{
    "term": "twist",
    "partOfSpeech": "verb",
    "ox5000": true,
    "cefr": "c1",
    "verbForms": {
        "presentSimple": {
            "iYouWeThey": "twist",
            "heSheIt": "twists"
        },
        "pastSimple": "twisted",
        "pastParticiple": "twisted",
        "ingForm": "twisting"
    },
    "definitions": [
        {
            "senseNumber": 1,
            "definition": "to bend or turn something into a particular shape",
            "sensetop": "twist something (into something)",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Twist the wire to form a circle."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Her hair was twisted into a knot on top of her head."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Physics and chemistry"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 2,
            "definition": "to bend or turn something into a shape or position that is not normal or natural; to be bent or turned in this way",
            "sensetop": "twist something (+ adv./prep.)+ adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He grabbed me and twisted my arm behind my back.",
                    "contextForm": "twist something (+ adv./prep.)"
                },
                {
                    "text": "Her face twisted in anger.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Her mouth was twisted out of shape by grief."
                },
                {
                    "text": "His mouth twisted bitterly."
                },
                {
                    "text": "My stomach twisted into knots."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Nicola's face twisted into a grimace of disgust."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The bike was just a heap of twisted metal."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The boy's leg was twisted back painfully."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 3,
            "definition": "to turn part of your body around while the rest stays still",
            "sensetop": "twist something (+ adv./prep.)+ adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "He twisted his head around to look at her.",
                    "contextForm": "twist something (+ adv./prep.)"
                },
                {
                    "text": "She twisted in her chair when I called her name.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Hold your arms out to the sides and twist your upper body."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He twisted sideways to face her."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Tim twisted round and glared at her."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 4,
            "definition": "to turn your body with quick, sharp movements and change direction often",
            "sensetop": "+ adv./prep.twist something/yourself + adv./prep.",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "I **twisted and turned** to avoid being caught."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She tried unsuccessfully to twist free.",
                    "contextForm": "+ adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "He managed to twist himself round in the restricted space.",
                    "contextForm": "twist something/yourself + adv./prep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She fired again and saw the creature twist violently."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Rachel twisted and turned in her sleep."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The prisoner twisted in his seat, trying to free the ropes around his wrists."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 5,
            "definition": "to turn something around in a circle with your hand",
            "sensetop": "twist something (+ adv./prep.)",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Twist the knob to the left to open the door."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Nervously I twisted the ring on my finger."
                },
                {
                    "text": "She placed her hand on the doorknob and twisted slowly."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Try twisting the handle to the right."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 6,
            "definition": "to bend and change direction often",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "The road **twists and turns** along the coast."
                },
                {
                    "text": "narrow twisting streets"
                },
                {
                    "text": "a twisting staircase"
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 7,
            "definition": "to injure part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, bending it in an uncomfortable way",
            "sensetop": "twist something",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She fell and twisted her ankle."
                }
            ],
            "topics": ["Health problems"],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 8,
            "definition": "to wind something around or through an object",
            "sensetop": "twist something (+ adv./prep.)",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She twisted a scarf around her head."
                },
                {
                    "text": "I twisted the bandage around his leg."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The telephone cable has **got twisted** *(= wound around itself)*."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 9,
            "definition": "to move or grow by winding around something",
            "sensetop": "twist (round/around something)",
            "cefr": "c1",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "A snake was twisting around his arm."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 10,
            "definition": "to deliberately change the meaning of what somebody has said, or to present facts in a particular way, in order to benefit yourself or harm somebody else",
            "sensetop": "twist something",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "You always twist everything I say."
                },
                {
                    "text": "The newspaper was accused of twisting the facts."
                }
            ],
            "synonyms": "misrepresent"
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": 11,
            "definition": "to turn or wind strings, etc. together to make something longer or thicker",
            "sensetop": "twist something (into something)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "They had twisted the sheets into a rope and escaped by climbing down it."
                }
            ],
            "collocations": {
                "adverb": ["slightly", "gently", "quickly"],
                "preposition": ["around", "round", "into"],
                "phrases": [
                    "twist and turn",
                    "twist (yourself) free",
                    "twist something out of shape"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to say or do something unkind deliberately; to make somebody who is unhappy feel even more unhappy",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "Marcia laughed as she twisted the knife still deeper."
                },
                {
                    "text": "Just to twist the knife, the filmmakers have provided a surprise ending."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to persuade or force somebody to do something",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": [],
            "topics": ["Discussion and agreement"]
        },
        {
            "senseNumber": null,
            "definition": "to persuade somebody to do anything that you want",
            "labels": "(informal)",
            "examples": [
                {
                    "text": "She has always been able to twist her parents around her little finger."
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "pronunciations": {
        "uk": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/twɪst/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twist__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/twɪsts/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twists__gb_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈtwɪstɪd/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twisted__gb_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈtwɪstɪŋ/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twisting__gb_1.mp3"
            }
        ],
        "us": [
            {
                "pronunciation": "/twɪst/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twist__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/twɪsts/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twists__us_1.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈtwɪstɪd/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twisted__us_2.mp3"
            },
            {
                "pronunciation": "/ˈtwɪstɪŋ/",
                "audio": "tw/twist/twisting__us_1.mp3"
            }
        ]
    },
    "wordOrigin": "Old English (as a noun), of Germanic origin; probably from the base of twin and twine. Current verb senses date from late Middle English."
}