{
    "term": "substance",
    "partOfSpeech": "noun",
    "ox3000": true,
    "cefr": "b1",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities",
            "cefr": "b1",
            "ox3000": true,
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "a sticky substance"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a chemical/radioactive/hazardous substance"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Some frogs produce **toxic substances** in their skin."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Exercise of this kind improves the balance of fatty substances in the bloodstream."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the brain."
                },
                {
                    "text": "a bag full of some unknown substance"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a natural substance found in the body of animals"
                },
                {
                    "text": "foreign substances that contaminated the experiments"
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Physics and chemistry"],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["addictive", "cancer-causing", "carcinogenic"],
                "verb + substance": ["use", "abuse", "contain"],
                "substance + noun": ["use", "abuse"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "a drug, especially an illegal one",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "**illegal/controlled substances**"
                },
                {
                    "text": "He was disqualified from competing after testing positive to a **banned substance**."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Adolescent **substance use** remains high in the United States."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "the quality of being based on facts or the truth",
            "sensetop": "without substance",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The commission's report **gives substance to** these allegations."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There is some substance in what he says."
                },
                {
                    "text": "It was malicious gossip, completely without substance.",
                    "contextForm": "without substance"
                },
                {
                    "text": "His disappearance has given added substance to the argument that he stole the money."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The image of him that the media have presented has no substance."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The letters lent substance to the claims."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Their allegations were without substance."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There was little substance to his claims."
                },
                {
                    "text": "There's no substance in the story."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The party's manifesto is good on style but lacks real substance."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["real", "added"],
                "verb + substance": ["have", "add", "give something"],
                "preposition": ["in substance", "of substance", "with substance"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "the most important or main part of something",
            "sensetop": "the substance of somethingin substance",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Love and guilt form the substance of his new book.",
                    "contextForm": "the substance of something"
                },
                {
                    "text": "The real substance of the report was in the third part."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I agreed with what she said in substance, though not with every detail.",
                    "contextForm": "in substance"
                },
                {
                    "text": "There seems to be no difference in substance between the two procedures."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["real", "added"],
                "verb + substance": ["have", "add", "give something"],
                "preposition": ["in substance", "of substance", "with substance"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "importance",
            "sensetop": "of substance",
            "labels": "(formal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "matters of substance",
                    "contextForm": "of substance"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He found it difficult to say much of substance."
                },
                {
                    "text": "No one raised any matters of substance."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adjective": ["real", "added"],
                "verb + substance": ["have", "add", "give something"],
                "preposition": ["in substance", "of substance", "with substance"]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "a rich and powerful man or woman",
            "labels": "(formal)",
            "examples": []
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsʌbstəns/",
                "audio": "su/substance/substance__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈsʌbstəns/",
                "audio": "su/substance/substance__us_2.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Middle English (denoting the essential nature of something): from Old French, from Latin substantia ‘being, essence’, from substant- ‘standing firm’, from the verb substare."
}