{
    "term": "culture",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "academic": true,
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "a1",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "**African/American/European/Islamic culture**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "working-class culture"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the study of Japanese **language and culture**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Cooking is a hugely important **part of** French **culture**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He is no longer in touch with youth culture."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The film examines the culture clash between the generations."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Jokes are an important part of our popular oral culture."
                },
                {
                    "text": "These ideas have always been central to Western culture."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a country containing many language and culture groups"
                },
                {
                    "text": "immigrants who embrace American culture"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The Romans gradually assimilated the culture of the people they had conquered."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Prisoners are isolated from the wider culture of society at large."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["ancient", "primitive", "dominant"],
                "verb + culture": ["assimilate", "embrace", "build"],
                "culture + verb": ["develop"],
                "culture + noun": ["group", "shock", "clash"],
                "preposition": ["in a/​the culture"],
                "phrases": [
                    "a clash of cultures",
                    "a culture of fear",
                    "a culture of secrecy"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "a country, group, etc. with its own beliefs, etc.",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The children are taught to respect **different cultures**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the effect of technology on traditional cultures"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Children need to learn to understand cultures other than their own."
                },
                {
                    "text": "In some cultures children have an important place."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["ancient", "primitive", "dominant"],
                "verb + culture": ["assimilate", "embrace", "build"],
                "culture + verb": ["develop"],
                "culture + noun": ["group", "shock", "clash"],
                "preposition": ["in a/​the culture"],
                "phrases": [
                    "a clash of cultures",
                    "a culture of fear",
                    "a culture of secrecy"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "art, music, literature, etc., thought of as a group",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Venice is a beautiful city, full of culture and history."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the Minister for Culture"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The paintings reflect African American culture."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She is a woman of wide culture."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["contemporary", "modern", "postmodern"],
                "phrases": ["a man of culture", "a woman of culture"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "the beliefs and attitudes about something that people in a particular group or organization share",
            "sensetop": "culture of something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "We are living in a **consumer culture**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The political cultures of the United States and Europe are very different."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You can't **change the culture** of an organization overnight."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She believes the media have **created a culture** of fear.",
                    "contextForm": "culture of something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company promotes a culture of innovation."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A culture of failure exists in some schools."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Newcomers to the company are soon assimilated into the culture."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The computer has changed the culture of the design profession."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The new director is trying to foster a culture of open communication within the company."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The social security system has been accused of producing a culture of dependency."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the development of the enterprise culture in Britain"
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["ancient", "primitive", "dominant"],
                "verb + culture": ["assimilate", "embrace", "build"],
                "culture + verb": ["develop"],
                "culture + noun": ["group", "shock", "clash"],
                "preposition": ["in a/​the culture"],
                "phrases": [
                    "a clash of cultures",
                    "a culture of fear",
                    "a culture of secrecy"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "the growing of plants or producing of particular animals in order to get a particular substance or crop from them",
            "labels": "(specialist)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "the culture of silkworms *(= for silk)*"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "a group of cells or bacteria, especially one taken from a person or an animal and grown for medical or scientific study, or to produce food; the process of obtaining and growing these cells",
            "labels": "(biology, medical)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "a culture of cells from the tumour"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Yogurt is made from active cultures."
                },
                {
                    "text": "to do/take a throat culture"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈkʌltʃə(r)/",
                "audio": "cu/culture/culture__gb_2.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈkʌltʃər/",
                "audio": "cu/culture/culture__us_2.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Middle English (denoting a cultivated piece of land): the noun from French culture or directly from Latin cultura ‘growing, cultivation’; the verb from obsolete French culturer or medieval Latin culturare, both based on Latin colere ‘tend, cultivate’ . In late Middle English the sense was ‘cultivation of the soil’ and from this (early 16th cent.), arose ‘cultivation (of the mind, faculties, or manners)’; sense (3) dates from the early 19th cent."
}