{
    "term": "roll",
    "partOfSpeech": "verb",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "b1",
    "image": "data/images/fo/food_preparation.png",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "roll",
            "heSheIt": "rolls"
        },
        "pastSimple": "rolled",
        "pastParticiple": "rolled",
        "ingForm": "rolling"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "to turn over and over and move in a particular direction; to make a round object do this",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.roll something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The ball rolled down the hill.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Tears rolled down her cheeks."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We watched the waves rolling onto the beach."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The marble rolled behind the sofa."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Delivery men were rolling barrels across the yard.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He rolled the boulder aside."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slowly", "quickly", "gently"],
                "preposition": ["down", "off"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "to turn over and over or round and round while remaining in the same place; to make something do this",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.roll somethingroll something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Her eyes rolled."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a dog rolling in the mud",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She **rolled her eyes** *(= to show surprise or disapproval)*.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was rolling a pencil between his fingers.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something + adv./prep."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to turn over to face a different direction; to make somebody/something do this",
            "sensetop": "roll overroll over onto somethingroll onto somethingroll somebody/something overroll somebody/something over onto somethingroll somebody/something onto somethingroll something",
            "labels": "(especially North American English)",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She rolled over to let the sun brown her back.",
                    "contextForm": "roll over"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He quickly rolled over and got to his feet."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I rolled over onto my stomach.",
                    "contextForm": "roll over onto something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He rolled onto his back.",
                    "contextForm": "roll onto something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The paramedics rolled him over to make it easier for him to breathe.",
                    "contextForm": "roll somebody/something over"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I rolled the baby over onto its stomach.",
                    "contextForm": "roll somebody/something over onto something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She rolled the patient onto his side.",
                    "contextForm": "roll somebody/something onto something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She rolled her car in a 100 mph crash.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something"
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slowly", "quickly", "gently"],
                "preposition": ["down", "off"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "to throw dice in a game",
            "sensetop": "roll something",
            "labels": "(especially North American English)",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Each player rolls their dice."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Players take turns rolling a die and moving around the board."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Roll a six to start."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "to move smoothly on wheels or as if on wheels; to make something do this",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.roll something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The car began to roll back down the hill.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The traffic rolled slowly forwards."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Tanks rolled triumphantly into the city."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He rolled the trolley across the room.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something + adv./prep."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slowly", "quickly", "gently"],
                "preposition": ["down", "off"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "to move or flow forward in a steady way",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Mist was rolling in from the sea."
                },
                {
                    "text": "In the afternoon, dark clouds rolled in."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The fog was rolling off the moors."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the sound of waves rolling in to the shore"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 7,
            "definition": "to make something/yourself into the shape of a ball or tube",
            "sensetop": "roll something into somethingroll something up",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I rolled the string into a ball.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something into something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Roll the mixture into small balls and place them on a baking tray."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We rolled up the carpet.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something up"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a rolled-up newspaper"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The hedgehog **rolled (up) into a ball**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Armadillos roll into a ball to protect themselves from harm."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He rolled the paper into a tight ball."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She carried the magazine tightly rolled up in her hand."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["tightly", "up"],
                "preposition": ["into"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 8,
            "definition": "to make a cigarette yourself by putting tobacco on special paper and forming it into a tube",
            "sensetop": "roll something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He leaned on the table and rolled a cigarette."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I always **roll my own** *(= make my own cigarettes)*."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 9,
            "definition": "to fold the edge of a piece of clothing, etc. over and over on itself to make it shorter",
            "sensetop": "roll something uproll something downroll something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Roll up your sleeves.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something up"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Alice rolled down her sock to reveal a scar on her ankle.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something down"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She rolled her jeans to her knees.",
                    "contextForm": "roll something + adv./prep."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 10,
            "definition": "to make something flat by pushing something heavy over it",
            "sensetop": "roll something (out)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Roll the pastry on a floured surface."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 11,
            "definition": "to wrap or cover somebody/something/yourself in something",
            "sensetop": "roll somebody/something/yourself in somethingroll somebody/something/yourself up in something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Roll the meat in the breadcrumbs.",
                    "contextForm": "roll somebody/something/yourself in something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He rolled himself up in the blanket.",
                    "contextForm": "roll somebody/something/yourself up in something"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 12,
            "definition": "to move or make something move from side to side",
            "sensetop": "roll (something) (+ adv./prep.)",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He walked with a rolling gait."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The ship was rolling heavily to and fro."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Transport by water"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["heavily", "slightly"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 13,
            "definition": "to make a long continuous sound",
            "sensetop": "roll something",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "rolling drums"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Thunder rolled."
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **roll your r’s** *(= by letting your tongue  with each ‘r’ sound)",
                    "contextForm": "roll something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "From the walls a trumpet sounded, a drum rolled and the gate swung open."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You have to roll your r's when speaking Spanish."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The sky had darkened and thunder rolled in the west."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Language"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 14,
            "definition": "when a machine rolls or somebody rolls it, it operates",
            "sensetop": "roll something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "They had to repeat the scene because the cameras weren't rolling."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Roll the cameras!",
                    "contextForm": "roll something"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 15,
            "definition": "to behave in a particular way",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She surprised her fans with a completely new look because **that's how she rolls**."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to have a lot of money",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to make something start happening; to make sure that something continues to happen",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "used to say that some people will be punished because of something that has happened",
            "labels": "(informal, usually humorous)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "used to suggest to a group of people that you should all start doing something or going somewhere",
            "labels": "(informal, especially North American English)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "ready to start",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The show is just about ready to roll."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "combined in one person or thing",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Banks are several businesses rolled into one."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "laughing a lot",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She soon had us rolling in the aisles."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "likely to be very shocked or angry",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "My father would roll over his grave if he knew."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "a person who moves from place to place, job to job, etc. does not have a lot of money, possessions or friends but is free from responsibilities",
            "labels": "(saying)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to be easy to say or pronounce",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "It's not a name that exactly rolls off the tongue, is it?"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "used to say that you want something to happen or arrive soon",
            "labels": "(British English, informal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Roll on Friday!"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to prepare to work or fight",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to adapt yourself to a difficult situation",
            "examples": []
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rəʊl/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/role__gb_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rəʊlz/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/rolls__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rəʊld/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/rolled__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈrəʊlɪŋ/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/rolling__gb_2.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rəʊl/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/roll__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rəʊlz/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/rolls__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rəʊld/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/rolled__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈrəʊlɪŋ/",
                "audio": "ro/roll/rolling__us_2.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": null
}