{
    "term": "penalty",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "ox5000": true,
    "cefr": "b2",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "a punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract",
            "sensetop": "penalty for (doing) somethingwithout penaltyon penalty of something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to impose a penalty"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Assault **carries a** maximum **penalty** of seven years' imprisonment."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The penalty for travelling without a ticket is £200.",
                    "contextForm": "penalty for (doing) something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Contractors who fall behind schedule incur heavy financial penalties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Harsher penalties are being imposed for crimes involving firearms."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a **penalty clause** in a contract"
                },
                {
                    "text": "You can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty.",
                    "contextForm": "without penalty"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The Romans prohibited the teaching of the Torah on penalty of death.",
                    "contextForm": "on penalty of something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He threatened stiffer penalties on young offenders."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was seeking financial penalties against the company."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Some lenders charge heavy penalties for early settlement."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The legislation sanctions harsh mandatory penalties for weapons possession."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The penalty handed down was disproportionate to the crime committed."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There are redemption penalties if you pay off the mortgage early."
                },
                {
                    "text": "These crimes carried with them the ultimate penalty of execution."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They made him promise, under penalty of death."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You must accept the penalty for your rash actions."
                },
                {
                    "text": "crimes which carry severe penalties"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the heavy financial penalties of paying off the loan early"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the penalty for murder"
                },
                {
                    "text": "They deserve to face severe penalties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The application should be signed under penalty of perjury."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Crime and punishment", "Money"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["harsh", "heavy", "hefty"],
                "verb + penalty": ["impose", "introduce", "levy"],
                "penalty + noun": ["fee", "notice", "ticket"],
                "preposition": ["on penalty of", "under penalty of", "penalty for"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "a disadvantage suffered as a result of something",
            "sensetop": "penalty (of something)",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "One of the penalties of fame is loss of privacy."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It's just one of the penalties of fame."
                },
                {
                    "text": "People who lose their jobs are suffering the penalties for longer periods."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "verb + penalty": ["pay", "suffer", "accept"],
                "preposition": ["penalty for", "penalty of"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "a disadvantage given to a player or a team when they break a rule",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He incurred a ten-second penalty in the first round."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "a chance to score a goal or point without any defending players, except the goalkeeper, trying to stop it; the goal or point that is given if it is successful. This chance is given because the other team has broken the rules.",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Two minutes later Ford equalized with a penalty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We **were awarded a penalty** after a late tackle."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I volunteered to **take the penalty** *(= be the person who tries to score the goal/point)*."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He **missed a penalty** in the last minute of the game."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They won, thanks to a late penalty from Fry."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We were unlucky not to get a penalty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They were leading until Rice gave away a penalty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Ricketts netted his third penalty of the season to put his team ahead."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Kane scored from a first-half penalty."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Sports: ball and racket sports"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["controversial", "disputed", "dodgy"],
                "verb + penalty": ["award (somebody)", "give (somebody)", "concede"],
                "penalty + noun": ["area", "box", "corner"],
                "preposition": ["penalty by", "penalty from"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to suffer because of bad luck, a mistake or something you have done",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He looked terrible this morning. I think he's paying the penalty for all those late nights."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They're now paying the price for past mistakes."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She thinks that any inconvenience is **a price worth paying** for living in such a beautiful place."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He's now paying the penalty for his misspent youth."
                },
                {
                    "text": "If Mac had killed Caroline, then he was going to make him pay the price."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpenəlti/",
                "audio": "pe/penalty/penalty__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpenəlti/",
                "audio": "pe/penalty/penalty__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "early 16th cent.: probably via Anglo-Norman French, from medieval Latin poenalitas, based on poena ‘pain’."
}