/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Name:     oci_wrapper.cpp
 * Project:  Oracle Spatial GeoRaster Driver
 * Purpose:  Limited wrapper for OCI (Oracle Call Interfaces)
 * Author:   Ivan Lucena [ivan.lucena at oracle.com]
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2008, Ivan Lucena
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "oci_wrapper.h"

static const OW_CellDepth ahOW_CellDepth[] = {{"8BIT_U", GDT_Byte},
                                              {"16BIT_U", GDT_UInt16},
                                              {"16BIT_S", GDT_Int16},
                                              {"32BIT_U", GDT_UInt32},
                                              {"32BIT_S", GDT_Int32},
                                              {"32BIT_REAL", GDT_Float32},
                                              {"64BIT_REAL", GDT_Float64},
                                              {"32BIT_COMPLEX", GDT_CFloat32},
                                              {"64BIT_COMPLEX", GDT_CFloat64},
                                              {"1BIT", GDT_Byte},
                                              {"2BIT", GDT_Byte},
                                              {"4BIT", GDT_Byte}};

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            OWConnection                                   */
/*****************************************************************************/

OWConnection::OWConnection(OCIExtProcContext *poWithContext)
{
    pszUser = CPLStrdup("");
    pszPassword = CPLStrdup("");
    pszServer = CPLStrdup("");

    if (!poWithContext)
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Retrieve connection handlers
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIExtProcGetEnv(poWithContext, &hEnv, &hSvcCtx, &hError),
                   nullptr))
    {
        return;
    }

    //  -------------------------------------------------------------------
    //  Get User Name and Schema from SYS_CONTEXT on EXTPROC
    //  -------------------------------------------------------------------

    char szUser[OWTEXT];
    char szSchema[OWTEXT];

    szUser[0] = '\0';
    szSchema[0] = '\0';

    OWStatement *poStmt = CreateStatement(
        "select sys_context('userenv','session_user'),\n"
        "       sys_context('userenv','current_schema') || '.'\n"
        "from dual\n");

    poStmt->Define(szUser);
    poStmt->Define(szSchema);

    CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(poStmt->Execute());

    pszExtProcSchema = CPLStrdup(szSchema);
    pszExtProcUser = CPLStrdup(szUser);

    CPLDebug("GEOR", "User from sys_context = %s", pszExtProcUser);

    delete poStmt;

    QueryVersion();

    bSuceeeded = true;
    bExtProc = true;
}

OWConnection::OWConnection(const char *pszUserIn, const char *pszPasswordIn,
                           const char *pszServerIn)
{
    pszUser = CPLStrdup(pszUserIn);
    pszPassword = CPLStrdup(pszPasswordIn);
    pszServer = CPLStrdup(pszServerIn);

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Operational Systems's authentication option
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    const char *pszUserId = "/";

    ub4 eCred = OCI_CRED_RDBMS;

    if (EQUAL(pszPassword, "") && EQUAL(pszUser, ""))
    {
        eCred = OCI_CRED_EXT;
    }
    else
    {
        pszUserId = pszUser;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Initialize Environment handler
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIEnvCreate(
                       &hEnv, (ub4)(OCI_DEFAULT | OCI_OBJECT | OCI_THREADED),
                       (dvoid *)nullptr, (dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, size_t)) nullptr,
                       (dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *, size_t)) nullptr,
                       (void (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *)) nullptr, (size_t)0,
                       (dvoid **)nullptr),
                   nullptr))
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Initialize Error handler
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)hEnv, (dvoid **)&hError,
                                  OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0,
                                  (dvoid **)nullptr),
                   nullptr))
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Initialize Server Context
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)hEnv, (dvoid **)&hSvcCtx,
                                  OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t)0,
                                  (dvoid **)nullptr),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Allocate Server and Authentication (Session) handler
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)hEnv, (dvoid **)&hServer,
                                  (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, (size_t)0,
                                  (dvoid **)nullptr),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)hEnv, (dvoid **)&hSession,
                                  (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (size_t)0,
                                  (dvoid **)nullptr),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Attach to the server
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIServerAttach(hServer, hError, (text *)pszServer,
                                   (sb4)strlen((char *)pszServer), (ub4)0),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)hSession, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
                              (dvoid *)pszUserId,
                              (ub4)strlen((char *)pszUserId),
                              (ub4)OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, hError),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)hSession, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
                              (dvoid *)pszPassword,
                              (ub4)strlen((char *)pszPassword),
                              (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, hError),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)hSvcCtx, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
                              (dvoid *)hServer, (ub4)0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER,
                              (OCIError *)hError),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Initialize Session
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(
            OCISessionBegin(hSvcCtx, hError, hSession, eCred, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
            hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Initialize Service
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (CheckError(OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)hSvcCtx, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
                              (dvoid *)hSession, (ub4)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_SESSION,
                              hError),
                   hError))
    {
        return;
    }

    QueryVersion();

    bSuceeeded = true;

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  If no user specified, get it from the session
    // ------------------------------------------------------
    if (EQUAL(pszUser, ""))
    {
        OWStatement *poStmt =
            CreateStatement("select sys_context('userenv','session_user')\n"
                            "from dual\n");

        pszSessionUser = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(OWNAME));
        poStmt->Define(pszSessionUser);
        CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(poStmt->Execute());
        delete poStmt;
        CPLDebug("OCI: ", "Implicit User: %s\n", pszSessionUser);
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Initialize/Describe types
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    CheckError(OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)hEnv, (dvoid **)(dvoid *)&hDescribe,
                              (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (size_t)0,
                              (dvoid **)nullptr),
               hError);

    hNumArrayTDO = DescribeType(SDO_NUMBER_ARRAY);
    hGeometryTDO = DescribeType(SDO_GEOMETRY);
    hGeoRasterTDO = DescribeType(SDO_GEORASTER);
    hElemArrayTDO = DescribeType(SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY);
    hOrdnArrayTDO = DescribeType(SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY);

    if (nVersion > 10)
    {
        hPCTDO = DescribeType(SDO_PC);
    }
}

void OWConnection::QueryVersion()
{
    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Get Character Size based on current Locale
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    OCINlsNumericInfoGet(hEnv, hError, &nCharSize, OCI_NLS_CHARSET_MAXBYTESZ);

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Get Server Version
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    char szVersionTxt[OWTEXT];

    OCIServerVersion(hSvcCtx, hError, (text *)szVersionTxt, (ub4)OWTEXT,
                     (ub1)OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);

    nVersion = OWParseServerVersion(szVersionTxt);
}

OWConnection::~OWConnection()
{
    CPLFree(pszUser);
    CPLFree(pszSessionUser);
    CPLFree(pszPassword);
    CPLFree(pszServer);

    DestroyType(hNumArrayTDO);
    DestroyType(hGeometryTDO);
    DestroyType(hGeoRasterTDO);
    DestroyType(hElemArrayTDO);
    DestroyType(hOrdnArrayTDO);
    if (hPCTDO)
        DestroyType(hPCTDO);

    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)hDescribe, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE);

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Do not free OCI handles from a external procedure
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (bExtProc)
    {
        return;
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    //  Terminate session and free OCI handles
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    if (hSvcCtx && hError && hSession)
    {
        OCISessionEnd(hSvcCtx, hError, hSession, (ub4)0);
    }

    if (hSvcCtx && hError)
    {
        OCIServerDetach(hServer, hError, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT);
    }

    if (hServer)
    {
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)hServer, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
    }

    if (hSvcCtx)
    {
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)hSvcCtx, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
    }

    if (hError)
    {
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)hError, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
    }

    if (hSession)
    {
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)hSession, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
    }

    CPLFree(pszExtProcUser);
    CPLFree(pszExtProcSchema);
}

OCIType *OWConnection::DescribeType(const char *pszTypeName)
{
    OCIParam *hParam = nullptr;
    OCIRef *hRef = nullptr;
    OCIType *hType = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIDescribeAny(hSvcCtx, hError, (text *)pszTypeName,
                              (ub4)strlen(pszTypeName), (ub1)OCI_OTYPE_NAME,
                              (ub1)OCI_DEFAULT, (ub1)OCI_PTYPE_TYPE, hDescribe),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hDescribe, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (dvoid *)&hParam,
                          (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PARAM, hError),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hParam, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (dvoid *)&hRef,
                          (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_REF_TDO, hError),
               hError);

    CheckError(
        OCIObjectPin(hEnv, hError, hRef, (OCIComplexObject *)nullptr,
                     (OCIPinOpt)OCI_PIN_ANY, (OCIDuration)OCI_DURATION_SESSION,
                     (OCILockOpt)OCI_LOCK_NONE, (dvoid **)(dvoid *)&hType),
        hError);
    /*
        OCIType*  hType     = nullptr;

        CheckError( OCITypeByName(
            hEnv,
            hError,
            hSvcCtx,
            (text*) TYPE_OWNER,
            (ub4) strlen(TYPE_OWNER),
            (text*) pszTypeName,
            (ub4) strlen(pszTypeName),
            (text*) 0,
            (ub4) 0,
            OCI_DURATION_SESSION,
            OCI_TYPEGET_HEADER,
            &hType), hError );
    */
    return hType;
}

void OWConnection::CreateType(sdo_geometry **pphData)
{
    CheckError(OCIObjectNew(hEnv, hError, hSvcCtx, OCI_TYPECODE_OBJECT,
                            hGeometryTDO, (dvoid *)nullptr, OCI_DURATION_CALL,
                            TRUE, (dvoid **)pphData),
               hError);
}

void OWConnection::DestroyType(OCIType *phType)
{
    if (phType == nullptr)
    {
        return;
    }

    CheckError(OCIObjectUnpin(hEnv, hError, (dvoid *)phType), hError);
}

void OWConnection::DestroyType(sdo_geometry **pphData)
{
    CheckError(OCIObjectFree(hEnv, hError, (dvoid *)*pphData, (ub2)0), nullptr);
}

void OWConnection::CreateType(OCIArray **phData, OCIType *otype)
{
    CheckError(OCIObjectNew(hEnv, hError, hSvcCtx, OCI_TYPECODE_VARRAY, otype,
                            (dvoid *)nullptr, OCI_DURATION_SESSION, FALSE,
                            (dvoid **)phData),
               hError);
}

void OWConnection::DestroyType(OCIArray **phData)
{
    CheckError(OCIObjectFree(hEnv, hError, (OCIColl *)*phData, (ub2)0),
               nullptr);
}

OWStatement *OWConnection::CreateStatement(const char *pszStatement)
{
    OWStatement *poStatement = new OWStatement(this, pszStatement);

    return poStatement;
}

OCIParam *OWConnection::GetDescription(char *pszTable)
{
    OCIParam *phParam = nullptr;
    OCIParam *phAttrs = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIDescribeAny(hSvcCtx, hError, (text *)pszTable,
                              (ub4)strlen(pszTable), (ub1)OCI_OTYPE_NAME,
                              (ub1)OCI_DEFAULT, (ub1)OCI_PTYPE_TABLE,
                              hDescribe),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hDescribe, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_DESCRIBE, (dvoid *)&phParam,
                          (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PARAM, hError),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(phParam, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (dvoid *)&phAttrs,
                          (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_LIST_COLUMNS, hError),
               hError);

    return phAttrs;
}

bool OWConnection::GetNextField(OCIParam *phTable, int nIndex, char *pszName,
                                int *pnType, int *pnSize, int *pnPrecision,
                                signed short *pnScale)
{
    OCIParam *hParamDesc = nullptr;

    sword nStatus = 0;

    nStatus = OCIParamGet(phTable, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, hError,
                          (dvoid **)&hParamDesc,  // Warning
                          (ub4)nIndex + 1);

    if (nStatus != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
        return false;
    }

    char *pszFieldName = nullptr;
    ub4 nNameLength = 0;

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hParamDesc, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                          (dvoid *)&pszFieldName, (ub4 *)&nNameLength,
                          (ub4)OCI_ATTR_NAME, hError),
               hError);

    ub2 nOCIType = 0;

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hParamDesc, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (dvoid *)&nOCIType,
                          (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE, hError),
               hError);

    ub2 nOCILen = 0;

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hParamDesc, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM, (dvoid *)&nOCILen,
                          (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_DATA_SIZE, hError),
               hError);

    unsigned short nOCIPrecision = 0;
    sb1 nOCIScale = 0;

    if (nOCIType == SQLT_NUM)
    {
        CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hParamDesc, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                              (dvoid *)&nOCIPrecision, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PRECISION, hError),
                   hError);

        CheckError(OCIAttrGet(hParamDesc, (ub4)OCI_DTYPE_PARAM,
                              (dvoid *)&nOCIScale, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_ATTR_SCALE, hError),
                   hError);

        if (nOCIPrecision > 255)  // Lesson learned from ogrocisession.cpp
        {
            nOCIPrecision = nOCIPrecision / 256;
        }
    }

    nNameLength = MIN(nNameLength, OWNAME);

    strncpy(pszName, pszFieldName, nNameLength);
    pszName[nNameLength] = '\0';

    *pnType = (int)nOCIType;
    *pnSize = (int)nOCILen;
    *pnPrecision = (int)nOCIPrecision;
    *pnScale = (signed short)nOCIScale;

    return true;
}

bool OWConnection::StartTransaction()
{
    CheckError(OCITransStart(hSvcCtx, hError, (uword)30, OCI_TRANS_NEW),
               hError);

    return true;
}

bool OWConnection::Commit()
{
    CheckError(OCITransCommit(hSvcCtx, hError, OCI_DEFAULT), hError);

    return true;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                           OWStatement                                     */
/*****************************************************************************/

OWStatement::OWStatement(OWConnection *pConnect, const char *pszStatement)
    : poConnection(pConnect), hError(poConnection->hError)
{
    //  -----------------------------------------------------------
    //  Create Statement handler
    //  -----------------------------------------------------------

    OCIStmt *hStatement = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIHandleAlloc(
                   (dvoid *)poConnection->hEnv, (dvoid **)(dvoid *)&hStatement,
                   (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)nullptr),
               hError);

    hStmt = hStatement;  // Save Statement Handle

    //  -----------------------------------------------------------
    //  Prepare Statement
    //  -----------------------------------------------------------

    CheckError(OCIStmtPrepare(hStmt, hError, (text *)pszStatement,
                              (ub4)strlen(pszStatement), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    //  -----------------------------------------------------------
    //  Get Statement type
    //  -----------------------------------------------------------

    ub2 nStmtType;

    CheckError(OCIAttrGet((dvoid *)hStmt, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT,
                          (dvoid *)&nStmtType, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                          (ub4)OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE, hError),
               hError);

    //  -----------------------------------------------------------
    //  Set Statement mode
    //  -----------------------------------------------------------

    if (nStmtType != OCI_STMT_SELECT)
    {
        nStmtMode = OCI_DEFAULT;
    }

    CPLDebug("PL/SQL", "\n%s\n", pszStatement);
}

OWStatement::~OWStatement()
{
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)hStmt, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
}

bool OWStatement::Execute(int nRows)
{
    sword nStatus = OCIStmtExecute(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hStmt, hError,
                                   (ub4)nRows, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *)nullptr,
                                   (OCISnapshot *)nullptr, nStmtMode);

    if (CheckError(nStatus, hError))
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (nStatus == OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO || nStatus == OCI_NO_DATA)
    {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool OWStatement::Fetch(int nRows)
{
    sword nStatus = 0;

    nStatus = OCIStmtFetch2((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIError *)poConnection->hError,
                            (ub4)nRows, (ub2)OCI_FETCH_NEXT, (sb4)0,
                            (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT);

    if (nStatus == OCI_NO_DATA)
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (CheckError(nStatus, poConnection->hError))
    {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

void OWStatement::Bind(int *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(int), (ub2)SQLT_INT,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(long *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(long), (ub2)SQLT_INT,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(long long *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(long long),
                            (ub2)SQLT_INT, (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(double *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(double),
                            (ub2)SQLT_BDOUBLE, (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(char *pData, long nData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pData, (sb4)nData, (ub2)SQLT_LBI,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(sdo_geometry **pphData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)nullptr, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_NTY,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIBindObject(hBind, hError, poConnection->hGeometryTDO,
                             (dvoid **)pphData, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                             (dvoid **)nullptr, (ub4 *)nullptr),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(OCILobLocator **pphLocator)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pphLocator, (sb4)-1, (ub2)SQLT_CLOB,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(OCIArray **pphData, OCIType *type)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)nullptr, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_NTY,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIBindObject(hBind, hError, type, (dvoid **)pphData,
                             (ub4 *)nullptr, (dvoid **)nullptr, (ub4 *)nullptr),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Bind(char *pszData, int nSize)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pszData, (sb4)nSize, (ub2)SQLT_STR,
                            (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(int *pnData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(int), (ub2)SQLT_INT,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(long *pnData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(long int),
                              (ub2)SQLT_INT, (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(long long *pnData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(long long),
                              (ub2)SQLT_INT, (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(double *pfdData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pfdData, (sb4)sizeof(double),
                              (ub2)SQLT_BDOUBLE, (void *)nullptr,
                              (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(char *pszData, int nSize)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pszData, (sb4)nSize, (ub2)SQLT_STR,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(OCILobLocator **pphLocator)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDescriptorAlloc(poConnection->hEnv, (void **)pphLocator,
                                  OCI_DTYPE_LOB, 0, nullptr),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pphLocator, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_BLOB,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::WriteCLob(OCILobLocator **pphLocator, char *pszData)
{
    nNextCol++;

    if (CheckError(OCIDescriptorAlloc(poConnection->hEnv, (void **)pphLocator,
                                      OCI_DTYPE_LOB, (size_t)0,
                                      (dvoid **)nullptr),
                   hError))
    {
        CPLDebug("OCI", "Error in WriteCLob");
        return;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCILobCreateTemporary(
                       poConnection->hSvcCtx, poConnection->hError,
                       (OCILobLocator *)*pphLocator, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT,
                       (ub1)OCI_DEFAULT, (ub1)OCI_TEMP_CLOB, false,
                       OCI_DURATION_SESSION),
                   hError))
    {
        CPLDebug("OCI", "Error in WriteCLob creating temporary lob");
        return;
    }

    ub4 nAmont = (ub4)strlen(pszData);

    if (CheckError(OCILobWrite(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, *pphLocator,
                               (ub4 *)&nAmont, (ub4)1, (dvoid *)pszData,
                               (ub4)strlen(pszData), (ub1)OCI_ONE_PIECE,
                               (dvoid *)nullptr, nullptr, (ub2)0,
                               (ub1)SQLCS_IMPLICIT),
                   hError))
    {
        CPLDebug("OCI", "Error in WriteCLob writing the lob");
        return;
    }
}

void OWStatement::Define(OCIArray **pphData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)nullptr, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_NTY,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIDefineObject(hDefine, hError, poConnection->hNumArrayTDO,
                               (dvoid **)pphData, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                               (dvoid **)nullptr, (ub4 *)nullptr),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(sdo_georaster **pphData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)nullptr, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_NTY,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIDefineObject(hDefine, hError, poConnection->hGeoRasterTDO,
                               (dvoid **)pphData, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                               (dvoid **)nullptr, (ub4 *)nullptr),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(sdo_geometry **pphData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)nullptr, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_NTY,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIDefineObject(hDefine, hError, poConnection->hGeometryTDO,
                               (dvoid **)pphData, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                               (dvoid **)nullptr, (ub4 *)nullptr),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(sdo_pc **pphData)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)nullptr, (sb4)0, (ub2)SQLT_NTY,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIDefineObject(hDefine, hError, poConnection->hPCTDO,
                               (dvoid **)pphData, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                               (dvoid **)nullptr, (ub4 *)nullptr),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::Define(OCILobLocator **pphLocator, long nIterations)
{
    OCIDefine *hDefine = nullptr;

    nNextCol++;

    long i;

    for (i = 0; i < nIterations; i++)
    {
        OCIDescriptorAlloc(poConnection->hEnv, (void **)&pphLocator[i],
                           OCI_DTYPE_LOB, (size_t)0, (void **)nullptr);
    }

    CheckError(OCIDefineByPos(hStmt, &hDefine, hError, (ub4)nNextCol,
                              (dvoid *)pphLocator, (sb4)-1, (ub2)SQLT_BLOB,
                              (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                              (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

int OWStatement::GetInteger(OCINumber *ppoData)
{
    sb4 nRetVal;

    CheckError(OCINumberToInt(hError, ppoData, (uword)sizeof(sb4),
                              OCI_NUMBER_SIGNED, (dvoid *)&nRetVal),
               hError);

    return nRetVal;
}

double OWStatement::GetDouble(OCINumber *ppoData)
{
    double dfRetVal = 0.0;

    CheckError(OCINumberToReal(hError, ppoData, (uword)sizeof(dfRetVal),
                               (dvoid *)&dfRetVal),
               hError);

    return dfRetVal;
}

char *OWStatement::GetString(OCIString *ppoData)
{
    return (char *)OCIStringPtr(poConnection->hEnv, ppoData);
}

void OWStatement::Free(OCILobLocator **pphLocator, int nCount)
{
    if (nCount > 0 && pphLocator != nullptr)
    {
        int i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
        {
            if (pphLocator[i] != nullptr)
            {
                OCIDescriptorFree(&pphLocator[i], OCI_DTYPE_LOB);
            }
        }
    }
}

int OWStatement::GetElement(OCIArray **ppoData, int nIndex, int *pnResult)
{
    boolean exists;
    OCINumber *oci_number = nullptr;
    ub4 element_type;

    *pnResult = 0;

    if (CheckError(
            OCICollGetElem(poConnection->hEnv, hError, (OCIColl *)*ppoData,
                           (sb4)nIndex, (boolean *)&exists,
                           (dvoid **)(dvoid *)&oci_number, (dvoid **)nullptr),
            hError))
    {
        return *pnResult;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCINumberToInt(hError, oci_number, (uword)sizeof(ub4),
                                  OCI_NUMBER_UNSIGNED, (dvoid *)&element_type),
                   hError))
    {
        return *pnResult;
    }

    *pnResult = (int)element_type;

    return *pnResult;
}

double OWStatement::GetElement(OCIArray **ppoData, int nIndex,
                               double *pdfResult)
{
    boolean exists;
    OCINumber *oci_number = nullptr;
    double element_type;

    *pdfResult = 0.0;

    if (CheckError(OCICollGetElem(poConnection->hEnv, hError,
                                  (OCIColl *)*ppoData, (sb4)nIndex,
                                  (boolean *)&exists,
                                  (dvoid **)(dvoid *)&oci_number, nullptr),
                   hError))
    {
        return *pdfResult;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCINumberToReal(hError, oci_number, (uword)sizeof(double),
                                   (dvoid *)&element_type),
                   hError))
    {
        return *pdfResult;
    }

    *pdfResult = (double)element_type;

    return *pdfResult;
}

void OWStatement::AddElement(OCIArray *poData, int nValue)
{
    OCINumber oci_number;

    CheckError(OCINumberFromInt(hError, (dvoid *)&nValue, (uword)sizeof(ub4),
                                OCI_NUMBER_UNSIGNED, (OCINumber *)&oci_number),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCICollAppend(poConnection->hEnv, hError,
                             (OCINumber *)&oci_number, (dvoid *)nullptr,
                             (OCIColl *)poData),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::AddElement(OCIArray *poData, double dfValue)
{
    OCINumber oci_number;

    CheckError(OCINumberFromReal(hError, (dvoid *)&dfValue,
                                 (uword)sizeof(double),
                                 (OCINumber *)&oci_number),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCICollAppend(poConnection->hEnv, hError,
                             (OCINumber *)&oci_number, (dvoid *)nullptr,
                             (OCIColl *)poData),
               hError);
}

unsigned long OWStatement::GetBlobLength(OCILobLocator *phLocator)
{
    ub8 nSize = (ub8)0;

    if (CheckError(OCILobGetLength2(poConnection->hSvcCtx, poConnection->hError,
                                    phLocator, (ub8 *)&nSize),
                   hError))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    return static_cast<unsigned long>(nSize);
}

unsigned long OWStatement::ReadBlob(OCILobLocator *phLocator, void *pBuffer,
                                    unsigned long nSize)
{
    return ReadBlob(phLocator, pBuffer, (unsigned long)1, nSize);
}

unsigned long OWStatement::ReadBlob(OCILobLocator *phLocator, void *pBuffer,
                                    unsigned long nOffset, unsigned long nSize)
{
    ub8 nAmont = (ub8)nSize;

    if (CheckError(OCILobRead2(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, phLocator,
                               (ub8 *)&nAmont, (ub8 *)nullptr, (ub8)nOffset,
                               (void *)pBuffer, (ub8)nSize, (ub1)OCI_ONE_PIECE,
                               (dvoid *)nullptr, (OCICallbackLobRead2) nullptr,
                               (ub2)0, (ub1)SQLCS_IMPLICIT),
                   hError))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    return (unsigned long)nAmont;
}

bool OWStatement::WriteBlob(OCILobLocator *phLocator, void *pBuffer,
                            unsigned long nSize)
{
    ub8 nAmont = WriteBlob(phLocator, pBuffer, (unsigned long)1, nSize);

    return (nAmont == (ub8)nSize);
}

unsigned long OWStatement::WriteBlob(OCILobLocator *phLocator, void *pBuffer,
                                     unsigned long nOffset, unsigned long nSize)
{
    ub8 nAmont = (ub8)nSize;

    if (CheckError(OCILobWrite2(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, phLocator,
                                (ub8 *)&nAmont, (ub8 *)nullptr, (ub8)nOffset,
                                (dvoid *)pBuffer, (ub8)nSize,
                                (ub1)OCI_ONE_PIECE, (dvoid *)nullptr,
                                (OCICallbackLobWrite2) nullptr, (ub2)0,
                                (ub1)SQLCS_IMPLICIT),
                   hError))
    {
        return (unsigned long)0;
    }

    return static_cast<unsigned long>(nAmont);
}

bool OWStatement::TrimLob(OCILobLocator *phLocator, unsigned long newLen)
{
    if (CheckError(
            OCILobTrim2(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, phLocator, (ub8)newLen),
            hError))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}

char *OWStatement::ReadCLob(OCILobLocator *phLocator)
{
    ub4 nSize = 0;
    ub4 nAmont = 0;

    char *pszBuffer = nullptr;

    if (CheckError(OCILobGetLength(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, phLocator,
                                   (ub4 *)&nSize),
                   hError))
    {
        return nullptr;
    }

    nSize *= this->poConnection->nCharSize;

    pszBuffer = (char *)VSICalloc(1, nSize + 1);

    if (pszBuffer == nullptr)
    {
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (CheckError(OCILobRead(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, phLocator,
                              (ub4 *)&nAmont, (ub4)1, (dvoid *)pszBuffer,
                              (ub4)nSize, (dvoid *)nullptr, nullptr, (ub2)0,
                              (ub1)SQLCS_IMPLICIT),
                   hError))
    {
        CPLFree(pszBuffer);
        return nullptr;
    }

    pszBuffer[nAmont] = '\0';

    return pszBuffer;
}

// Free OCIDescriptor for the LOB, if it is temporary lob, it is freed too.
void OWStatement::FreeLob(OCILobLocator *phLocator)
{
    boolean is_temporary;

    if (phLocator == nullptr)
        return;

    if (CheckError(OCILobIsTemporary(poConnection->hEnv, hError, phLocator,
                                     &is_temporary),
                   hError))
    {
        CPLDebug("OCI", "OCILobIsTemporary failed");
        OCIDescriptorFree(phLocator, OCI_DTYPE_LOB);
        return;
    }

    if (is_temporary)
    {
        if (CheckError(
                OCILobFreeTemporary(poConnection->hSvcCtx, hError, phLocator),
                hError))
        {
            CPLDebug("OCI", "OCILobFreeTemporary failed");
            OCIDescriptorFree(phLocator, OCI_DTYPE_LOB);
            return;
        }
    }

    OCIDescriptorFree(phLocator, OCI_DTYPE_LOB);
}

void OWStatement::BindName(const char *pszName, int *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIBindByName((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIBind **)&hBind,
                             (OCIError *)hError, (text *)pszName, (sb4)-1,
                             (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(int), (ub2)SQLT_INT,
                             (dvoid *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                             (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::BindName(const char *pszName, long *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIBindByName((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIBind **)&hBind,
                             (OCIError *)hError, (text *)pszName, (sb4)-1,
                             (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(long), (ub2)SQLT_INT,
                             (dvoid *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                             (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::BindName(const char *pszName, long long *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIBindByName((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIBind **)&hBind,
                             (OCIError *)hError, (text *)pszName, (sb4)-1,
                             (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(long long),
                             (ub2)SQLT_INT, (dvoid *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                             (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                             (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::BindName(const char *pszName, double *pnData)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIBindByName((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIBind **)&hBind,
                             (OCIError *)hError, (text *)pszName, (sb4)-1,
                             (dvoid *)pnData, (sb4)sizeof(double),
                             (ub2)SQLT_BDOUBLE, (dvoid *)nullptr,
                             (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)0,
                             (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::BindName(const char *pszName, char *pszData, int nSize)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIBindByName((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIBind **)&hBind,
                             (OCIError *)hError, (text *)pszName, (sb4)-1,
                             (dvoid *)pszData, (sb4)nSize, (ub2)SQLT_STR,
                             (dvoid *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                             (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::BindName(const char *pszName, OCILobLocator **pphLocator)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    CheckError(OCIDescriptorAlloc(poConnection->hEnv, (void **)pphLocator,
                                  OCI_DTYPE_LOB, 0, nullptr),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIBindByName((OCIStmt *)hStmt, (OCIBind **)&hBind,
                             (OCIError *)hError, (text *)pszName, (sb4)-1,
                             (dvoid *)pphLocator, (sb4)-1, (ub2)SQLT_CLOB,
                             (dvoid *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                             (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);
}

void OWStatement::BindArray(void *pData, long nSize)
{
    OCIBind *hBind = nullptr;

    nNextBnd++;

    CheckError(OCIBindByPos(hStmt, &hBind, hError, (ub4)nNextBnd,
                            (dvoid *)pData, (sb4)nSize * sizeof(double),
                            (ub2)SQLT_BIN, (void *)nullptr, (ub2 *)nullptr,
                            (ub2 *)nullptr, (ub4)0, (ub4 *)nullptr,
                            (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT),
               hError);

    CheckError(OCIBindArrayOfStruct(hBind, hError, (ub4)nSize * sizeof(double),
                                    (ub4)0, (ub4)0, (ub4)0),
               hError);
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*               Check for valid integer number in a string                  */
/*****************************************************************************/

bool OWIsNumeric(const char *pszText)
{
    if (pszText == nullptr)
    {
        return false;
    }

    const char *pszPos = pszText;

    while (*pszPos != '\0')
    {
        if (*pszPos < '0' || *pszPos > '9')
            return false;
        pszPos++;
    }

    return true;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                     Remove quotes                                         */
/*****************************************************************************/

char *OWRemoveQuotes(const char *pszText)
{
    const size_t nSize = strlen(pszText);

    if (nSize > 2 && pszText[0] != '"' && pszText[nSize - 1] != '"')
    {
        return CPLStrdup(pszText);
    }

    char *pszResult = reinterpret_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nSize - 1));

    CPLStrlcpy(pszResult, &pszText[1], nSize - 1);

    return pszResult;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                     To upper if there is no quotes                        */
/*****************************************************************************/

void OWUpperIfNoQuotes(char *pszText)
{
    const size_t nSize = strlen(pszText);

    if (nSize > 2 && pszText[0] == '"' && pszText[nSize - 1] == '"')
    {
        return;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < nSize; i++)
    {
        pszText[i] =
            static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(pszText[i])));
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                     Parse Value after a Hint on a string                  */
/*****************************************************************************/
static CPLString OWParseValue(const char *pszText, const char *pszSeparators,
                              const char *pszHint, int nOffset)
{
    if (pszText == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    int i = 0;
    int nCount = 0;

    char **papszTokens =
        CSLTokenizeString2(pszText, pszSeparators, CSLT_PRESERVEQUOTES);

    nCount = CSLCount(papszTokens);
    CPLString osResult;

    for (i = 0; (i + nOffset) < nCount; i++)
    {
        if (EQUAL(papszTokens[i], pszHint))
        {
            osResult = papszTokens[i + nOffset];
            break;
        }
    }

    CSLDestroy(papszTokens);

    return osResult;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            Parse SDO_GEOR.INIT entries                    */
/*****************************************************************************/

/* Input Examples:
 *
 * "ID, RASTER, NAME VALUES (102, SDO_GEOR.INIT('RDT_80', 80), 'Nashua')"
 *
 */

CPLString OWParseSDO_GEOR_INIT(const char *pszInsert, int nField)
{
    char szUpcase[OWTEXT];
    char *pszIn = nullptr;

    snprintf(szUpcase, sizeof(szUpcase), "%s", pszInsert);

    for (pszIn = szUpcase; *pszIn != '\0'; pszIn++)
    {
        *pszIn = (char)toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(*pszIn));
    }

    char *pszStart = strstr(szUpcase, "SDO_GEOR.INIT");

    if (pszStart == nullptr)
    {
        return "";
    }

    char *pszEnd = strstr(pszStart, ")");

    if (pszEnd == nullptr)
    {
        return "";
    }

    pszStart += strlen("SDO_GEOR.");

    pszEnd++;

    int nLength = static_cast<int>(pszEnd - pszStart + 1);

    char szBuffer[OWTEXT];

    strncpy(szBuffer, pszStart, nLength);
    szBuffer[nLength] = '\0';

    auto osValue = OWParseValue(szBuffer, " (,)", "INIT", nField);

    return EQUAL(osValue, "") ? "NULL" : osValue;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            Parse Release Version                          */
/*****************************************************************************/

/* Input Examples:
 *
 * "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
 * With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing
 * options"
 *
 */

int OWParseServerVersion(const char *pszText)
{
    return atoi(OWParseValue(pszText, " .", "Release", 1));
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            Parse EPSG Codes                               */
/*****************************************************************************/

/* Input Examples:
 *
 *      DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984 (EPSG ID 6326)",
 *      SPHEROID["WGS 84 (EPSG ID 7030)",6378137,298.257223563]],
 *      PROJECTION["UTM zone 50N (EPSG OP 16050)"],
 */

int OWParseEPSG(const char *pszText)
{
    return atoi(OWParseValue(pszText, " ()", "EPSG", 2));
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            Convert Data type description                  */
/*****************************************************************************/

GDALDataType OWGetDataType(const char *pszCellDepth)
{
    unsigned int i;

    for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(ahOW_CellDepth) / sizeof(OW_CellDepth)); i++)
    {
        if (EQUAL(ahOW_CellDepth[i].pszValue, pszCellDepth))
        {
            return ahOW_CellDepth[i].eDataType;
        }
    }

    return GDT_Unknown;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            Convert Data type description                  */
/*****************************************************************************/

const char *OWSetDataType(const GDALDataType eType)

{
    unsigned int i;

    for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(ahOW_CellDepth) / sizeof(OW_CellDepth)); i++)
    {
        if (ahOW_CellDepth[i].eDataType == eType)
        {
            return ahOW_CellDepth[i].pszValue;
        }
    }

    return "Unknown";
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/*                            Check for Failure                              */
/*****************************************************************************/
bool CheckError(sword nStatus, OCIError *hError)
{
    text szMsg[OWTEXT];
    sb4 nCode = 0;

    switch (nStatus)
    {
        case OCI_SUCCESS:
            return false;
            break;
        case OCI_NEED_DATA:
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "OCI_NEED_DATA\n");
            break;
        case OCI_NO_DATA:
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "OCI_NODATA\n");
            break;
        case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "OCI_INVALID_HANDLE");
            break;
        case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "OCI_STILL_EXECUTE\n");
            break;
        case OCI_CONTINUE:
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "OCI_CONTINUE\n");
            break;
        case OCI_ERROR:

        case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:

            if (hError == nullptr)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "OCI_ERROR with no error handler");
            }

            OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)hError, (ub4)1, (text *)nullptr, &nCode, szMsg,
                        (ub4)sizeof(szMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);

            if (nCode == 1405)  // Null field
            {
                return false;
            }
            else if (
                nCode == 28002 ||
                nCode ==
                    28098)  // password expires codes (ORA-28002, ORA-28098)
            {
                static bool bPasswordExpiredLogged = false;
                if (!bPasswordExpiredLogged)
                {
                    bPasswordExpiredLogged = true;
                    // Workaround, when this is called with gdal_translate,
                    // the error message is not printed because it has
                    // an error handler that suppresses the message.
                    // It pushes a default error handler that prints the message,
                    // and then pops it to restore the previous error handler.

                    CPLPushErrorHandler(CPLDefaultErrorHandler);
                    CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s", szMsg);
                    CPLPopErrorHandler();
                }

                return false;
            }

            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s", szMsg);

            break;

        default:

            if (hError == nullptr)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "OCI_ERROR with no error handler");
            }

            OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)hError, (ub4)1, (text *)nullptr, &nCode, szMsg,
                        (ub4)sizeof(szMsg), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);

            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "%s", szMsg);

            break;
    }

    return true;
}