/**
 * Copyright 2015 CANAL+ Group
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import log from "../log";
import assert from "./assert";
import noop from "./noop";

/**
 * Class facilitating asynchronous task cancellation.
 *
 * This class can be used to notify some code running an asynchronous task (for
 * example, a request) that is should abort what it is doing (for example, abort
 * a request when it isn't needed anymore).
 *
 * To do that, the code which might ask for cancellation have to create a new
 * `TaskCanceller`:
 * ```js
 * const canceller = new TaskCanceller("my example task");
 * ```
 *
 * And has to provide its associated `CancellationSignal` to the code running
 * the asynchronous task:
 * ```js
 * runAsyncTask(canceller.signal);
 * ```
 *
 * In the asynchronous task, the signal can be listened to (see documentation
 * on `CancellationSignal` for more information):
 * ```js
 * function runAsyncTask(cancellationSignal) {
 *  // Let's say this function returns a Promise (this is not mandatory however)
 *  return Promise((resolve, reject) => {
 *    // In this example, we'll even catch the case where an asynchronous task
 *    // was already cancelled before being called.
 *    // This ensure that no code will run if that's the case.
 *    if (cancellationSignal.isCancelled) {
 *      // Here we're rejecting the CancellationError to notify the caller that
 *      // this error was due to the task being aborted.
 *      reject(cancellationSignal.cancellationError);
 *      return;
 *    }
 *
 *    // Example:
 *    // performing asynchronous task and registering callbacks on success/failure.
 *    const myCancellableTask = doSomeAsyncTasks()
 *      .onFinished(onTaskFinished);
 *      .onFailed(onTaskFailed);
 *
 *    // Run a callback when/if the corresponding `TaskCanceller` was triggered.
 *    // Run immediately if the TaskCanceller was already triggered.
 *    const deregisterSignal = cancellationSignal.register(onCancellation);
 *
 *    // Callback called on cancellation (if this task was cancelled while the
 *    // cancellationSignal's listener is still registered).
 *    // The `error` in argument is linked to that cancellation. It is usually
 *    // expected that the same Error instance is used when rejecting Promises.
 *    function onCancellation(error : CancellationError) {
 *      // abort asynchronous task
 *      myCancellableTask.cancel(error.reason);
 *
 *      // In this example, reject the current pending Promise
 *      reject(CancellationError);
 *    }
 *
 *    // Callback called after the asynchronous task has finished with success.
 *    function onTaskFinished() {
 *      // Stop listening to the cancellationSignal
 *      deregisterSignal();
 *
 *      // Resolve the Promise
 *      resolve();
 *    }
 *
 *    // Callback called after the asynchronous task has finished with failure.
 *    function onTaskFailed(someError : Error) {
 *      // Stop listening to the cancellationSignal
 *      deregisterSignal();
 *
 *      // Resolve the Promise
 *      reject(error);
 *    }
 *  });
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * The code asking for cancellation can then trigger a cancellation at any time
 * (even before the signal was given) and listen to possible CancellationErrors
 * to know when it was cancelled.
 * ```js
 * const canceller = new TaskCanceller("my async task");
 *
 * runAsyncTask(canceller.signal)
 *   .then(() => { console.log("Task succeeded!"); )
 *   .catch((err) => {
 *      if (TaskCanceller.isCancellationError(err)) {
 *        console.log("Task cancelled!");
 *      } else {
 *        console.log("Task failed:", err);
 *      }
 *   });
 *
 * // Cancel the task (with a given reason), calling registered callbacks
 * canceller.cancel("I changed my mind");
 * ```
 * @class TaskCanceller
 */
export default class TaskCanceller {
  /**
   * `CancellationSignal` that can be given to an async task, so it can be
   * notified that it should be aborted when this `TaskCanceller` is triggered
   * (through its `cancel` method).
   */
  public readonly signal: CancellationSignal;
  /**
   * `true` if this `TaskCanceller` has already been triggered.
   * `false` otherwise.
   */
  private _isUsed: boolean;
  /**
   * @private
   * Internal function called when the `TaskCanceller` is triggered`.
   */
  private _trigger: (error: CancellationError) => void;

  /** Description for this task, if communicated. */
  private _taskName: string | undefined;

  /**
   * Creates a new `TaskCanceller`, with its own `CancellationSignal` created
   * as its `signal` property.
   * You can then pass this `signal` property to async task you wish to be
   * cancellable.
   * @param {string|undefined} taskName - Descriptive "name" for the task you
   * want to make cancellable. This is used for debugging purposes: this string
   * will be linked to the thrown `CancellationError` (and will be logged) if
   * the task is ever cancelled, making cancellation-related issues much easier
   * to trace.
   * By setting it to `undefined`, you indicate that this task does not need
   * those supplementary debug information and does not need to be logged.
   */
  constructor(taskName: string | undefined) {
    const [trigger, register] = createCancellationFunctions();
    this._isUsed = false;
    this._trigger = trigger;
    this._taskName = taskName;
    this.signal = new CancellationSignal(register);
  }

  /**
   * Returns `true` if this `TaskCanceller` has already been triggered.
   * `false` otherwise.
   */
  public isUsed(): boolean {
    return this._isUsed;
  }

  /**
   * Bind this `TaskCanceller` to a `CancellationSignal`, so the former
   * is automatically cancelled when the latter is triggered.
   *
   * Note that this call registers a callback on the given signal, until either
   * the current `TaskCanceller` is cancelled or until this given
   * `CancellationSignal` is triggered.
   * To avoid leaking memory, the returned callback allow to undo this link.
   * It should be called if/when that link is not needed anymore, such as when
   * there is no need for this `TaskCanceller` anymore.
   *
   * @param {Object} signal
   * @returns {Function}
   */
  public linkToSignal(signal: CancellationSignal): () => void {
    const unregister = signal.register((error) => {
      this.cancel(error.reason);
    });
    this.signal.register(unregister);
    return unregister;
  }

  /**
   * "Trigger" the `TaskCanceller`, notify through its associated
   * `CancellationSignal` (its `signal` property) that a task should be aborted.
   *
   * Once called the `TaskCanceller` is permanently triggered.
   * @param {string | undefined} reason - Human-readable reason that led to the
   * cancellation of this task. This is used for debugging matters: the reason
   * will be linked to the corresponding `CancellationError` instance.
   * `undefined` if you don't want to give a reason.
   */
  public cancel(reason: string | undefined): void {
    if (this._isUsed) {
      return;
    }
    this._isUsed = true;
    const cancellationError = new CancellationError(this._taskName, reason);
    this._trigger(cancellationError);
  }

  /**
   * Check that the `error` in argument is a `CancellationError`, most likely
   * meaning that the linked error is due to a task aborted via a
   * `CancellationSignal`.
   * @param {*} error
   * @returns {boolean}
   */
  static isCancellationError(error: unknown): boolean {
    return error instanceof CancellationError;
  }
}

/**
 * Signal allowing to be notified when the linked task needs to be aborted.
 * @class
 */
export class CancellationSignal {
  /**
   * Error associated to the cancellation, only set if the `CancellationSignal`
   * has been used (which means that the task has been cancelled).
   *
   * Can be used to notify to a caller that this task was aborted (for example
   * by rejecting it through the Promise associated to that task).
   *
   * Always set if `isCancelled` is equal to `true`.
   */
  public cancellationError: CancellationError | null;

  /**
   * @private
   * Functions called when the corresponding `TaskCanceller` is triggered.
   * Those should perform all logic allowing to cancel the current task(s)
   * which depend on this CancellationSignal.
   */
  private _listeners: Array<(error: CancellationError) => void>;

  /**
   * True when the cancellation order was already triggered, meaning that the
   * linked task needs to be aborted.
   */
  private _isCancelled: boolean;

  /**
   * Creates a new CancellationSignal.
   * /!\ Note: Only a `TaskCanceller` is supposed to be able to create one.
   * @param {Function} registerToSource - Function called when the task is
   * cancelled.
   */
  constructor(registerToSource: (listener: ICancellationListener) => void) {
    this._isCancelled = false;
    this.cancellationError = null;
    this._listeners = [];

    registerToSource((cancellationError: CancellationError): void => {
      this.cancellationError = cancellationError;
      this._isCancelled = true;
      while (this._listeners.length > 0) {
        try {
          const listener = this._listeners.pop();
          listener?.(cancellationError);
        } catch (err) {
          log.error(
            "utils",
            "Error while calling clean up listener",
            err instanceof Error ? err : "Unknown Error",
          );
        }
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Returns `true` when the cancellation order was already triggered, meaning
   * that the linked task needs to be aborted.
   * @returns boolean
   */
  public isCancelled(): boolean {
    return this._isCancelled;
  }

  /**
   * Registers a function that will be called when/if the current task is
   * cancelled.
   *
   * Multiple calls to `register` can be performed to register multiple
   * callbacks on cancellation associated to the same `CancellationSignal`.
   *
   * @param {Function} fn - This function should perform all logic allowing to
   * abort everything the task is doing.
   *
   * It takes in argument the `CancellationError` which was created when the
   * task was aborted.
   * You can use this error to notify callers that the task has been aborted,
   * for example through a rejected Promise.
   *
   * @return {Function} - Removes that cancellation listener. You can call this
   * once you don't want the callback to be triggered anymore (e.g. after the
   * task succeeded or failed).
   * You don't need to call that function when cancellation has already been
   * performed.
   */
  public register(fn: ICancellationListener): () => void {
    if (this._isCancelled) {
      assert(this.cancellationError !== null);
      fn(this.cancellationError);
      return noop;
    }
    this._listeners.push(fn);
    return () => this.deregister(fn);
  }

  /**
   * De-register a function registered through the `register` function.
   * Do nothing if that function wasn't registered.
   *
   * You can call this method when using the return value of `register` is not
   * practical.
   * @param {Function} fn
   */
  public deregister(fn: ICancellationListener): void {
    for (let i = this._listeners.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if (this._listeners[i] === fn) {
        this._listeners.splice(i, 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Helper type allowing a `CancellationSignal` to register to a cancellation asked
 * by a `TaskCanceller`.
 */
export type ICancellationListener = (error: CancellationError) => void;

/**
 * Error created when a task is cancelled.
 * @class CancellationError
 * @extends Error
 */
export class CancellationError extends Error {
  public readonly name: "CancellationError";

  /**
   * Human-readable reason for the cancellation.
   * `undefined` if no reason was given.
   */
  public readonly reason: string | undefined;

  /**
   * Create a `CancellationError`
   * @param {string|undefined} taskName - Descriptive "name" for the task you
   * just cancelled. This is used for debugging purposes: this string
   *  will both be logged and be inserted in this `CancellationError`'s
   *  `message` property.
   * By setting it to `undefined`, you indicate that this task does not need
   * those supplementary debug information and does not need to be logged.
   * @param {string|undefined} reason - Human-readable reason for the
   * cancellation.
   */
  constructor(taskName: string | undefined, reason: string | undefined) {
    let message =
      taskName !== undefined
        ? `"${taskName}" task cancelled.`
        : "This task was cancelled.";
    if (reason !== undefined) {
      message += " Reason: " + reason;
    }
    super(message);

    // @see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41102060/typescript-extending-error-class
    Object.setPrototypeOf(this, CancellationError.prototype);

    this.name = "CancellationError";
    this.reason = reason;

    if (taskName !== undefined) {
      log.debug(
        "utils",
        `task cancellation: "${taskName}"` +
          (reason === undefined ? "" : ` - Reason: "${reason}"`),
      );
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Helper function allowing communication between a `TaskCanceller` and a
 * `CancellationSignal`.
 * @returns {Array.<Function>}
 */
function createCancellationFunctions(): [
  (error: CancellationError) => void,
  (newListener: ICancellationListener) => void,
] {
  let listener: (error: CancellationError) => void = noop;
  return [
    function trigger(error: CancellationError) {
      listener(error);
    },
    function register(newListener: ICancellationListener) {
      listener = newListener;
    },
  ];
}