/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  GDAL
 * Purpose:  CPLString implementation.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2005, Frank Warmerdam <warmerdam@pobox.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2011, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"

#include <cctype>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>

#include "cpl_config.h"
#include "cpl_conv.h"

#if !defined(va_copy) && defined(__va_copy)
#define va_copy __va_copy
#endif

/*
 * The CPLString class is derived from std::string, so the vast majority
 * of the implementation comes from that.  This module is just the extensions
 * we add.
 */

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Printf()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/** Assign the content of the string using sprintf() */
CPLString &CPLString::Printf(CPL_FORMAT_STRING(const char *pszFormat), ...)

{
    va_list args;

    va_start(args, pszFormat);
    vPrintf(pszFormat, args);
    va_end(args);

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              vPrintf()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/** Assign the content of the string using vsprintf() */
CPLString &CPLString::vPrintf(CPL_FORMAT_STRING(const char *pszFormat),
                              va_list args)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      This implementation for platforms without vsnprintf() will      */
    /*      just plain fail if the formatted contents are too large.        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if !defined(HAVE_VSNPRINTF)
    char *pszBuffer = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(30000));
    if (CPLvsnprintf(pszBuffer, 30000, pszFormat, args) > 29998)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Fatal, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "CPLString::vPrintf() ... buffer overrun.");
    }
    *this = pszBuffer;
    CPLFree(pszBuffer);

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      This should grow a big enough buffer to hold any formatted      */
/*      result.                                                         */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#else
    va_list wrk_args;

#ifdef va_copy
    va_copy(wrk_args, args);
#else
    wrk_args = args;
#endif

    char szModestBuffer[500] = {};
    szModestBuffer[0] = '\0';
    int nPR = CPLvsnprintf(szModestBuffer, sizeof(szModestBuffer), pszFormat,
                           wrk_args);
    if (nPR == -1 || nPR >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(szModestBuffer)) - 1)
    {
        int nWorkBufferSize = 2000;
        char *pszWorkBuffer = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nWorkBufferSize));

#ifdef va_copy
        va_end(wrk_args);
        va_copy(wrk_args, args);
#else
        wrk_args = args;
#endif
        while ((nPR = CPLvsnprintf(pszWorkBuffer, nWorkBufferSize, pszFormat,
                                   wrk_args)) >= nWorkBufferSize - 1 ||
               nPR == -1)
        {
            nWorkBufferSize *= 4;
            pszWorkBuffer =
                static_cast<char *>(CPLRealloc(pszWorkBuffer, nWorkBufferSize));
#ifdef va_copy
            va_end(wrk_args);
            va_copy(wrk_args, args);
#else
            wrk_args = args;
#endif
        }
        *this = pszWorkBuffer;
        CPLFree(pszWorkBuffer);
    }
    else
    {
        *this = szModestBuffer;
    }
#ifdef va_copy
    va_end(wrk_args);
#endif

#endif /* !defined(HAVE_VSNPRINTF) */

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              FormatC()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Format double in C locale.
 *
 * The passed value is formatted using the C locale (period as decimal
 * separator) and appended to the target CPLString.
 *
 * @param dfValue the value to format.
 * @param pszFormat the sprintf() style format to use or omit for default.
 * Note that this format string should only include one substitution argument
 * and it must be for a double (%f or %g).
 *
 * @return a reference to the CPLString.
 */

CPLString &CPLString::FormatC(double dfValue, const char *pszFormat)

{
    if (pszFormat == nullptr)
        pszFormat = "%g";

    // presumably long enough for any number.
    const size_t buf_size = 512;
    char szWork[buf_size] = {};

    CPLsnprintf(szWork, buf_size, pszFormat, dfValue);

    *this += szWork;

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                Trim()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Trim white space.
 *
 * Trims white space off the let and right of the string.  White space
 * is any of a space, a tab, a newline ('\\n') or a carriage control ('\\r').
 *
 * @return a reference to the CPLString.
 */

CPLString &CPLString::Trim()

{
    constexpr char szWhitespace[] = " \t\r\n";

    const size_t iLeft = find_first_not_of(szWhitespace);
    const size_t iRight = find_last_not_of(szWhitespace);

    if (iLeft == std::string::npos)
    {
        erase();
        return *this;
    }

    assign(substr(iLeft, iRight - iLeft + 1));

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Recode()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/** Recode the string */
CPLString &CPLString::Recode(const char *pszSrcEncoding,
                             const char *pszDstEncoding)

{
    if (pszSrcEncoding == nullptr)
        pszSrcEncoding = CPL_ENC_UTF8;
    if (pszDstEncoding == nullptr)
        pszDstEncoding = CPL_ENC_UTF8;

    if (strcmp(pszSrcEncoding, pszDstEncoding) == 0)
        return *this;

    char *pszRecoded = CPLRecode(c_str(), pszSrcEncoding, pszDstEncoding);

    if (pszRecoded == nullptr)
        return *this;

    assign(pszRecoded);
    CPLFree(pszRecoded);

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               ifind()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Case insensitive find() alternative.
 *
 * @param str substring to find.
 * @param pos offset in the string at which the search starts.
 * @return the position of substring in the string or std::string::npos if not
 * found.
 */

size_t CPLString::ifind(const std::string &str, size_t pos) const

{
    return ifind(str.c_str(), pos);
}

/**
 * Case insensitive find() alternative.
 *
 * @param s substring to find.
 * @param nPos offset in the string at which the search starts.
 * @return the position of the substring in the string or std::string::npos if
 * not found.
 */

size_t CPLString::ifind(const char *s, size_t nPos) const

{
    const char *pszHaystack = c_str();
    const char chFirst =
        static_cast<char>(CPLTolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[0])));
    const size_t nTargetLen = strlen(s);

    if (nPos > size())
        nPos = size();

    pszHaystack += nPos;

    while (*pszHaystack != '\0')
    {
        if (chFirst == CPLTolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(*pszHaystack)))
        {
            if (EQUALN(pszHaystack, s, nTargetLen))
                return nPos;
        }

        nPos++;
        pszHaystack++;
    }

    return std::string::npos;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              toupper()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Convert to upper case in place.
 */

CPLString &CPLString::toupper()

{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        (*this)[i] = static_cast<char>(CPLToupper((*this)[i]));

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              tolower()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Convert to lower case in place.
 */

CPLString &CPLString::tolower()

{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        (*this)[i] = static_cast<char>(CPLTolower((*this)[i]));

    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             replaceAll()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Replace all occurrences of osBefore with osAfter.
 */
CPLString &CPLString::replaceAll(const std::string &osBefore,
                                 const std::string &osAfter)
{
    const size_t nBeforeSize = osBefore.size();
    const size_t nAfterSize = osAfter.size();
    if (nBeforeSize)
    {
        size_t nStartPos = 0;
        while ((nStartPos = find(osBefore, nStartPos)) != std::string::npos)
        {
            replace(nStartPos, nBeforeSize, osAfter);
            nStartPos += nAfterSize;
        }
    }
    return *this;
}

/**
 * Replace all occurrences of chBefore with osAfter.
 */
CPLString &CPLString::replaceAll(char chBefore, const std::string &osAfter)
{
    return replaceAll(std::string(&chBefore, 1), osAfter);
}

/**
 * Replace all occurrences of osBefore with chAfter.
 */
CPLString &CPLString::replaceAll(const std::string &osBefore, char chAfter)
{
    return replaceAll(osBefore, std::string(&chAfter, 1));
}

/**
 * Replace all occurrences of chBefore with chAfter.
 */
CPLString &CPLString::replaceAll(char chBefore, char chAfter)
{
    return replaceAll(std::string(&chBefore, 1), std::string(&chAfter, 1));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             endsWith()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Returns whether the string ends with another string
 * @param osStr other string.
 * @return true if the string ends with osStr.
 */
bool CPLString::endsWith(const std::string &osStr) const
{
    if (size() < osStr.size())
        return false;
    return substr(size() - osStr.size()) == osStr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             URLEncode()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Return a string that *can* be a valid URL.
 *
 * Said otherwise if URLEncode() != *this was not a valid URL according to
 * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html.
 *
 * This replaces all characters that are not reserved (:/?#[]\@!$&'()*+,;=),
 * unreserved (a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and -.-~) or already percent-encoded by their
 * percent-encoding.
 *
 * Note that when composing a URL, and typically query-parameters, it might
 * be needed to use CPLEscape(,,CPLES_URL) to also substitute reserved
 * characters.
 *
 * @return a URL encoded string
 * @since 3.12
 */
CPLString CPLString::URLEncode() const
{
    // Helper to check if a substring is a valid percent-encoding
    auto isPercentEncoded = [](const char *str) -> bool
    {
        return str[0] == '%' &&
               std::isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[1])) &&
               std::isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[2]));
    };

    // Cf https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html
    const char *unreserved =
        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~";
    const char *reserved = ":/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;=";
    CPLString osEncoded;
    osEncoded.reserve(size());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size(); ++i)
    {
        char ch = (*this)[i];
        // If already percent-encoded, copy as is
        if (ch == '%' && i + 2 < size() && isPercentEncoded(c_str() + i))
        {
            osEncoded += ch;
            osEncoded += (*this)[i + 1];
            osEncoded += (*this)[i + 2];
            i += 2;
        }
        else if (strchr(unreserved, ch) || strchr(reserved, ch))
        {
            osEncoded += ch;
        }
        else
        {
            char buf[4];
            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%%%02X",
                     static_cast<unsigned char>(ch));
            osEncoded += buf;
        }
    }
    return osEncoded;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CPLURLGetValue()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Return the value matching a key from a key=value pair in a URL.
 *
 * @param pszURL the URL.
 * @param pszKey the key to find.
 * @return the value of empty string if not found.
 */
CPLString CPLURLGetValue(const char *pszURL, const char *pszKey)
{
    CPLString osKey(pszKey);
    osKey += "=";
    size_t nKeyPos = CPLString(pszURL).ifind(osKey);
    if (nKeyPos != std::string::npos && nKeyPos > 0 &&
        (pszURL[nKeyPos - 1] == '?' || pszURL[nKeyPos - 1] == '&'))
    {
        CPLString osValue(pszURL + nKeyPos + osKey.size());
        const char *pszValue = osValue.c_str();
        const char *pszSep = strchr(pszValue, '&');
        if (pszSep)
        {
            osValue.resize(pszSep - pszValue);
        }
        return osValue;
    }
    return "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          CPLURLAddKVP()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Return a new URL with a new key=value pair.
 *
 * @param pszURL the URL.
 * @param pszKey the key to find.
 * @param pszValue the value of the key (may be NULL to unset an existing KVP).
 * @return the modified URL.
 */
CPLString CPLURLAddKVP(const char *pszURL, const char *pszKey,
                       const char *pszValue)
{
    CPLString osURL(strchr(pszURL, '?') == nullptr
                        ? CPLString(pszURL).append("?")
                        : pszURL);

    CPLString osKey(pszKey);
    osKey += "=";
    size_t nKeyPos = osURL.ifind(osKey);
    if (nKeyPos != std::string::npos && nKeyPos > 0 &&
        (osURL[nKeyPos - 1] == '?' || osURL[nKeyPos - 1] == '&'))
    {
        CPLString osNewURL(osURL);
        osNewURL.resize(nKeyPos);
        if (pszValue)
        {
            osNewURL += osKey;
            osNewURL += pszValue;
        }
        const char *pszNext = strchr(osURL.c_str() + nKeyPos, '&');
        if (pszNext)
        {
            if (osNewURL.back() == '&' || osNewURL.back() == '?')
                osNewURL += pszNext + 1;
            else
                osNewURL += pszNext;
        }
        return osNewURL;
    }
    else
    {
        CPLString osNewURL(std::move(osURL));
        if (pszValue)
        {
            if (osNewURL.back() != '&' && osNewURL.back() != '?')
                osNewURL += '&';
            osNewURL += osKey;
            osNewURL += pszValue;
        }
        return osNewURL;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CPLOPrintf()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return a CPLString with the content of sprintf() */
CPLString CPLOPrintf(CPL_FORMAT_STRING(const char *pszFormat), ...)

{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, pszFormat);

    CPLString osTarget;
    osTarget.vPrintf(pszFormat, args);

    va_end(args);

    return osTarget;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CPLOvPrintf()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return a CPLString with the content of vsprintf() */
CPLString CPLOvPrintf(CPL_FORMAT_STRING(const char *pszFormat), va_list args)

{
    CPLString osTarget;
    osTarget.vPrintf(pszFormat, args);
    return osTarget;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CPLQuotedSQLIdentifer()                   */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return a CPLString of the SQL quoted identifier */
CPLString CPLQuotedSQLIdentifier(const char *pszIdent)

{
    CPLString osIdent;

    if (pszIdent)
    {
        char *pszQuotedIdent = CPLEscapeString(pszIdent, -1, CPLES_SQLI);
        osIdent.Printf("\"%s\"", pszQuotedIdent);
        CPLFree(pszQuotedIdent);
    }

    return osIdent;
}