{
    "term": "punish",
    "partOfSpeech": "verb",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "b1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "punish",
            "heSheIt": "punishes"
        },
        "pastSimple": "punished",
        "pastParticiple": "punished",
        "ingForm": "punishing"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "to make somebody suffer because they have broken the law or done something wrong",
            "sensetop": "punish somebodypunish somebody by doing somethingpunish somebody for somethingpunish somebody for doing something",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished.",
                    "contextForm": "punish somebody"
                },
                {
                    "text": "My parents used to punish me by not letting me watch TV.",
                    "contextForm": "punish somebody by doing something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "to punish a criminal/an offender/a perpetrator"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She will be punished for her crimes.",
                    "contextForm": "punish somebody for something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was punished for refusing to answer their questions.",
                    "contextForm": "punish somebody for doing something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Damages are not designed to punish, but to compensate for the loss sustained."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Those found guilty will be punished accordingly."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was trying to punish her for deserting him all those years ago."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Never punish children by making them go hungry."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Offenders will be punished with a £1 000 fine."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Those who had opposed the court were duly punished."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Crime and punishment"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["harshly", "severely", "justly"],
                "verb + punish": ["want to", "try to", "be designed to"],
                "preposition": ["by", "for", "with"],
                "phrases": ["be punished accordingly"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "to set the punishment for a particular crime",
            "sensetop": "punish something (by/with something)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "In those days murder was always punished with the death penalty."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I would not hesitate to condemn and punish unacceptable behaviour."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The state is no longer effective in punishing crime."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to blame yourself for something that has happened",
            "sensetop": "punish yourself (for something)",
            "examples": []
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃ/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punish__gb_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃɪz/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punishes__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃt/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punished__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punishing__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃ/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punish__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃɪz/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punishes__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃt/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punished__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ/",
                "audio": "pu/punish/punishing__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Middle English: from Old French puniss-, lengthened stem of punir ‘punish’, from Latin punire, from poena ‘penalty’."
}