{
    "term": "should",
    "partOfSpeech": "modal verb",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "a1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "",
            "heSheIt": ""
        },
        "pastSimple": "",
        "pastParticiple": "",
        "ingForm": ""
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing somebody’s actions",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "You shouldn't drink and drive."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He should have been more careful."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A present for me? You **shouldn't have**! *(= used to thank somebody politely)*"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "used for giving or asking for advice",
            "labels": "(ironic)North American EnglishBritish English",
            "cefr": "a2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "You should stop worrying about it."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Should I call him and apologize?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "**I should** wait a little longer, **if I were you**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "‘She doesn't think she'll get a job.’ ‘She should worry, with all her qualifications *(= she does not need to worry)*.’"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Suggestions and advice"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "used to say that you expect something is true or will happen",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "We should arrive before dark."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I should have finished the book by Friday."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The roads should be less crowded today."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "used to say that something that was expected has not happened",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "It should be snowing now, according to the weather forecast."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The bus should have arrived ten minutes ago."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "used as the past form of shall when reporting what somebody has said",
            "labels": "(British English, formal)",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He asked me what time he should come. *(= His words were: ‘What time shall I come?’)*"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I said (that) I should be glad to help."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "used after that when something is suggested or arranged",
            "labels": "(British English)North American EnglishBritish English",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She recommended that I should take some time off."
                },
                {
                    "text": "In order that training should be effective it must be planned systematically."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Suggestions and advice"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 7,
            "definition": "used with I and we to give opinions that you are not certain about",
            "cefr": "b2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I should imagine it will take about three hours."
                },
                {
                    "text": "‘Is this enough food for everyone?’ ‘**I should think so**.’"
                },
                {
                    "text": "‘Will it matter?’ ‘**I shouldn't think so**.’"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Doubt, guessing and certainty", "Opinion and argument"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 8,
            "definition": "used for expressing strong agreement",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "‘I know it's expensive but it will last for years.’ ‘**I should hope so too!**’"
                },
                {
                    "text": "‘Nobody will oppose it.’ ‘**I should think not!**’"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Opinion and argument"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 9,
            "definition": "used to refuse something or to show that you are annoyed at a request; used to express surprise about an event or a situation",
            "sensetop": "why, how, who, what should somebody/something do",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Why should I help him? He's never done anything for me."
                },
                {
                    "text": "How should I know where you've left your bag?"
                },
                {
                    "text": "I got on the bus and who should be sitting in front of me but Tony!"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 10,
            "definition": "used to tell somebody that something would surprise them or make them laugh if they saw or experienced it",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "You should have seen her face when she found out!"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 11,
            "definition": "used after that after many adjectives that describe feelings",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I'm anxious that we should allow plenty of time."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 12,
            "definition": "used with I and we in polite requests",
            "labels": "(British English, formal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I should like to call my lawyer."
                },
                {
                    "text": "We should be grateful for your help."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 13,
            "definition": "used after I or we instead of would for describing what you would do if something else happened first",
            "labels": "(British English, formal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "If I were asked to work on Sundays, I should resign."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 14,
            "definition": "used to refer to a possible event or situation",
            "labels": "(formal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "If you should change your mind, do let me know."
                },
                {
                    "text": "In case you should need any help, here's my number."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Should anyone call *(= if anyone calls)*, please tell them I'm busy."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ʃəd//ʃʊd/",
                "audio": "sh/should/should__gb_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈʃʊdnt/",
                "audio": "sh/should/shouldn_t_1_gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ʃəd//ʃʊd/",
                "audio": "sh/should/should__us_4_rr.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈʃʊdnt/",
                "audio": "sh/should/shouldn_t_1_us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Old English sceolde: past of shall."
}