{
    "term": "campaign",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "b1",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim",
            "sensetop": "campaign for somethingcampaign against somethingcampaign to do something",
            "labels": "(especially North American English)(especially British English)(North American English)(British English)(especially British English)(North American English)(British English)(especially North American English)",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "an anti-smoking campaign"
                },
                {
                    "text": "**an advertising/a marketing campaign**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "an **election campaign**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the recent **presidential campaign**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the campaign for parliamentary reform",
                    "contextForm": "campaign for something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a campaign against ageism in the workplace",
                    "contextForm": "campaign against something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Today police **launched a campaign** to reduce road accidents.",
                    "contextForm": "campaign to do something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "They **began a** grass-roots **campaign** to encourage people to shop locally."
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **mount/start a campaign**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **run/lead/spearhead a campaign**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Both sides have been accused of **waging a **dirty **campaign**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the governor's **campaign manager**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The candidates are **on the campaign trail** *(= travelling around to attract support)*."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She led the campaign for parliamentary reform."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the campaign for racial equality"
                },
                {
                    "text": "A campaign of intimidation was waged against people trying to vote."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Local people started a petition and letter-writing campaign to keep the hospital open."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She has fought a one-woman campaign for ten years about the lack of childcare provision in the town."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She led a successful campaign against the closure of the library."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The campaign failed to achieve its objectives."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The anti-fur organization financed an ad campaign featuring celebrities."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The campaign aims to inform the public of the dangers of this disease."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a carefully orchestrated campaign against striking workers"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The campaign featured athletes talking about healthy lifestyles."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a concerted campaign aimed at educating young people about the dangers of drugs"
                },
                {
                    "text": "After sliding in the opinion polls, the party had to rethink its plan of campaign."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company launched a huge advertising campaign."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We designed an internet marketing campaign."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The general election campaign gets underway today."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A news conference was held at the party's campaign headquarters."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Education has become an important campaign issue."
                },
                {
                    "text": "People have criticized the way in which she conducted her election campaign."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The President kept his campaign promises."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a health awareness campaign to promote a healthy lifestyle"
                },
                {
                    "text": "election candidates on the campaign trail"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The terrorists responded with a bombing campaign directed at business and commerce."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Business", "Politics"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["big", "huge", "major"],
                "verb + campaign": ["begin", "initiate", "launch"],
                "campaign + verb": ["begin", "get underway", "start"],
                "campaign + noun": ["aide", "manager", "staffer"],
                "preposition": [
                    "during a/​the campaign",
                    "campaign against",
                    "campaign by"
                ],
                "phrases": [
                    "a campaign of disobedience, misinformation, vilification, etc.",
                    "a plan of campaign"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "a series of attacks and battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "the North African campaign"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a bombing campaign"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Air battles had dominated the campaign."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The government has intensified the military campaign against the rebels."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The Russian campaign ended with the German defeat at Stalingrad."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["War and conflict"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["big", "huge", "major"],
                "verb + campaign": ["begin", "initiate", "launch"],
                "campaign + verb": ["begin", "get underway", "start"],
                "campaign + noun": ["aide", "manager", "staffer"],
                "preposition": [
                    "during a/​the campaign",
                    "campaign against",
                    "campaign by"
                ],
                "phrases": [
                    "a campaign of disobedience, misinformation, vilification, etc.",
                    "a plan of campaign"
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/kæmˈpeɪn/",
                "audio": "ca/campaign/campaign__gb_2.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/kæmˈpeɪn/",
                "audio": "ca/campaign/campaign__us_2.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "early 17th cent. (denoting a large area of open country): from French campagne ‘open country’, via Italian from late Latin campania, from campus ‘level ground’, specifically applied to the Campus Martius in Rome, used for games, athletic practice, and military drill. The change in sense arose from an army's practice of “taking the field” (i.e. moving from a fortress or town to open country) at the onset of summer."
}