{
    "term": "duty",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "b1",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility",
            "sensetop": "duty to do somethingunder a duty to do somethingduty to somebody/somethingduty as somebodyduty of somethingduty of doing something",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "It is my duty to report it to the police.",
                    "contextForm": "duty to do something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Local councillors **have a duty to** serve the community."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You are under a legal duty to keep accurate records.",
                    "contextForm": "under a duty to do something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **do your duty** for your country"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He has failed in his duty to his client.",
                    "contextForm": "duty to somebody/something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "your duties as a parent",
                    "contextForm": "duty as somebody"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Medical staff have a legal duty of candour to report potentially dangerous mistakes caught in time.",
                    "contextForm": "duty of something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Local councils were charged with the duty of allocating land for building.",
                    "contextForm": "duty of doing something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a **statutory/fiduciary duty**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a civic/patriotic/moral duty"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I don't want you to visit me simply out of **a sense of duty**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I’ll have to go, I’m afraid—**duty calls** *(= there is a duty I need to go and do)*."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a **breach/dereliction of duty**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I'd be shirking my duty if I didn't warn him."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It's the duty of each and every one of us to do their best for the team."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It was ruled that the injured man was in breach of his duty by not wearing the safety equipment provided."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I feel it's my bounden duty to try and help her."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It was a duty imposed by her father."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It was a clear breach of professional duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The time he put in helping new recruits went beyond the call of duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I feel it is my civic duty to vote."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She felt she had fulfilled her duty by providing him with a son."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They had violated their legal duty of confidentiality."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He had failed in his duty to his daughter."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She took on the duty of maintaining the family home."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They have a duty to their parents to work hard."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She put down the phone and went out, her duty done."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He felt it was his moral duty to help his neighbour."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You feel that you have to do your duty by your children."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the general duty of the police to preserve the peace"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Personal qualities"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["contractual", "legal", "statutory"],
                "verb + duty": ["have", "owe", "carry out"],
                "duty + verb": ["call"],
                "preposition": ["under a/​the duty", "duty of", "duty to"],
                "phrases": [
                    "a breach of duty",
                    "do your duty by somebody",
                    "be duty bound to do something"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "the work that is your job",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "**Report for duty** at 8 a.m."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was the **duty manager** that day."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Colleagues became suspicious when he failed to report for duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was on kitchen duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Police usually do beat duty in pairs."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He's been suspended from active duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Sergeant Wilson had pulled parking-lot duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company is liable if you are injured during the execution of your duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The regular presenter does double duty as a staff writer."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The soldier was sent to his new duty station."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He has volunteered for temporary duty assignments in counterterrorist activities."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Her son was released from duty in the army to visit her in hospital."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the supermarket's senior duty manager"
                },
                {
                    "text": "veterans who saw combat duty in Vietnam"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Jobs"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["light", "onerous", "day"],
                "verb + duty": ["have", "pull", "see"],
                "duty + verb": ["fall to somebody"],
                "duty + noun": ["manager", "officer", "doctor"],
                "preposition": ["off duty", "on duty"],
                "phrases": [
                    "the execution of your duties",
                    "the performance of your duties"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "tasks that are part of your job",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I spend a lot of time on administrative duties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The princess has taken on her mother's **official duties**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **perform/fulfil/discharge your duties**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Your duties will include greeting visitors and answering the phone."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He leaves hospital tomorrow and is expected to resume his duties at the beginning of next month."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You will be allowed to return to your duties after the inquiry."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The cleaning duties now fell to Rachel."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was accused of neglecting his professional duties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "My household duties were not particularly onerous."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I share the cooking duties with Bell."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was unable to perform his assigned duties because of ill health."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The troops are here to perform peacekeeping duties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "When I returned to work after my illness I was put on light duties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company prefers to handle translation duties in-house."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The members of staff each have their own duties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "When he failed to turn up for training, he was relieved of his duties as captain."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Mr Davies had been relieved of his duties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The suspect was charged with obstructing an officer in the course of his duties."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Jobs"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["light", "onerous", "day"],
                "verb + duty": ["have", "pull", "see"],
                "duty + verb": ["fall to somebody"],
                "duty + noun": ["manager", "officer", "doctor"],
                "preposition": ["off duty", "on duty"],
                "phrases": [
                    "the execution of your duties",
                    "the performance of your duties"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country",
            "sensetop": "duty on something",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "**customs/excise/import duties**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "duty on wine and beer",
                    "contextForm": "duty on something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The US **imposed a duty** on imports."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They are going to put duty on foreign cars."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Beer for personal use is exempt from duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "By changing its supplier, the company saved thousands of pounds in import duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Cider carries duty at the lower rate."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There will also be stamp duty payable at the applicable rate."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They claim that the wine is for personal use and so evade the duty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Tobacco duty is a major source of revenue for the government."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We tried to estimate the amount of duty we would have to pay."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You have to pay duty on all electrical goods."
                },
                {
                    "text": "excise duty on spirits"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the heavy duty on cigarettes"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company has to pay customs duties on all imports."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Money"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["heavy", "high", "low"],
                "… of duty": ["amount"],
                "verb + duty": ["impose", "slap on somebody/​something", "increase"],
                "duty + verb": ["be payable"],
                "preposition": ["in duty", "duty on"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to a higher standard or level than is required for a job or task",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She went above and beyond the call of duty in her efforts to save his life."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "something that you feel you must do; a responsibility which cannot be ignored",
            "labels": "(old-fashioned, formal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He felt it was his bounden duty to tell the police what he knew."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We have a bounden duty to respond to this call for help."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Permission and obligation"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to perform two roles or functions at the same time",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "This device can pull double duty as a decent laptop and an adequate tablet."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She deserves credit for serving double duty as a host and performer."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "while doing a job",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "A police officer was injured in the line of duty yesterday."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "working/not working at a particular time",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Who's on duty today?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "What time do you go off duty?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "You're not allowed to make personal phone calls on duty."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Working life"]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈdjuːti/",
                "audio": "du/duty/duty__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈduːti/",
                "audio": "du/duty/duty__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French duete, from Old French deu ‘owed’, based on Latin debitus ‘owed’, from debere ‘owe’ ."
}