pszInput[3])) &&
                 pszInput[4] == '\0'  // +HMM offset
                 && atoi(pszInput + 2) % 15 == 0)
        {
            psField->Date.TZFlag = static_cast<GByte>(
                100 + static_cast<GByte>(CPLScanLong(pszInput + 1, 1)) * 4 +
                (atoi(pszInput + 2) / 15));

            if (pszInput[0] == '-')
                psField->Date.TZFlag = -1 * (psField->Date.TZFlag - 100) + 100;
        }
        // otherwise ignore any timezone info.
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*               OGRParseDateTimeYYYYMMDDTHHMMZ()                       */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRParseDateTimeYYYYMMDDTHHMMZ(const char *pszInput, size_t nLen,
                                    OGRField *psField)
{
    // Detect "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM[Z]" (16 or 17 characters)
    if ((nLen == 16 || (nLen == 17 && pszInput[16] == 'Z')) &&
        pszInput[4] == '-' && pszInput[7] == '-' && pszInput[10] == 'T' &&
        pszInput[13] == ':' && static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[0] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[1] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[2] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[3] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[5] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[6] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[8] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[9] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[11] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[12] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[14] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[15] - '0') <= 9)
    {
        psField->Date.Year = static_cast<GInt16>(
            ((((pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0')) * 10) +
             (pszInput[2] - '0')) *
                10 +
            (pszInput[3] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Month =
            static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[5] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[6] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Day =
            static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[8] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[9] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[11] - '0') * 10 +
                                                (pszInput[12] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[14] - '0') * 10 +
                                                  (pszInput[15] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Second = 0.0f;
        psField->Date.TZFlag = nLen == 16 ? 0 : 100;
        psField->Date.Reserved = 0;
        if (psField->Date.Month == 0 || psField->Date.Month > 12 ||
            psField->Date.Day == 0 || psField->Date.Day > 31 ||
            psField->Date.Hour > 23 || psField->Date.Minute > 59)
        {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*               OGRParseDateTimeYYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ()                     */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRParseDateTimeYYYYMMDDTHHMMSSZ(const char *pszInput, size_t nLen,
                                      OGRField *psField)
{
    // Detect "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[Z]" (19 or 20 characters)
    if ((nLen == 19 || (nLen == 20 && pszInput[19] == 'Z')) &&
        pszInput[4] == '-' && pszInput[7] == '-' && pszInput[10] == 'T' &&
        pszInput[13] == ':' && pszInput[16] == ':' &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[0] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[1] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[2] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[3] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[5] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[6] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[8] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[9] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[11] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[12] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[14] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[15] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[17] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[18] - '0') <= 9)
    {
        psField->Date.Year = static_cast<GInt16>(
            ((((pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0')) * 10) +
             (pszInput[2] - '0')) *
                10 +
            (pszInput[3] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Month =
            static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[5] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[6] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Day =
            static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[8] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[9] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[11] - '0') * 10 +
                                                (pszInput[12] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[14] - '0') * 10 +
                                                  (pszInput[15] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Second = static_cast<float>(
            ((pszInput[17] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[18] - '0')));
        psField->Date.TZFlag = nLen == 19 ? 0 : 100;
        psField->Date.Reserved = 0;
        if (psField->Date.Month == 0 || psField->Date.Month > 12 ||
            psField->Date.Day == 0 || psField->Date.Day > 31 ||
            psField->Date.Hour > 23 || psField->Date.Minute > 59 ||
            psField->Date.Second >= 61.0f)
        {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*              OGRParseDateTimeYYYYMMDDTHHMMSSsssZ()                   */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRParseDateTimeYYYYMMDDTHHMMSSsssZ(const char *pszInput, size_t nLen,
                                         OGRField *psField)
{
    // Detect "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.SSS[Z]" (23 or 24 characters)
    if ((nLen == 23 || (nLen == 24 && pszInput[23] == 'Z')) &&
        pszInput[4] == '-' && pszInput[7] == '-' && pszInput[10] == 'T' &&
        pszInput[13] == ':' && pszInput[16] == ':' && pszInput[19] == '.' &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[0] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[1] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[2] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[3] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[5] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[6] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[8] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[9] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[11] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[12] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[14] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[15] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[17] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[18] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[20] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[21] - '0') <= 9 &&
        static_cast<unsigned>(pszInput[22] - '0') <= 9)
    {
        psField->Date.Year = static_cast<GInt16>(
            ((((pszInput[0] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[1] - '0')) * 10) +
             (pszInput[2] - '0')) *
                10 +
            (pszInput[3] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Month =
            static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[5] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[6] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Day =
            static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[8] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[9] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[11] - '0') * 10 +
                                                (pszInput[12] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>((pszInput[14] - '0') * 10 +
                                                  (pszInput[15] - '0'));
        psField->Date.Second = static_cast<float>(
            ((pszInput[17] - '0') * 10 + (pszInput[18] - '0')) +
            ((pszInput[20] - '0') * 100 + (pszInput[21] - '0') * 10 +
             (pszInput[22] - '0')) /
                1000.0);
        psField->Date.TZFlag = nLen == 23 ? 0 : 100;
        psField->Date.Reserved = 0;
        if (psField->Date.Month == 0 || psField->Date.Month > 12 ||
            psField->Date.Day == 0 || psField->Date.Day > 31 ||
            psField->Date.Hour > 23 || psField->Date.Minute > 59 ||
            psField->Date.Second >= 61.0f)
        {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGRParseXMLDateTime()                      */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRParseXMLDateTime(const char *pszXMLDateTime, OGRField *psField)
{
    int year = 0;
    int month = 0;
    int day = 0;
    int hour = 0;
    int minute = 0;
    int TZHour = 0;
    int TZMinute = 0;
    float second = 0;
    char c = '\0';
    int TZ = 0;
    bool bRet = false;

    // Date is expressed as a UTC date.
    if (sscanf(pszXMLDateTime, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%f%c", &year, &month,
               &day, &hour, &minute, &second, &c) == 7 &&
        c == 'Z')
    {
        TZ = 100;
        bRet = true;
    }
    // Date is expressed as a UTC date, with a timezone.
    else if (sscanf(pszXMLDateTime, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%f%c%02d:%02d",
                    &year, &month, &day, &hour, &minute, &second, &c, &TZHour,
                    &TZMinute) == 9 &&
             (c == '+' || c == '-'))
    {
        TZ = 100 + ((c == '+') ? 1 : -1) * ((TZHour * 60 + TZMinute) / 15);
        bRet = true;
    }
    // Date is expressed into an unknown timezone.
    else if (sscanf(pszXMLDateTime, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%f", &year,
                    &month, &day, &hour, &minute, &second) == 6)
    {
        TZ = 0;
        bRet = true;
    }
    // Date is expressed as a UTC date with only year:month:day.
    else if (sscanf(pszXMLDateTime, "%04d-%02d-%02d", &year, &month, &day) == 3)
    {
        TZ = 0;
        bRet = true;
    }
    // Date is expressed as a UTC date with only year:month.
    else if (sscanf(pszXMLDateTime, "%04d-%02d", &year, &month) == 2)
    {
        TZ = 0;
        bRet = true;
        day = 1;
    }

    if (!bRet)
        return FALSE;

    psField->Date.Year = static_cast<GInt16>(year);
    psField->Date.Month = static_cast<GByte>(month);
    psField->Date.Day = static_cast<GByte>(day);
    psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>(hour);
    psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>(minute);
    psField->Date.Second = second;
    psField->Date.TZFlag = static_cast<GByte>(TZ);
    psField->Date.Reserved = 0;

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGRParseRFC822DateTime()                        */
/************************************************************************/

static const char *const aszMonthStr[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
                                          "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug",
                                          "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};

int OGRParseRFC822DateTime(const char *pszRFC822DateTime, OGRField *psField)
{
    int nYear, nMonth, nDay, nHour, nMinute, nSecond, nTZFlag;
    if (!CPLParseRFC822DateTime(pszRFC822DateTime, &nYear, &nMonth, &nDay,
                                &nHour, &nMinute, &nSecond, &nTZFlag, nullptr))
    {
        return false;
    }

    psField->Date.Year = static_cast<GInt16>(nYear);
    psField->Date.Month = static_cast<GByte>(nMonth);
    psField->Date.Day = static_cast<GByte>(nDay);
    psField->Date.Hour = static_cast<GByte>(nHour);
    psField->Date.Minute = static_cast<GByte>(nMinute);
    psField->Date.Second = (nSecond < 0) ? 0.0f : static_cast<float>(nSecond);
    psField->Date.TZFlag = static_cast<GByte>(nTZFlag);
    psField->Date.Reserved = 0;

    return true;
}

/**
  * Returns the day of the week in Gregorian calendar
  *
  * @param day : day of the month, between 1 and 31
  * @param month : month of the year, between 1 (Jan) and 12 (Dec)
  * @param year : year

  * @return day of the week : 0 for Monday, ... 6 for Sunday
  */

int OGRGetDayOfWeek(int day, int month, int year)
{
    // Reference: Zeller's congruence.
    const int q = day;
    int m = month;
    if (month >= 3)
    {
        // m = month;
    }
    else
    {
        m = month + 12;
        year--;
    }
    const int K = year % 100;
    const int J = year / 100;
    const int h = (q + (((m + 1) * 26) / 10) + K + K / 4 + J / 4 + 5 * J) % 7;
    return (h + 5) % 7;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGRGetRFC822DateTime()                       */
/************************************************************************/

char *OGRGetRFC822DateTime(const OGRField *psField)
{
    char *pszTZ = nullptr;
    const char *const aszDayOfWeek[] = {"Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu",
                                        "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"};

    int dayofweek = OGRGetDayOfWeek(psField->Date.Day, psField->Date.Month,
                                    psField->Date.Year);

    int month = psField->Date.Month;
    if (month < 1 || month > 12)
        month = 1;

    int TZFlag = psField->Date.TZFlag;
    if (TZFlag == 0 || TZFlag == 100)
    {
        pszTZ = CPLStrdup("GMT");
    }
    else
    {
        int TZOffset = std::abs(TZFlag - 100) * 15;
        int TZHour = TZOffset / 60;
        int TZMinute = TZOffset - TZHour * 60;
        pszTZ = CPLStrdup(CPLSPrintf("%c%02d%02d", TZFlag > 100 ? '+' : '-',
                                     TZHour, TZMinute));
    }
    char *pszRet = CPLStrdup(CPLSPrintf(
        "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d %s", aszDayOfWeek[dayofweek],
        psField->Date.Day, aszMonthStr[month - 1], psField->Date.Year,
        psField->Date.Hour, psField->Date.Minute,
        static_cast<int>(psField->Date.Second), pszTZ));
    CPLFree(pszTZ);
    return pszRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            OGRGetXMLDateTime()                       */
/************************************************************************/

char *OGRGetXMLDateTime(const OGRField *psField)
{
    char *pszRet =
        static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(OGR_SIZEOF_ISO8601_DATETIME_BUFFER));
    OGRGetISO8601DateTime(psField, false, pszRet);
    return pszRet;
}

char *OGRGetXMLDateTime(const OGRField *psField, bool bAlwaysMillisecond)
{
    char *pszRet =
        static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(OGR_SIZEOF_ISO8601_DATETIME_BUFFER));
    OGRGetISO8601DateTime(psField, bAlwaysMillisecond, pszRet);
    return pszRet;
}

int OGRGetISO8601DateTime(const OGRField *psField, bool bAlwaysMillisecond,
                          char szBuffer[OGR_SIZEOF_ISO8601_DATETIME_BUFFER])
{
    OGRISO8601Format sFormat;
    sFormat.ePrecision = bAlwaysMillisecond ? OGRISO8601Precision::MILLISECOND
                                            : OGRISO8601Precision::AUTO;
    return OGRGetISO8601DateTime(psField, sFormat, szBuffer);
}

int OGRGetISO8601DateTime(const OGRField *psField,
                          const OGRISO8601Format &sFormat,
                          char szBuffer[OGR_SIZEOF_ISO8601_DATETIME_BUFFER])
{
    const GInt16 year = psField->Date.Year;
    const GByte month = psField->Date.Month;
    const GByte day = psField->Date.Day;
    const GByte hour = psField->Date.Hour;
    const GByte minute = psField->Date.Minute;
    const float second = psField->Date.Second;
    const GByte TZFlag = psField->Date.TZFlag;

    if (year < 0 || year >= 10000)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRGetISO8601DateTime(): year %d unsupported ", year);
        szBuffer[0] = 0;
        return 0;
    }

    int nYear = year;
    szBuffer[3] = (nYear % 10) + '0';
    nYear /= 10;
    szBuffer[2] = (nYear % 10) + '0';
    nYear /= 10;
    szBuffer[1] = (nYear % 10) + '0';
    nYear /= 10;
    szBuffer[0] = static_cast<char>(nYear /*% 10*/ + '0');
    szBuffer[4] = '-';
    szBuffer[5] = ((month / 10) % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[6] = (month % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[7] = '-';
    szBuffer[8] = ((day / 10) % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[9] = (day % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[10] = 'T';
    szBuffer[11] = ((hour / 10) % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[12] = (hour % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[13] = ':';
    szBuffer[14] = ((minute / 10) % 10) + '0';
    szBuffer[15] = (minute % 10) + '0';
    int nPos;
    if (sFormat.ePrecision == OGRISO8601Precision::MINUTE)
    {
        nPos = 16;
    }
    else
    {
        szBuffer[16] = ':';

        if (sFormat.ePrecision == OGRISO8601Precision::MILLISECOND ||
            (sFormat.ePrecision == OGRISO8601Precision::AUTO &&
             OGR_GET_MS(second)))
        {
            /* Below is equivalent of the below snprintf(), but hand-made for
             * faster execution. */
            /* snprintf(szBuffer, nMaxSize,
                                   "%04d-%02u-%02uT%02u:%02u:%06.3f%s",
                                   year, month, day, hour, minute, second,
                                   szTimeZone);
            */
            int nMilliSecond = static_cast<int>(second * 1000.0f + 0.5f);
            szBuffer[22] = (nMilliSecond % 10) + '0';
            nMilliSecond /= 10;
            szBuffer[21] = (nMilliSecond % 10) + '0';
            nMilliSecond /= 10;
            szBuffer[20] = (nMilliSecond % 10) + '0';
            nMilliSecond /= 10;
            szBuffer[19] = '.';
            szBuffer[18] = (nMilliSecond % 10) + '0';
            nMilliSecond /= 10;
            szBuffer[17] = (nMilliSecond % 10) + '0';
            nPos = 23;
        }
        else
        {
            /* Below is equivalent of the below snprintf(), but hand-made for
             * faster execution. */
            /* snprintf(szBuffer, nMaxSize,
                                   "%04d-%02u-%02uT%02u:%02u:%02u%s",
                                   year, month, day, hour, minute,
                                   static_cast<GByte>(second), szTimeZone);
            */
            int nSecond = static_cast<int>(second + 0.5f);
            szBuffer[17] = ((nSecond / 10) % 10) + '0';
            szBuffer[18] = (nSecond % 10) + '0';
            nPos = 19;
        }
    }

    switch (TZFlag)
    {
        case 0:  // Unknown time zone
        case 1:  // Local time zone (not specified)
            break;

        case 100:  // GMT
            szBuffer[nPos++] = 'Z';
            break;

        default:  // Offset (in quarter-hour units) from GMT
            const int TZOffset = std::abs(TZFlag - 100) * 15;
            const int TZHour = TZOffset / 60;
            const int TZMinute = TZOffset % 60;

            szBuffer[nPos++] = (TZFlag > 100) ? '+' : '-';
            szBuffer[nPos++] = ((TZHour / 10) % 10) + '0';
            szBuffer[nPos++] = (TZHour % 10) + '0';
            szBuffer[nPos++] = ':';
            szBuffer[nPos++] = ((TZMinute / 10) % 10) + '0';
            szBuffer[nPos++] = (TZMinute % 10) + '0';
    }

    szBuffer[nPos] = 0;

    return nPos;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                 OGRGetXML_UTF8_EscapedString()                       */
/************************************************************************/

char *OGRGetXML_UTF8_EscapedString(const char *pszString)
{
    char *pszEscaped = nullptr;
    if (!CPLIsUTF8(pszString, -1) &&
        CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_FORCE_ASCII", "YES")))
    {
        static bool bFirstTime = true;
        if (bFirstTime)
        {
            bFirstTime = false;
            CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "%s is not a valid UTF-8 string. Forcing it to ASCII.  "
                     "If you still want the original string and change the XML "
                     "file encoding afterwards, you can define "
                     "OGR_FORCE_ASCII=NO as configuration option.  "
                     "This warning won't be issued anymore",
                     pszString);
        }
        else
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR",
                     "%s is not a valid UTF-8 string. Forcing it to ASCII",
                     pszString);
        }
        char *pszTemp = CPLForceToASCII(pszString, -1, '?');
        pszEscaped = CPLEscapeString(pszTemp, -1, CPLES_XML);
        CPLFree(pszTemp);
    }
    else
        pszEscaped = CPLEscapeString(pszString, -1, CPLES_XML);
    return pszEscaped;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRCompareDate()                              */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRCompareDate(const OGRField *psFirstTuple, const OGRField *psSecondTuple)
{
    // TODO: We ignore TZFlag.

    if (psFirstTuple->Date.Year < psSecondTuple->Date.Year)
        return -1;
    else if (psFirstTuple->Date.Year > psSecondTuple->Date.Year)
        return 1;

    if (psFirstTuple->Date.Month < psSecondTuple->Date.Month)
        return -1;
    else if (psFirstTuple->Date.Month > psSecondTuple->Date.Month)
        return 1;

    if (psFirstTuple->Date.Day < psSecondTuple->Date.Day)
        return -1;
    else if (psFirstTuple->Date.Day > psSecondTuple->Date.Day)
        return 1;

    if (psFirstTuple->Date.Hour < psSecondTuple->Date.Hour)
        return -1;
    else if (psFirstTuple->Date.Hour > psSecondTuple->Date.Hour)
        return 1;

    if (psFirstTuple->Date.Minute < psSecondTuple->Date.Minute)
        return -1;
    else if (psFirstTuple->Date.Minute > psSecondTuple->Date.Minute)
        return 1;

    if (psFirstTuple->Date.Second < psSecondTuple->Date.Second)
        return -1;
    else if (psFirstTuple->Date.Second > psSecondTuple->Date.Second)
        return 1;

    return 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRFastAtof()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

// On Windows, CPLAtof() is very slow if the number is followed by other long
// content.  Just extract the number into a short string before calling
// CPLAtof() on it.
static double OGRCallAtofOnShortString(const char *pszStr)
{
    const char *p = pszStr;
    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
        ++p;

    char szTemp[128] = {};
    int nCounter = 0;
    while (*p == '+' || *p == '-' || (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') || *p == '.' ||
           (*p == 'e' || *p == 'E' || *p == 'd' || *p == 'D'))
    {
        szTemp[nCounter++] = *(p++);
        if (nCounter == 127)
            return CPLAtof(pszStr);
    }
    szTemp[nCounter] = '\0';
    return CPLAtof(szTemp);
}

/** Same contract as CPLAtof, except than it doesn't always call the
 *  system CPLAtof() that may be slow on some platforms. For simple but
 *  common strings, it'll use a faster implementation (up to 20x faster
 *  than CPLAtof() on MS runtime libraries) that has no guaranty to return
 *  exactly the same floating point number.
 */

double OGRFastAtof(const char *pszStr)
{
    double dfVal = 0;
    double dfSign = 1.0;
    const char *p = pszStr;

    constexpr double adfTenPower[] = {
        1e0,  1e1,  1e2,  1e3,  1e4,  1e5,  1e6,  1e7,  1e8,  1e9,  1e10,
        1e11, 1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19, 1e20, 1e21,
        1e22, 1e23, 1e24, 1e25, 1e26, 1e27, 1e28, 1e29, 1e30, 1e31};

    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
        ++p;

    if (*p == '+')
        ++p;
    else if (*p == '-')
    {
        dfSign = -1.0;
        ++p;
    }

    while (true)
    {
        if (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')
        {
            dfVal = dfVal * 10.0 + (*p - '0');
            ++p;
        }
        else if (*p == '.')
        {
            ++p;
            break;
        }
        else if (*p == 'e' || *p == 'E' || *p == 'd' || *p == 'D')
            return OGRCallAtofOnShortString(pszStr);
        else
            return dfSign * dfVal;
    }

    unsigned int countFractionnal = 0;
    while (true)
    {
        if (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9')
        {
            dfVal = dfVal * 10.0 + (*p - '0');
            ++countFractionnal;
            ++p;
        }
        else if (*p == 'e' || *p == 'E' || *p == 'd' || *p == 'D')
            return OGRCallAtofOnShortString(pszStr);
        else
        {
            if (countFractionnal < CPL_ARRAYSIZE(adfTenPower))
                return dfSign * (dfVal / adfTenPower[countFractionnal]);
            else
                return OGRCallAtofOnShortString(pszStr);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Check that panPermutation is a permutation of [0, nSize-1].
 * @param panPermutation an array of nSize elements.
 * @param nSize size of the array.
 * @return OGRERR_NONE if panPermutation is a permutation of [0, nSize - 1].
 * @since OGR 1.9.0
 */
OGRErr OGRCheckPermutation(const int *panPermutation, int nSize)
{
    OGRErr eErr = OGRERR_NONE;
    int *panCheck = static_cast<int *>(CPLCalloc(nSize, sizeof(int)));
    for (int i = 0; i < nSize; ++i)
    {
        if (panPermutation[i] < 0 || panPermutation[i] >= nSize)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg, "Bad value for element %d",
                     i);
            eErr = OGRERR_FAILURE;
            break;
        }
        if (panCheck[panPermutation[i]] != 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
                     "Array is not a permutation of [0,%d]", nSize - 1);
            eErr = OGRERR_FAILURE;
            break;
        }
        panCheck[panPermutation[i]] = 1;
    }
    CPLFree(panCheck);
    return eErr;
}

OGRErr OGRReadWKBGeometryType(const unsigned char *pabyData,
                              OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant,
                              OGRwkbGeometryType *peGeometryType)
{
    if (!peGeometryType)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the byte order byte.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nByteOrder = DB2_V72_FIX_BYTE_ORDER(*pabyData);
    if (!(nByteOrder == wkbXDR || nByteOrder == wkbNDR))
        return OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;
    OGRwkbByteOrder eByteOrder = static_cast<OGRwkbByteOrder>(nByteOrder);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the geometry type.                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    bool bIs3D = false;
    bool bIsMeasured = false;
    int iRawType = 0;

    memcpy(&iRawType, pabyData + 1, 4);
    if (OGR_SWAP(eByteOrder))
    {
        CPL_SWAP32PTR(&iRawType);
    }

    // Test for M bit in PostGIS WKB, see ogrgeometry.cpp:4956.
    if (0x40000000 & iRawType)
    {
        iRawType &= ~0x40000000;
        bIsMeasured = true;
    }
    // Old-style OGC z-bit is flipped? Tests also Z bit in PostGIS WKB.
    if (wkb25DBitInternalUse & iRawType)
    {
        // Clean off top 3 bytes.
        iRawType &= 0x000000FF;
        bIs3D = true;
    }

    // ISO SQL/MM Part3 draft -> Deprecated.
    // See http://jtc1sc32.org/doc/N1101-1150/32N1107-WD13249-3--spatial.pdf
    if (iRawType == 1000001)
        iRawType = wkbCircularString;
    else if (iRawType == 1000002)
        iRawType = wkbCompoundCurve;
    else if (iRawType == 1000003)
        iRawType = wkbCurvePolygon;
    else if (iRawType == 1000004)
        iRawType = wkbMultiCurve;
    else if (iRawType == 1000005)
        iRawType = wkbMultiSurface;
    else if (iRawType == 2000001)
        iRawType = wkbPointZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000002)
        iRawType = wkbLineStringZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000003)
        iRawType = wkbCircularStringZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000004)
        iRawType = wkbCompoundCurveZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000005)
        iRawType = wkbPolygonZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000006)
        iRawType = wkbCurvePolygonZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000007)
        iRawType = wkbMultiPointZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000008)
        iRawType = wkbMultiCurveZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000009)
        iRawType = wkbMultiLineStringZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000010)
        iRawType = wkbMultiSurfaceZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000011)
        iRawType = wkbMultiPolygonZM;
    else if (iRawType == 2000012)
        iRawType = wkbGeometryCollectionZM;
    else if (iRawType == 3000001)
        iRawType = wkbPoint25D;
    else if (iRawType == 3000002)
        iRawType = wkbLineString25D;
    else if (iRawType == 3000003)
        iRawType = wkbCircularStringZ;
    else if (iRawType == 3000004)
        iRawType = wkbCompoundCurveZ;
    else if (iRawType == 3000005)
        iRawType = wkbPolygon25D;
    else if (iRawType == 3000006)
        iRawType = wkbCurvePolygonZ;
    else if (iRawType == 3000007)
        iRawType = wkbMultiPoint25D;
    else if (iRawType == 3000008)
        iRawType = wkbMultiCurveZ;
    else if (iRawType == 3000009)
        iRawType = wkbMultiLineString25D;
    else if (iRawType == 3000010)
        iRawType = wkbMultiSurfaceZ;
    else if (iRawType == 3000011)
        iRawType = wkbMultiPolygon25D;
    else if (iRawType == 3000012)
        iRawType = wkbGeometryCollection25D;
    else if (iRawType == 4000001)
        iRawType = wkbPointM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000002)
        iRawType = wkbLineStringM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000003)
        iRawType = wkbCircularStringM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000004)
        iRawType = wkbCompoundCurveM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000005)
        iRawType = wkbPolygonM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000006)
        iRawType = wkbCurvePolygonM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000007)
        iRawType = wkbMultiPointM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000008)
        iRawType = wkbMultiCurveM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000009)
        iRawType = wkbMultiLineStringM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000010)
        iRawType = wkbMultiSurfaceM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000011)
        iRawType = wkbMultiPolygonM;
    else if (iRawType == 4000012)
        iRawType = wkbGeometryCollectionM;

    // Sometimes the Z flag is in the 2nd byte?
    if (iRawType & (wkb25DBitInternalUse >> 16))
    {
        // Clean off top 3 bytes.
        iRawType &= 0x000000FF;
        bIs3D = true;
    }

    if (eWkbVariant == wkbVariantPostGIS1)
    {
        if (iRawType == POSTGIS15_CURVEPOLYGON)
            iRawType = wkbCurvePolygon;
        else if (iRawType == POSTGIS15_MULTICURVE)
            iRawType = wkbMultiCurve;
        else if (iRawType == POSTGIS15_MULTISURFACE)
            iRawType = wkbMultiSurface;
    }

    if (bIs3D)
    {
        iRawType += 1000;
    }
    if (bIsMeasured)
    {
        iRawType += 2000;
    }

    // ISO SQL/MM style types are between 1-17, 1001-1017, 2001-2017, and
    // 3001-3017.
    if (!((iRawType > 0 && iRawType <= 17) ||
          (iRawType > 1000 && iRawType <= 1017) ||
          (iRawType > 2000 && iRawType <= 2017) ||
          (iRawType > 3000 && iRawType <= 3017)))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Unsupported WKB type %d",
                 iRawType);
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_GEOMETRY_TYPE;
    }

    // Convert to OGRwkbGeometryType value.
    if (iRawType >= 1001 && iRawType <= 1007)
    {
        iRawType -= 1000;
        iRawType |= wkb25DBitInternalUse;
    }

    *peGeometryType = static_cast<OGRwkbGeometryType>(iRawType);

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGRReadWKTGeometryType()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRReadWKTGeometryType(const char *pszWKT,
                              OGRwkbGeometryType *peGeometryType)
{
    if (!peGeometryType)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    OGRwkbGeometryType eGeomType = wkbUnknown;
    if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "POINT"))
        eGeomType = wkbPoint;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "LINESTRING"))
        eGeomType = wkbLineString;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "POLYGON"))
        eGeomType = wkbPolygon;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "MULTIPOINT"))
        eGeomType = wkbMultiPoint;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "MULTILINESTRING"))
        eGeomType = wkbMultiLineString;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "MULTIPOLYGON"))
        eGeomType = wkbMultiPolygon;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION"))
        eGeomType = wkbGeometryCollection;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "CIRCULARSTRING"))
        eGeomType = wkbCircularString;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "COMPOUNDCURVE"))
        eGeomType = wkbCompoundCurve;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "CURVEPOLYGON"))
        eGeomType = wkbCurvePolygon;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "MULTICURVE"))
        eGeomType = wkbMultiCurve;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "MULTISURFACE"))
        eGeomType = wkbMultiSurface;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "POLYHEDRALSURFACE"))
        eGeomType = wkbPolyhedralSurface;
    else if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszWKT, "TIN"))
        eGeomType = wkbTIN;
    else
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_GEOMETRY_TYPE;

    if (strstr(pszWKT, " ZM"))
        eGeomType = OGR_GT_SetModifier(eGeomType, true, true);
    else if (strstr(pszWKT, " Z"))
        eGeomType = OGR_GT_SetModifier(eGeomType, true, false);
    else if (strstr(pszWKT, " M"))
        eGeomType = OGR_GT_SetModifier(eGeomType, false, true);

    *peGeometryType = eGeomType;

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGRFormatFloat()                              */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRFormatFloat(char *pszBuffer, int nBufferLen, float fVal, int nPrecision,
                   char chConversionSpecifier)
{
    // So to have identical cross platform representation.
    if (std::isinf(fVal))
        return CPLsnprintf(pszBuffer, nBufferLen, (fVal > 0) ? "inf" : "-inf");
    if (std::isnan(fVal))
        return CPLsnprintf(pszBuffer, nBufferLen, "nan");

    int nSize = 0;
    char szFormatting[32] = {};
    constexpr int MAX_SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS_FLOAT32 = 8;
    const int nInitialSignificantFigures =
        nPrecision >= 0 ? nPrecision : MAX_SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS_FLOAT32;

    CPLsnprintf(szFormatting, sizeof(szFormatting), "%%.%d%c",
                nInitialSignificantFigures, chConversionSpecifier);
    nSize = CPLsnprintf(pszBuffer, nBufferLen, szFormatting, fVal);
    const char *pszDot = strchr(pszBuffer, '.');

    // Try to avoid 0.34999999 or 0.15000001 rounding issues by
    // decreasing a bit precision.
    if (nInitialSignificantFigures >= 8 && pszDot != nullptr &&
        (strstr(pszDot, "99999") != nullptr ||
         strstr(pszDot, "00000") != nullptr))
    {
        const CPLString osOriBuffer(pszBuffer, nSize);

        bool bOK = false;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
        {
            CPLsnprintf(szFormatting, sizeof(szFormatting), "%%.%d%c",
                        nInitialSignificantFigures - i, chConversionSpecifier);
            nSize = CPLsnprintf(pszBuffer, nBufferLen, szFormatting, fVal);
            pszDot = strchr(pszBuffer, '.');
            if (pszDot != nullptr && strstr(pszDot, "99999") == nullptr &&
                strstr(pszDot, "00000") == nullptr &&
                static_cast<float>(CPLAtof(pszBuffer)) == fVal)
            {
                bOK = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!bOK)
        {
            memcpy(pszBuffer, osOriBuffer.c_str(), osOriBuffer.size() + 1);
            nSize = static_cast<int>(osOriBuffer.size());
        }
    }

    if (nSize + 2 < static_cast<int>(nBufferLen) &&
        strchr(pszBuffer, '.') == nullptr && strchr(pszBuffer, 'e') == nullptr)
    {
        nSize += CPLsnprintf(pszBuffer + nSize, nBufferLen - nSize, ".0");
    }

    return nSize;
}

int OGR_GET_MS(float fSec)
{
    if (std::isnan(fSec))
        return 0;
    if (fSec >= 999)
        return 999;
    if (fSec <= 0)
        return 0;
    const float fValue = (fSec - static_cast<int>(fSec)) * 1000 + 0.5f;
    return static_cast<int>(fValue);
}