{
    "term": "punch",
    "partOfSpeech": "verb",
    "ox5000": true,
    "cefr": "c1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "punch",
            "heSheIt": "punches"
        },
        "pastSimple": "punched",
        "pastParticiple": "punched",
        "ingForm": "punching"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "to hit somebody/something hard with your fist (= closed hand)",
            "sensetop": "punch somebody/somethingpunch somebody/something in/on something",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He was kicked and punched as he lay on the ground.",
                    "contextForm": "punch somebody/something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was **punching the air** in triumph."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She punched him on the nose.",
                    "contextForm": "punch somebody/something in/on something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I punched the pillow in frustration."
                },
                {
                    "text": "His attacker had punched him hard in the face."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She playfully punched him on the arm."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He punched the other boy in the stomach."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["hard", "lightly", "playfully"],
                "preposition": ["in", "on"],
                "phrases": ["kick and punch", "punch and kick"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "to make a hole in something with a punch or some other sharp object",
            "sensetop": "punch somethingpunch something in/through something",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to punch a time card",
                    "contextForm": "punch something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The machine punches a row of holes in the metal sheet.",
                    "contextForm": "punch something in/through something"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to press buttons or keys on a computer, phone, etc. in order to operate it",
            "sensetop": "punch something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I punched the button to summon the elevator."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to be or try to be more successful than others in doing something that normally requires more skill, experience, money, etc. than you have",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "This player seems to be able to constantly punch above her weight."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He punched above his weight as the party’s foreign affairs spokesman."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Success"]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/pʌntʃ/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punch__gb_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌntʃɪz/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punches__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/pʌntʃt/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punched__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌntʃɪŋ/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punching__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/pʌntʃ/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punch__us_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌntʃɪz/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punches__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/pʌntʃt/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punched__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌntʃɪŋ/",
                "audio": "pu/punch/punching__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "verb sense 1 and verb sense 3 late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘puncture, prod’): variant of pounce. verb sense 2 early 16th cent.: perhaps an abbreviation of puncheon, or from the verb punch ‘hit somebody/​something hard’."
}