---
title: Data Mutation | Realtime Database
description: Hooks for integrating with Realtime Database.
---

# Data Mutation

This page information on how you can mutate data on the Realtime Database, such as
updating, deleting and or running transactions.

All hooks are built upon the [`useMutation`](https://react-query.tanstack.com/reference/useMutation)
hook, making it super simple to handle loading states, success and errors.

## Setting data

To set data in the database, use the `useDatabaseSetMutation` hook.

```jsx
import { useDatabaseSetMutation } from "@react-query-firebase/database";
import { ref } from "firebase/database";
import { database } from "./firebase";

function UpdateUser({ id }) {
  const dbRef = ref(database, `users/${id}`);
  const mutation = useDatabaseSetMutation(dbRef);

  return (
    <>
      <button
        disabled={mutation.isLoading}
        onClick={() => {
          mutation.mutate({
            name: "John Doe",
          });
        }}
      >
        Update User
      </button>
      {mutation.isError && <p>{mutation.error.message}</p>}
    </>
  );
}
```

To set data with priority, provide the `priority` option to the hook:

```js
const mutation = useDatabaseSetMutation(dbRef, {
  priority: "high",
});
```

This will set data on the entire node, overriding anything which existed before. If you want to only set
a sub-value on a node, provide a tighter reference instead:

```js
const dbRef = ref(database, `user/123/name`);
const mutation = useDatabaseSetMutation(dbRef);

mutation.mutate("John Doe");
```

## Updating nodes

To update data in the database, use the `useDatabaseUpdateMutation` hook.

Instead of taking the raw values of the node, you instead provide the child path to a node as the object key
with the value to update.

```jsx
import { useDatabaseUpdateMutation } from "@react-query-firebase/database";
import { ref } from "firebase/database";
import { database } from "./firebase";

function UpdateUser({ id }) {
  const dbRef = ref(database, `users/${id}`);
  const mutation = useDatabaseUpdateMutation(dbRef);

  return (
    <>
      <button
        disabled={mutation.isLoading}
        onClick={() => {
          mutation.mutate({
            name: "John Doe",
            "address/line1": "Mountain View",
          });
        }}
      >
        Update User
      </button>
      {mutation.isError && <p>{mutation.error.message}</p>}
    </>
  );
}
```

In this example, the mutation will update the `users/:id/name` and `users/:id/address/line1` nodes
at the same time.

## Removing nodes

To remove data in the database, use the `useDatabaseRemoveMutation` hook.

```jsx
import { useDatabaseUpdateMutation } from "@react-query-firebase/database";
import { ref } from "firebase/database";
import { database } from "./firebase";

function UpdateUser({ id }) {
  const dbRef = ref(database, `users/${id}/address`);
  const mutation = useDatabaseRemoveMutation(dbRef);

  return (
    <>
      <button
        disabled={mutation.isLoading}
        onClick={() => {
          mutation.mutate();
        }}
      >
        Remove User Address
      </button>
      {mutation.isError && <p>{mutation.error.message}</p>}
    </>
  );
}
```

In this example, the `users/:id/address` node will be removed. Any subscribers of this data will return `null`
as the value once complete.

## Running transactions

To perform a database transaction, use the `useDatabaseTransaction` hook. You can learn more
by viewing the [Firebase Transaction documentation](https://firebase.google.com/docs/database/web/read-and-write#save_data_as_transactions).

```jsx
import { useDatabaseTransaction } from "@react-query-firebase/database";
import { ref } from "firebase/database";
import { database } from "./firebase";

function LikePost({ id }) {
  const dbRef = ref(db, "post/123");
  const mutation = useDatabaseTransaction(dbRef, (post) => {
    if (post) {
      post.likes++;
    }

    return post;
  });

  return (
    <>
      <button
        disabled={mutation.isLoading}
        onClick={() => {
          mutation.mutate();
        }}
      >
        Like Post!
      </button>
      {mutation.isError && <p>{mutation.error.message}</p>}
    </>
  );
}
```

If you wish to get the result of the transaction (a [`TransactionResult`](https://firebase.google.com/docs/reference/js/database.transactionresult)),
either await the mutation or wait for it to be successful:

```js
const dbRef = ref(db, "post/123");

const mutation = useDatabaseTransaction(dbRef, (post) => {
  if (post) {
    post.likes++;
  }

  return post;
});

// Option 1: Await the mutation
const transactionResult = await mutation.mutateAsync();

// Option 2: Wait for success
if (mutation.isSuccess) {
  const transactionResult = mutation.data;
  console.log(transactionResult.committed);
  console.log(transactionResult.snapshot);
}
```