######################################################################## # BGN/PCGN 1952 System # # This system was adopted by the BGN in 1949 and by the PCGN in 1952. # It reflects the much simplified Bulgarian orthography as officially # revised in February 1945. The Bulgarian alphabet contains all of # the characters present in the Russian alphabet with the exception # of Ёё, Ыы, and Ээ. Two obsolete letters Ѫѫ and Ѣѣ are also given. # # The Bulgarian Alphabet as defined by the BGN (Page 15): # # АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯѪѢ # абвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюяѫѣ # # Originally prepared by Michael Everson <everson@evertype.com> ######################################################################## # # MINIMAL FILTER: Bulgarian-Latin # :: [АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯѪѢабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюяѫѣ] ; :: NFD (NFC) ; # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # Define All Transformation Variables # ######################################################################## # $upperConsonants = [БВГДЖЗЙКЛМНПРСТФХЦЧШЩЬ] ; $lowerConsonants = [бвгджзйклмнпрстфхцчшщь] ; $consonants = [$upperConsonants $lowerConsonants] ; $upperVowels = [АЕИОУЪЮЯѪѢ] ; $lowerVowels = [аеиоуъюяѫѣ] ; $vowels = [$upperVowels $lowerVowels] ; $lower = [$lowerConsonants $lowerVowels] ; $bulgarian = [ $lower $upperConsonants $upperVowels ] ; # # Use this $wordBoundary until bug 2034 is fixed in ICU: # http://bugs.icu-project.org/cgi-bin/icu-bugs/transliterate?id=2034;expression=boundary;user=guest # $wordBoundary = [^[:L:][:M:][:N:]] ; # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # Start of Alphabetic Transformations # ######################################################################## # А → A ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A а → a ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A Б → B ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE б → b ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE В → V ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE в → v ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE Г → G ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE г → g ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE Д → D ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE д → d ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE Е → E ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE е → e ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE Ж} $lower → Zh ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE Ж → ZH ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE ж → zh ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE З → Z ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE з → z ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE И → I ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I и → i ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I Й → Y ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I й → y ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I К → K ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA к → k ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA Л → L ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL л → l ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL М → M ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM м → m ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM Н → N ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN н → n ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN О → O ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O о → o ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O П → P ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE п → p ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE Р → R ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER р → r ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER С → S ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES с → s ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 16 Note 4 # # тс becomes t·s # ######################################################################## # ТС → T·S ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE Тс → T·s ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE тс → t·s ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE Т → T ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE т → t ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE # ######################################################################## # # End Note 4 # ######################################################################## У → U ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U у → u ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U Ф → F ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF ф → f ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF Х} $lower → Kh ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA Х → KH ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA х → kh ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA Ц} $lower → Ts ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE Ц → TS ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE ц → ts ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE Ч} $lower → Ch ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE Ч → CH ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE ч → ch ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE ######################################################################## # # Implied rule from BGN Russian-Latin transliteration (Page 94 Note 3.6). # # шт becomes sh·t # ######################################################################## # ШТ → SH·T ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA Шт → Sh·t ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA шт → sh·t ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA Ш} $lower → Sh ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA Ш → SH ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA ш → sh ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA Щ} $lower → Sht ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA Щ → SHT ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA щ → sht ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA # ######################################################################## # # End Implied rule # ######################################################################## Ъ → Ŭ ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN ъ → ŭ ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 16 Note 1 # # In modern Bulgarian orthography, the character ъ does not occur in # word-final position. It should be omitted in romanization when found # on older sources. # # The following rule removes all Ъъ at the end of a word. It is assumed # that when the condition is met, the text must be from an older source. # Comment out with a '#' at the start of a line to disable. # # ######################################################################## # $bulgarian { [Ъъ] } $wordBoundary > ; # ######################################################################## # # End BGN Page 16 Note 1 # ######################################################################## Ь → ’ ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN ь → ’ ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN Ю} $lower → Yu ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU Ю → YU ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU ю → yu ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU Я} $lower → Ya ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA Я → YA ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA я → ya ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 16 Note 2 # # The obsolete character Ѫ, which was replaced by Ъ in 1945, should be # romanized Ŭ. # ######################################################################## # Ѫ → Ŭ ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS ѫ → ŭ ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS # ######################################################################## # # End BGN Page 16 Note 2 # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 16 Note 3 # # The obsolete character Ѣ, replaced in 1945 by Я or Е according to local # pronunciation, should be romanized as e or ya, accordingly, if the # pronunciation is known; otherwise as ye. # ######################################################################## # Ѣ} $lower → Ye ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT Ѣ → YE ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT ѣ → ye ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT # # Alternative rule where appropriate for local pronounciation. To apply # uncomment the following by removing the '#' mark at the start of the # line and insert before the three rule lines above. # # Ѣ} $lower → e ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT # Ѣ → E ; # CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT # ѣ → e ; # CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT # ######################################################################## # # End BGN Page 16 Note 3 # ########################################################################