{
    "term": "study",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "a1",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the world",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "a room set aside for private study"
                },
                {
                    "text": "academic/literary/scientific study"
                },
                {
                    "text": "It is important to develop good **study skills**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Physiology is the study of how living things work."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Now that her children are all at school, she's going to take up full-time study again."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Students do a foundation year before specializing in their chosen field of study."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The course integrates academic study and practical training."
                },
                {
                    "text": "This grammar book is suitable both for classroom use and for independent study."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The scientific study of American dialects began in 1889."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company allows its staff to take paid study leave."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A study group meets every Sunday at the church."
                },
                {
                    "text": "This work is the result of decades of study and research."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Students have great opportunities through study abroad and internship programs."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["full-time", "part-time", "graduate"],
                "… of study": ["course", "programme/​program"],
                "verb + study": ["take up"],
                "study + noun": ["group", "programme/​program", "leave"],
                "preposition": ["study for"],
                "phrases": ["an area of study", "a field of study"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "a particular person’s learning activities, for example at a college or university",
            "labels": "(formal)",
            "cefr": "a1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to continue your studies"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Many undertake further studies after college."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She returned to her studies when her children reached school age."
                },
                {
                    "text": "When he has completed his studies, he'll travel around the world."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He needed more leisure to pursue his studies."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Education"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["further"],
                "verb + studies": ["begin", "undertake", "continue"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "used in the names of some academic subjects",
            "cefr": "a2",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "business/media/American studies"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He lectures in management studies."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She's doing women's studies at Liverpool University."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the university's cultural studies course"
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["area", "business", "cultural"],
                "verb + studies": ["do", "lecture in", "teach"],
                "studies + noun": ["department", "course", "programme/​program"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "a piece of research that examines a subject or question in detail",
            "sensetop": "study on somethingstudy of somethingin a studyaccording to a study",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "to **conduct/undertake a study**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Research studies carried out in Italy confirmed the theory."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He has recently **done a study** on the effects of traffic and aircraft noise.",
                    "contextForm": "study on something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a detailed study of how animals adapt to their environment",
                    "contextForm": "study of something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "scientific studies of fishing grounds and methods of fishing"
                },
                {
                    "text": "**This study shows/finds/suggests** that…"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the purpose/aim of a study"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the **results/findings of a study**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "the methods used in the **present study**",
                    "contextForm": "in a study"
                },
                {
                    "text": "in **previous/earlier studies**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "According to a **recent study** published in the Journal of Sleep Research…",
                    "contextForm": "according to a study"
                },
                {
                    "text": "A new study shows that fewer students are studying science."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A preliminary study suggested that the product would be popular."
                },
                {
                    "text": "An independent study was commissioned by the department."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He has made a special study of the way that birds communicate with one another."
                },
                {
                    "text": "In a recent study, 40% of schools were found to be understaffed."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The company undertook an extensive feasibility study before adopting the new system."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The present study reveals an unacceptable level of air pollution in the city centre."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The study aims to examine bias in television news coverage."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The study compares the incidence of bone cancer in men and women."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The study group was selected from a broad cross section of the population."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The study highlighted three problem areas."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The study provided valuable insight into the development of the disease."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The ten-year study covered 13 000 people aged 15-25."
                },
                {
                    "text": "This phenomenon has been observed in both laboratory and field studies."
                },
                {
                    "text": "A comparative study was carried out into the environmental costs of different energy sources."
                },
                {
                    "text": "They undertook a study of a sample of 992 first year students in 13 secondary schools."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Most previous studies have focused on the elderly."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Clinical studies show that adding calcium to your diet can help people lose weight."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Animal studies have linked the chemical to certain cancers."
                },
                {
                    "text": "According to the study, respondents preferred the strawberry-flavoured drink."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Studies conducted in Iowa have produced similar results."
                },
                {
                    "text": "In a study of 400 patients, half of those given the medication saw the number of their headaches halved."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Study participants developed no major side effects."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Scientific research"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["current", "new", "present"],
                "verb + study": ["commission", "fund", "support"],
                "study + verb": [
                    "take place",
                    "aim at something",
                    "aim to do something"
                ],
                "study + noun": ["group", "session"],
                "preposition": [
                    "according to a/​the study",
                    "in a/​the study",
                    "under study"
                ],
                "phrases": [
                    "an area of study",
                    "a field of study",
                    "the author of a/​the study"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "an academic book or article on a particular topic",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "a study of Jane Austen's novels"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Shakespeare is the subject of a new study by Anthony Bryan."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "the act of considering or examining something in detail",
            "sensetop": "under study",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "These proposals deserve careful study."
                },
                {
                    "text": "the biochemical process under study",
                    "contextForm": "under study"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 7,
            "definition": "a room, especially in somebody’s home, used for reading and writing",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She crossed the hallway and opened the door to her private study."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Houses and homes"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 8,
            "definition": "a drawing or painting of something, especially one done for practice or before doing a larger picture",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "a study of Chartres Cathedral"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a nude study"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Art"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 9,
            "definition": "the act of showing or describing somebody/something in literature or another art form, especially a character or an aspect of behaviour",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The novel is a **character study** of a city and its people."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 10,
            "definition": "a piece of music designed to give a player practice in technical skills",
            "cefr": "c2",
            "examples": [],
            "topics": ["Music"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 11,
            "definition": "a perfect example of something",
            "sensetop": "study (in something)",
            "labels": "(formal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "His face was a study in concentration."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "thinking deeply so that you do not notice what is happening around you",
            "labels": "(old-fashioned, British English)",
            "examples": []
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈstʌdi/",
                "audio": "st/study/study__gb_2.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈstʌdi/",
                "audio": "st/study/study__us_2.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Middle English: shortening of Old French estudie (noun), estudier (verb), both based on Latin studium ‘zeal, painstaking application’."
}