/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
 * Purpose:  The OGRGeometryCollection class.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1999, Frank Warmerdam
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "ogr_geometry.h"

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstring>
#include <limits>
#include <new>

#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_error.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "cpl_vsi.h"
#include "ogr_api.h"
#include "ogr_core.h"
#include "ogr_p.h"
#include "ogr_spatialref.h"

/************************************************************************/
/*         OGRGeometryCollection( const OGRGeometryCollection& )        */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Copy constructor.
 */

OGRGeometryCollection::OGRGeometryCollection(const OGRGeometryCollection &other)
    : OGRGeometry(other)
{
    // Do not use addGeometry() as it is virtual.
    papoGeoms = static_cast<OGRGeometry **>(
        VSI_CALLOC_VERBOSE(sizeof(OGRGeometry *), other.nGeomCount));
    if (papoGeoms)
    {
        nGeomCount = other.nGeomCount;
        for (int i = 0; i < other.nGeomCount; i++)
        {
            papoGeoms[i] = other.papoGeoms[i]->clone();
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*            OGRGeometryCollection( OGRGeometryCollection&& )          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Move constructor.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.11
 */

// cppcheck-suppress-begin accessMoved
OGRGeometryCollection::OGRGeometryCollection(OGRGeometryCollection &&other)
    : OGRGeometry(std::move(other)), nGeomCount(other.nGeomCount),
      papoGeoms(other.papoGeoms)
{
    other.nGeomCount = 0;
    other.papoGeoms = nullptr;
}

// cppcheck-suppress-end accessMoved

/************************************************************************/
/*                       ~OGRGeometryCollection()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometryCollection::~OGRGeometryCollection()

{
    OGRGeometryCollection::empty();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*               operator=( const OGRGeometryCollection&)               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Assignment operator.
 */

OGRGeometryCollection &
OGRGeometryCollection::operator=(const OGRGeometryCollection &other)
{
    if (this != &other)
    {
        OGRGeometry::operator=(other);

        for (const auto *poOtherSubGeom : other)
        {
            if (!isCompatibleSubType(poOtherSubGeom->getGeometryType()))
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Illegal use of OGRGeometryCollection::operator=(): "
                         "trying to assign an incompatible sub-geometry");
                return *this;
            }
        }

        papoGeoms = static_cast<OGRGeometry **>(
            VSI_CALLOC_VERBOSE(sizeof(OGRGeometry *), other.nGeomCount));
        if (papoGeoms)
        {
            nGeomCount = other.nGeomCount;
            for (int i = 0; i < other.nGeomCount; i++)
            {
                papoGeoms[i] = other.papoGeoms[i]->clone();
            }
        }
    }
    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                  operator=( OGRGeometryCollection&&)                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Move assignment operator.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.11
 */

OGRGeometryCollection &
OGRGeometryCollection::operator=(OGRGeometryCollection &&other)
{
    if (this != &other)
    {
        empty();

        OGRGeometry::operator=(std::move(other));
        std::swap(nGeomCount, other.nGeomCount);
        std::swap(papoGeoms, other.papoGeoms);
    }
    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               empty()                                */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::empty()

{
    if (papoGeoms != nullptr)
    {
        for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
        {
            delete poSubGeom;
        }
        CPLFree(papoGeoms);
    }

    nGeomCount = 0;
    papoGeoms = nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               clone()                                */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometryCollection *OGRGeometryCollection::clone() const

{
    auto ret = new (std::nothrow) OGRGeometryCollection(*this);
    if (ret)
    {
        if (ret->WkbSize() != WkbSize())
        {
            delete ret;
            ret = nullptr;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          getGeometryType()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRwkbGeometryType OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryType() const

{
    if ((flags & OGR_G_3D) && (flags & OGR_G_MEASURED))
        return wkbGeometryCollectionZM;
    else if (flags & OGR_G_MEASURED)
        return wkbGeometryCollectionM;
    else if (flags & OGR_G_3D)
        return wkbGeometryCollection25D;
    else
        return wkbGeometryCollection;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            getDimension()                            */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRGeometryCollection::getDimension() const

{
    int nDimension = 0;
    // FIXME? Not sure if it is really appropriate to take the max in case
    // of geometries of different dimension.
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        int nSubGeomDimension = poSubGeom->getDimension();
        if (nSubGeomDimension > nDimension)
        {
            nDimension = nSubGeomDimension;
            if (nDimension == 2)
                break;
        }
    }
    return nDimension;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            flattenTo2D()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::flattenTo2D()

{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        poSubGeom->flattenTo2D();
    }

    flags &= ~OGR_G_3D;
    flags &= ~OGR_G_MEASURED;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          getGeometryName()                           */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryName() const

{
    return "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          getNumGeometries()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Fetch number of geometries in container.
 *
 * This method relates to the SFCOM IGeometryCollect::get_NumGeometries()
 * method.
 *
 * @return count of children geometries.  May be zero.
 */

int OGRGeometryCollection::getNumGeometries() const

{
    return nGeomCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           getGeometryRef()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Fetch geometry from container.
 *
 * This method returns a pointer to a geometry within the container.  The
 * returned geometry remains owned by the container, and should not be
 * modified.  The pointer is only valid until the next change to the
 * geometry container.  Use IGeometry::clone() to make a copy.
 *
 * This method relates to the SFCOM IGeometryCollection::get_Geometry() method.
 *
 * @param i the index of the geometry to fetch, between 0 and
 *          getNumGeometries() - 1.
 * @return pointer to requested geometry.
 */

OGRGeometry *OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(int i)

{
    if (i < 0 || i >= nGeomCount)
        return nullptr;

    return papoGeoms[i];
}

/**
 * \brief Fetch geometry from container.
 *
 * This method returns a pointer to a geometry within the container.  The
 * returned geometry remains owned by the container, and should not be
 * modified.  The pointer is only valid until the next change to the
 * geometry container.  Use IGeometry::clone() to make a copy.
 *
 * This method relates to the SFCOM IGeometryCollection::get_Geometry() method.
 *
 * @param i the index of the geometry to fetch, between 0 and
 *          getNumGeometries() - 1.
 * @return pointer to requested geometry.
 */

const OGRGeometry *OGRGeometryCollection::getGeometryRef(int i) const

{
    if (i < 0 || i >= nGeomCount)
        return nullptr;

    return papoGeoms[i];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            addGeometry()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Add a new geometry to a collection.  Subclasses should          */
/*      override this to verify the type of the new geometry, and       */
/*      then call this method to actually add it.                       */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Add a geometry to the container.
 *
 * Some subclasses of OGRGeometryCollection restrict the types of geometry
 * that can be added, and may return an error.  The passed geometry is cloned
 * to make an internal copy.
 *
 * There is no SFCOM analog to this method.
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_G_AddGeometry().
 *
 * @param poNewGeom geometry to add to the container.
 *
 * @return OGRERR_NONE if successful, or OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_GEOMETRY_TYPE if
 * the geometry type is illegal for the type of geometry container.
 */

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::addGeometry(const OGRGeometry *poNewGeom)

{
    OGRGeometry *poClone = poNewGeom->clone();
    if (poClone == nullptr)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    const OGRErr eErr = addGeometryDirectly(poClone);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        delete poClone;

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        addGeometryDirectly()                         */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Add a new geometry to a collection.  Subclasses should          */
/*      override this to verify the type of the new geometry, and       */
/*      then call this method to actually add it.                       */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Add a geometry directly to the container.
 *
 * Some subclasses of OGRGeometryCollection restrict the types of geometry
 * that can be added, and may return an error.  Ownership of the passed
 * geometry is taken by the container rather than cloning as addGeometry()
 * does, but only if the method is successful. If the method fails, ownership
 * still belongs to the caller.
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_G_AddGeometryDirectly().
 *
 * There is no SFCOM analog to this method.
 *
 * @param poNewGeom geometry to add to the container.
 *
 * @return OGRERR_NONE if successful, or OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_GEOMETRY_TYPE if
 * the geometry type is illegal for the type of geometry container.
 */

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::addGeometryDirectly(OGRGeometry *poNewGeom)

{
    if (!isCompatibleSubType(poNewGeom->getGeometryType()))
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_GEOMETRY_TYPE;

#if SIZEOF_VOIDP < 8
    if (nGeomCount == std::numeric_limits<int>::max() /
                          static_cast<int>(sizeof(OGRGeometry *)))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory, "Too many subgeometries");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
#else
    if (nGeomCount == std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many subgeometries");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
#endif

    HomogenizeDimensionalityWith(poNewGeom);

    OGRGeometry **papoNewGeoms =
        static_cast<OGRGeometry **>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(
            papoGeoms, sizeof(OGRGeometry *) * (nGeomCount + 1)));
    if (papoNewGeoms == nullptr)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    papoGeoms = papoNewGeoms;
    papoGeoms[nGeomCount] = poNewGeom;

    nGeomCount++;

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            addGeometry()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Add a geometry directly to the container.
 *
 * Some subclasses of OGRGeometryCollection restrict the types of geometry
 * that can be added, and may return an error.
 *
 * There is no SFCOM analog to this method.
 *
 * @param geom geometry to add to the container.
 *
 * @return OGRERR_NONE if successful, or OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_GEOMETRY_TYPE if
 * the geometry type is illegal for the type of geometry container.
 */

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::addGeometry(std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometry> geom)
{
    OGRGeometry *poGeom = geom.release();
    OGRErr eErr = addGeometryDirectly(poGeom);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        delete poGeom;
    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           removeGeometry()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Remove a geometry from the container.
 *
 * Removing a geometry will cause the geometry count to drop by one, and all
 * "higher" geometries will shuffle down one in index.
 *
 * There is no SFCOM analog to this method.
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_G_RemoveGeometry().
 *
 * @param iGeom the index of the geometry to delete.  A value of -1 is a
 * special flag meaning that all geometries should be removed.
 *
 * @param bDelete if TRUE the geometry will be deallocated, otherwise it will
 * not.  The default is TRUE as the container is considered to own the
 * geometries in it. Note: using stealGeometry() might be a better alternative
 * to using bDelete = false.
 *
 * @return OGRERR_NONE if successful, or OGRERR_FAILURE if the index is
 * out of range.
 */

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::removeGeometry(int iGeom, int bDelete)

{
    if (iGeom < -1 || iGeom >= nGeomCount)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    // Special case.
    if (iGeom == -1)
    {
        while (nGeomCount > 0)
            removeGeometry(nGeomCount - 1, bDelete);
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    }

    if (bDelete)
        delete papoGeoms[iGeom];

    memmove(papoGeoms + iGeom, papoGeoms + iGeom + 1,
            sizeof(OGRGeometry *) * (nGeomCount - iGeom - 1));

    nGeomCount--;

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           stealGeometry()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Remove a geometry from the container and return it to the caller
 *
 * Removing a geometry will cause the geometry count to drop by one, and all
 * "higher" geometries will shuffle down one in index.
 *
 * There is no SFCOM analog to this method.
 *
 * @param iGeom the index of the geometry to delete.
 *
 * @return the sub-geometry, or nullptr in case of error.
 * @since 3.10
 */

std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometry> OGRGeometryCollection::stealGeometry(int iGeom)
{
    if (iGeom < 0 || iGeom >= nGeomCount)
        return nullptr;

    auto poSubGeom = std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometry>(papoGeoms[iGeom]);
    papoGeoms[iGeom] = nullptr;
    removeGeometry(iGeom);
    return poSubGeom;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           hasEmptyParts()                            */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeometryCollection::hasEmptyParts() const
{
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (poSubGeom->IsEmpty() || poSubGeom->hasEmptyParts())
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          removeEmptyParts()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::removeEmptyParts()
{
    for (int i = nGeomCount - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
        papoGeoms[i]->removeEmptyParts();
        if (papoGeoms[i]->IsEmpty())
            removeGeometry(i, true);
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              WkbSize()                               */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Return the size of this object in well known binary             */
/*      representation including the byte order, and type information.  */
/************************************************************************/

size_t OGRGeometryCollection::WkbSize() const

{
    size_t nSize = 9;

    for (const auto &poGeom : *this)
    {
        nSize += poGeom->WkbSize();
    }

    return nSize;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       importFromWkbInternal()                        */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::importFromWkbInternal(
    const unsigned char *pabyData, size_t nSize, int nRecLevel,
    OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant, size_t &nBytesConsumedOut)

{
    nBytesConsumedOut = 0;
    // Arbitrary value, but certainly large enough for reasonable use cases.
    if (nRecLevel == 32)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Too many recursion levels (%d) while parsing WKB geometry.",
                 nRecLevel);
        return OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;
    }

    OGRwkbByteOrder eByteOrder = wkbXDR;
    size_t nDataOffset = 0;
    int nGeomCountNew = 0;
    OGRErr eErr = importPreambleOfCollectionFromWkb(pabyData, nSize,
                                                    nDataOffset, eByteOrder, 9,
                                                    nGeomCountNew, eWkbVariant);

    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        return eErr;

    CPLAssert(nGeomCount == 0);
    nGeomCount = nGeomCountNew;

    // coverity[tainted_data]
    papoGeoms = static_cast<OGRGeometry **>(
        VSI_CALLOC_VERBOSE(sizeof(OGRGeometry *), nGeomCount));
    if (nGeomCount != 0 && papoGeoms == nullptr)
    {
        nGeomCount = 0;
        return OGRERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the Geoms.                                                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (int iGeom = 0; iGeom < nGeomCount; iGeom++)
    {
        // Parses sub-geometry.
        const unsigned char *pabySubData = pabyData + nDataOffset;
        if (nSize < 9 && nSize != static_cast<size_t>(-1))
            return OGRERR_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA;

        OGRwkbGeometryType eSubGeomType = wkbUnknown;
        eErr = OGRReadWKBGeometryType(pabySubData, eWkbVariant, &eSubGeomType);
        if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
            return eErr;

        if (!isCompatibleSubType(eSubGeomType))
        {
            nGeomCount = iGeom;
            CPLDebug(
                "OGR",
                "Cannot add geometry of type (%d) to geometry of type (%d)",
                eSubGeomType, getGeometryType());
            return OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;
        }

        OGRGeometry *poSubGeom = nullptr;
        size_t nSubGeomBytesConsumed = 0;
        if (OGR_GT_IsSubClassOf(eSubGeomType, wkbGeometryCollection))
        {
            poSubGeom = OGRGeometryFactory::createGeometry(eSubGeomType);
            if (poSubGeom == nullptr)
                eErr = OGRERR_FAILURE;
            else
                eErr = poSubGeom->toGeometryCollection()->importFromWkbInternal(
                    pabySubData, nSize, nRecLevel + 1, eWkbVariant,
                    nSubGeomBytesConsumed);
        }
        else
        {
            eErr = OGRGeometryFactory::createFromWkb(
                pabySubData, nullptr, &poSubGeom, nSize, eWkbVariant,
                nSubGeomBytesConsumed);

            if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                // if this is a Z or M geom make sure the sub geoms are as well
                if (Is3D() && !poSubGeom->Is3D())
                {
                    CPLDebug("OGR", "Promoting sub-geometry to 3D");
                    poSubGeom->set3D(TRUE);
                }

                if (IsMeasured() && !poSubGeom->IsMeasured())
                {
                    CPLDebug("OGR", "Promoting sub-geometry to Measured");
                    poSubGeom->setMeasured(TRUE);
                }
            }
        }

        if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            nGeomCount = iGeom;
            delete poSubGeom;
            return eErr;
        }

        papoGeoms[iGeom] = poSubGeom;

        if (papoGeoms[iGeom]->Is3D())
            flags |= OGR_G_3D;
        if (papoGeoms[iGeom]->IsMeasured())
            flags |= OGR_G_MEASURED;

        CPLAssert(nSubGeomBytesConsumed > 0);
        if (nSize != static_cast<size_t>(-1))
        {
            CPLAssert(nSize >= nSubGeomBytesConsumed);
            nSize -= nSubGeomBytesConsumed;
        }

        nDataOffset += nSubGeomBytesConsumed;
    }
    nBytesConsumedOut = nDataOffset;

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                           importFromWkb()                            */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Initialize from serialized stream in well known binary          */
/*      format.                                                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::importFromWkb(const unsigned char *pabyData,
                                            size_t nSize,
                                            OGRwkbVariant eWkbVariant,
                                            size_t &nBytesConsumedOut)

{
    return importFromWkbInternal(pabyData, nSize, 0, eWkbVariant,
                                 nBytesConsumedOut);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            exportToWkb()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Build a well known binary representation of this object.        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr
OGRGeometryCollection::exportToWkb(unsigned char *pabyData,
                                   const OGRwkbExportOptions *psOptions) const

{
    if (psOptions == nullptr)
    {
        static const OGRwkbExportOptions defaultOptions;
        psOptions = &defaultOptions;
    }

    OGRwkbExportOptions sOptions(*psOptions);

    if (sOptions.eWkbVariant == wkbVariantOldOgc &&
        (wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbMultiCurve ||
         wkbFlatten(getGeometryType()) == wkbMultiSurface))
    {
        // Does not make sense for new geometries, so patch it.
        sOptions.eWkbVariant = wkbVariantIso;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Set the byte order.                                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pabyData[0] = DB2_V72_UNFIX_BYTE_ORDER(
        static_cast<unsigned char>(sOptions.eByteOrder));

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Set the geometry feature type, ensuring that 3D flag is         */
    /*      preserved.                                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    GUInt32 nGType = getGeometryType();

    if (sOptions.eWkbVariant == wkbVariantIso)
        nGType = getIsoGeometryType();
    else if (sOptions.eWkbVariant == wkbVariantPostGIS1)
    {
        const bool bIs3D = wkbHasZ(static_cast<OGRwkbGeometryType>(nGType));
        nGType = wkbFlatten(nGType);
        if (nGType == wkbMultiCurve)
            nGType = POSTGIS15_MULTICURVE;
        else if (nGType == wkbMultiSurface)
            nGType = POSTGIS15_MULTISURFACE;
        if (bIs3D)
            // Yes, explicitly set wkb25DBit.
            nGType =
                static_cast<OGRwkbGeometryType>(nGType | wkb25DBitInternalUse);
    }

    if (OGR_SWAP(sOptions.eByteOrder))
    {
        nGType = CPL_SWAP32(nGType);
    }

    memcpy(pabyData + 1, &nGType, 4);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Copy in the raw data.                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (OGR_SWAP(sOptions.eByteOrder))
    {
        int nCount = CPL_SWAP32(nGeomCount);
        memcpy(pabyData + 5, &nCount, 4);
    }
    else
    {
        memcpy(pabyData + 5, &nGeomCount, 4);
    }

    size_t nOffset = 9;

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      Serialize each of the Geoms.                                    */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    int iGeom = 0;
    for (auto &&poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        poSubGeom->exportToWkb(pabyData + nOffset, &sOptions);
        // Should normally not happen if everyone else does its job,
        // but has happened sometimes. (#6332)
        if (poSubGeom->getCoordinateDimension() != getCoordinateDimension())
        {
            CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Sub-geometry %d has coordinate dimension %d, "
                     "but container has %d",
                     iGeom, poSubGeom->getCoordinateDimension(),
                     getCoordinateDimension());
        }

        nOffset += poSubGeom->WkbSize();
        iGeom++;
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       importFromWktInternal()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::importFromWktInternal(const char **ppszInput,
                                                    int nRecLevel)

{
    // Arbitrary value, but certainly large enough for reasonable usages.
    if (nRecLevel == 32)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "Too many recursion levels (%d) while parsing WKT geometry.",
                 nRecLevel);
        return OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;
    }

    int bHasZ = FALSE;
    int bHasM = FALSE;
    bool bIsEmpty = false;
    OGRErr eErr = importPreambleFromWkt(ppszInput, &bHasZ, &bHasM, &bIsEmpty);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        return eErr;
    if (bHasZ)
        flags |= OGR_G_3D;
    if (bHasM)
        flags |= OGR_G_MEASURED;
    if (bIsEmpty)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    char szToken[OGR_WKT_TOKEN_MAX] = {};
    const char *pszInput = *ppszInput;

    // Skip first '('.
    pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szToken);

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      Read each subgeometry in turn.                                  */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    do
    {
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = nullptr;

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Get the first token, which should be the geometry type. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szToken);

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Do the import. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (STARTS_WITH_CI(szToken, "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION"))
        {
            OGRGeometryCollection *poGC = new OGRGeometryCollection();
            poGeom = poGC;
            eErr = poGC->importFromWktInternal(&pszInput, nRecLevel + 1);
        }
        else
            eErr =
                OGRGeometryFactory::createFromWkt(&pszInput, nullptr, &poGeom);

        if (eErr == OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            // If this has M, but not Z, it is an error if poGeom does
            // not have M.
            if (!Is3D() && IsMeasured() && !poGeom->IsMeasured())
                eErr = OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;
            else
                eErr = addGeometryDirectly(poGeom);
        }
        if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            delete poGeom;
            return eErr;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Read the delimiter following the ring. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */

        pszInput = OGRWktReadToken(pszInput, szToken);
    } while (szToken[0] == ',');

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      freak if we don't get a closing bracket.                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (szToken[0] != ')')
        return OGRERR_CORRUPT_DATA;

    *ppszInput = pszInput;

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           importFromWkt()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::importFromWkt(const char **ppszInput)

{
    return importFromWktInternal(ppszInput, 0);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            exportToWkt()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Translate this structure into its well known text format        */
/*      equivalent.                                                     */
/************************************************************************/

std::string OGRGeometryCollection::exportToWkt(const OGRWktOptions &opts,
                                               OGRErr *err) const
{
    return exportToWktInternal(opts, err);
}

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
std::string OGRGeometryCollection::exportToWktInternal(
    const OGRWktOptions &opts, OGRErr *err, const std::string &exclude) const
{
    bool first = true;
    const size_t excludeSize = exclude.size();
    std::string wkt(getGeometryName());
    wkt += wktTypeString(opts.variant);

    try
    {
        for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
        {
            OGRErr subgeomErr = OGRERR_NONE;
            std::string tempWkt = poSubGeom->exportToWkt(opts, &subgeomErr);
            if (subgeomErr != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (err)
                    *err = subgeomErr;
                return std::string();
            }

            // For some strange reason we exclude the typename leader when using
            // some geometries as part of a collection.
            if (excludeSize && (tempWkt.compare(0, excludeSize, exclude) == 0))
            {
                auto pos = tempWkt.find('(');
                // We won't have an opening paren if the geom is empty.
                if (pos == std::string::npos)
                    continue;
                tempWkt = tempWkt.substr(pos);
            }

            // Also strange, we allow the inclusion of ISO-only geometries (see
            // OGRPolyhedralSurface) in a non-iso geometry collection.  In order
            // to facilitate this, we need to rip the ISO bit from the string.
            if (opts.variant != wkbVariantIso)
            {
                std::string::size_type pos;
                if ((pos = tempWkt.find(" Z ")) != std::string::npos)
                    tempWkt.erase(pos + 1, 2);
                else if ((pos = tempWkt.find(" M ")) != std::string::npos)
                    tempWkt.erase(pos + 1, 2);
                else if ((pos = tempWkt.find(" ZM ")) != std::string::npos)
                    tempWkt.erase(pos + 1, 3);
            }

            if (first)
                wkt += '(';
            else
                wkt += ',';
            first = false;
            wkt += tempWkt;
        }

        if (err)
            *err = OGRERR_NONE;
        if (first)
            wkt += "EMPTY";
        else
            wkt += ')';
        return wkt;
    }
    catch (const std::bad_alloc &e)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory, "%s", e.what());
        if (err)
            *err = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        return std::string();
    }
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                            getEnvelope()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::getEnvelope(OGREnvelope *psEnvelope) const

{
    OGREnvelope3D oEnv3D;
    getEnvelope(&oEnv3D);
    psEnvelope->MinX = oEnv3D.MinX;
    psEnvelope->MinY = oEnv3D.MinY;
    psEnvelope->MaxX = oEnv3D.MaxX;
    psEnvelope->MaxY = oEnv3D.MaxY;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            getEnvelope()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::getEnvelope(OGREnvelope3D *psEnvelope) const

{
    OGREnvelope3D oGeomEnv;
    bool bExtentSet = false;

    *psEnvelope = OGREnvelope3D();
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (!poSubGeom->IsEmpty())
        {
            bExtentSet = true;
            poSubGeom->getEnvelope(&oGeomEnv);
            psEnvelope->Merge(oGeomEnv);
        }
    }

    if (!bExtentSet)
    {
        // To be backward compatible when called on empty geom
        psEnvelope->MinX = 0.0;
        psEnvelope->MinY = 0.0;
        psEnvelope->MinZ = 0.0;
        psEnvelope->MaxX = 0.0;
        psEnvelope->MaxY = 0.0;
        psEnvelope->MaxZ = 0.0;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Equals()                               */
/************************************************************************/

OGRBoolean OGRGeometryCollection::Equals(const OGRGeometry *poOther) const

{
    if (poOther == this)
        return TRUE;

    if (poOther->getGeometryType() != getGeometryType())
        return FALSE;

    if (IsEmpty() && poOther->IsEmpty())
        return TRUE;

    auto poOGC = poOther->toGeometryCollection();
    if (getNumGeometries() != poOGC->getNumGeometries())
        return FALSE;

    // TODO(schwehr): Should test the SRS.

    for (int iGeom = 0; iGeom < nGeomCount; iGeom++)
    {
        if (!getGeometryRef(iGeom)->Equals(poOGC->getGeometryRef(iGeom)))
            return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             transform()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRGeometryCollection::transform(OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT)

{
    int iGeom = 0;
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        const OGRErr eErr = poSubGeom->transform(poCT);
        if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            if (iGeom != 0)
            {
                CPLDebug("OGR",
                         "OGRGeometryCollection::transform() failed for a "
                         "geometry other than the first, meaning some "
                         "geometries are transformed and some are not.");

                return OGRERR_FAILURE;
            }

            return eErr;
        }
        iGeom++;
    }

    assignSpatialReference(poCT->GetTargetCS());

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             closeRings()                             */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::closeRings()

{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (OGR_GT_IsSubClassOf(wkbFlatten(poSubGeom->getGeometryType()),
                                wkbCurvePolygon))
        {
            OGRCurvePolygon *poPoly = poSubGeom->toCurvePolygon();
            poPoly->closeRings();
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       setCoordinateDimension()                       */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeometryCollection::setCoordinateDimension(int nNewDimension)

{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (!poSubGeom->setCoordinateDimension(nNewDimension))
            return false;
    }

    return OGRGeometry::setCoordinateDimension(nNewDimension);
}

bool OGRGeometryCollection::set3D(OGRBoolean bIs3D)
{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (!poSubGeom->set3D(bIs3D))
            return false;
    }

    return OGRGeometry::set3D(bIs3D);
}

bool OGRGeometryCollection::setMeasured(OGRBoolean bIsMeasured)
{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (!poSubGeom->setMeasured(bIsMeasured))
            return false;
    }

    return OGRGeometry::setMeasured(bIsMeasured);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              get_Length()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Compute the length of a multicurve.
 *
 * The length is computed as the sum of the length of all members
 * in this collection.
 *
 * @note No warning will be issued if a member of the collection does not
 *       support the get_Length method.
 *
 * @return computed length.
 */

double OGRGeometryCollection::get_Length() const
{
    double dfLength = 0.0;
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        const OGRwkbGeometryType eType =
            wkbFlatten(poSubGeom->getGeometryType());
        if (OGR_GT_IsCurve(eType))
        {
            const OGRCurve *poCurve = poSubGeom->toCurve();
            dfLength += poCurve->get_Length();
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsSurface(eType))
        {
            const OGRSurface *poSurface = poSubGeom->toSurface();
            dfLength += poSurface->get_Length();
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsSubClassOf(eType, wkbGeometryCollection))
        {
            const OGRGeometryCollection *poColl =
                poSubGeom->toGeometryCollection();
            dfLength += poColl->get_Length();
        }
    }

    return dfLength;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              get_Area()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Compute area of geometry collection.
 *
 * The area is computed as the sum of the areas of all members
 * in this collection.
 *
 * @note No warning will be issued if a member of the collection does not
 *       support the get_Area method.
 *
 * @return computed area.
 */

double OGRGeometryCollection::get_Area() const
{
    double dfArea = 0.0;
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        OGRwkbGeometryType eType = wkbFlatten(poSubGeom->getGeometryType());
        if (OGR_GT_IsSurface(eType))
        {
            const OGRSurface *poSurface = poSubGeom->toSurface();
            dfArea += poSurface->get_Area();
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsCurve(eType))
        {
            const OGRCurve *poCurve = poSubGeom->toCurve();
            dfArea += poCurve->get_Area();
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsSubClassOf(eType, wkbMultiSurface) ||
                 eType == wkbGeometryCollection)
        {
            dfArea += poSubGeom->toGeometryCollection()->get_Area();
        }
    }

    return dfArea;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        get_GeodesicArea()                            */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Compute area of geometry collection, considered as a surface on
 * the underlying ellipsoid of the SRS attached to the geometry.
 *
 * The returned area will always be in square meters, and assumes that
 * polygon edges describe geodesic lines on the ellipsoid.
 *
 * <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/html/python/geodesics.html">Geodesics</a>
 * follow the shortest route on the surface of the ellipsoid.
 *
 * If the geometry' SRS is not a geographic one, geometries are reprojected to
 * the underlying geographic SRS of the geometry' SRS.
 * OGRSpatialReference::GetDataAxisToSRSAxisMapping() is honored.
 *
 * The area is computed as the sum of the areas of all members
 * in this collection.
 *
 * @note No warning will be issued if a member of the collection does not
 *       support the get_GeodesicArea method.
 *
 * @param poSRSOverride If not null, overrides OGRGeometry::getSpatialReference()
 * @return the area of the geometry in square meters, or a negative value in case
 * of error.
 *
 * @see get_Area() for an alternative method returning areas computed in
 * 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.9
 */
double OGRGeometryCollection::get_GeodesicArea(
    const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride) const
{
    double dfArea = 0.0;
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        OGRwkbGeometryType eType = wkbFlatten(poSubGeom->getGeometryType());
        if (OGR_GT_IsSurface(eType))
        {
            const OGRSurface *poSurface = poSubGeom->toSurface();
            const double dfLocalArea =
                poSurface->get_GeodesicArea(poSRSOverride);
            if (dfLocalArea < 0)
                return dfLocalArea;
            dfArea += dfLocalArea;
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsCurve(eType))
        {
            const OGRCurve *poCurve = poSubGeom->toCurve();
            const double dfLocalArea = poCurve->get_GeodesicArea(poSRSOverride);
            if (dfLocalArea < 0)
                return dfLocalArea;
            dfArea += dfLocalArea;
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsSubClassOf(eType, wkbGeometryCollection))
        {
            const double dfLocalArea =
                poSubGeom->toGeometryCollection()->get_GeodesicArea(
                    poSRSOverride);
            if (dfLocalArea < 0)
                return dfLocalArea;
            dfArea += dfLocalArea;
        }
    }

    return dfArea;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        get_GeodesicLength()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Get the length of the collection,where curve edges are geodesic lines
 * on the underlying ellipsoid of the SRS attached to the geometry.
 *
 * The returned length will always be in meters.
 *
 * <a href="https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/html/python/geodesics.html">Geodesics</a>
 * follow the shortest route on the surface of the ellipsoid.
 *
 * If the geometry' SRS is not a geographic one, geometries are reprojected to
 * the underlying geographic SRS of the geometry' SRS.
 * OGRSpatialReference::GetDataAxisToSRSAxisMapping() is honored.
 *
 * Note that geometries with circular arcs will be linearized in their original
 * coordinate space first, so the resulting geodesic length will be an
 * approximation.
 *
 * The length is computed as the sum of the lengths of all members
 * in this collection.
 *
 * @note No warning will be issued if a member of the collection does not
 *       support the get_GeodesicLength method.
 *
 * @param poSRSOverride If not null, overrides OGRGeometry::getSpatialReference()
 * @return the length of the geometry in meters, or a negative value in case
 * of error.
 *
 * @see get_Length() for an alternative method returning areas computed in
 * 2D Cartesian space.
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.10
 */
double OGRGeometryCollection::get_GeodesicLength(
    const OGRSpatialReference *poSRSOverride) const
{
    double dfLength = 0.0;
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        const OGRwkbGeometryType eType =
            wkbFlatten(poSubGeom->getGeometryType());
        if (OGR_GT_IsSurface(eType))
        {
            const OGRSurface *poSurface = poSubGeom->toSurface();
            const double dfLocalLength =
                poSurface->get_GeodesicLength(poSRSOverride);
            if (dfLocalLength < 0)
                return dfLocalLength;
            dfLength += dfLocalLength;
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsCurve(eType))
        {
            const OGRCurve *poCurve = poSubGeom->toCurve();
            const double dfLocalLength =
                poCurve->get_GeodesicLength(poSRSOverride);
            if (dfLocalLength < 0)
                return dfLocalLength;
            dfLength += dfLocalLength;
        }
        else if (OGR_GT_IsSubClassOf(eType, wkbGeometryCollection))
        {
            const double dfLocalLength =
                poSubGeom->toGeometryCollection()->get_GeodesicLength(
                    poSRSOverride);
            if (dfLocalLength < 0)
                return dfLocalLength;
            dfLength += dfLocalLength;
        }
    }

    return dfLength;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               IsEmpty()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRBoolean OGRGeometryCollection::IsEmpty() const
{
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (poSubGeom->IsEmpty() == FALSE)
            return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       assignSpatialReference()                       */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::assignSpatialReference(
    const OGRSpatialReference *poSR)
{
    OGRGeometry::assignSpatialReference(poSR);
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        poSubGeom->assignSpatialReference(poSR);
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*              OGRGeometryCollection::segmentize()                     */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRGeometryCollection::segmentize(double dfMaxLength)
{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (!poSubGeom->segmentize(dfMaxLength))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               swapXY()                               */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRGeometryCollection::swapXY()
{
    for (auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        poSubGeom->swapXY();
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          isCompatibleSubType()                       */
/************************************************************************/

/** Returns whether a geometry of the specified geometry type can be a
 * member of this collection.
 *
 * @param eSubType type of the potential member
 * @return TRUE or FALSE
 */

OGRBoolean OGRGeometryCollection::isCompatibleSubType(
    CPL_UNUSED OGRwkbGeometryType eSubType) const
{
    // Accept all geometries as sub-geometries.
    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         hasCurveGeometry()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRBoolean OGRGeometryCollection::hasCurveGeometry(int bLookForNonLinear) const
{
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        if (poSubGeom->hasCurveGeometry(bLookForNonLinear))
            return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         getLinearGeometry()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometry *
OGRGeometryCollection::getLinearGeometry(double dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees,
                                         const char *const *papszOptions) const
{
    auto poGC = std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometryCollection>(
        OGRGeometryFactory::createGeometry(OGR_GT_GetLinear(getGeometryType()))
            ->toGeometryCollection());
    if (!poGC)
        return nullptr;
    poGC->assignSpatialReference(getSpatialReference());
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        OGRGeometry *poSubGeomNew = poSubGeom->getLinearGeometry(
            dfMaxAngleStepSizeDegrees, papszOptions);
        if (poGC->addGeometryDirectly(poSubGeomNew) != OGRERR_NONE)
            return nullptr;
    }
    return poGC.release();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             getCurveGeometry()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometry *
OGRGeometryCollection::getCurveGeometry(const char *const *papszOptions) const
{
    auto poGC = std::unique_ptr<OGRGeometryCollection>(
        OGRGeometryFactory::createGeometry(OGR_GT_GetCurve(getGeometryType()))
            ->toGeometryCollection());
    if (!poGC)
        return nullptr;
    poGC->assignSpatialReference(getSpatialReference());
    bool bHasCurveGeometry = false;
    for (const auto &poSubGeom : *this)
    {
        OGRGeometry *poSubGeomNew = poSubGeom->getCurveGeometry(papszOptions);
        if (poSubGeomNew->hasCurveGeometry())
            bHasCurveGeometry = true;
        if (poGC->addGeometryDirectly(poSubGeomNew) != OGRERR_NONE)
            return nullptr;
    }
    if (!bHasCurveGeometry)
    {
        return clone();
    }
    return poGC.release();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      TransferMembersAndDestroy()                     */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
OGRGeometryCollection *
OGRGeometryCollection::TransferMembersAndDestroy(OGRGeometryCollection *poSrc,
                                                 OGRGeometryCollection *poDst)
{
    poDst->assignSpatialReference(poSrc->getSpatialReference());
    poDst->set3D(poSrc->Is3D());
    poDst->setMeasured(poSrc->IsMeasured());
    poDst->nGeomCount = poSrc->nGeomCount;
    poDst->papoGeoms = poSrc->papoGeoms;
    poSrc->nGeomCount = 0;
    poSrc->papoGeoms = nullptr;
    delete poSrc;
    return poDst;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                        CastToGeometryCollection()                    */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Cast to geometry collection.
 *
 * This methods cast a derived class of geometry collection to a plain
 * geometry collection.
 *
 * The passed in geometry is consumed and a new one returned (or NULL in case
 * of failure).
 *
 * @param poSrc the input geometry - ownership is passed to the method.
 * @return new geometry.
 */

OGRGeometryCollection *
OGRGeometryCollection::CastToGeometryCollection(OGRGeometryCollection *poSrc)
{
    if (wkbFlatten(poSrc->getGeometryType()) == wkbGeometryCollection)
        return poSrc;
    return TransferMembersAndDestroy(poSrc, new OGRGeometryCollection());
}