{
    "term": "run",
    "partOfSpeech": "verb",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "a1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "run",
            "heSheIt": "runs"
        },
        "pastSimple": "ran",
        "pastParticiple": "run",
        "ingForm": "running"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "to move using your legs, going faster than when you walk",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Can you run as fast as Mike?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "They turned and ran when they saw us coming."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She **came running** to meet us."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I had to run to catch the bus."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The dogs ran off as soon as we appeared.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He ran home in tears to his mother."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The children spent the morning running around in the park."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She can run really fast."
                },
                {
                    "text": "John can run very fast."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He ran out of the house."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She ran quickly downstairs."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She turned and ran blindly down the street."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Alan was running for a bus when he slipped on some ice."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Billy turned the corner and ran headlong into Mrs Bradley."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They've seen us! Run for your life!"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The boy went running off to get the ball."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Health and Fitness"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["fast", "quickly", "blindly"],
                "verb + run": ["begin to", "start to", "get up and"],
                "preposition": ["down", "into", "out of"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "to travel a particular distance by running",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Who was the first person to run a mile in under four minutes?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I ran four miles today."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to run as a sport",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She used to run when she was at college."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I often go running before work."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Try to run round the block a few times every morning."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "to take part in a race",
            "sensetop": "run in somethingrun something",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He will be running in the 100 metres tonight.",
                    "contextForm": "run in something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "There are only five horses running in the first race."
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **run a marathon**",
                    "contextForm": "run something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Farah **ran a** fine **race** to take the gold medal."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "to make a race take place",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The Derby will be run in spite of the bad weather."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "to hurry from one place to another",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I've spent the whole day running around after the kids."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 7,
            "definition": "to be in charge of a business, campaign, etc.",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to run a hotel/store/language school"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He has no idea how to **run a business**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Stop trying to **run my life** *(= organize it)* for me."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The shareholders want more say in how the **company is run**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a badly run company"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Both candidates have **run a** good **campaign**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "state-run industries"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The school is jointly run with the local parish."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He tried to run the restaurant himself, but soon got into financial difficulties."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It is a small, privately run hotel."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The office had never been so well run."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Who is running the event?"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Business"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["efficiently", "properly", "well"],
                "verb + run": ["try to", "manage to", "help (to)"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 8,
            "definition": "to make a service, course of study, etc. available to people",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The college **runs **summer **courses** for foreign students."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The programme will be jointly run with NASA in the US."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The college runs several English classes for adults."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They ran a series of lectures on the subject."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Volunteer counsellors run a 24-hour helpline."
                }
            ],
            "synonyms": "organize"
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 9,
            "definition": "to travel on a particular route",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Buses to Oxford run every half hour."
                },
                {
                    "text": "All the trains **are running late** *(= are leaving later than planned)*.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Trains between London and Brighton run throughout the day."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Local buses run regularly to and from the school."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He claimed that 95 per cent of trains run on time."
                },
                {
                    "text": "When does the London Underground stop running at night?"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Transport by bus and train"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["regularly", "late"],
                "preposition": ["between", "from", "to"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 10,
            "definition": "to make buses, trains, etc. travel on a particular route",
            "sensetop": "run something + adv./prep.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "They run extra trains during the rush hour.",
                    "contextForm": "run something + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The transport company is concerned about the cost of running more buses."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 11,
            "definition": "to operate or function; to make something do this",
            "sensetop": "run on somethingrun something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Stan had the chainsaw running."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Our van runs on *(= uses)* diesel.",
                    "contextForm": "run on something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Could you run the engine for a moment?",
                    "contextForm": "run something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The engine was running very smoothly."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Our car only runs on unleaded petrol."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Computers", "Engineering"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["efficiently", "smoothly", "continuously"],
                "preposition": ["on"],
                "phrases": ["be up and running"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 12,
            "definition": "when a computer program or system runs or somebody runs it, it operates",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "You may find that some apps are running slowly."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There are too many programs running on your computer."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You need to have antivirus software running on your PC."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The app runs on all Android devices."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You can **run the program** overnight.",
                    "contextForm": "run something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "My PC runs Windows 10."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Don't forget to run a final spellcheck."
                },
                {
                    "text": "What **applications** were you **running** when the problem occurred?"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Computers"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 13,
            "definition": "if a recording on a tape runs or somebody runs it, it plays",
            "sensetop": "run somethingrun something + adv./prep.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He didn't know the tape was still running."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Run the tape, please.",
                    "contextForm": "run something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Can you run the tape back a few minutes?",
                    "contextForm": "run something + adv./prep."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 14,
            "definition": "to own and use a vehicle or machine",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "labels": "(British English)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I can't afford to run a car on my salary."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 15,
            "definition": "to drive somebody to a place in a car",
            "sensetop": "run somebody + adv./prep.",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Shall I run you home?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Would you mind running me to the shops?"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Transport by car or lorry"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 16,
            "definition": "to move, especially quickly, in a particular direction",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The car ran off the road into a ditch."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A shiver ran down my spine."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The sledge ran smoothly over the frozen snow."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The old tramlines are still there but now no trams run on them."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 17,
            "definition": "to move something in a particular direction",
            "sensetop": "run something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She ran her fingers nervously through her hair."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I **ran my eyes over** the page."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 18,
            "definition": "to lead or stretch from one place to another; to make something do this",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.run somethingrun something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He had a scar running down his left cheek.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The road runs parallel to the river."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The railway line runs right past the house."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The bookcase runs the length of the room.",
                    "contextForm": "run something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "We ran a cable from the lights to the stage.",
                    "contextForm": "run something + adv./prep."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 19,
            "definition": "to flow",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The tears ran down her cheeks."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Water was running all over the bathroom floor."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 20,
            "definition": "to make liquid flow",
            "sensetop": "run something (into something)run something for somebodyrun somebody something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She ran hot water into the bucket.",
                    "contextForm": "run something (into something)"
                },
                {
                    "text": "to **run the hot tap** *(= to turn it so that water flows from it)*"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I'll **run a bath** for you.",
                    "contextForm": "run something for somebody"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I'll **run you a bath**.",
                    "contextForm": "run somebody something"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 21,
            "definition": "to send out a liquid",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Who left the tap running?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Your nose is running *(=  is flowing from it)."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The smoke makes my eyes run."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 22,
            "definition": "to be covered with a liquid",
            "sensetop": "run with something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "His face was running with sweat."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The bathroom floor was running with water."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 23,
            "definition": "if the colour runs in a piece of clothing, etc. when it gets wet, the colour comes out of the material and spreads into other pieces of clothing, etc. in the same water",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The colour ran and made all my underwear pink."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Colours and Shapes"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 24,
            "definition": "to melt",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The wax began to run."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 25,
            "definition": "to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way",
            "sensetop": "+ adj.",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The river **ran dry** *(= stopped flowing)* during the drought."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Supplies are **running low**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We understand that feelings are **running high** on this issue"
                },
                {
                    "text": "We've **run short** of milk."
                },
                {
                    "text": "You've got your rivals **running scared**."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 26,
            "definition": "to be at or near a particular level",
            "sensetop": "run at something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Inflation was running at 26 per cent."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 27,
            "definition": "to continue for a particular period of time without stopping",
            "sensetop": "run for somethingrun from A to B",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Her last musical ran for six months on Broadway.",
                    "contextForm": "run for something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The course runs from June 25th to August 27th.",
                    "contextForm": "run from A to B"
                },
                {
                    "text": "This debate will **run and run**!"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 28,
            "definition": "to operate or be legally acceptable for a particular period of time",
            "sensetop": "run (for something)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The permit runs for three months."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The lease on my house only has a year left to run."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 29,
            "definition": "to happen or progress at the time or in the way mentioned",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Programmes are **running** a few minutes **behind schedule** this evening.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Everything is running according to plan."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Her life had always **run smoothly** before."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The murderer was given three life sentences, to run concurrently."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["smoothly", "concurrently", "consecutively"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 30,
            "definition": "to be a candidate in an election for a political position, especially in the US",
            "sensetop": "run for somebody/somethingrun in something",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Obama ran a second time in 2012."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Hilary Clinton **ran for president** in 2016.",
                    "contextForm": "run for somebody/something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He ran unsuccessfully for the Senate in New York."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She is planning to run in the parliamentary election.",
                    "contextForm": "run in something"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Politics"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["successfully", "unsuccessfully"],
                "preposition": ["for"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 31,
            "definition": "to bring or take something into a country illegally and secretly",
            "sensetop": "run something + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He used to run guns across the border.",
                    "contextForm": "run something + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She made money by running drugs."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Crime and punishment"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 32,
            "definition": "to have particular words, contents, etc.",
            "sensetop": "+ speech",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Their argument ran something like this…"
                },
                {
                    "text": "‘Ten shot dead by gunmen,’ ran the newspaper headline.",
                    "contextForm": "+ speech"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 33,
            "definition": "to print and publish an item or a story",
            "sensetop": "run something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "On advice from their lawyers they decided not to run the story."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 34,
            "definition": "to do a test, an experiment, etc.",
            "sensetop": "run a test, a check, an experiment, etc.run something on somethingrun something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The doctors decided to run some more tests on the blood samples.",
                    "contextForm": "run something on something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The two experiments are run in parallel.",
                    "contextForm": "run something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company is running clinical trials of the new drug."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 35,
            "definition": "if tights or stockings run, a long thin hole appears in them",
            "labels": "(North American English)",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to be pleased to do what somebody wants",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She knew she had only to call and he would come running."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to run in order to escape from somebody/something",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to treat somebody badly and not worry about their feelings",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "working fully and correctly",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "It will be a lot easier when we have the database up and running."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We soon had the sound system up and running."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rʌn/",
                "audio": "ru/run/run__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rʌnz/",
                "audio": "ru/run/runs__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ræn/",
                "audio": "ra/run/ran__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈrʌnɪŋ/",
                "audio": "ru/run/running__gb_3.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rʌn/",
                "audio": "ru/run/run__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/rʌnz/",
                "audio": "ru/run/runs__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ræn/",
                "audio": "ra/run/ran__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈrʌnɪŋ/",
                "audio": "ru/run/running__us_3.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Old English rinnan, irnan (verb), of Germanic origin, probably reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse rinna, renna. The current form with -u- in the present tense is first recorded in the 16th cent."
}