{
    "term": "contribution",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "academic": true,
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "b2",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "a gift or payment that is made to a person or an organization in order to help pay for something",
            "sensetop": "contribution to somethingcontribution towards somethingcontribution towards doing somethingcontribution from/by somebody/something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "All contributions will be gratefully received."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We rely entirely on **voluntary contributions**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "**campaign contributions**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **make a** substantial **contribution** to charity",
                    "contextForm": "contribution to something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "**valuable contributions** towards the upkeep of the cathedral",
                    "contextForm": "contribution towards something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She argued that a greater contribution towards reducing Britain's record debts should be asked of the better off.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution towards doing something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Financial contributions from individuals paid for office and printing expenses.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution from/by somebody/something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I'd like to make a small contribution to the cost of the holiday."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We were asked to make a contribution towards the cost of the meal."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Contributions of cakes and other items for the cake sale can be left in the school office."
                }
            ],
            "synonyms": "donation",
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["generous", "large", "small"],
                "verb + contribution": ["make", "offer", "pay"],
                "preposition": ["contribution to", "contribution towards/​toward"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "a sum of money that you pay regularly to your employer or the government in order to pay for benefits such as health insurance, a pension, etc.",
            "sensetop": "contribution to somethingcontribution from/by somebody",
            "labels": "(British English)",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "**pension contributions**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "National Insurance contributions"
                },
                {
                    "text": "You can increase your monthly contributions to the pension plan.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution to something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Pension funds base retirement income on the level of contributions from employees and employers.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution from/by somebody"
                },
                {
                    "text": "employers' pension and health insurance contributions"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Residents made a net contribution to public finances of $2.6 billion."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["generous", "large", "small"],
                "verb + contribution": ["make", "offer", "pay"],
                "preposition": ["contribution to", "contribution towards/​toward"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "an action or a service that helps to cause or increase something, usually (but not necessarily) something good or valuable",
            "sensetop": "contribution to somethingcontribution towards somethingcontribution towards doing somethingcontribution of somebody/something (to something)",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He **made a** very positive **contribution** to the success of the project.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution to something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a **significant contribution** to scientific knowledge"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The star is being given the award for his ‘**outstanding contribution** to the entertainment field’."
                },
                {
                    "text": "This book represents a **major contribution** to our understanding of the Holocaust."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She feels the world has overlooked his crucial **contribution to the development** of rock and roll."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the car’s contribution to the greenhouse effect"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She was honoured posthumously for her contribution towards the war effort.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution towards something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "These measures would make a **valuable contribution** towards reducing industrial accidents.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution towards doing something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She says the US needs to do more to **recognize the contributions** of women and minorities to society.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution of somebody/something (to something)"
                },
                {
                    "text": "They studied the relative contribution of various risk factors for bowel cancer."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She made a major contribution to peace in the region."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was recognized for his unique contribution to the arts."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Researchers have argued over the relative contributions of nature and nurture to the human personality."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We like to think that we are making a positive contribution to society."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a valuable contribution to science"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She has made a significant contribution to scientific knowledge."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Change, cause and effect"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["important", "meaningful", "significant"],
                "verb + contribution": ["make", "acknowledge", "appreciate"],
                "preposition": ["contribution to"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "an item that forms part of a book, magazine, website broadcast, discussion, etc.",
            "sensetop": "contribution to somethingcontribution from/by somebody",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday."
                },
                {
                    "text": "an **important contribution** to the debate",
                    "contextForm": "contribution to something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Thank you for your contributions to the blog."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There are no contributions by scholars based in North America.",
                    "contextForm": "contribution from/by somebody"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The author acknowledges the contributions of scientist Charles Green."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Each of these writers has made an individual contribution to the discussion."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["important", "meaningful", "significant"],
                "verb + contribution": ["make", "acknowledge", "appreciate"],
                "preposition": ["contribution to"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "the act of giving something, especially money, to help a person or an organization",
            "sensetop": "contribution (to something)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The institute is totally funded by **voluntary contribution**."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/",
                "audio": "xc/contribution/xcontribution__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn/",
                "audio": "xc/contribution/xcontribution__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "late Middle English (denoting a tax or levy): from late Latin contributio(n-), from Latin contribuere ‘bring together, add’, from con- ‘with’ + tribuere ‘bestow’."
}