# Custom Rules

In addition to its built-in rules, `markdownlint` lets you enhance the linting
experience by passing an array of custom rules using the [`options.customRules`
property][options-custom-rules]. Custom rules can do everything the built-in
rules can and are defined inline or imported from another package ([keyword
`markdownlint-rule` on npm][markdownlint-rule]). When defined by a file or
package, the export can be a single rule object (see below) or an array of them.
Custom rules can be disabled, enabled, and customized using the same syntax as
built-in rules.

## Implementing Simple Rules

For simple requirements like disallowing certain characters or patterns,
the community-developed
[markdownlint-rule-search-replace][markdownlint-rule-search-replace]
plug-in can be used.
This plug-in allows anyone to create a set of simple text-replacement rules in
JSON without needing to write any code.

[markdownlint-rule-search-replace]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/markdownlint-rule-search-replace

## Authoring

Rules are defined by a name (or multiple names), a description, an optional link
to more information, one or more tags, and a function that implements the rule's
behavior. That function is called once for each file/string input and is passed
the parsed input and a function to log any violations.

A simple rule implementation looks like:

```javascript
/** @type import("markdownlint").Rule */
module.exports = {
  "names": [ "any-blockquote" ],
  "description": "Rule that reports an error for any blockquote",
  "information": new URL("https://example.com/rules/any-blockquote"),
  "tags": [ "test" ],
  "parser": "markdownit",
  "function": function rule(params, onError) {
    params.parsers.markdownit.tokens.filter(function filterToken(token) {
      return token.type === "blockquote_open";
    }).forEach(function forToken(blockquote) {
      var lines = blockquote.map[1] - blockquote.map[0];
      onError({
        "lineNumber": blockquote.lineNumber,
        "detail": "Blockquote spans " + lines + " line(s).",
        "context": blockquote.line.substr(0, 7)
      });
    });
  }
};
```

A rule is implemented as an `Object`:

- `names` is a required `Array` of `String` values that identify the rule in
  output messages and config.
- `description` is a required `String` value that describes the rule in output
  messages.
- `information` is an optional (absolute) `URL` of a link to more information
  about the rule.
- `tags` is a required `Array` of `String` values that groups related rules for
  easier customization.
- `parser` is a required `String` value `"markdownit" | "none"` that specifies
  the parser data used via `params.parsers` (see below).
  - Note: The value `"micromark"` is valid but is NOT currently supported.
- `asynchronous` is an optional `Boolean` value that indicates whether the rule
  returns a `Promise` and runs asynchronously.
- `function` is a required `Function` that implements the rule and is passed two
  parameters:
  - `params` is an `Object` with properties that describe the content being
    analyzed:
    - `name` is a `String` that identifies the input file/string.
    - `parsers` is an `Object` with properties corresponding to the value of
      `parser` in the rule definition (see above).
      - `markdownit` is an `Object` that provides access to output from the
        [`markdown-it`][markdown-it] parser.
        - `tokens` is an `Array` of [`markdown-it` `Token`s][markdown-it-token]
          with added `line` and `lineNumber` properties. (This property was
          previously on the `params` object.)
    - `lines` is an `Array` of `String` values corresponding to the lines of the
      input file/string.
    - `frontMatterLines` is an `Array` of `String` values corresponding to any
      front matter (not present in `lines`).
    - `config` is an `Object` corresponding to the rule's entry in
      `options.config` (if present).
  - `onError` is a function that takes a single `Object` parameter with one
    required and four optional properties:
    - `lineNumber` is a required `Number` specifying the 1-based line number of
      the error.
    - `detail` is an optional `String` with information about what caused the
      error.
    - `context` is an optional `String` with relevant text surrounding the error
      location.
    - `information` is an optional (absolute) `URL` of a link to override the
      same-named value provided by the rule definition. (Uncommon)
    - `range` is an optional `Array` with two `Number` values identifying the
      1-based column and length of the error.
    - `fixInfo` is an optional `Object` with information about how to fix the
      error (all properties are optional, but at least one of `deleteCount` and
      `insertText` should be present; when applying a fix, the delete should be
      performed before the insert):
      - `lineNumber` is an optional `Number` specifying the 1-based line number
        of the edit.
      - `editColumn` is an optional `Number` specifying the 1-based column
        number of the edit.
      - `deleteCount` is an optional `Number` specifying the number of
        characters to delete (the value `-1` is used to delete the line).
      - `insertText` is an optional `String` specifying the text to insert. `\n`
        is the platform-independent way to add a line break; line breaks should
        be added at the beginning of a line instead of at the end.

The collection of helper functions shared by the built-in rules is available for
use by custom rules in the [markdownlint-rule-helpers package][rule-helpers].

### Asynchronous Rules

If a rule needs to perform asynchronous operations (such as fetching a network
resource), it can specify the value `true` for its `asynchronous` property.
Asynchronous rules should return a `Promise` from their `function`
implementation that is resolved when the rule completes. (The value passed to
`resolve(...)` is ignored.) Linting violations from asynchronous rules are
reported via the `onError` function just like for synchronous rules.

**Note**: Asynchronous rules cannot be referenced in a synchronous calling
context (i.e., `markdownlint.sync(...)`). Attempting to do so throws an
exception.

## Examples

- [Simple rules used by the project's test cases][test-rules]
- [Code for all `markdownlint` built-in rules][lib]
- [Complete example rule including npm configuration][extended-ascii]
- [Custom rules from the github/docs repository][github-docs]
- [Custom rules from the electron/lint-roller repository][electron]
- [Custom rules from the webhintio/hint repository][hint]

## References

- [CommonMark documentation and specification][commonmark]
- [`markdown-it` Markdown parser project page][markdown-it]

## Params

The Markdown document:

```markdown
# Title

Text *text* text.
```

Yields the `params` object:

```json
{
  "name": "doc/example.md",
  "parsers.markdownit.tokens": [
    {
      "type": "heading_open",
      "tag": "h1",
      "attrs": null,
      "map": [ 0, 1 ],
      "nesting": 1,
      "level": 0,
      "children": null,
      "content": "",
      "markup": "#",
      "info": "",
      "meta": null,
      "block": true,
      "hidden": false,
      "line": "# Title",
      "lineNumber": 1
    },
    {
      "type": "inline",
      "tag": "",
      "attrs": null,
      "map": [ 0, 1 ],
      "nesting": 0,
      "level": 1,
      "children": [
        {
          "type": "text",
          "tag": "",
          "attrs": null,
          "map": null,
          "nesting": 0,
          "level": 0,
          "children": null,
          "content": "Title",
          "markup": "",
          "info": "",
          "meta": null,
          "block": false,
          "hidden": false,
          "lineNumber": 1,
          "line": "# Title"
        }
      ],
      "content": "Title",
      "markup": "",
      "info": "",
      "meta": null,
      "block": true,
      "hidden": false,
      "line": "# Title",
      "lineNumber": 1
    },
    {
      "type": "heading_close",
      "tag": "h1",
      "attrs": null,
      "map": null,
      "nesting": -1,
      "level": 0,
      "children": null,
      "content": "",
      "markup": "#",
      "info": "",
      "meta": null,
      "block": true,
      "hidden": false
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph_open",
      "tag": "p",
      "attrs": null,
      "map": [ 2, 3 ],
      "nesting": 1,
      "level": 0,
      "children": null,
      "content": "",
      "markup": "",
      "info": "",
      "meta": null,
      "block": true,
      "hidden": false,
      "line": "Text *text* text.",
      "lineNumber": 3
    },
    {
      "type": "inline",
      "tag": "",
      "attrs": null,
      "map": [ 2, 3 ],
      "nesting": 0,
      "level": 1,
      "children": [
        {
          "type": "text",
          "tag": "",
          "attrs": null,
          "map": null,
          "nesting": 0,
          "level": 0,
          "children": null,
          "content": "Text ",
          "markup": "",
          "info": "",
          "meta": null,
          "block": false,
          "hidden": false,
          "lineNumber": 3,
          "line": "Text *text* text."
        },
        {
          "type": "em_open",
          "tag": "em",
          "attrs": null,
          "map": null,
          "nesting": 1,
          "level": 1,
          "children": null,
          "content": "",
          "markup": "*",
          "info": "",
          "meta": null,
          "block": false,
          "hidden": false,
          "lineNumber": 3,
          "line": "Text *text* text."
        },
        {
          "type": "text",
          "tag": "",
          "attrs": null,
          "map": null,
          "nesting": 0,
          "level": 1,
          "children": null,
          "content": "text",
          "markup": "",
          "info": "",
          "meta": null,
          "block": false,
          "hidden": false,
          "lineNumber": 3,
          "line": "Text *text* text."
        },
        {
          "type": "em_close",
          "tag": "em",
          "attrs": null,
          "map": null,
          "nesting": -1,
          "level": 0,
          "children": null,
          "content": "",
          "markup": "*",
          "info": "",
          "meta": null,
          "block": false,
          "hidden": false,
          "lineNumber": 3,
          "line": "Text *text* text."
        },
        {
          "type": "text",
          "tag": "",
          "attrs": null,
          "map": null,
          "nesting": 0,
          "level": 0,
          "children": null,
          "content": " text.",
          "markup": "",
          "info": "",
          "meta": null,
          "block": false,
          "hidden": false,
          "lineNumber": 3,
          "line": "Text *text* text."
        }
      ],
      "content": "Text *text* text.",
      "markup": "",
      "info": "",
      "meta": null,
      "block": true,
      "hidden": false,
      "line": "Text *text* text.",
      "lineNumber": 3
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph_close",
      "tag": "p",
      "attrs": null,
      "map": null,
      "nesting": -1,
      "level": 0,
      "children": null,
      "content": "",
      "markup": "",
      "info": "",
      "meta": null,
      "block": true,
      "hidden": false
    }
  ],
  "lines": [
    "# Title",
    "",
    "Text *text* text.",
    ""
  ],
  "frontMatterLines": [],
  "config": {
    "customValue1": "abc",
    "customValue2": 123
  }
}
```

[commonmark]: https://commonmark.org/
[electron]: https://github.com/electron/lint-roller/tree/main/markdownlint-rules
[extended-ascii]: https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint-rule-extended-ascii
[github-docs]: https://github.com/github/docs/tree/main/src/content-linter/lib/linting-rules
[hint]: https://github.com/webhintio/hint/blob/main/scripts/lint-markdown.js
[lib]: ../lib
[markdown-it]: https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it
[markdown-it-token]: https://markdown-it.github.io/markdown-it/#Token
[markdownlint-rule]: https://www.npmjs.com/search?q=keywords:markdownlint-rule
[rule-helpers]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/markdownlint-rule-helpers
[options-custom-rules]: ../README.md#optionscustomrules
[test-rules]: ../test/rules