{
    "term": "stem",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "ox5000": true,
    "cefr": "c1",
    "image": "data/images/pl/plants.png",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "the main long, thin part of a plant above the ground from which the leaves or flowers grow; a smaller part that grows from this and supports flowers or leaves",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "long, trailing stems of ivy"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a tall plant with branching stems"
                },
                {
                    "text": "There are several leaves on each stem."
                },
                {
                    "text": "When the bush has finished flowering, cut back all the stems."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Plants and trees"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["long", "tall", "short"],
                "verb + stem": ["break", "cut", "cut back"],
                "stem + verb": ["break"],
                "preposition": ["on a/​the stem"],
                "phrases": ["the base of the stem"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "the long, thin part of a wine glass between the bowl and the base",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "the thin tube of a tobacco pipe",
            "examples": []
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "having one or more stems of the type mentioned",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "a long-stemmed rose"
                },
                {
                    "text": "slender-stemmed wine glasses"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "the main part of a word that stays the same when endings are added to it",
            "labels": "(grammar)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "‘Writ’ is the stem of the forms ‘writes’, ‘writing’ and ‘written’."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "all the way from the front of a ship to the back",
            "examples": []
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/stem/",
                "audio": "st/stem/stem__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/stem/",
                "audio": "st/stem/stem__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "noun Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. Sense (4) is related to Dutch steven, German Steven."
}